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59-535: The force was established on 1 November 1846 with the appointment of Francis Parry as Chief Constable . The Constables Ordinance 1846, which had been enacted by the colony's Legislative Council on 27 October of that year, created an organisation that has remained at the service of the public ever since. It was initially staffed by three officers – the Chief Constable, the Gaoler (responsible for prisoners), and

118-644: A head constable , although this rank was superseded by chief constable in most forces in the later 19th century and early 20th century and was almost completely abolished by the Police Act 1919 . Liverpool City Police was the only large force to retain it until then. The first woman to hold the rank of chief constable was Pauline Clare , appointed Chief Constable of the Lancashire Constabulary on 14 June 1995. The population of areas for which chief constables are responsible varies from under

177-592: A BTP officer crews an "Emergency Intervention Unit", which conveys engineers and equipment to incidents on SWT's network using blue lights. The scheme won the "passenger safety" category at the UK Rail Industry Awards in 2015. Another "Emergency Response Unit" was established in partnership with Network Rail in the Glasgow area in the run-up to the 2014 Commonwealth Games . In May 2012, the BTP formed

236-548: A designated facility. The force retains one designated custody suite that is operational at Brewery Road in London (20 cells), where persons arrested within a reasonable travelling distance are taken. A number of other BTP custody suites were operational in London but these were closed in 2017 due to concerns regarding the time that it took to transport prisoners there. Designated custody suites have also been retained as over-spill facilities in London, but are not routinely open, at

295-517: A hundred thousand to two or three million, and it is commonplace for chief constables for larger force areas to be drawn from the chief constables of smaller forces. A chief constable has no senior officer. Prior to 2012, a chief constable was responsible to a police authority . In England and Wales , the chief constable is now appointed by and accountable to the Police and Crime Commissioner of their service, or to an elected mayor , who may also dismiss

354-516: A national response to the increase in metal theft offences and also chairs the relevant Association of Chief Police Officers working group. Operation Shield is an initiative by BTP to reduce the number of knives carried by passengers on the rail network. This initiative came about after knife crime began to rise and also because of the murder of a passenger on a Virgin CrossCountry service travelling from Glasgow . In 2013, in response

413-462: A police constable outside their normal railway jurisdiction as described in the " Powers and status of officers " section. BTP constables previously had jurisdiction at docks, ports, harbours and inland waterways, as well at some bus stations and British Transport Hotels . These roles fell away in 1985 with privatisation. The legislation was amended to reflect this in 1994. Private British railway companies employed detectives and police almost from

472-549: A reliable statement as the Criminal Case Review Commission subsequently quashed the convictions of Basil Peterkin and Saliah Mehmet, 2 of 12 men convicted on Ridgewell's evidence of theft from a goods depot in 1977. The CCRC appealed for "anyone else who believes that they or a loved one, friend or acquaintance was a victim of a miscarriage of justice to contact the CCRC – particularly if DS Derek Ridgewell

531-549: A station is resolved. Its training and equipment is the same as that of the London Ambulance Service in order to ensure smooth hand-overs of patients. At the end of the trial period, in October 2013, the unit was reduced to eight officers; the other twelve returned to regular policing duties after TfL judged the results of the scheme to be less than conclusive. Officers from the unit treated over 650 people in

590-564: A survey conducted by Transport for London, which showed that 15% of women using public transport in London had been the subject of some form of unwanted sexual behaviour but that 90% of incidents went unreported, the BTP—in conjunction with the Metropolitan Police Service , City of London Police , and TfL—launched Project Guardian , which aimed to reduce sexual offences and increase reporting. In November 2016 BTP introduced

649-659: A year later when the BTC was abolished the name of the force was amended to the British Transport Police. In the 1960s and 1970s BTP officers led by Detective Sergeant Derek Ridgewell gave false testimony to obtain convictions of young men in the British Black community on the London Underground on charges such as assault with intent to rob. Eventually some of the men, who became known as

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708-399: Is headed by a Chief Police Officer, who holds the rank of superintendent. The Chief Police Officer is assisted by a deputy chief officer who holds the rank of inspector. Uniformed community policing is carried out by a team of twelve police constables and eight reserve constables, supervised by two police sergeants. The island's permanent CID was formed in 2018. Previously criminal detection

767-575: Is located in the South East for coordinating major incidents and as a fallback facility. The Home Office DTELS callsign for BTP is 'M2BX' and their events control suite is 'M2AZ' for force-wide events and incidents, and the South East and 'M2AY' for Outer London events and incidents. BTP also have consoles within the Metropolitan Police C3i Special Operations Room (SOR). The force only acquired

826-687: Is staffed by a prison manager and four prison officers. Owing to the large military presence on the Falkland Islands there is always a contingent of military police – known as Joint Service Police & Security Unit (JSPSU), British Forces South Atlantic – stationed on the island. As a matter of policy, all British military police officers from all three services assigned to the Falklands are also sworn in as RFIP reserve constables, so that they have full civil police powers during their tour of duty. Chief Constable Chief Constable

885-859: Is the rank used by the chief police officer of every territorial police force in the United Kingdom except for the City of London Police and the Metropolitan Police , as well as the chief officers of the three 'special' national police forces, the British Transport Police , Ministry of Defence Police , and Civil Nuclear Constabulary . The title is also held by the chief officers of the principal Crown Dependency police forces (the Isle of Man Constabulary , States of Guernsey Police Service , and States of Jersey Police ) and

944-553: Is the largest of the three special police forces and the 11th largest police force in the United Kingdom overall. From 1 April 2014, the divisional structure changed from the previous seven division structure to a four division structure - according to BTP this new structure will 'deliver a more efficient force, generating savings to reinvest in more police officers across the railway network'. Based at BTP Headquarters in Central London, this division retains overall control of

1003-512: Is the smallest in terms of personnel housing 214 police officers, 24 special constables and 46 police staff. E Division (Specialist Operations) was formed in 2020, removing the counter-terrorism units and assets from A Division, and placing them into their own division. E division comprises the force's specialist counter-terrorism units including the Firearms Unit, Dog Branch, Specialist Response Unit and others. Prior to April 2014, BTP

1062-525: The London 2012 Olympic Games . With BTP now playing a large role in counter-terrorism on the rail network, the force also receives some grants towards its firearms units. The police authority has agreed its budget for 2021–22 at £328.1   million. As of September 2021 BTP had a workforce of 3,113 police officers, 1,415 police staff, 251 police community support officers , 298 special constables , and 50 support volunteers. In terms of officer numbers it

1121-699: The London Underground , Docklands Light Railway , the West Midlands Metro , Tramlink , part of the Tyne and Wear Metro , Glasgow Subway and the London Cable Car . The force is funded primarily by the rail industry. As well as having jurisdiction across the national rail network , the BTP is also responsible for policing: This amounts to around 10,000 miles (16,000 km) of track and more than 3,000 railway stations and depots. There are more than one billion passenger journeys annually on

1180-522: The Oval Four and Stockwell Six , managed to have their convictions overturned. In November 2021, the BTP chief constable apologised to the black community for the trauma caused by Ridgewell, and said his actions did "not define the BTP of today". In July 2021 Deputy Chief Constable Adrian Hanstock stated that a review of Ridgewell's record had "not identified any additional matters that we feel should be referred for external review", this proved not to be

1239-752: The Sovereign Base Areas Police in Cyprus. The title was also held, ex officio , by the president of the Association of Chief Police Officers under the Police Reform Act 2002 . It was also the title of the chief officer of the Royal Parks Constabulary until this agency was disbanded in 2004. Throughout the United Kingdom and Crown Dependencies there are currently fifty chief constables. These consist of

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1298-600: The West Midlands and Greater Manchester , down to £127,017 in Central Scotland . The Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police and their deputy are paid significantly more than any chief constable, partly because the Metropolitan Police has national anti-terrorism and security duties that overlap with other local forces, but also because the Metropolitan Police is by far the largest force in

1357-412: The divisional superintendents and the two assistant commissioners . These officers were to be generally military officers, civil servants or lawyers who were directly appointed to the rank. This caused a certain amount of concern, since some saw it as the creation of an "officer class" for the police, which had always been resisted. Their rank badge consisted of crossed tipstaves in a wreath. In 1886,

1416-405: The "See It, Say It, Sorted" slogan in posters and on-train tannoy announcements, encouraging passengers to report suspicious activity. The British Transport Police is almost wholly funded by the train operating companies , Network Rail , and the London Underground – part of Transport for London . Around 95% of BTP's funding comes from the train operating companies. Other operators with whom

1475-501: The "chief officers" of a force. The salaries of chief constables vary from force to force, primarily on the basis of the population of their force's territory, but the amounts are fixed centrally. As of 2022, the highest paid is the chief constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland , on £230,000, in recognition of the unique security challenges and political sensitivity of that office. Other salaries range from £181,455 in

1534-524: The 18th century and earlier. Constable and constabulary were terms adopted in an attempt to provide a historical link with the older forces - the term is derived from the Latin comes stabuli (keeper of the stables) - and to emphasise local control. Much of the debate about policing in the early 19th century, when modern police forces were introduced in the United Kingdom , concerned fears that

1593-526: The BTP has a service agreement also contribute appropriately. This funding arrangement does not give the companies power to set objectives for the BTP, but there are industry representatives serving as members of the police authority. The police authority decides objectives. The industry membership represent five out of 13 members. The force does not receive any direct funding from the Home Office, but may apply for grants – such as for special events, like

1652-452: The BTP with a capability that was already available to other police forces and that BTP relied upon police forces for assistance which was a burden. In February 2012, BTP firearms officers commenced patrols focusing on mainline stations in London and transport hubs to provide a visible deterrence and immediate armed response if necessary. Firearms officers carry a Glock 17 handgun and a LMT CQB 10.5" SBR carbine that may be fitted with

1711-473: The London Underground were caused by "passenger incidents", of which the majority related to medical problems with passengers; the purpose of the unit is to provide a faster response to medical incidents, providing treatment at the scene with the aim of reducing disruption to the network. The unit also aims to assist passengers who may be distressed after being trapped on trains while an incident at

1770-558: The Medic Response Unit to respond to medical incidents on the London Underground network, primarily to reduce disruption to the network during the 2012 Summer Olympics . The scheme was initially for a 12-month trial, and consisted of 20 police officers (18 police constables and two sergeants) and two dedicated fast-response cars. The officers attached to the unit each undertook a four-week course in pre-hospital care, funded by TfL. TfL estimated that around one third of delays on

1829-575: The Night Constable (responsible for policing during the night). The police station , which has remained the headquarters building since it was completed in 1873, is situated centrally in Stanley . The building, which has had several wooden extensions added over the years, was built of stone by the detachment of Royal Marines that were stationed in the colony at that time. Today all serving police officers are based at Stanley police station or

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1888-579: The North East, North West, the Midlands, South West areas of England and Wales. This division is further divided into the following sub-divisions: As of 2015 , C Division houses the second largest number of personnel within BTP: 921 police officers, 127 special constables, 132 PCSOs and 180 police staff. This division covers Scotland. There are no sub-divisions within D Division. As of 2015 , D Division

1947-737: The Transport Police (Jurisdiction) Act 1994, which was subsequently amended by the Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003 . In 2010, the force's dog training was moved from a force-specific training establishment near Tadworth , Surrey (opened in 1984) to the Metropolitan Police's Dogs Training School in Keston , London Borough of Bromley. In May 2011, the Secretary of State for Transport Philip Hammond announced that British Transport Police would create an armed capability of its own with

2006-469: The added benefit of additional resilience and capacity to the overall UK police armed capability. The BTP are deployed on armed patrols using Glock 17 pistols, LMT AR-15 CQB carbines and tasers . The BTP was led by a chief police officer from its inception until 1958, when Arthur West was appointed its first chief constable. Route crime collectively describes crimes and offences of trespass and vandalism which occur on railway lines and can affect

2065-563: The chief constable. The chief constable's badge of rank, worn on the epaulettes , consists of crossed tipstaffs in a laurel wreath , surmounted by a crown. This is similar to the insignia of a lieutenant-general in the British Army, and is also worn by an assistant commissioner in the Metropolitan Police . The chief constable is assisted by a deputy chief constable (DCC) and one or more assistant chief constables (ACC). The chief constable, DCC and ACCs are collectively known as

2124-530: The chief officers of 37 English territorial forces outside London, four Welsh territorial forces, the Police Service of Scotland, the Police Service of Northern Ireland , three special national forces and three Crown Dependency constabularies. The chief officers of some police departments in Canada also hold the title of chief constable. The title is derived from the original local parish constables of

2183-543: The country. As of 2011, the commissioner earns an annual salary of £260,088, whilst their deputy earns £214,722. In London , the Metropolitan Police and the City of London Police are led by commissioners rather than chief constables. Chief constable was, however, a lower rank in the Metropolitan Police which existed between 1886 and 1946. In 1869, the divisions of the Metropolitan Police were grouped into four districts, and four new officers called district superintendents were appointed to command them, ranking between

2242-483: The districts in 1933, with the chief constables remaining as their deputies until the latter rank was finally renamed deputy commander in 1946. British Transport Police British Transport Police ( BTP ; Welsh : Heddlu Trafnidiaeth Prydeinig ) is a national special police force that polices the railway network of England , Wales and Scotland . The force polices more than 10,000 miles of track and more than 3,000 stations and depots. BTP also polices

2301-566: The first year of operation, including rescuing a passenger who fell onto the tracks, and made 50 arrests. In May 2011, the Secretary of State for Transport announced with agreement from the Home Secretary that approval had been given for BTP to develop a firearms capability following a submission to government in December by BTP. Government stated that this was not in response to any specific threat, and pointed out that it equipped

2360-455: The following locations: Central London (ten cells), Wembley Park (nine cells), Hammersmith (four cells) and West Ham (four cells). A partnership between Transport for London (TfL) and BTP led to the formation of the ERU. The unit carries TfL engineers to incidents on the London Underground , such as one under accidents and terrorist incidents. The vehicles are driven by BTP officers, so once at

2419-401: The force. Like its predecesssors, the BTP only powers available under common law to parishes , landowners and other bodies to appoint constables to patrol land and/or property under their control. This is distinct from the establishment of a police force by statute, as applicable to the Metropolitan Police in 1829. BTP finally gained jurisdiction on a statutory basis by the enactment of

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2478-482: The last ports it policed in 1990. The force played a central role in the response to the 7 July 2005 London bombings . Three of the incidents were at London Underground stations: Edgware Road (Circle Line), Russell Square and Aldgate stations, and the Number 30 bus destroyed at Tavistock Square was very close to the then force headquarters of the BTP, the latter incident being responded to initially by officers from

2537-731: The main lines alone. In addition, BTP, in conjunction with the French National Police (under the Border Police unit) – Police aux Frontières – police the international services operated by Eurostar . BTP is not responsible for policing the majority of the Tyne and Wear Metro , which is instead policed by Northumbria Police 's Metro Unit, nor the entirety of the Manchester Metrolink (policed by Greater Manchester Police ). BTP also does not police heritage railways . A BTP constable can act as

2596-614: The military base. Historically local constables were based at Fox Bay (by 1900), and the Jason Islands (by 1920), with another at Grytviken in South Georgia (also by 1920) chiefly to prevent seal poaching. The police station took a direct hit from a British missile during the Falklands War on 11 June 1982 and was severely damaged. The fabric of the building was repaired but after 135 years of continual service it

2655-424: The new forces might become paramilitary agents of central government control. To this day other British police ranks , such as inspector and superintendent , are determinedly non-paramilitary – only police sergeants hold a quasi-military rank and even then the term sergeant had long existed as a non-military officer of subordinate rank. The County Police Act 1839 gave the counties of England and Wales

2714-551: The opportunity to establish full-time police forces, headed by a chief constable who was appointed by the justices of the peace of the county. The first county to implement this was Wiltshire Constabulary , which appointed Captain Samuel Meredith RN its first chief constable on 28 November 1839. Other counties followed this pattern; for instance, Essex appointed its first chief constable on 11 February 1840. Originally, most borough police forces were commanded by

2773-532: The other divisions and houses central functions including forensics, CCTV and major investigations. As of 2015 , 393 police officers, 10 special constables and 946 police staff are based at FHQ. This division covers London and the South East and southern areas of England. This division is further divided into the following sub-divisions: As of 2015 , B Division houses the largest number of personnel of any BTP division: 1,444 police officers, 101 special constables, 191 PCSOs and 361 police staff. This division covers

2832-734: The outset of passenger services in 1826. These companies were unified into four in 1923 then into a single nationalised company in 1947 by the Transport Act, which also created the British Transport Commission (BTC). On 1 January 1949 the British Transport Commission Police (BTCP) were created by the British Transport Commission Act 1949 which combined the already-existing police forces inherited from

2891-435: The power to designate custody suites in 2001, whereby all of the custody suites up until that point were non-designated. The force previously ran a number of non-designated custody suites around the country, which had all been closed down by 2014. A non-designated custody suite only allows police to detain someone for six hours before they are either released (whether charged, bailed or released without charge) or transferred to

2950-683: The pre-nationalisation railways by British Railways as well as the London Transport Police, canal police and several minor dock forces. In 1957 the Maxwell-Johnson enquiry found that policing requirements for the railway could not be met by territorial forces and that it was essential that a specialist police force be retained. On 1 January 1962 the British Transport Commission Police ceased to cover British Waterways property and exactly

3009-526: The rank of district superintendent was renamed chief constable, as it was decided that it could be confused with the divisional superintendents. Unlike their superiors, chief constables were actually sworn into the office of constable , hence the name. A fifth chief constable was later created in the Criminal Investigation Department . In 1919 the rank became junior to the new rank of deputy assistant commissioners , who took over

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3068-674: The running of train services. The majority of deaths are due to suicide or trespass. Graffiti costs rail firms over £5   million a year in direct costs alone. The BTP maintains a graffiti database which holds over 1900 graffiti tags, each unique to an individual. In 2005 BTP sent 569 suspects to court (an increase of 16% on 2004 figures). In the North West Area BTP has joined forces with Lancashire Constabulary and Network Rail to combat theft of metal items and equipment from railway lines in an initiative called Operation Tremor . The BTP established Operation Drum in 2006 as

3127-430: The scene the officer performs regular policing duties in relation to any crime or public safety issues. The use of the blue lights on the unit's vehicles is subject to the same criteria as with any other police vehicle In December 2013, TfL announced that the trial of blue lights had ended, and that ERU vehicles would retain blue lights, as BTP drivers had halved the unit's response time to incidents. Some vehicles within

3186-419: The small size of the force, there are no permanent armed response units, although some officers are trained and certified as Authorised firearms officers . The RFIP has a total staff of 28, including sworn constables and support staff, for front desk and licensing duties. The RFIP consists of: There are also four police support staff: The force uses the following standard British policing ranks: The RFIP

3245-441: The unit are dual liveried, allowing TfL engineers to operate the vehicles without a police driver. On these, 'police' branding can be removed and the vehicles returned to the 'emergency' branding utilised prior to the trial, with engineers utilising amber and red lighting as opposed to blue. Similar schemes have been implemented elsewhere in the country, including a partnership with Network Rail and South West Trains (SWT) in which

3304-480: Was divided into seven geographical basic command units (BCUs) which it referred to as 'police areas': Prior to 2007, there was an additional Midland Area and Wales and West Area; however, this was absorbed into the Wales and Western area and North Eastern area. BTP operates two force control rooms and one call-handling centre: Both FCRL and FCRB house an events control suite, and a 'silver suite' incident control room

3363-536: Was involved.", indicating that there are many further victims of this corrupt, racist officer that the BTP have not identified in their flawed review. In 1984 London Buses decided not to use the British Transport Police. The British Transport Docks Board followed in 1985 when it was privatised. This included undertaking immigration control at smaller ports until the Immigration Service expanded. The force crest still includes ports and harbours. BTP left

3422-820: Was totally refurbished in 2008. This was completed in 2009 with the new jail being opened by the Princess Royal on 24 March 2009. Communication is based on VHF FM radio and is encrypted. It is monitored from a force control room in Stanley. The use of a repeater greatly extends the range of coverage. Codes of practice are published originating from the Criminal Justice Ordinance 1989. All equipment issued to officers and practices used to comply with Home Office and Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) guidelines. In common with British police practice, officers are not routinely armed. Owing to

3481-464: Was undertaken by uniformed police officers. The CID is staffed by two detective constables and one detective sergeant. Until November 2014, the RFIP also provided prison services on the Falkland Islands. Since then, there has been a separate and dedicated prison service, but this is still located within the police station, working with the RFIP to provide custody and detention facilities. The prison service

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