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24-652: The Rozengracht is one of the six former canals in the Jordaan. The reasons for filling in the 17th-century canal in 1890 were poor hygiene from polluted water, and the need for a broad exit road to the new neighborhoods west of the Singel canal. De Clercqstraat was built in 1895 as a westward extension of the Rozengracht. To the east, in the direction of the Dam , the street continues into Raadhuisstraat . The first tram drove

48-462: A road toll granted by the count of Holland Floris V to the residents apud Amestelledamme 'at the dam in the Amstel' or 'at the dam of Amstelland'. As the dam was gradually built up it became wide enough for a town square, which remained the core of the town developing around it. Dam Square as it exists today grew out of what was originally two squares: the actual dam, called Middeldam , on which

72-432: Is a water channel containing a sluice gate , a type of lock to manage the water flow and water level. It can also be an open channel which processes material, such as a river sluice used in gold prospecting or fossicking . A mill race , leet , flume , penstock or lade is a sluice channeling water toward a water mill . The terms sluice , sluice gate , knife gate , and slide gate are used interchangeably in

96-586: Is roughly rectangular in shape, stretching about 200 metres (650 ft) from west to east and about 100 metres (350 ft) from north to south. It links the streets Damrak and Rokin , which run along the original course of the Amstel River from Centraal Station to Muntplein (Mint Square) and the Munttoren (Mint Tower). The Dam also marks the endpoint of the other well-traveled streets Nieuwendijk , Kalverstraat and Damstraat. A short distance beyond

120-769: The Dam square in Amsterdam. In the Grote Club , on the corner of Kalverstraat and Paleisstraat, members of the German Kriegsmarine watched as the crowd below their balcony grew and people danced and cheered. The Germans then placed a machine gun on the balcony and started shooting into the crowds. The motives behind the shooting have remained unclear; the Germans were drunk and possibly angered because contrary to previous agreement Dutch police had arrested members of

144-607: The Dam was the most important tram hub of Amsterdam. After 1900, this function moved to the Central Station, at the other end of the Damrak. Over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, Amsterdam's main square became a "national" square well known to nearly everyone in the Netherlands. It has frequently been the location of demonstrations and events of all kinds, and a meeting place for many people. On 4 May every year,

168-571: The Dam – Bilderdijkstraat route in 1896. This horse tram line was extended in 1900 to Eerste Constantijn Huijgensstraat. In 1902 the line was electrified and brought up to standard track width, and became line #3. Two years later, the Amsterdam – Haarlem – Zandvoort tram line was created by the Electrische Spoorweg-Maatschappij (ESM) company on the Raadhuisstraat - Rozengracht - De Clercqstraat route. This line

192-690: The Dutch celebrate National Memorial Day ( Nationale Dodenherdenking ), in observance of which the last addition to the square, the National Monument , was set up in 1956. A funfair was held on Dam Square for several years. On 6 December 2003, Bulgarian mobster Konstantin "Samokovetsa" Dimitrov was shot dead on Dam Square. On 7 November 2024, a series of attacks occurred against fans of Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. at Dam Square during their UEFA Europa League match against AFC Ajax . Sluice A sluice ( / s l u s / SLOOS )

216-482: The German military. The shooting finally came to an end after a member of the Dutch resistance climbed into the tower of the royal palace and started shooting onto the balcony and into the club. At that moment, a German officer together with a Resistance commander found their way into the club and convinced the men to surrender. At the brink of peace, 120 people were badly injured and 22 pronounced dead. In 2013, evidence

240-464: The capital and most populated city of the Netherlands . Its notable buildings and frequent events make it one of the best-known and most important locations in the city and the country. Dam Square lies in the historical center of Amsterdam, approximately 750 metres (2,500 ft) south of the main transportation hub, Centraal Station , at the original location of the dam in the river Amstel . It

264-453: The dam formed the first connection between the settlements on the sides of the river. The dam was originally built with a discharge sluice to allow control of the water level of the newly dammed river, but would soon be rebuilt with locks which also permitted navigation between the dammed river and the new harbor, the Damrak . The settlement first appeared in a document from 1275, concerning

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288-407: The material is sometimes screened using a trommel , screening plant or sieve. Traditional sluices have transverse riffles over a carpet or rubber matting, which trap the heavy minerals, gemstones, and other valuable minerals. Since the early 2000s more miners and prospectors are relying on more modern and effective matting systems. The result is a concentrate which requires additional processing. In

312-515: The most common hydraulic structures used to control or measure the flow in open channels. Vertical rising sluice gates are the most common in open channels and can operate under two flow regimes: free flow and submerged flow. The most important depths in designing of sluice gates are: In the mountains of the United States, sluices transported logs from steep hillsides to downslope sawmill ponds or yarding areas. Nineteenth-century logging

336-633: The newly converted Royal Palace, complained that his view was obstructed. The Damrak, or the former mouth of the Amstel River, was partially filled in the 19th century; since then, the Dam square has been surrounded by land on all sides. The new land made room for the Beurs van Zocher, a stock exchange that was built in 1837. After the stock trade moved to the Beurs van Berlage in 1903, the Zocher building

360-539: The northeast corner lies the main red-light district : De Wallen . On the west end of the square is the neoclassical Royal Palace , which served as the city hall from 1655 until its conversion to a royal residence in 1808. Beside it are the 15th-century Gothic Nieuwe Kerk (New Church) and the Madame Tussauds Amsterdam Wax Museum. The National Monument , a white stone pillar designed by J.J.P. Oud and erected in 1956 to memorialize

384-497: The victims of World War II , dominates the opposite side of the square. Also overlooking the plaza are the NH Grand Hotel Krasnapolsky and the upscale department store De Bijenkorf . These various attractions have turned the Dam into a tourist zone. The Dam derives its name from its original function: a dam on the Amstel River, hence also the name of the city of Amsterdam. Built in approximately 1270,

408-541: The water and wastewater control industry. "Sluice gate" refers to a movable gate allowing water to flow under it. When a sluice is lowered, water may spill over the top, in which case the gate operates as a weir . Usually, a mechanism drives the sluice up or down. This may be a simple, hand-operated, chain pulled/lowered, worm drive or rack-and-pinion drive , or it may be electrically or hydraulically powered. A flap sluice, however, operates automatically, without external intervention or inputs. Sluice gates are one of

432-465: Was also a busy bus route. In 1986, for example, in addition to three tram lines, there were two city bus lines and seven regional bus lines. Since 16 July 2018 all bus lines, except night buses, have disappeared and since 22 July 2018 only tram lines 13 and 17 have been running. Dam Square Dam Square or the Dam ( Dutch pronunciation: [dɑm] ) is a town square in Amsterdam ,

456-416: Was brought to light that suggested the number may have been higher: possibly 33 people died, and there were 10 more unconfirmed possible victims. Dam Square was the central scene of the largest post-war civil disturbance in the Netherlands during the Amsterdam coronation riots on 30 April 1980. Several tram lines traverse the Dam and have stops there. In the time of the horse tram (end 19th century),

480-528: Was demolished. In its place, De Bijenkorf department store has stood since 1914. In 1856, a war memorial named De Eendracht (The Unity) was unveiled inside the square before King William III . A stone column with a female statue on top, the monument acquired the nickname "Naatje of the Dam". It was taken down in 1914. During World War II , the Netherlands were occupied by Nazi Germany . On 7 May 1945, two days after German capitulation , thousands of Dutch people were waiting for Canadian troops to arrive on

504-451: Was located a large fish market ( vismarkt ) where ships moored at the dam to load and unload goods; and Plaetse , an adjacent plaza to the west. The area became a centre not only of commercial activity but also of the government, as the site of Amsterdam's town hall . As a market square , the Dam had a weigh house that can be seen in some old paintings. It was demolished in 1808 by order of Louis Bonaparte who, upon taking up residence in

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528-622: Was moved in 1929 to the Frederik Hendrikplantsoen. Line #14 did not operate between 1942 and 1982. Line #17 was removed in 1956. After the Blue Tram was removed on 31 August 1957, only line #13 was left, and the municipality planned to remove that line and to try out a tram-free radial road to the city center. However, line #13 remained in service. Line #17 reopened from 1962. Lines 6 and 20 ran in later years for short time on this route. In addition to trams, Rozengracht

552-542: Was narrow gauge (1000 mm), while the Amsterdam tram was standard gauge. That is why from 1904 until removal of the Blue Tram to Zandvoort in 1957, there was a dual gauge route between the Spuistraat and the Krommert. The third rail on the Rozengracht was removed in 1973 when track renewal took place. In addition to tram line 3, the following tram lines appeared: #14 in 1910, #17 in 1913 and #13 in 1921. Line #3

576-530: Was traditionally a winter activity for men who spent summers working on farms. Where there were freezing nights, water might be applied to logging sluices every night so a fresh coating of slippery ice would reduce friction of logs placed in the sluice the following morning. Sluice boxes are often used in the recovery of black sands , gold , and other minerals from placer deposits during placer mining operations. They may be small-scale, as used in prospecting , or much larger, as in commercial operations, where

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