68-605: The Royal New Zealand Navy ( RNZN ; Māori : Te Taua Moana o Aotearoa , lit. 'Sea Warriors of New Zealand') is the maritime arm of the New Zealand Defence Force . The fleet currently consists of nine ships. The Navy had its origins in the Naval Defence Act 1913 , and the subsequent acquisition of the cruiser HMS Philomel , which by 1921 had been moored in Auckland as
136-407: A database of words and their translations. Later attempts utilized common phrases , which resulted in better grammatical structure and the capture of idioms, but with many words left in the original language. For translating synthetic languages , a morphosyntactic analyzer and synthesizer are required. The best systems today use a combination of the above technologies and apply algorithms to correct
204-662: A depot ship in Wellington Harbour for minesweepers. In 1921 she was transferred to Auckland for use as a training ship. The New Zealand Naval Forces passed to the control of Commander-in-Chief, China , after the Royal Navy forces in Australia came under Canberra's control in 1911. From 1921 to 1941 the force was known as the New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy . The cruiser Chatham along with
272-651: A dive and hydrographic vessel commissioned in 2019, which sank off the coast of Samoa on 6 October 2024, and HMNZS Matataua. HMNZS Matataua was a land-based unit (a stone frigate ) commissioned in 2017 (previously the Littoral Warfare Support Force, the Littoral Warfare Support Group, and most recently the Littoral Warfare Unit) with two operational groups, one for military hydrographic survey and
340-473: A great deal of difference between a literal translation of a poetic work and a prose translation. A literal translation of poetry may be in prose rather than verse but also be error-free. Charles Singleton's 1975 translation of the Divine Comedy is regarded as a prose translation. The term literal translation implies that it is probably full of errors, since the translator has made no effort to (or
408-649: A joke which dates back to 1956 or 1958. Another joke in the genre transforms "out of sight, out of mind" to "blind idiot" or "invisible idiot". HMNZS Achilles 1 inch deck HMNZS Achilles was a Leander -class light cruiser , the second of five in the class. She served in the Royal New Zealand Navy in the Second World War . She was launched in 1931 for the Royal Navy , loaned to New Zealand in 1936 and transferred to
476-456: A literal translation in preparing his translation of Dante 's Inferno (1994), as he does not know Italian. Similarly, Richard Pevear worked from literal translations provided by his wife, Larissa Volokhonsky, in their translations of several Russian novels. Literal translation can also denote a translation that represents the precise meaning of the original text but does not attempt to convey its style, beauty, or poetry. There is, however,
544-800: A part of the Royal Navy. The first ship given by the British government for the New Zealand Naval Forces was the cruiser HMS Philomel , which escorted New Zealand land forces to occupy the German colony of Samoa in 1914. Philomel saw further action under the command of the Royal Navy in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea , and the Persian Gulf . By 1917 she was worn out and was sent back to New Zealand where she served as
612-548: A sa voiture et sa voiture, ses serviettes et ses serviettes, sa bibliothèque et les siennes. " That does not make sense because it does not distinguish between "his" car and "hers". Often, first-generation immigrants create something of a literal translation in how they speak their parents' native language. This results in a mix of the two languages that is something of a pidgin . Many such mixes have specific names, e.g., Spanglish or Denglisch . For example, American children of German immigrants are heard using "rockingstool" from
680-404: A serious problem for machine translation . The term "literal translation" often appeared in the titles of 19th-century English translations of the classical Bible and other texts. Word-for-word translations ("cribs", "ponies", or "trots") are sometimes prepared for writers who are translating a work written in a language they do not know. For example, Robert Pinsky is reported to have used
748-755: A training ship. A slow buildup occurred during the interwar period , and then in December 1939 HMS Achilles fought alongside two other Royal Navy cruisers at the Battle of the River Plate against the German ship, Graf Spee . The first recorded maritime combat activity in New Zealand occurred off the northern tip of the South Island in December 1642. Māori in war canoes attacked and killed four seamen from Abel Tasman 's party, who were at
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#1732765230912816-456: Is a translation of a text done by translating each word separately without looking at how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. In translation theory , another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation). It is to be distinguished from an interpretation (done, for example, by an interpreter ). Literal translation leads to mistranslation of idioms , which can be
884-527: Is responsible for policing New Zealand's Exclusive Economic Zone, one of the largest in the world. In addition, the Patrol Force provides assistance to a range of civilian government agencies, including the Department of Conservation, New Zealand Customs and Police, Ministry of Fisheries and others. The Patrol Force consists of: The Littoral Warfare Support Force consisted of HMNZS Manawanui ,
952-579: Is unable to) convey correct idioms or shades of meaning, for example, but it can also be a useful way of seeing how words are used to convey meaning in the source language. A literal English translation of the German phrase " Ich habe Hunger " would be "I have hunger" in English, but this is clearly not a phrase that would generally be used in English, even though its meaning might be clear. Literal translations in which individual components within words or compounds are translated to create new lexical items in
1020-700: The Battle of Kolombangara . The extent of the damage to Leander saw her docked for repairs until the end of the war. As the war progressed, the size of the RNZN greatly increased, and by the end of the war, there were over 60 ships in commission. These ships participated as part of the British and Commonwealth effort against the Axis in Europe, and against the Japanese in the Pacific. They also played an important role in
1088-849: The HMAS ; Sydney . In response, a spokesperson for the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that China "handles foreign warships' transit through the Taiwan Strait in accordance with laws and regulations". On 29 September, the HMNZS Aotearoa took part in a joint maritime patrol with Australian, Filipino, Japanese and United States warships and aircraft in the disputed South China Sea , which has also been claimed by China. The Combat Force consists of two Anzac-class frigates: HMNZS Te Kaha and HMNZS Te Mana . Initially, two more frigates were planned, but this
1156-464: The NZ Police , and other government and civil agencies as requested and approved through Headquarters Joint Forces New Zealand . The Royal New Zealand Air Force operates eight Kaman SH-2G(I) Super Seasprite helicopters. These aircraft are part of No. 6 Squadron RNZAF based at RNZAF Base Auckland . The aircraft are operated by RNZN aviators and are assigned to RNZN ships as required. The roles of
1224-685: The New Zealand Wars : for example, a gunboat shelled fortified Māori pā from the Waikato River in order to defeat the Māori King Movement . In 1909 the New Zealand government decided to fund the purchase of the battlecruiser HMS New Zealand for the Royal Navy, which saw action throughout World War I in Europe. The passing of the Naval Defence Act 1913 created the New Zealand Naval Forces , still
1292-535: The "natural" sound of the translation. In the end, though, professional translation firms that employ machine translation use it as a tool to create a rough translation that is then tweaked by a human, professional translator. Douglas Hofstadter gave an example of a failure of machine translation: the English sentence "In their house, everything comes in pairs. There's his car and her car, his towels and her towels, and his library and hers." might be translated into French as " Dans leur maison, tout vient en paires. Il y
1360-470: The 38th parallel in Korea , the New Zealand government ordered two Loch-class frigates – Tutira and Pukaki to prepare to make for Korean waters, and for the whole of the war, at least two NZ vessels would be on station in the theater. On 3 July these two first ships left Devonport Naval Base , Auckland and joined other Commonwealth forces at Sasebo , Japan, on 2 August. These vessels served under
1428-639: The Cathedral at Port Stanley . Following the Atlantic battle, Achilles returned to Auckland , New Zealand, on 23 February 1940, where she underwent a refit until June. After German raider activity in the South Pacific in 1940 Achilles escorted the first Trans-Tasman commercial convoy, VK.1, composed of Empire Star , Port Chalmers , Empress of Russia , and Maunganui leaving Sydney 30 December 1940 for Auckland . After Japan entered
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#17327652309121496-435: The German word Schaukelstuhl instead of "rocking chair". Literal translation of idioms is a source of translators' jokes. One such joke, often told about machine translation , translates "The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak" (an allusion to Mark 14:38 ) into Russian and then back into English, getting "The vodka is good, but the meat is rotten". This is not an actual machine-translation error, but rather
1564-532: The NZDF states its primary mission as: The intermediate outcomes of the NZDF are listed as: The role of the navy is to fulfil the maritime elements of the missions of the NZDF. The RNZN has a role to help prevent any unrest occurring in New Zealand. This can be done by having a presence in overseas waters and assisting redevelopment in troubled countries. For example, any unrest in the Pacific Islands has
1632-650: The Navy has policed New Zealand's territorial waters and exclusive economic zone for fisheries protection. It also aids New Zealand's scientific activities in Antarctica, at Scott Base . One of the best-known roles that the RNZN played on the world stage was when the frigates Canterbury and Otago were sent by the Labour Government of Norman Kirk to Moruroa Atoll in 1973 to protest against French nuclear testing there. The frigates were sent into
1700-754: The Pacific Islands. A small motor boat, SMB Adventure , was operated from Resolution . Resolution carried some of the most advanced survey technology available. HMNZS Resolution was decommissioned at Devonport Naval Base on 27 April 2012. In October 2021 the Defence Force contributed HMNZS Te Kaha to the UK Carrier Strike Group 's transit through the South China Sea . This deployment sought to reiterate New Zealand's support for free international passage through
1768-537: The Pacific as well. Naval forces were utilised in the Bougainville , Solomon Islands and East Timor conflicts of the 1990s. The RNZN often participates in United Nations peacekeeping operations. The hydrographic survey ship of the RNZN until 2012 was HMNZS Resolution , succeeding the long-serving HMNZS Monowai . Resolution was used to survey and chart the sea around New Zealand and
1836-622: The Pacific, and was working with the United States Navy (USN) when damaged by a Japanese bomb off New Georgia . Following repair, she served alongside the British Pacific Fleet until the war's end. The New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy became the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) on 1 October 1941, in recognition of the fact that the naval force was now largely self-sufficient and independent of
1904-563: The RNZN "was still very much part of the Royal Navy supported by New Zealand tax-payers. The officer corps and senior specialist ratings were very dependent on loan and exchange RN personnel, while our own [New Zealand] officers and senior ratings were almost exclusively trained in the UK. We simply borrowed the RN's administrative regulations and amended them to local conditions. The Empire was alive and well. Operationally we were still very strongly tied to
1972-698: The RNZN are liable for service in the Royal New Zealand Naval Reserve. The Reserve has an active and inactive list. RNZN personnel can choose to serve four years in the Reserve on discharge. The primary reserve component of the RNZN is the Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNZNVR), which is organised into four units based in Auckland (with a satellite unit at Tauranga), Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin: At present civilians can join
2040-492: The RNZN to undertake. Approximately 1,400 days at sea are required to fulfil these roles annually. Roles include patrolling the exclusive economic zone , transport to offshore islands, and support for the New Zealand Customs Service . The RNZN formerly produced hydrographic information for Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) under a commercial contract arrangement, however with the decommissioning of
2108-470: The RNZNVR in one of three branches: Administration, Sea Service (for service on inshore patrol vessels), and Maritime Trade Organisation (formerly Naval Control of Shipping). In addition ex-regular force personnel can now join the RNZNVR in their former branch and, depending on time out of the service, rank. Literal translation Literal translation , direct translation , or word-for-word translation
Royal New Zealand Navy - Misplaced Pages Continue
2176-572: The Royal Navy. She was sold to the Indian Navy in 1948 and recommissioned as INS Delhi . She was scrapped in 1978. She was the second of five ships of the Leander -class light cruisers, designed as effective follow-ons to the York class . Upgraded to Improved Leander -class, she could carry an aircraft and was the first ship to carry a Supermarine Walrus , although both Walruses were lost before
2244-666: The Royal Navy. The Prime Minister Peter Fraser reluctantly agreed, though saying "now was not the time to break away from the old country". Ships thereafter were prefixed HMNZS (His/Her Majesty's New Zealand Ship). HMNZS Leander escorted the New Zealand Expeditionary Force to the Middle East in 1940 and was then deployed in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and the Indian Ocean. Leander
2312-480: The Second World War began. At one time she carried the unusual DH.82 Queen Bee which was a radio-controlled unmanned aircraft, normally used as a drone. Achilles was originally built for the Royal Navy, and was commissioned as HMS Achilles on 10 October 1933. She would serve with the Royal Navy's New Zealand Division from 31 March 1936 up to the creation of the Royal New Zealand Navy, into which she
2380-614: The South Atlantic. Canterbury was herself relieved by Waikato in August. At the close of the Cold War the RNZN had an escort force of four frigates ( HMNZS Waikato (F55) , HMNZS Wellington (F69) , HMNZS Canterbury (F421) , and HMNZS Southland (F104) ). Due to the cost of replacing four ships, the force was downsized to two. However, there was considerable political debate at times during
2448-542: The South China Sea, which has been claimed by China as part of its territorial waters. In June 2023, HMNZS Te Mana was confronted by two People's Liberation Army Navy frigates, helicopters, and four other vessels near the disputed Spratly Islands . In late September 2024, Defence Minister Judith Collins confirmed that the HMNZS Aotearoa had sailed through the disputed Taiwan Strait with
2516-558: The Southwest Pacific and Southern Ocean down to Antarctica as directed by government, and to meet New Zealand's responsibilities in its search and rescue area. Deployments further afield are conducted as required to meet the strategic intent of the Government of New Zealand. As of 30 June 2022, the RNZN consisted of 2,219 Regular Force personnel and 611 Naval Reserve personnel. All regular force personnel on discharge from
2584-530: The UK." Later the Navy return to Malayan waters during the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation . These operations were the RNZN's last large-scale operation with the Royal Navy. In a security crisis and threat to Malaysia and Sarawak and Brunei, two-thirds of the Royal Navy's operational warships were deployed from 1963 to the end of 1966 with Royalist , Taranaki , and Otago , heavily involved in boarding ships, shore patrols, presence, maintaining
2652-503: The best role for the RNZN in the Pacific was as part of the United States Navy , so operational control of the RNZN was transferred to the South West Pacific Area command , and its ships joined United States 7th Fleet taskforces. In 1943, the light cruiser HMS Gambia was transferred to the RNZN as HMNZS Gambia . In November 1944, the British Pacific Fleet , a joint British Commonwealth military formation ,
2720-537: The command of a British flag officer (seemingly Flag Officer Second in Command Far East Fleet ) and formed part of the US Navy screening force during the Battle of Inchon , performing shore raids and inland bombardment. Further RNZN Loch -class frigates joined these later – Rotoiti , Hawea , Taupo and Kaniere , as well as a number of smaller craft. Only one RNZN sailor was killed during
2788-554: The conflict – during the Inchon bombardments. The Navy later participated in the Malayan Emergency . In 1954 a New Zealand frigate, HMNZS Pukaki , carried out a bombardment of a suspected guerilla camp, while operating with the Royal Navy 's Far East Fleet – the first of a number of bombardments by RNZN ships over the next five years. Jack Welch , later to become Chief of Naval Staff decades later, wrote that in 1959,
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2856-629: The dedicated hydrographic survey ship HMNZS Resolution this has lapsed and the Navy now focuses on military hydrography. Hydrospatial information is still provided to LINZ but on an ad-hoc basis. Since 2001, both Anzac -class frigates have participated in the United States' Operation Enduring Freedom in the Persian Gulf and have conducted maritime patrol operations in support of American and allied efforts in Afghanistan . The RNZN routinely deploys within its primary area of operations of
2924-479: The defence of New Zealand, from German raiders , especially when the threat of invasion from Japan appeared imminent in 1942. Many merchant ships were requisitioned and armed for help in defence. One of these was HMNZS Monowai , which saw action against the Japanese submarine I-20 off Fiji in 1942. In 1941–1942, it was decided in an agreement between the New Zealand and United States governments that
2992-455: The early morning of 13 December 1939, a force consisting of Achilles , Ajax and Exeter detected smoke on the horizon, which was confirmed at 06:16 to be a pocket battleship , thought to be the German battleship Admiral Scheer but which turned out to be Admiral Graf Spee . A fierce battle ensued, at a range of about 11 nautical miles (20 km). Achilles suffered some damage. In
3060-406: The exchange of fire, four crew were killed, her captain, WE Parry, was wounded; 36 of Graf Spee ' s crew were killed. The range reduced to about 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) at around 07:15 and Graf Spee broke off the engagement around 07:45 to head for the neutral harbour of Montevideo which she entered at 22:00 that night, having been pursued by Achilles and Ajax all day. Graf Spee
3128-580: The first major naval battle of World War II, the Battle of the River Plate off the River Plate estuary between Argentina and Uruguay , in December 1939. Achilles and two other cruisers, HMS Ajax and HMS Exeter , severely damaged the German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee . The German Captain Hans Langsdorff then scuttled Graf Spee rather than face the loss of many more German seamen's lives. Achilles moved to
3196-430: The helicopters include: A number of non-commissioned auxiliary vessels are used for a number or littoral, support and training purposes. The RNZN operates a small number of autonomous underwater vehicles . The RNZN does not operate any ship-based unmanned aerial systems. However, according to a recent tender document, there exists some considerable scope for the acquisition of new systems. In its Statement of Intent,
3264-521: The mid-1990s about whether a third and fourth Anzac-class frigate should be procured. In the past three decades, the RNZN has operated in the Middle East a number of times. RNZN ships played a role in the Iran–Iraq War , aiding the Royal Navy in protecting neutral shipping in the Indian Ocean. Frigates were also sent to participate in the first Gulf War , and more recently Operation Enduring Freedom . The RNZN has played an important part in conflicts in
3332-526: The new Royal New Zealand Navy in 1941. She became famous for her part in the Battle of the River Plate , alongside HMS Ajax and HMS Exeter and notable for being the first Royal Navy cruiser to have fire control radar, with the installation of the New Zealand-made SS1 fire-control radar in June 1940. After Second World War service in the Atlantic and Pacific, she was returned to
3400-599: The now-independent states had become more distinctive. There was a growing wish and a need for separate identities, particularly if one Dominion was engaged in hostilities where another was not. Thus, in 1968, the RNZN adopted its own ensign, which retained the Union Flag in a top quarter but replaces the St George's Cross with the Southern Cross constellation that is displayed on the national flag. Since 1946
3468-552: The other clearance diving, and a logistics support group. Detachments from Matataua embarked on Manawanui when the ship was conducting survey and/or diving operations. Matataua was responsible for ensuring access to and the use of harbours, inshore waters and associated littoral zones through shallow water and coastal survey, mine-countermeasures and explosive ordnance disposal, beach survey and reconnaissance in support of amphibious operations, and underwater engineering. Matataua also provided underwater search and recovery support to
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#17327652309123536-399: The potential blast zone of the weapons, where both ships witnessed one airburst test each which forced France to then change to underground testing. In May 1982 Prime Minister Rob Muldoon seconded the frigate Canterbury to the Royal Navy for the duration of the Falklands War . Canterbury was deployed to the Armilla Patrol in the Persian Gulf , to relieve a British frigate for duty in
3604-420: The potential to affect New Zealand because of the large Pacific Island population. The stability of the South Pacific is considered in the interest of New Zealand. The navy has participated in peace-keeping and peace-making in East Timor , Bougainville and the Solomon Islands , supporting land-based operations. The 2002 Maritime Forces Review identified a number of roles that other government agencies required
3672-465: The sailors in the RNZN were involved in the mutinies. The resulting manpower shortage forced the RNZN to remove the light cruiser Black Prince , one of their most powerful warships, from service and set the navy's development and expansion back by a decade. Despite this impact, the size and scope of the events have been downplayed over time. RNZN ships participated in the Korean War . On 29 June, just four days after 135,000 North Korean troops crossed
3740-469: The same time, backdated to 9.30 pm on 3 September local time. But the gathering in Parliament in Carl Berendsen 's room (including Peter Fraser ) could not follow Chamberlain's words because of static on the shortwave and waited until the Admiralty notified the fleet that war had broken out before Cabinet approved the declaration of war (the official telegram from Britain was delayed and arrived just before midnight). HMS Achilles participated in
3808-607: The sloop Veronica arrived in 1920, Philomel was transferred to the Division in 1921, as was the sloop Torch , HMS Laburnum arrived in 1922 and then HMS Dunedin in 1924. HMS Diomede and the minesweeper HMS Wakakura arrived in 1926. Between World War I and World War II, the New Zealand Division operated a total of 14 ships, including the cruisers HMS Achilles (joined 31 March 1937) and HMS Leander , which replaced Diomede and Dunedin (replaced by Leander in 1937). When Britain went to war against Germany in 1939, New Zealand officially declared war at
3876-479: The target language (a process also known as "loan translation") are called calques , e.g., beer garden from German Biergarten . The literal translation of the Italian sentence, " So che questo non va bene " ("I know that this is not good"), produces "(I) know that this not (it) goes well", which has English words and Italian grammar . Early machine translations (as of 1962 at least) were notorious for this type of translation, as they simply employed
3944-403: The time in low boats between the main ships. The New Zealand Navy did not exist as a separate military force until 1941. The association of the Royal Navy with New Zealand began with the arrival of James Cook in 1769, who completed two subsequent journeys to New Zealand in 1773 and 1777. Occasional visits by Royal Navy ships were made from the late 18th century. The Royal Navy played a part in
4012-458: The top off X turret, killing 13 sailors. Between April 1943 and May 1944 Achilles was docked in Portsmouth , England for repairs and modernisation. Her single 4-inch AA guns were replaced by the dual-purpose QF 4 inch Mk XVI naval gun in four twin mountings, modern radar was fitted, and the damaged X turret was replaced by four QF 2 pom poms in a quadruple-mount. The work was delayed by a dockyard explosion that killed 14 men. Stoker William Dale
4080-401: The use of seaways and support of the RN's amphibious carriers. The commitment, wrote Welch, "involved the whole fleet, as ships rotated though Pearl Harbor for workup with the USN before deploying on to the Far East to relieve ships on station." Until the 1960s the RNZN had, in common with other Dominion navies, flown the White Ensign as a common ensign. After 1945, the foreign policies of
4148-414: The war, she escorted troop convoys, then joined the ANZAC Squadron in the south-west Pacific. Achilles met HMAS Canberra , flagship of Rear-Admiral John G. Crace , and HMAS Perth in December 1941 to form an escort for the Pensacola Convoy . While operating off Guadalcanal Island with US Navy Task Force 67 on 5 January 1943, she was attacked by four Japanese aircraft. A bomb blew
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#17327652309124216-558: Was awarded the Albert Medal for Lifesaving for his actions in saving the lives of several dockyard workers. Sent back to the New Zealand Fleet, Achilles next joined the British Pacific Fleet in May 1945 for final operations in the Pacific War . After the war, Achilles was returned to the Royal Navy at Sheerness in Kent, England on 17 September 1946. She was then sold to the Indian Navy and recommissioned on 5 July 1948 as INS Delhi . She remained in service until decommissioned for scrap in Bombay on 30 June 1978. In 1968 she
4284-530: Was cancelled due to the political pressure surrounding defence expenditure following the New Zealand breakup of military relations with ANZUS in 1986. Both ships are based at the Devonport Naval Base in Auckland. HMNZS Te Kaha was commissioned on 26 July 1997 and HMNZS Te Mana on 10 December 1999. The specifications and armaments of the two ships are identical. Both ships completed refits in 2020 and 2022 respectively. The Patrol Force consists of two offshore and two inshore patrol vessels. The Patrol Force
4352-409: Was forced by international law to leave within 72 hours. Faced with what he believed to be overwhelming odds, the captain of Graf Spee , Hans Langsdorff , scuttled his ship rather than risk the lives of his crew. An ensign flag flown by HMNZS Achilles in the Battle of the River Plate was donated to Christ Church Cathedral in the Falkland Islands and is still on display hanging on the south wall of
4420-488: Was formed, based in Sydney, Australia . Most RNZN ships, including Gambia and Achilles , were transferred to the BPF. They took part in the Battle of Okinawa and operations in the Sakishima Islands , near Japan. In August 1945, HMNZS Gambia was New Zealand's representative at the surrender of Japan . During April 1947 a series of non-violent mutinies occurred amongst the sailors and non-commissioned officers of four RNZN ships and two shore bases. Overall, up to 20% of
4488-399: Was present at the granting of independence to Mauritius representing the Indian Government together with the Royal Navy frigate Tartar under Captain Cameron Rusby. As part of the scrapping her Y turret was removed and presented as a gift to the New Zealand government. It is now on display at the entrance of Devonport Naval Base in Auckland . On 22 January 1979, Admiral Jal Cursetji ,
4556-415: Was subjected to air and naval attack from Axis forces, conducted bombardments, and escorted convoys. In February 1941, Leander sank the Italian auxiliary cruiser Ramb I in the Indian Ocean. In 1943, after serving further time in the Mediterranean, Leander returned to the Pacific Ocean. She assisted in the destruction of the Japanese cruiser Jintsu and was seriously damaged by torpedoes during
4624-480: Was transferred in September 1941 and recommissioned HMNZS Achilles . About 60 per cent of her crew was from New Zealand. At the outbreak of the Second World War, Achilles began patrolling the west coast of South America looking for German merchant ships, but by 22 October 1939 she had arrived at the Falkland Islands , where she was assigned to the South American Division under Commodore Henry Harwood and allocated to Force G (with Exeter and Cumberland ). In
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