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75-544: Robin Lee Crutchfield (born September 8, 1952) is an American artist. He is best known as one of the founding musicians of the former New York No Wave scene. He has performed at such hallowed musical grounds as Tier 3 , CBGB's , Max's Kansas City and Artists Space ; as well as had his work on display at prestigious venues like MoMA and The Whitney Museum of American Art . Born in Ohio, Robin moved to New York in

150-639: A Spanish-suited deck was produced around 1820 by Giacomo Recchi of Oneglia , Liguria and destined for Sardinia . The plain suit cards are copied from the Sardinian pattern designed just ten years earlier by José Martinez de Castro for Clemente Roxas in Madrid but with the addition of 10s and queens. The trumps are largely copied from an early version of the Tarocco Piemontese . At that time, Liguria, Sardinia, and Piedmont were all territories of

225-428: A book of his artwork entitled A Few Lines – The Art of Robin Lee Crutchfield. The book contains Robin's original work in line drawings, watercolors, and portraits. Robin has said of this work, "As an artist, and musician, I have always favored results through an economy of means. A few notes in relation to one another, a few lines on a page. My favorite works are ones which manage to convey a great deal through very little;

300-579: A few notes that respect silence, a few lines that revere the empty page. I feel they help us see ourselves in relation to the vastness of the universe.” Starting in the Spring of 2017, Crutchfield began hosting radio specials on the Luxuria Music network. This turned into a weekly Internet radio program in the fall of the same year. Robin Crutchfield's Dark Day Escape Pod finds the artist curating

375-479: A foreword by Weasel Walter ), and Thurston Moore and Byron Coley 's Harry N. Abrams No Wave: Post-Punk. Underground. New York. 1976–1980 (for which Lydia Lunch wrote the Introduction). Coleen Fitzgibbon and Alan W. Moore created a short film in 1978 (finished in 2009) of a New York City no wave concert to benefit Colab titled X Magazine Benefit , documenting performances by DNA, James Chance and

450-694: A large role in the no wave scene, as visual artists often were playing in bands, or making videos and films, while making visual art for exhibition. An early influence on this aspect of the scene was Alan Vega (aka Alan Suicide) whose electronic junk sculpture predated his role in the music group Suicide, which he formed with fellow musician Martin Rev in 1970. They released Suicide , their first album, in 1977. Important exhibitions of no wave visual art were Barbara Ess 's Just Another Asshole show and subsequent compilation projects and Colab 's organization of The Real Estate Show , The Times Square Show , and

525-449: A rejection of the recycling of traditional rock aesthetics, such as blues rock styles and Chuck Berry guitar riffs in punk and new wave music . No wave groups drew on and explored such disparate stylistic forms as minimalism , conceptual art , funk , jazz , blues , punk rock , and avant garde noise music . According to Village Voice writer Steve Anderson, the scene pursued an abrasive reductionism which "undermined

600-468: A sense of community was a hallmark of No Wave Cinema. Avant-garde filmmakers like Andy Warhol , Pier Paolo Pasolini , Jean-Pierre Melville , Rainer Werner Fassbinder and Jack Smith were notable influences, as was French Nouvelle Vague cinema, Italian neorealism , early 1970s intimate low budget European films, such as Bernardo Bertolucci ’s 1972 film Last Tango in Paris , and a general interest in

675-413: A sermon in the 15th century, no routine condemnations of tarot were found during its early history. Because the earliest tarot cards were hand-painted, the number of the decks produced is thought to have been small. It was only after the invention of the printing press that mass production of cards became possible. The expansion of tarot outside of Italy, first to France and Switzerland, occurred during

750-424: A short book entitled Eleven Faerie Tales. Expanding his world of faeries from music into the written word, Robin used the creation of these fairy tales as a kind of therapy, to best express the emotions he had felt dealing with particularly difficult relationships or friendships over the years. These eleven tales deal with what it means to be a person, living through all the ups and downs of love, while trying to get to

825-557: A solo act in the late 1990s, returning to a familiar electronic sound but with a noticeable natural progression. The albums that followed saw his music turn away from the cold synthesizer textures he'd become known for. In the year 2000 Robin's music was used in the Bravo television series First Person created by Errol Morris . In early 2002, after a twenty-year hiatus, Crutchfield resumed both painting and writing. His work centered around fairy tales and his music changed to reflect this. By

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900-628: A text by John of Rheinfelden in 1377 from Freiburg im Breisgau , who, in addition to other versions, describes the basic pack as containing the still-current 4 suits of 13 cards, the courts usually being the King, Ober and Unter ("marshals"), although Dames and Queens were already known by then. An early pattern of playing cards used the suits of batons or clubs, coins, swords, and cups. These suits are still used in traditional Italian , Spanish and Portuguese playing card decks, and are also used in modern (occult) tarot divination cards that first appeared in

975-614: A variety of music that he describes as a "road trip hopscotching across time and space from the morass of the morose to the cheerful earful, melodies from the mellow to the melodramatic, the sophomoric to the simply silly." Dark Day Escape Pod can be heard every Monday night from 11 pm – 1am EST on [1] In 2019, Robin's love of Tarot cards lead him to create Youtube Channel Toadstool Tarot, dedicated to reviewing tarot decks new and old. His renewed interest in Tarot led him to create his own tarot deck, The Open Face Tarot, for which he created

1050-453: A way that felt true to myself, constantly pushing the limits of idiom or genre and always screaming "Fuck You!" loudly in the process. It's how I felt then and I still feel it now. The ideals behind the (anti-) movement known as No Wave were found in many other archetypes before and just as many afterwards, but for a few years around the late 1970s, the concentration of those ideals reached a cohesive, white-hot focus. In 2004, Scott Crary made

1125-540: Is a well-known origin story of punk rock - thus no wave - that traces it back to the influence of three American bands: MC5 , The Stooges , and The Velvet Underground , a 1960s New York City band seen as early contributors to the New York City-based no wave movement. As described by Pitchfork's Marc Masters: "Mixing the noisy rock leanings of Lou Reed , the minimalist drones of John Cale (via his work with avant-garde pioneer LaMonte Young ), and

1200-483: Is also featured in Simon Reynolds post-punk opus Rip It Up and Start Again. As of 2009, Robin has worked with noted independent label Important Records to release his fourth CD of harp/drone folk music entitled The Hidden Folk, which has received rave reviews from both critics and fellow contemporaries such as Kurt Weisman, and Thurston Moore . In late 2009 Crutchfield decided to enter the publishing world with

1275-527: Is the highest followed by 10, king, Ober, Unter, then 9 to 6. The heart suit is the default trump suit. The Bavarian pack is also used to play Schafkopf by excluding the Sixes. In English-speaking countries where these games are not widely played, only specially designed cartomantic tarot cards, used primarily for novelty and divination , are readily available. The early French occultists claimed that tarot cards had esoteric links to ancient Egypt , Kabbalah ,

1350-533: Is the only deck to use the so-called Portuguese suit system , which uses Spanish pips but intersects them like Italian pips. Some of the trumps are different such as the lowest trump, Miseria (destitution). It omits the Two and Three of coins, and numerals one to four in clubs, swords and cups: it thus has 64 cards, but the ace of coins is not used, being the bearer of the former stamp tax . The cards are quite small and not reversible. The sole surviving example of

1425-573: The Bavarian and Franconian pattern. These are not true tarot packs, but standard 36-card German-suited decks for games like German Tarok , Bauerntarock , Württemberg Tarock and Bavarian Tarock . Until the 1980s there were also Tarock packs in the Württemberg pattern. There are 36 cards; the pip cards ranging from 6 to 10, Under Knave ( Unter ), Over Knave ( Ober ), King, and Ace. These use ace–ten ranking , like klaverjas , where ace

1500-603: The Island of Negative Utopia show at The Kitchen . No wave art found an ongoing home on the Lower East Side with the establishment of ABC No Rio Gallery in 1980, and a no wave punk aesthetic was a dominant strand in the art galleries of the East Village (from 1982 to 1986). In a foreword to the book No Wave , Weasel Walter wrote of the movement's ongoing influence: I began to express myself musically in

1575-647: The Italian Wars . The most prominent tarot deck version used in these two countries was the Tarot of Marseilles , of Milanese origin. While the set of trumps was generally consistent, their order varied by region, perhaps as early as the 1440s. Michael Dummett placed them into three categories. In Bologna and Florence , the highest trump is the Angel , followed by the World . This group spread mainly southward through

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1650-530: The Minor Arcana , terms not used by players of tarot card games . The 78-card tarot deck used by esotericists has two distinct parts: The terms "Major Arcana" and "Minor Arcana" were first used by Jean-Baptiste Pitois (also known as Paul Christian) and are never used in relation to tarot card games. Some decks exist primarily as artwork, and such art decks sometimes contain only the 22 Major Arcana. The three most common decks used in esoteric tarot are

1725-686: The Papal States , the Kingdom of Naples , and finally down to the Kingdom of Sicily but was also known in the Savoyard states . In Ferrara, the World was the highest, followed by Justice and the Angel. This group spread mainly to the northeast to Venice and Trento where it was only a passing fad. By the end of the 16th century, this order became extinct. In Milan , the World was highest, followed by

1800-411: The Savoyard state . French-suited tarot decks are known as the oldest decks used for the Tarot. With the exception of novelty decks, French-suited tarot cards are almost exclusively used for card games . The earliest French-suited tarot decks were made by the de Poilly family of engravers, beginning with a Minchiate deck by François de Poilly in the late 1650s. Aside from these early outliers,

1875-639: The Tarot of Marseilles (a playing card pack), the Rider–Waite Tarot , and the Thoth Tarot . Aleister Crowley , who devised the Thoth deck along with Lady Frieda Harris , stated of the tarot: "The origin of this pack of cards is very obscure. Some authorities seek to put it back as far as the ancient Egyptian Mysteries; others try to bring it forward as late as the fifteenth or even the sixteenth century ... [but] The only theory of ultimate interest about

1950-606: The freely improvised noise of songs such as "Destroy The Nations" and "Dog Face Man". The band plastered the word "NO" on much of its equipment and handmade instruments and recorded a film between 1965 and 1966 titled "NO Movie". Member Bill Exley would sometimes wear a monkey mask on stage to conceal his identity. They've been cited as an influence by Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth . Captain Beefheart's polarizing brand of avant-rock music has been cited as laying "the groundwork for post-punk , new wave , and no wave, allowing

2025-569: The 15 or so decks of the Visconti-Sforza Tarot painted in the mid-15th century for the rulers of the Duchy of Milan . In 15th century Italy, the set of cards that was included in tarot packs, including trumps, seems to have been consistent, even if naming and ordering varied. There are two main exceptions: Although a Dominican preacher inveighed against the evil inherent in playing cards, chiefly because of their use in gambling, in

2100-527: The Angel; this ordering is used in the Tarot of Marseilles . Dummett also wrote about a possible fourth lineage that may have existed along the Franco-Italian border. It spread north through France until its last descendant, the Belgian Tarot, went extinct around 1800. In Florence, an expanded deck called Minchiate was later used. This deck of 97 cards includes astrological symbols and

2175-735: The Avenues is considered the climatic apogee of low-budget production values of no wave filmmaking as the film’s dialogue track was dubbed over the 35mm film in editing. For many years the scene was centered around the Mudd Club and Colab 's New Cinema Screening Room on St. Marks Place in the East Village. No Wave Cinema actors included Patti Astor , Steve Buscemi , Cookie Mueller , Debbie Harry , John Lurie , Eric Mitchell , Rockets Redglare , Vincent Gallo , Duncan Hannah , Anya Phillips , Rene Ricard , Arto Lindsay , Tom Wright , Richard Hell , and Lydia Lunch . Visual artists played

2250-515: The Cego Adler pack manufactured by ASS Altenburger and one with genre scenes by F.X. Schmid , which may reflect the mainstream German cards of the 19th century. Current French-suited tarot decks come in these patterns: From the late 18th century, in addition to producing their own true Tarot packs, the south German states manufactured German-suited packs labeled "Taroc", "Tarock" or "Deutsch-Tarok". These survive as "Schafkopf/Tarock" packs of

2325-584: The Contortions as well as collaborate with Lydia Lunch of Teenage Jesus and the Jerks in 8 Eyed Spy . In 1978, a punk subculture -influenced noise series was held at New York's Artists Space . No wave musicians such as the Contortions , Teenage Jesus and the Jerks , Mars , DNA , Theoretical Girls and Rhys Chatham began experimenting with noise, dissonance and atonality in addition to non-rock styles. The former four groups were included on

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2400-672: The Contortions, and Boris Policeband . Shot in black and white and edited on video, the film captured the gritty look and sound of the music scene during that era. In 2013, it was exhibited at Salon 94 , an art gallery in New York City. In 2023, the No Wave movement received institutional recognition at the Centre Pompidou with a Nicolas Ballet curated exhibition entitled Who You Staring At: Culture visuelle de la scène no wave des années 1970 et 1980 ( Visual culture of

2475-607: The Fall , Sonic Youth, Lydia Lunch , Mofungo , Ilona Granet , pre-rap Beastie Boys , 3 Teens Kill 4 , Elliott Sharp as Carbon, Swans, the Ordinaires , and Arto Lindsay as Toy Killers. On May 10, the San Francisco noise-punk band Flipper closed the series out with a live concert at Studio 54 . This event also included performances by Zev and Eric Bogosian and a video presentation by Tony Oursler . Speed Trials

2550-542: The Fool and 21 trumps (then called trionfi ) being added to the standard Italian pack of four suits: batons , coins , cups and swords . Scholarship has established that the early European cards were probably based on the Egyptian Mamluk deck invented in or before the 14th century, which followed the introduction of paper from Asia into Western Europe. By the late 1300s, Europeans were producing their own cards,

2625-963: The Iberian Peninsula. Having fallen into decline by the 20th century, they later experienced a renaissance in some countries and regions. For example, French Tarot was largely confined to Provence in the 18th century, but took off in the 1950s to such an extent that, in 1973, the French Tarot Association ( Fédération Française de Tarot ) was formed and French Tarot itself is now the second most popular card game in France. Tarock games like Königrufen have experienced significant growth in Austria where international tournaments are held with other nations, especially those from eastern Europe that still play such games, including Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. Denmark appears to be

2700-633: The Iberian peninsula, and the Ottoman Balkans . French tarot experienced another revival, beginning in the 1970s, and France has the strongest tarot gaming community. Regional tarot games—often known as tarock , tarok , or tarokk —are widely played in central Europe within the borders of the former Austro-Hungarian empire . Italian-suited decks were first devised in the 15th century in northern Italy. Three decks of this category are still used to play certain games: The Tarocco Siciliano

2775-460: The Indic Tantra , or I Ching , claims that have been frequently repeated by authors on card divination. However, scholarly research demonstrated that tarot cards were invented in northern Italy in the mid-15th century and confirmed that there is no historical evidence of any significant use of tarot cards for divination until the late 18th century. Historians have described western views of

2850-400: The Tarot pack as "the subject of the most successful propaganda campaign ever launched [...] An entire false history and false interpretation of the Tarot pack was concocted by the occultists and it is all but universally believed." The earliest evidence of a tarot deck used for cartomancy comes from an anonymous manuscript from around 1750 which documents rudimentary divinatory meanings for

2925-412: The art world influence of Andy Warhol's Factory , this seminal band provided a comprehensive model for No Wave." Yoko Ono , a Japanese multimedia Fluxus artist married to John Lennon of The Beatles released an album called Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band in 1970. This record was later assessed as a precursor to punk , post-punk , new wave and no wave – "It's a record dense with ideas and sonics;

3000-556: The artwork. This minimalist, Major Arcana only deck, can be found through publisher MPC. It was favorably received by respected Tarot reviewer site Hermit's Cave in 2020. With DNA As Dark Day As Robin Crutchfield No Wave No wave was an avant-garde music genre and visual art scene that emerged in the late 1970s in Downtown New York City . The term was a pun based on

3075-590: The cards of the Tarocco Bolognese . The popularization of esoteric tarot started with Antoine Court and Jean-Baptiste Alliette (Etteilla) in Paris during the 1780s, using the Tarot of Marseilles . French tarot players abandoned the Marseilles tarot in favor of the Tarot Nouveau around 1900, with the result that the Marseilles pattern is now used mostly by cartomancers. Etteilla was

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3150-460: The common four-suit pack. These new decks were called carte da trionfi , triumph cards, and the additional cards known simply as trionfi , which became "trumps" in English. The earliest documentation of trionfi is found in a written statement in the court records of Florence , in 1440, regarding the transfer of two decks to Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta . The oldest surviving tarot cards are

3225-760: The compilation No New York , often considered the quintessential testament to the scene. The no wave-affiliated label ZE Records was founded in 1978, and would also produce acclaimed and influential compilations in subsequent years. In 1978, Rhys Chatham curated a concert at The Kitchen with two electric guitar noise music bands that involved Glenn Branca ( Theoretical Girls and Daily Life, performed by Branca, Barbara Ess , Paul McMahon, and Christine Hahn) and another two electric-guitar noise music bands that involved Chatham himself ( The Gynecologists and Tone Death, performed by Robert Appleton, Nina Canal, Chatham, and Peter Gordon ). Tone Death performed Chatham's 1977 composition for electric guitars Guitar Trio , that

3300-561: The desolation of late 1970s Downtown New York and how they viewed the larger society. In a 2020 essay, Lydia Lunch stated there were many problems in the years that led into the 1970s, and that calling 1967 the Summer of Love was a bold-faced lie. The term "no wave" might have been inspired by the French New Wave pioneer Claude Chabrol , with his remark "There are no waves, only the ocean". There are different theories about how

3375-425: The documentary Kill Your Idols , including such no wave bands as Suicide, Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, DNA and Glenn Branca as well as bands influenced by no wave, including Sonic Youth, Swans, Foetus and others. In 2007–2008, three books on the scene were published: Stuart Baker's (editor) Soul Jazz Records New York Noise (with photographs by Paula Court), Marc Masters' Black Dog Publishing No Wave (with

3450-598: The earliest patterns being based on the Mamluk deck but with variations to the suit symbols and court cards . The first records of playing cards in Europe date to 1367 in Bern and they appear to have spread very rapidly across the whole of Europe, as may be seen from the records, mainly of card games being banned. Little is known about the appearance and number of these cards, the only significant information being provided by

3525-434: The early 1980s , Downtown Manhattan 's no wave scene transitioned from its abrasive origins into a more dance -oriented sound, with compilations such as ZE Records 's Mutant Disco (1981) highlighting a playful sensibility borne out of the city's clash of hip hop , disco and punk styles, as well as dub reggae and world music influences. No wave music presented a negative and nihilistic world view that reflected

3600-500: The end of the band's existence Crutchfield, now working solo, explored a style somewhat reminiscent of European medieval and baroque music. In 1978 Robin dabbled in acting, taking a small part in cult New York film director Amos Poe 's The Foreigner . As well as acting, Crutchfield, true to the DIY attitude of the punk movement, created his own record label, Nigh Eve, on which he released many of his albums. Crutchfield resumed Dark Day as

3675-474: The fifteenth century. The new name first appeared in Brescia around 1502 as Tarocho . During the 16th century, a new game played with a standard deck but sharing a very similar name ( Trionfa ) was quickly becoming popular. This coincided with the older game being renamed tarocchi . In modern Italian, the singular term is Tarocco , which, as a noun, is a cultivar of blood orange . The attribute Tarocco and

3750-495: The first generation of French-suited tarots depicted scenes of animals on the trumps and were thus called " Tiertarock " ( Tier being German for "animal") appeared around 1740. Around 1800, a greater variety of decks were produced, mostly with genre art or veduta . The German states used to produce a variety of 78-card tarot packs using Italian suits, but later switching to French suited cards; some were imported to France. There remain only two French-suited patterns of Cego packs -

3825-514: The first to produce a bespoke tarot deck specifically designed for occult purposes around 1789. In keeping with the unsubstantiated belief that such cards were derived from the Book of Thoth , Etteilla's tarot contained themes related to ancient Egypt . In the occult tradition, tarot cards are referred to as "arcana", with the Fool and 21 trumps being termed the Major Arcana and the suit cards

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3900-728: The forays into noise music abrasive territory. For example, Noise Fest was an influential festival of no wave noise music performances curated by Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth at the New York City art space White Columns in June 1981. Sonic Youth made their first live appearances at this show. It inspired Speed Trials, the noise rock five-night concert series held May 4–8, 1983, that was organized by Live Skull members in May 1983, also at White Columns (then located at 91 Horatio Street). Among an art installation created by David Wojnarowicz and Joseph Nechvatal , Speed Trials included performances by

3975-473: The four elements, as well as traditional tarot motifs. The earliest known mention of this game, under the name of germini , dates to 1506. The word "tarot" and German Tarock derive from the Italian Tarocchi , the origin of which is uncertain, although taroch was used as a synonym for foolishness in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. The decks were known exclusively as Trionfi during

4050-957: The history of film noir . Handheld Super 8 film cameras were initially the means to shoot the films often in the street, in downtown nightclubs, in cars, or apartments using available light. The first No Wave film was Ivan Kral and Amos Poes 1976 film The Blank Generation that explored the No Wave music scene in CBGB's with the Ramones , Talking Heads , Blondie and Patti Smith , among several others. No Wave filmmakers included Amos Poe , Eric Mitchell , Scott B and Beth B , Jim Jarmusch , Jamie Nares , Coleen Fitzgibbon , Diego Cortez , Charlie Ahearn , Tom DiCillo , Lizzie Borden , Susan Seidelman , Vincent Gallo , Charlie Ahearn , Adele Bertei , David Wojnarowicz , Vivienne Dick , Kiki Smith , Michael McClard, Andrea Callard and Seth Tillett. Eric Mitchell’s 1985 film The Way It Is or Eurydice in

4125-645: The idea of a compilation album, No New York , with himself as a producer. By the early 1980s, artists such as Liquid Liquid , the B-52's , Cristina , Arthur Russell , James White and the Blacks and Lizzy Mercier Descloux developed a dance-oriented style described by Lucy Sante as "anything at all + disco bottom". Other no-wave groups such as Swans , Suicide , Glenn Branca , the Lounge Lizards , Bush Tetras and Sonic Youth instead continued exploring

4200-547: The late 18th century. A lost tarot-like pack was commissioned by Duke Filippo Maria Visconti and described by Martiano da Tortona, probably between 1418 and 1425 since the painter he mentions, Michelino da Besozzo , returned to Milan in 1418, while Martiano himself died in 1425. He described a 60-card deck with 16 cards having images of the Roman gods and suits depicting four kinds of birds. The 16 cards were regarded as "trumps" since, in 1449, Jacopo Antonio Marcello recalled that

4275-539: The likes of Brian Eno and David Bowie to pick up from where Beefheart had left off". The Godz were a New York City-based psychedelic noise band connected to ESP-Disk . John Dougan opined in AllMusic : " the three squalling bits of avant-garde noise/junk they recorded from 1966-1968. Sounding like a prototype for Half Japanese or the Shaggs .." Cromagnon were a 1960s New York City band whose sole album Orgasm

4350-637: The mid-1970s. He was a performance artist in the SoHo and Tribeca art scene before becoming an original member of the seminal No Wave band DNA alongside Arto Lindsay and Ikue Mori . He played keyboards in the first version of the band, getting to work with musical luminary Brian Eno on the seminal No New York album. Robin left the band to form his own group in 1979. His band, Dark Day, explored wide varieties of keyboard and synthesizer textures and went through several lineup changes. Early on Robin worked with Nina Canal of Ut , and Nancy Arlen of Mars . Towards

4425-402: The music world. The 1978 compilation No New York is often considered the quintessential testament to the scene's musical aesthetic. Aside from the music genre, the no wave movement also had a significant influence in independent film ( no wave cinema ), fashion, and visual art. No wave is not a clearly definable musical genre with consistent features, but it generally was characterized by

4500-642: The next two centuries until the earliest known complete description of rules for a French variant in 1637. The game of tarot has many regional variations. Tarocchini has survived in Bologna and there are still others played in Piedmont and Sicily, but in Italy the game is generally less popular than elsewhere. The 18th century saw tarot's greatest revival, during which it became one of the most popular card games in Europe, played everywhere except Ireland and Britain,

4575-541: The no wave scene in the 1970s and 1980s ). Musical performances and three recorded conversations with No Wave artists were included as part of the exhibition. Tarot Like the common playing cards, tarot has four suits that vary by region: French suits are used in western, central and eastern Europe, and Latin suits in southern Europe. Each suit has 14 cards: ten pip cards numbering from one (or Ace ) to ten; and four face cards : King , Queen , Knight , and Jack/Knave/Page . In addition, and unlike standard packs,

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4650-553: The now deceased duke had invented a novum quoddam et exquisitum triumphorum genus , or "a new and exquisite kind of triumphs." Other early decks that also showcased classical motifs include the Sola-Busca and Boiardo-Viti decks of the 1490s. The first documented tarot decks were recorded between 1440 and 1450 in Milan , Ferrara , Florence and Bologna , when additional trump cards with allegorical illustrations were added to

4725-684: The only Scandinavian country that still plays tarot games, Danish Tarok being a derivative of historical German Grosstarock . The game of Cego has grown in popularity again in the south German region of Baden. Italy continues to play regionally popular games with their distinctive Tarot packs. These include: Ottocento in Bologna and Sicilian Tarocchi in parts of Sicily . Meanwhile Troccas and Troggu are still played locally in parts of Switzerland. Tarot cards, then known as tarocchi , first appeared in Ferrara and Milan in northern Italy, with

4800-516: The personal and the political". Suicide was a New York City band that was formed in 1970 by Alan Vega and Martin Rev . It has been cited by Pitchfork's Marc Masters as having "the biggest influence on no-wave". Nihilist Spasm Band was an early noise music / noise rock band from the 1960s. Its debut record, No Record, released in 1968, has been described as being a '60s precursor to no wave, with its nihilistic worldview and complete disregard for any sort of musical structure, as evinced by

4875-455: The power and mystique of a rock vanguard by depriving it of a tradition to react against". Anderson claimed that the no wave scene represented "New York's last stylistically cohesive avant-rock movement". There were, however, some elements common to most no-wave music, such as abrasive atonal sounds; repetitive, driving rhythms ; and a tendency to emphasize musical texture over melody—typical of La Monte Young 's early downtown music . In

4950-415: The rejection of commercial new wave music . Reacting against punk rock 's recycling of rock and roll clichés, no wave musicians instead experimented with noise , dissonance , and atonality , as well as non- rock genres like free jazz , funk , and disco . The scene often reflected an abrasive , confrontational, and nihilistic world view. The movement was short-lived but highly influential in

5025-517: The show featured DNA and the Contortions on Friday, followed by Mars and Teenage Jesus and the Jerks on Saturday. English musician and producer Brian Eno , who had originally come to New York to produce the second Talking Heads album More Songs About Buildings and Food , was in the audience. Impressed by what he saw and heard, and advised by Diego Cortez to do so, Eno was convinced that this movement should be documented and proposed

5100-636: The summer of that same year Crutchfield had exhibited both his new images and words at a gallery show curated by Norman Shapiro at the Leslie-Lohman Gay Art Foundation entitled Verbal/Visual/Tactile: Book Artist's Show. In 2008, Marc Masters, a contributing writer for The Wire magazine, published his book entitled No Wave . The book, as its name implies, focuses solely on the No Wave scene and features many sections on both DNA and Dark Day, as well as performance and promotional photographs of Crutchfield from that time period. Robin

5175-462: The tarot also has a separate 21-card trump suit and a single card known as the Fool . Depending on the game, the Fool may act as the top trump or may be played to avoid following suit. These tarot cards are still used throughout much of Europe to play conventional card games . The use of tarot playing cards was at one time widespread across the whole of Europe except the British Isles and

5250-528: The term was coined. Some suggest Lydia Lunch coined the term in an interview with Roy Trakin in New York Rocker . Others suggest it was coined by Chris Nelson (of Mofungo and The Scene Is Now ) in New York Rocker . Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth claimed to have seen the term spray-painted on CBGB 's Second Avenue Theater at 66 Second Avenue before seeing it in the press. There

5325-484: The verb Taroccare are used regionally to indicate that something is fake or forged. This meaning is directly derived from the tarocchi game as played in Italy, in which tarocco indicates a card that can be played in place of another card. The original purpose of tarot cards was to play games. A very cursory explanation of rules for a tarot-like deck is given in a manuscript by Martiano da Tortona before 1425. Vague descriptions of game play or game terminology follow for

5400-457: The very heart of what makes up our lives. Robin still lives in New York City and continues to create and be involved with the art world, most recently guest deejaying for Ceci Moss on East Village Radio . In the summer of 2015 Robin Crutchfield released the album into the Dark Wood, masterfully exploring the ethereal soundscapes that continue to drive his recordings. 2017 saw Robin releasing

5475-567: Was cited by AllMusic 's Alex Henderson as foreshadowing no-wave. Jack Ruby were a New York City band that formed in 1973, they were an early influence on Sonic Youth and Thurston Moore , and are seen as early pioneers of the aesthetic, philosophy, and sound of no wave. Additionally, members included Randy Cohen on drums and synthesizer as well as Boris Policeband who played viola through an FM transmitter and strapped police walkie-talkies around his waist. Subsequently, bassist George Scott III would join no wave group James Chance and

5550-828: Was followed by the short-lived after-hours audio art Speed Club that was established by Nechvatal and Bradley Eros at ABC No Rio that summer. No Wave Cinema was an underground low-budget film scene in Tribeca and the East Village from the late-1970s to the mid-1980s. Rooted in the gritty, rebellious ethos of the Lower East Side’s no wave post-punk art scene, No Wave Cinema was marked by its DIY approach, low budgets, and an unpolished aesthetic that rejected mainstream filmmaking conventions. Musicians, visual artists, and filmmakers converged, regularly working across multiple mediums. This interdisciplinary collaboration and

5625-628: Was inspired by La Monte Young 's minimalist masterpiece Trio for Strings and Chatham's exposure to The Ramones at CBGB via Peter Gordon. This proto-No Wave concert was followed a few weeks later when Artists Space served as a site of concrete inception for the No Wave music movement, hosting a five night underground No Wave music festival, organized by artists Michael Zwack and Robert Longo , that featured 10 local bands; including Rhys Chatham 's The Gynecologists , Communists, Glenn Branca 's Theoretical Girls , Terminal, Rhys Chatham 's Tone Death. and Branca's Daily Life. The final two days of

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