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49-637: In 1790, Sub-Lt Don Manuel Quimper of the Spanish navy anchored his ship Princess Royal there and claimed the territory for Carlos IV . He called the roads Rada de Valdes y Bazan. Royal Roads was given the name Royal Bay by Captain Henry Kellett of the British survey ship HMS Herald . An 1861 map of Victoria by Joseph Despard Pemberton shows Royal Roads labelled "Royal Bay". Walbran describes "Roads" as an "area frequented by shipping, being

98-737: A "pacification" campaign well into 1816 to forcibly suppress and end the rebellion across the Intendancy of Puno. By 1816, Quimper takes his place in Huamanga as the local governor. While Quimper was in Spain, his son Colonel Manuel Quimper, was fighting for the Spanish cause in Peru. He had been serving in Upper Peru until named the commander-in-chief of Spanish forces of the southern coast of Peru on 9 February 1820. The young Manuel Quimper suffered

147-838: A Spanish treasury minister to oversee emperial disbursements in Veracruz . In 1805 he was appointed the governor of Huamanga (later renamed Ayacucho ) in the southern part of his native Peru , but due to a confusing incident involving the newly appointed Viceroy of Peru , José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa , he instead became the governor of the Peruvian Intendancy of Puno on Lake Titicaca . During his term as governor ( Intendente ) of Puno an independence movement emerged of which Quimper warned Viceroy Abascal in July 1809. Quimper's own carefully guarded collection of papers, maps, manuscripts, and books were destroyed in an uprising of

196-600: A convenient and free rendezvous for vessels seeking freight or waiting orders." Esquimalt Lagoon is a beach and wildlife preserve with a view of Hatley Castle, Royal Roads University in the background. A small plaque on a concrete cairn in the shore of the Esquimalt Lagoon outlines its history. "Royal Roads - To seaward lies an anchorage or roadstead first used in 1790 by the Spanish and named in 1846 for its location between Albert Head and Victoria. Unloading place for large vessels serving Victoria in days of sail, it

245-468: A hurricane causing the Valdés to return to Manila. Quimper continued on to San Blas. His ship was badly damaged by the weather and he did not arrive until nearly six months later on 6 November 1792. He learned that on 15 October, orders had been issued granting him permission to marry Francisca Márquez, and appointing him as special assistant to his countryman and friend Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra ,

294-598: A legal right to the Spanish throne because Philip's grandfather, King Louis XIV of France and Charles's father, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor , were sons of Charles II's aunts, Anne and Maria Anna . Philip claimed primogeniture because Anne was older than Maria Anna. However, Philip IV had stipulated in his will the succession should pass to the Austrian Habsburg line, and the Austrian branch also claimed that Maria Theresa , Philip's grandmother, had renounced

343-689: A major defeat while defending the city of Nazca and was forced to flee to the coast in October 1820. Meanwhile in Madrid the senior Quimper received the military honor of La Cruz de San Hermenegildo in 1820. Quimper also began to receive recognition for his literary talent. In 1821 Imprenta Alvarez published his 180-page manuscript of Décima poetry entitled Laicas vivacidades de Quimper, antorcha peruana, acaecimientos del Perú en civiles guerras, promovidas por el Reino de Buenos-Ayres, desde el año 1809 hasta el de 1818 , describing his personal observations of

392-482: A provisional government and a regency headed by Francisco Serrano y Domínguez from 8 October 1868 until 2 January 1871 was established. Amadeo was elected as king and the new title used was King of Spain, by the Grace of God and will of the nation . Isabella II's eldest son was restored to the throne as she had abdicated in his favour in 1870. Constitutional King of Spain . On 1 October 1936, General Francisco Franco

441-639: A publication of the Sociedad Académica de Amantes de Lima, published a letter he had apparently written to a brother in Lima during his 1790 stay at Nootka Sound. Following his university studies, Quimper was assigned to the frigate Áquila on a mission to re-affirm Spanish sovereignty over the island of Tahiti in the South Pacific and in the latter part of 1777 to deliver lumber from Guayaquil for naval construction at Callao. In late 1780 he

490-488: A semblance of his Spanish names include Port Angeles , Rosario Strait , Quimper Peninsula , and Fidalgo Island . During Quimper's 1791 expedition to northern Puget Sound Quimper's sloop Eliza stopped in the southern area of Bellingham Bay (Gulfo de Gaston). During this brief encampment near the mouth of present day Padden Creek, several of Quimper's men reportedly ran across a group of hostile natives (Lummi) who drove Quimper's men back to their rowboat. In later years during

539-482: A tense encounter with James Colnett, the British commander at Nootka, on 1 April 1791. Colnett demanded an explanation from Quimper as to why the Princesa Real had not yet been returned to the British and Quimper informed him of the plans to return it at Macau. Colnett threatened to seize the ship then and there, but when he observed Quimper preparing for combat he backed down. Quimper continued his exploration of

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588-525: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Manuel Quimper Manuel Quimper Benítez del Pino (c. 1757 – April 2, 1844) was a Spanish Peruvian explorer , cartographer , naval officer, and colonial official. He participated in charting the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Sandwich Islands in the late 18th century. He was later appointed a colonial governor in his native Peru at

637-610: Is reported to have become a Peruvian "Patriot" in 1823. The government of the Republic of Peru named him a naval commander in 1827 and later a captain. He continued his literary pursuits and wrote the poem Poema raro , segments of which were published in La Gazeta de Lima . He died in Lima in April 1844. Kings of Spain This is a list of monarchs of Spain , a dominion started with

686-464: The British explorer John Meares had established a fur trading post on Nootka Sound. Spain considered this settlement an invasion of Spanish territory and had dispatched Martínez to occupy the port the following year. Martínez arrived in 1789 with warships, seized the port and some vessels, including the sloop Princess Royal which he renamed the Princesa Real . The sloop was dispatched to San Blas at

735-524: The Nueva Planta decrees . Under Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, their royal dynasties were united into a single line. Historiography of Spain generally treats this as the formation of the Kingdom of Spain, but officially speaking, the two kingdoms continued with their own separate institutions for more than two centuries. It was not until the Nueva Planta decrees of 1707–1716 that

784-573: The Princesa Real was repaired with no sign of the British. Quimper then used the vessel to carry out a two-month exploration of the north and south coasts of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. During June and July he charted and named many geographic features along the south shore of Vancouver Island and the north coast of the Olympic Peninsula . He was the first European to report seeing Mount Baker , which he named La Gran Montagna Carmelita. On

833-518: The dynastic union of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain — Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile . The regnal numbers follow those of the rulers of Asturias, León, and Castile. Thus, Alfonso XII is numbered in succession to Alfonso XI of Castile . The following seven lineages were eventually united by the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella. Although Aragon and Castile continued to be separate, they were ruled together until

882-463: The "Introducción" to this book he attempted to explain himself and his return to Spain, citing his naval service to Spain since adolescence, and the fact that he had been treated as an American in Spain, and as a Spaniard in Peru. Quimper longed to return to his native land of Peru and in February 1822 took steps to assure sympathetic treatment there upon his return. He returned shortly thereafter and

931-516: The "main revolutionary.". As Quimper desperately tries to quell the mass-insurrection throughout his territory, the Cusco Rebellion explodes onto the scene on August 3, 1814. Within weeks, the patriot army arrives from Cusco to Puno. Quimper relates how in the middle of the night of August 24, 1814, he was informed that the city garrison had defected to the patriot cause. Quimper flees for his life to Arequipa, where he goes into hiding until

980-617: The Olympic Peninsula he traded with and observed the customs of indigenous people near Dungeness (which he named Bahia de Quimper) and near the Elwha River , which were most likely members of the S'Klallam tribe in both instances and he was possibly the first European they had seen. Most of his discoveries along the strait were renamed by British Captain George Vancouver in 1792. Those which retained at least

1029-604: The Spanish General Ramirez marches from Oruro and restores royalist control in Puno and then Arequipa (December 9, 1814). Id. While Ramirez confronts the main patriot army on the return to Cusco, he sends Quimper back to Puno to maintain order. On March 11, 1815 Quimper sends an ill-fated royalist expedition to nearby Capachica. The entire royalist expedition is massacred. Ramirez sacks Quimper, and replaces him with Col. Francisco de Paula Gonzalez, who will lead

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1078-524: The Spanish navy stationed at Callao, Peru , and participated in the exploration of Chiloé Island . In April 1771, with the endorsement of Peruvian Viceroy Manuel de Amat y Juniet , he was accepted at the Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Marcos in Lima, where he studied mathematics and their nautical applications, graduating in June 1774. Little is known of Quimper's family. In 1792, El Mercurio Peruano ,

1127-636: The Spanish throne for herself and her descendants as part of her marriage contract. This was countered by the French claim that it was on the basis of a dowry that had never been paid. After a long council meeting where the Dauphin spoke up in favour of his son's rights, it was agreed that Philip would ascend the throne. Following this, the War of the Spanish Succession broke out and Archduke Charles

1176-455: The beginning of the fight for independence there. He retired to Spain , but was able to return to Peru where he served as a naval officer in the new republic and pursued a literary career, publishing over 20 books about his experiences before his death there in Lima. Quimper was born in Lima, Peru to a French father and Spanish mother. At the age of thirteen he became a cadet with a company of

1225-845: The civil wars in Peru from 1809 to 1818. Still showing regret over the loss of the documents which had been destroyed at Puno, at the end of 1821 he solicited the endorsement of José de Bustamante , the director-general of the National Armada, for the publication of a recounting of his experiences aboard the Atrevida in Manila Bay thirty years earlier. He apparently received no support from Bustamante. Nevertheless, in 1822 Quimper published in Madrid his book Islas Sandwich: Descripción sucinta de este archipiélago , which had been previously published in El Mercurio Peruano . In

1274-641: The command of Bruno de Heceta , a veteran explorer who had also explored the Pacific Northwest of America. He soon asked for the governorship of Guayaquil , but was instead given command of the naval fleet at Madrid, a position he maintained until 1802. He was then appointed the Minister of the Treasury in Veracruz and so returned to America in a ministerial position. Quimper was appointed in 1802

1323-547: The construction of a powerhouse along the creek in Victorian era Fairhaven a gilded Spanish goblet and the deteriorated remains of a Spanish type musket were recovered. Modern archaeological studies of the area have not been documented concerning the presence of Quimper and his men. Quimper returned to Nootka Sound in early August but was unable to enter the port for several days due to heavy fog. He set sail for New Spain and arrived at Monterey on 1 September 1790. From there he

1372-628: The court of King Carlos III in Madrid for four months before returning to sea assigned to the protection of the Gulf of Cádiz . The Spanish court was becoming increasingly concerned about British and Russian incursions along the Pacific Northwest coast of North America. Seven naval officers were dispatched to learn of British and Russian intentions. These included Quimper and his fellow Peruvian Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra , who

1421-515: The disposition of New Spain Viceroy Revillagigedo . The Viceroy, however, wished to avoid further difficulties with the British and ordered Quimper to return the vessel. On 3 February 1790, a Spanish expedition sailed north from San Blas under the command of Ship Lieutenant Francisco de Eliza , the most senior officer available at San Blas. It included Ship Lieutenant Salvador Fidalgo , and Ship Ensign Manuel Quimper. Their purpose

1470-468: The imprisoned Ferdinand VII as king. This government was diplomatically recognized as the legitimate Spanish government by Britain and other countries at war with France. Charles IV's eldest son was restored to the throne. Again, the title used was king of Castile, Leon, Aragon,… by the Grace of God . After the Spanish Revolution of 1868 deposed Isabella II, while a new monarch was sought,

1519-563: The islands of Hawaii , Maui , and Oahu , and, on 19 April 1791, set sail for the Philippines . Quimper arrived at the Cavite naval base on Manila Bay on 4 June 1791. He handed over the ship to Vicente Llanos y Valdés, a relative of the Minister of the Navy. The Princesa Real was returned to Macau on 12 August 1791, but a strong hurricane soon struck there badly damaging the ship, and it

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1568-552: The local people. He was removed as governor at the end of January 1810. His successor, Manuel Antonio Nieto, died within months and Quimper returned to Puno as governor in June 1810. In early 1813, Quimper was at the center of the political storm that began brewing in southern Peru with the elections promulgated by the Constitution of Cadiz (1812). Elected officials in various towns (notably Puno and Azangaro) almost immediately began asserting local control and directly challenged

1617-402: The naval commander at San Blas, who was in failing health but did not want to resign his command while the international situation was deteriorating and war was likely. He held this position until February 1794 when Bordega y Quadra died. Quimper himself was in poor health and was therefore granted permission in June 1795 to return to Spain. While waiting at Veracruz to embark on this voyage he

1666-557: The prior Spanish monarch with that name. In the year 1700, Charles II died. His will named the 16-year-old Philip, Duke of Anjou , the grandson of Charles's sister Maria Theresa of Spain , as his successor to the whole Spanish Empire . Upon any possible refusal of the undivided Spanish possessions, the Crown of Spain would be offered next to Philip's younger brother Charles, Duke of Berry , or, next, to Archduke Charles of Austria . Both claimants, both Charles of Austria and Philip, had

1715-455: The restoration of the monarchy in 1947, he did not allow the pretender, Juan, Count of Barcelona , to take the throne. Instead, 22 years later, in 1969, he declared as his successor Juan Carlos , Prince of Spain and son of the Count of Barcelona. This succession took place upon Franco's death in 1975, when Juan Carlos became King of Spain. A three-year transition to democracy followed during which

1764-457: The royalist command. Quimper then writes to the Vicerroy that descended upon Puno "is a spirit of anarchy found among many individuals in this capital who shroud themselves with the wise Constitution.". Quimper provides an account of the subsequent events that lead to a massive uprising across the Intendancy. In the city of Puno, he later identified the elected mayor Benito Laso de la Vega as

1813-482: The thrones were left permanently united to Philip II of Spain and successors. Traditional numbering of monarchs follows the Castillian crown; i.e. after King Ferdinand (II of Aragon and V of Castile jure uxoris as husband of Queen of Castille Isabella I), the next Ferdinand was numbered VI. Likewise, Alfonso XII takes his number following that of Alfonso XI of Castile rather than that of Alfonso V of Aragon ,

1862-603: The two lands were formally merged into a single state. Following the deaths of Isabella (1504) and Ferdinand (1516), their daughter Joanna inherited the Spanish kingdoms. However, she was kept prisoner at Tordesillas due to an alleged mental disorder. As Joanna's son, Charles I (the future Holy Roman Emperor Charles V), did not want to be merely a regent, he proclaimed himself king of Castile and Aragon jointly with his mother. Subsequently, Castilian and Aragonese Cortes recognized him as co-monarch along with his mother. Upon her death, he became sole King of Castile and Aragon, and

1911-626: Was Joseph I , imposed by his brother Napoleon I of France after Charles IV and Ferdinand VII had abdicated . The title used by Joseph I was King of the Spains and the Indias, by the Grace of God and the Constitution of the State . He was also later given all of the titles of the previous kings. A government in opposition to the French was formed in Cádiz on 25 September 1808, which continued to recognize

1960-629: Was also proclaimed king of Spain, as Charles III, in opposition to Philip V. He was proclaimed in Vienna, and also in Madrid in the years 1706 and 1710. Charles renounced his claims to the Spanish throne in the Treaty of Rastatt of 1714, but was allowed the continued use of the styles of a Spanish monarch for his lifetime. Philip ascended the Spanish throne but had to renounce his claim to the throne of France for himself and his descendants. (11 years, 9 months and 20 days) The only monarch from this dynasty

2009-580: Was joined by Fidalgo aboard the San Carlos . They arrived at San Blas on 13 November 1790. Viceroy Revillagigedo was surprised to learn that the Princesa Real was still in Spanish possession. He dispatched a message to the Court in Madrid recommending the return of the vessel to the British at Macau and sent a report of Quimper's explorations in the Pacific Northwest with nine of his charts. Quimper

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2058-486: Was later sold for salvage. Spanish explorer Alessandro Malaspina returned to Manila from his exploration of the Marianas Islands and Quimper helped to create charts of his findings. On 21 May 1792, Quimper was given command of the frigate San José de las Ánimas and sailed for San Blas, accompanied by the schooner Valdés under the command of Lieutenant Cosme Bertadano. The two vessels were soon separated by

2107-597: Was named commander of the Naval Department of San Blas . They departed from Cadiz aboard the San Ramon in May 1789. Shortly after their arrival at Veracruz , the seven were transferred to San Blas. In July 1789 they received news from the Pacific Northwest with the arrival of the Princesa Real , a fur-trading vessel captured from the British at Nootka Sound by Spanish commander Esteban José Martinez . In 1788

2156-447: Was named the captain of the corvette Atrevida and sailed on this ship to Cádiz while it was still under the command of Malaspina. Quimper apparently never took command of the Atrevida because while it was at the port of Cádiz, he requested and was granted a transfer to Madrid to attend to personal matters. Eight months later he was inducted into the prestigious Orden Militar de Calatrava . Quimper then served at Algeciras under

2205-523: Was once a scene of disaster. On April 1, 1883 a southeasterly gale swept the haven, beaching the ships Southern Chief, Gettysburg, Connaught and Tiger. Province of British Columbia. Erected by the Thermopylae Club 1973." 48°24′36″N 123°27′36″W  /  48.410°N 123.46°W  / 48.410; -123.46 This article about a location on the Coast of British Columbia , Canada

2254-737: Was proclaimed "Leader of Spain" ( Spanish : Caudillo de España ) in the parts of Spain controlled by the Nationalists ( nacionales ) after the Spanish Civil War broke out. At the end of the war, on 1 April 1939, Franco took control of the whole of Spain, ending the Second Republic. The 36-year period that followed would be officially called the Estado Español , or the Spanish State. Although Franco proclaimed

2303-612: Was promoted to Frigate Ensign (Alférez de Fragata) and assigned the transport of food from Callao to Talcahuano . Two years later he was sent to chart the Juan Fernández Islands in the South Pacific and upon his return to port at Valparaiso received recognition for his cartographic skills. In 1786 he embarked on a four-month sail to the Spanish port of Cádiz . Within a month he had been promoted to Ship Ensign (Alférez de Navío) and received permission to serve at

2352-579: Was promoted to Frigate Lieutenant. On 14 February 1791, Quimper set sail aboard the Princesa Real with orders from San Blas commander Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra to chart the Sandwich Islands and then turn the vessel over to the Philippines Governor-General Félix Berenguer de Marquina , who would then have it returned to the British at Macau. While exploring the Sandwich Islands he had

2401-471: Was to strengthen the settlement at Nootka Sound , to further chart the waters of the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the San Juan Islands , and to return the Princesa Real to the British. After several weeks at sea, the Princesa Real and Quimper arrived with difficulty at Nootka Sound where repairs on the vessel were undertaken before returning the ship to the British. Throughout the month of May

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