62-651: The Royal Jubilee Exhibition of 1887 was held in Old Trafford , Manchester , England, to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria 's accession. It was opened by Princess Alexandra, the Princess of Wales (wife of the Prince of Wales, later Edward VII ) on 3 May 1887, and remained open for 166 days, during which time there were 4.5 million paying visitors, 74,600 in one day alone. The site chosen for
124-672: A 234-page catalogue, a series of "Handbooks" by type of object, and an illustrated weekly periodical "The Art Treasures Examiner". An apparently satirical book by "Tennyson Longfellow Smith" of "Poems inspired by Certain Pictures at the Art Treasures Exhibition" was illustrated with caricatures. A 16-page booklet was titled the "What to see, and Where to see it: The Operative's Guide to the Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition" (an "operative"
186-472: A brief period in the 1970s it became an Asian films cinema. It closed in 1979, and the building is now occupied by a timber and ironmongery business. The premises occupied by The Globe were originally part of the Manchester Carriage and Tramways Company 's horse-drawn tramway depot. The cinema closed in the mid 1960s, and is now used as a warehouse. The Lyceum opened in 1915, and it also closed in
248-731: A desire to demonstrate their cultural attainment, and inspired by the Paris International Exhibition in 1855, the Dublin Exhibition in 1853, and the Great Exhibition in 1851. There had already been an "Exposition of British Industrial Art in Manchester" in 1845. Unlike these earlier exhibitions, the Manchester exhibition was restricted to works of art without any industrial or trade items on display. The idea for an exhibition in Manchester
310-612: A result of the Local Government Act 1972 , it became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford in Greater Manchester . Since the realignment of Trafford's ward boundaries in 2004, Old Trafford has been divided between Clifford and Longford wards , with the larger part being in the former. Old Trafford is part of the parliamentary constituency of Stretford and Urmston , and represents
372-839: A separate royal reception room. Following his visit, American author Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote that, in the Second Class refreshment room: John Bull and his female may be seen in full gulp and guzzle, swallowing vast quantities of cold boiled beef, thoroughly moistened with porter or bitter The exhibition comprised over 16,000 works split into 10 categories: Pictures by Ancient Masters, Pictures by Modern Masters, British Portraits and Miniatures, Water Colour Drawings, Sketches and Original Drawings (Ancient), Engravings, Illustrations of Photography, Works of Oriental Art, Varied Objects of Oriental Art, and Sculpture. The collection included 5,000 paintings and drawings by "Modern Masters" such as Hogarth , Gainsborough , Turner , Constable , and
434-537: A short distance to Old Trafford Cricket Ground . The site was conveniently adjacent to Manchester Botanical Garden and to the west of an existing railway line of the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway . The railway company built a new station (now Old Trafford tram stop ) which was used by thousands of visitors from the city and from further afield on organised excursions. C.D. Young & Co , of London and Edinburgh – already engaged as builders of
496-673: Is all that has been preserved of the old botanical gardens. Nearby, on the site of what is now the Greater Manchester Police Headquarters, was Henshaw's Institute for the Blind, which originally opened as Henshaw's Blind Asylum in 1837. Next door on the same site was the Royal Institute for the Deaf, where the film Mandy was made. Old Trafford expanded and became an urban area after the building of
558-422: Is an area of Trafford , Greater Manchester , England, which borders the cities of Manchester and Salford . It is located two miles (3.2 km) south-west of Manchester city centre in the historic county of Lancashire . The area represents the north-eastern tip of the parliamentary constituency of Stretford and Urmston . It is roughly delineated by two old toll gates: Brooks' Bar and Trafford Bar , to
620-596: Is an art lover just now and the talk is all of the pictures at the exhibition". To entertain the visitors, Charles Hallé was asked to organise an orchestra to perform a daily concert, in addition to a daily organ recital. After the exhibition closed, he continued running the orchestra, which became the Hallé Orchestra . A temporary "Art Treasure Hotel" housed some visitors overnight, and others were directed to local boarding houses. The exhibition gave rise to several different publications. The committee published
682-404: Is commemorated in the name of Tennis Street. The move to West Didsbury in 1909 was prompted by the industrialisation of Trafford Park and consequent air pollution. The half-timbered pavilion was dismantled and re-erected at the new ground. Famous people who were born or lived in the area include political and social activist Sylvia Pankhurst , singer Ian Curtis of Joy Division and his wife,
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#1732779491351744-715: Is effectively a peninsula, with its northern boundary the River Irwell, now canalised into the Manchester Ship Canal, and to the east a tributary of the Irwell, the Cornbrook, culverted as the area grew in the 19th century. The southern boundary, the Black Brook, was culverted at about the same time, under Upper Chorlton Road. Some small anomalies due to the brook's underground route were not amended until
806-595: Is in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford, and the Church of England Diocese of Manchester. Along with the rest of Trafford, Old Trafford maintains a selective education system assessed by the 11-plus examination. There is only one secondary school in Old Trafford; a private, female-only, Muslim secondary school but there are three primary schools within the area. Old Trafford has been
868-434: Is reflected in the unusually high number of non Christian places of worship in the area. Since the 1980s Old Trafford has become home to two large South Asian communities – Punjabi Pakistanis – almost all being Muslim . Muslims represent the largest non-Christian religious group in the area, with 28% of the population, compared to 3% in the whole of Trafford. To service this community there are four mosques in
930-690: The Madonna and Child with Saint John and the Angels which had only recently been attributed to Michelangelo . The display of this unfinished work caused much excitement, and it is still known as the Manchester Madonna . The French art critic Théophile Thoré commented that: La collection de Manchester vaut à peu près le Louvre ("Manchester's collection is worth almost as much as the Louvre's"). Not all private owners responded positively to
992-478: The Chinese Medicine Centre, on the site of the old Vimto offices. Something of this atmosphere is evoked by Manchester poet Lemn Sissay in his poem Ayres Road . Only 45% of the residents of Clifford ward (the ward that contains the larger part of Old Trafford) reported themselves as being Christian in the 2001 Census , compared to 76% across Trafford as a whole, and 72% across England. This
1054-729: The King of Belgium , the Queen of the Netherlands , Louis Napoleon , Benjamin Disraeli , William Ewart Gladstone , Lord Palmerston , the 2nd Duke of Wellington , Charles Dickens , Alfred Lord Tennyson , Florence Nightingale , Elizabeth Gaskell , John Ruskin , Nathaniel Hawthorne , and Maria Mitchell . Titus Salt commissioned three trains to transport 2,600 of his factory workers from Saltaire to visit on Saturday 19 September. Many other railway excursions were organised, mostly from
1116-518: The Manchester Ship Canal in the 1890s, and the subsequent development of nearby Trafford Park Industrial Estate , in the early 20th century. Trafford Park provided employment for thousands of local residents. Employment was also provided on a smaller scale, notably by the railways ( Trafford Park shed alone had over 300 staff), Duerr's Jams, Vimto , Arkady Soya Mill and Ludwig Oppenheimer Mosaics. The Royal Army Medical Corps and
1178-608: The Metrolink line is Warwick Road South. Old Trafford was a crossing point over the River Irwell in ancient times. The name Old Trafford possibly derives from the time when there were two Trafford Halls, Old Trafford Hall and New Trafford Hall. The old hall was close to what is now the White City Retail Park , and was said to have been the home of the de Trafford family since 1017, until the family moved to
1240-563: The Pre-Raphaelites , and 1,000 works by European Old Masters , including Rubens , Raphael , Titian and Rembrandt ; several hundred sculptures; photographs, including Crimean War images by James Robertson and the photographic tableau Two Ways of Life by Oscar Gustave Rejlander ; and other works of decorative arts, such as Wedgwood china, Sèvres and Meissen porcelain , Venetian glass, Limoges enamels , ivories, tapestries, furniture, tableware and armour. The Committee bought
1302-540: The Territorial Army have well-established bases in the area. Slum clearances during the 1960s and early 1970s saw some of the old Victorian housing stock demolished. However, after the perceived failure of the deck-access concrete crescents of Hulme, Old Trafford's residents preferred renovation to demolition. As a result, there are still many Victorian terraced streets in the area. By 1985, employment at Trafford Park had fallen to 24,500, as unemployment in
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#17327794913511364-399: The 1960s. Its building is now used for private functions. The Trafford Picture House opened in 1922, and closed in 1958. After a period when it was used as a vehicle auction room the building became derelict, and it was demolished in 1997. Today, Old Trafford has approximately 13,000 residents. Cultural diversity has been a feature of the area for over a century. Irish immigrants settled in
1426-431: The 50th anniversary of Queen Victoria's accession to the throne. The gardens closed in 1907, becoming White City Pleasure Gardens in 1907 and near the present-day White City Retail Park. The exhibition was used as a model for the display of art in public galleries during the second half of the 19th century. Although the works displayed were returned to private collections, many found their way into public collections over
1488-528: The Fo Kang Shang Buddhist Temple, although Buddhists are recorded as making up only 0.2% of the area's population, roughly the same proportion as for Jews. The former library on Stretford Road has been converted into a Chinese Cultural Centre, and a Chinese Medical Centre is on Ayres Road. For many years the numerous Polish community had a focal point in their ex-servicemen's club on Shrewsbury Street, now no longer there. Old Trafford
1550-570: The Treasury was born in Trafford. Art Treasures Exhibition The Art Treasures of Great Britain was an exhibition of fine art held in Manchester , England, from 5 May to 17 October 1857. It remains the largest art exhibition to be held in the UK, possibly in the world, with over 16,000 works on display. It attracted over 1.3 million visitors in the 142 days it was open, about four times
1612-634: The V&;A. The works were organised chronologically, to demonstrate the development of art, with works from northern Europe on one wall contrasted with contemporaneous works from southern Europe on the facing wall. Although the collection included works from Europe and the Orient, it had a clear emphasis on British works. Most public British collections were in a nascent state, so most of the works were borrowed from 700 private collections. Many had never been exhibited in public before. The exhibition included
1674-483: The area's association with sports and recreation. The popularity of the botanical gardens, which was similar to The Crystal Palace , led wealthy people to build large houses in the area. In 1857, and again in 1887, the gardens staged exhibitions of art treasures, the former as part of the Art Treasures Exhibition and the latter in celebration of Queen Victoria 's silver jubilee. The Hallé Orchestra
1736-823: The area, Seymour Grove is named after the millionaire grocer Sir Thomas Seymour Mead. Until the mid-20th century there were four cinemas in Old Trafford: the Imperial Picture Theatre in Chorlton Road, Brooks Bar, The Globe on Cornbrook Street, The Lyceum in City Road and the Trafford Picture House in Talbot Road. Three of the buildings have survived, although not now operated as cinemas. The Imperial opened in 1913, and for
1798-746: The area; the Faizan-e-Islam mosque, the Masjid-e-Hidayah, the Masjid-e-Noor and the Masjid Imdadia. There is also a smaller Sikh community, with its own Gurdwara , the Sangat Bhatra Sikh Temple, Upper Chorlton Road. Sikhs account for 4% of the area's population, significantly above the less than 1% average for Trafford and England. To further add to the religious mix there is also a Buddhist temple,
1860-618: The author Deborah Curtis , artist L. S. Lowry , aviator John Alcock , Dodie Smith , the author of 101 Dalmatians . Old Trafford also produced two Victoria Cross winners in the First World War : Charles Coverdale , a sergeant in the Manchester Regiment , and James Marshall , an officer in the Lancashire Fusiliers . Rebecca Long-Bailey , MP for Salford and Eccles and Shadow Chief Secretary to
1922-409: The building included a large hall, with corrugated iron sides and vaults supported by iron columns, with space for an orchestra at one end and a large pipe organ by Kirtland and Jardine . Each column bore the exhibition's monogram: "ATE". The hall was subdivided internally by partitions, creating separate galleries. The interior was lined with wood panels covered with calico . Most internal decoration
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1984-508: The change, as well as an alternative proposal to create a constituency of Salford and Old Trafford. The Boundary Commission rejected Trafford Council's proposals, noting that there was "strong opposition to the creation of a constituency that crossed the Manchester Ship Canal and ... that the Canal provided a clearly identifiable boundary which should not be breached". Old Trafford borders Firswood , Gorse Hill and Trafford Park . The area
2046-692: The collection of Jules Soulages of Toulouse, founder of the Société Archéologique du Midi de la France for £13,500 to form the core of the collection of medieval and Renaissance decorative arts. The collection had previously been exhibited at Marlborough House in London with a view to being acquired for the South Kensington Museum (now the V&A), but the Treasury refused to fund the purchase. They were later acquired by
2108-444: The committee's entreaties to lend their works of art. William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire reportedly declined, replying contemptuously: What in the world do you want with art in Manchester? Why can't you stick to your cotton spinning? The exhibition was opened by Prince Albert on 5 May 1857, in mourning following the death of Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh only a few days before, on 30 April. The exhibition
2170-538: The construction of the purpose-built exhibition halls was the present-day White City retail park , then the Royal Botanical Gardens. Amusements such as tobogganing slides and a sports arena were also provided, and decorations were provided by Ford Madox Brown , assisted by Susan Dacre . Designed by the architectural practice of Maxwell and Tuke , the buildings were constructed from cast iron gas pipes, and had large glazed areas. The main building
2232-412: The east and west. Old Trafford is the site of Old Trafford Cricket Ground , home of Lancashire County Cricket Club , and Old Trafford football stadium , the home of Manchester United , on opposite ends of Brian Statham Way (formerly Warwick Road) and Sir Matt Busby Way (formerly Warwick Road North). The road between them retains the name Warwick Road , and the southern section on the other side of
2294-523: The exhibition made a small profit of £304 14s. 4d, a good result compared to the crippling £20,000 loss made by the Dublin Exhibition, which ruined its organiser William Dargan . The railway that transported visitors to the site did even better, making a profit of about £50,000. After the exhibition ended, the exhibited works were returned to their owners, and the temporary building and its contents were auctioned. Glass display cases were bought by
2356-409: The final bill up to £37,461. Over the entrance was inscribed the first line of John Keats 's Endymion : "A thing of beauty is a joy for ever." By the exit was a line from Alexander Pope 's Prologue to Joseph Addison 's Cato : "To wake the soul by tender strokes of art." The hall also included two public refreshment rooms, First Class and Second Class, later supplemented by a tent outside, and
2418-464: The first 10 days, and on Thursdays, daily admission was half a crown ; on other days, admission was reduced to 1 shilling . An experiment in reducing admission to sixpence after 2 pm on Saturdays – to encourage working class visitors – did not noticeably increase revenue and was abandoned. The exhibition attracted more than 1.3 million visitors – about four times the population of Manchester in 1857. Prominent visitors included
2480-532: The first 3 volumes of his Treasures of Art in Great Britain in 1854. George Scharf was appointed as the exhibition's Art Secretary; he became secretary and director to the newly founded National Portrait Gallery in 1857. The exhibition was held outside the city centre, on a three-acre site in Old Trafford owned by Sir Humphrey de Trafford , Bt., which he had previously let as a cricket ground . Manchester Cricket Club surrendered its lease and moved
2542-583: The following decades, having usefully boosted their reputation by their appearance in Manchester. The National Portrait Gallery in London had been founded in 1856 and opened its doors to the public in 1858. Scharf was its first director, and arranged the displays in chronological order, as the Manchester exhibition had done. A second but smaller National Art Treasures Exhibition was held in Folkestone in May ;– October 1886. A large exhibition of paintings
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2604-460: The late 1980s. Old Trafford makes up the northeastern tip of Trafford and adjoins St. Georges, Hulme , Whalley Range and Moss Side – all of which are in the City of Manchester – and Ordsall to the northeast, which is in the City of Salford . At the crossroads of Brooks's Bar, the boundaries between Old Trafford and Hulme and Moss Side and Whalley Range meet. On the western side of
2666-685: The length of the building, and narrower barrel vaults 45 feet (14 m) wide to either side, all crossed by a 104 feet (32 m) transept towards the western end. The design of the main structure has been attributed to Francis Fowke , who later designed the Natural History Museum in London, and an ornamental brick entrance at the eastern end was designed by local architect Edward Salomons . The materials used included 650 long tons (660 t) of cast iron , 600 long tons (610 t) of wrought iron , 65,000 square feet (6,000 m ) of glass and 1.5 million bricks. Internally,
2728-739: The locality from the 1880s, coming to Manchester to work on the ship canal . Polish and east European migrants arrived during and after the Second World War. The Afro-Caribbean community arrived and settled in the 1950s and 1960s. People from the Indian sub-continent started to arrive during the 1960s but settled in more significant numbers from the 1980s onwards. Old Trafford is among the 10% most deprived areas in England, suffering problems of unemployment, poor housing and low educational achievement. It also has levels of youth crime well above
2790-509: The national average. Ayres Road and its environs are the heart of modern-day Old Trafford and a walk down this road gives a real flavour of the multi-cultural nature of the neighbourhood, with its variety of grocers' shops selling food stuffs from Europe , the Caribbean and Southeast Asia; its Catholic church, St. Alphonsus, frequented by a predominantly Irish congregation, the vibrant and busy St John's Community Centre and Shizhan House,
2852-558: The new art museum in South Kensington (which later became the V&A) – were appointed as contractors to build a temporary iron-and-glass structure similar to the Crystal Palace in London, 656 feet (200 m) long and 200 feet (61 m) wide, with one central barrel vault 56 feet (17 m) wide with a 24 feet (7.3 m) wide hip vault on either side roofing a 104 feet (32 m) wide central gallery running
2914-400: The new hall in what is now Trafford Park , some time between 1672 and 1720. The name of the area around Old Trafford Hall may subsequently have become shortened to Old Trafford. The old hall was demolished in 1939. In the 1820s, Manchester scientist John Dalton chose Old Trafford as the site for a Royal Horticultural and Botanical Gardens because of its clean, unpolluted air, and so began
2976-477: The new museums under construction in South Kensington. The building was entirely demolished by November 1858. Having cost over £37,000 in all, the materials comprising the building sold for little more than £7,000; internal fittings and decorations that cost £18,581 sold for £2,836. The site became part of Manchester Botanical Gardens, and was used to hold a Royal Jubilee Exhibition in 1887, to celebrate
3038-651: The northeastern tip of Stretford. The current Member of Parliament is Andrew Western of the Labour Party . In 2005, Trafford Council proposed to the Boundary Commission for England that the wards of Gorse Hill, Longford, and Clifford – which includes Old Trafford – should be moved into a new Salford and The Quays constituency, along with some other wards from Salford. At the subsequent public enquiry in November 2005, Beverley Hughes opposed
3100-485: The northwest soared above 30 per cent in some inner-city areas. Nearby Manchester Docks , which had also been a major source of local employment, closed in 1982. As the revitalised Salford Quays it has become an emblematic part of the regeneration of Manchester in general. Old Trafford was formerly a hamlet in the township of Stretford . It was in the Municipal Borough of Stretford until 1974. In 1974, as
3162-534: The population of Manchester at that time, many of whom visited on organised railway excursions. Its selection and display of artworks had a formative influence on the public art collections that were then being established in the UK, such as the National Gallery , National Portrait Gallery and the Victoria and Albert Museum . Manchester was a small provincial town in the medieval period, but by 1855 it
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#17327794913513224-481: The site of Lancashire County Cricket Club 's Old Trafford stadium since 1857. Before the club's formation, in 1864, it had been the home of Manchester Cricket Club , who had moved here in 1856. Manchester United F.C. 's ground, which is also known as Old Trafford , is close by. The ground of the Northern Lawn Tennis Club was in Old Trafford from 1882 to 1909 (near the cricket ground): this
3286-552: The towns and cities around Manchester, but also Shrewsbury, Preston, Leeds, Grimsby, Nottingham, and Lincoln. Thomas Cook had arranged excursions to the Great Exhibition in 1851 and the Paris Exhibition in 1855, and this time he organised "moonlight" excursions from Newcastle , leaving at midnight and returning late that evening. Friedrich Engels wrote to Karl Marx about the exhibition: "Everyone up here
3348-453: Was an industrial city with 95 cotton mills and 1,724 warehouses. It was visited by French historian Alexis de Tocqueville in 1835, who scathingly wrote: A sort of black smoke covers the city ... From this foul drain, the greatest stream of human industry flows out to fertilise the world. Manchester gained city status in 1853, and the exhibition was financed by the city's increasingly affluent business grandees, who were motivated by
3410-542: Was done by John Gregory Crace of London. A 24-foot (7.3 m) wide gallery ran around the transept at an upper level. The central third of each vault was glazed, providing ample diffuse light. In the summer, the glazing in the picture galleries was shaded with calico to prevent damage to the artworks, and firemen played water on the roof as a form of rudimentary air conditioning when the interior temperature exceeded 70 °F (21 °C). Young & Co's original quote of £24,500 proved over-optimistic, and cost overruns pushed
3472-468: Was first expressed in a letter sent on 10 February 1856 by John Connellan Deane, son of Irish architect Sir Thomas Deane and a commissioner for the 1853 Dublin Exhibition, to Thomas Fairbairn son of Manchester iron founder Sir William Fairbairn and a commissioner for the 1851 Great Exhibition. The concept quickly gained momentum: after an initial meeting on 26 March 1856, a guarantee fund of £74,000
3534-423: Was formed to participate in the first of these exhibitions. The site of the botanical gardens was purchased by White City Limited in 1907, and it subsequently became an amusement park, although the name lives on in the street called Botanical Gardens. From the 1950s to the 1970s, White City Stadium was used as a greyhound racing track and for stock car racing. This site is now White City Retail Park. The front entrance
3596-570: Was held in Bethnal Green , an industrial part of the East End of London , from 1872, designed specifically to attract working-class visitors. This was in what is now the V&;A Museum of Childhood , using prefabricated buildings moved from South Kensington. An exhibition was held at Manchester Art Gallery in 2007–08 to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Art Treasures Exhibition, and
3658-698: Was in the shape of a cross, with a central dome 150 feet (46 m) high and 90 feet (27 m) in diameter from which radiated four long galleries. Temporary sidings for the Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway were completed in 1886, to provide convenient access for visitors. Maxwell and Tuke were also the architects of the Manchester Exhibition in 1888. 53°27′42″N 2°17′04″W / 53.4617371°N 2.2843194°W / 53.4617371; -2.2843194 Old Trafford (district) Old Trafford
3720-521: Was soon underwritten by around 100 contributors, and Queen Victoria and Prince Albert granted their patronage. A General Committee established in May 1856, chaired by the Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire Lord Ellesmere (and, after his death in February 1857, by the Lord Overstone ), assisted by an Executive Committee chaired by Fairbairn. Deane was appointed as General Commissioner, on an annual salary of £1,000. The committee took artistic advice from German art historian Gustav Waagen , who had published
3782-439: Was the operator of a machine, as in a mill). Sales of season tickets raised more than £20,000, added to daily admission fees amounting to nearly £61,000. Another £8,111 was raised by selling over 160,000 catalogues, plus £239 from selling concert programmes. Almost £1,500 came from the charges for safe-keeping of personal effects at the cloakroom, and £3,346 from the refreshments contract. From gross receipts of £110,588 9s. 8d.,
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#17327794913513844-460: Was visited ceremonially by Queen Victoria on 29 June, during her second visit to Manchester , and then by the Queen and her entourage privately on 30 June. The exhibition ran until 17 October 1857, but was closed on Wednesday 7 October 1857 to mark a "day of humiliation" on account of the ongoing Indian Mutiny . Season tickets were sold in advance for 2 guineas (including admission on the two state ceremonial occasions) or 1 guinea (without). During
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