17-599: Helix pomatia , known as the Roman snail , Burgundy snail , or escargot , is a species of large, air-breathing stylommatophoran land snail native to Europe. It is characterized by a globular brown shell. It is an edible species which commonly occurs synanthropically throughout its range. The present distribution of Helix pomatia is considerably affected by the dispersion by human and synanthropic occurrences. The northern limits of their natural distribution run presumably through central Germany and southern Poland with
34-538: A broad specificity, so they are commonly used as a hydrolyzing agent in analytical procedures such as chromatography where they are used to prepare samples for analysis. Roman snails were eaten by Ancient Romans. Nowadays, these snails are especially popular in French cuisine. In the English language, it is called by the French name escargot when used in cooking ( escargot simply means snail). Although this species
51-561: A subcategory of the " Lower Risk " category and assigned the code "LR/lc" or lc. Around 20% of least concern taxa (3261 of 15,636) in the IUCN database still use the code "LR/lc", which indicates they have not been re-evaluated since 2000. While "least concern" is not considered a red listed category by the IUCN, the 2006 IUCN Red List still assigns the category to 15,636 taxa. The number of animal species listed in this category totals 14,033 (which includes several undescribed species such as
68-550: Is highly prized as a food, it is difficult to cultivate and is rarely farmed commercially. This article incorporates public domain text from the reference. Stylommatophora Stylommatophora is an order of air-breathing land snails and slugs , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs . This taxon includes most land snails and slugs . Stylommatophorans lack an operculum , but some close their shell apertures with temporary "operculum" ( epiphragm ) made of calcified mucus. They have two pairs of retractile tentacles,
85-452: Is reached after two to five years. The life span is up to 20 years, but they often die sooner due to drying in summer and freezing in winter. Ten-year-old individuals are probably not uncommon in natural populations. The maximum lifespan is 35 years. During estivation or hibernation , H. pomatia is one of the few species that is capable of creating a calcareous epiphragm to seal the opening of its shell. Preference for feeding on
102-472: Is that of Bouchet et al. (2017). Continuously updated information may be found at MolluscaBase . The 2017 system already becomes obsolete in some parts due to new phylogenetic studies. Rhytidoidea is apparently not a monophyletic group, but rather a collection of lineages from the southern hemisphere with unresolved relationships. suborder Achatinina [“Achatinoid Clade”] suborder Scolodontina suborder Helicina [“Non-Achatinoid Clade”] According to
119-830: Is threatened by intensive farming and habitat destruction. It is of lower concern in Switzerland and Austria, but many regions restrict commercial collecting. Within its native range, Helix pomatia is mostly a common species. It is also considered Least Concern by the IUCN Red List . However, it is listed in the Annex V of the EU 's Habitats Directive and protected by law in several countries to regulate harvesting from free living populations. The intestinal juice of H. pomatia contains large amounts of aryl, steroid, and glucosinolate sulfatase activities. These sulfatases have
136-593: Is within the Sigmurethra) Least-concern species A least-concern species is a species that has been evaluated and categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as not being a focus of wildlife conservation because the specific species is still plentiful in the wild. They do not qualify as threatened , near threatened , or (before 2001) conservation dependent . Species cannot be assigned
153-493: The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) based on evolutionary ancestry, Stylommatophora is a clade in the clade Eupulmonata within informal group Pulmonata . It uses unranked clades for taxa above the rank of superfamily (replacing the ranks suborder, order, superorder and subclass) and the traditional Linnaean approach for all taxa below the rank of superfamily. The clade Stylommatophora contains
170-399: The "Least Concern" category unless they have had their population status evaluated. That is, adequate information is needed to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution or population status. Since 2001 the category has had the abbreviation "LC", following the IUCN 2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1). Before 2001 "least concern" was
187-667: The Alps, but usually below 2,000 m (6,600 ft). In the south of England, it is restricted to undisturbed grassy or bushy wastelands, usually not in gardens. This snail is hermaphroditic . Reproduction in Central Europe begins at the end of May. Eggs are laid in June and July, in clutches of 40–65 eggs. The size of the egg is 5.5–6.5 mm or 8.6 × 7.2 mm. Juveniles hatch after three to four weeks, and may consume their siblings under unfavourable climate conditions. Maturity
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#1732780815859204-537: The banding is well developed and conspicuous. The shell has five to six whorls . The aperture is large. The apertural margin is slightly reflected in adult snails. The umbilicus is narrow and partly covered by the reflected columellar margin. The width of the shell is 30–50 millimetres (1.2–2.0 inches). The height of the shell is 30–45 mm (1.2–1.8 in). In Central Europe, it occurs in forests and shrubland, as well as in various synanthropic habitats. It lives up to 2,100 m (6,900 ft) above sea level in
221-574: The eastern range limits running through western-most Ukraine and Moldova / Romania to Bulgaria . In the south, the species reaches northern Bulgaria, central Serbia , Bosnia and Hezegovina and Croatia . It occurs in northern Italy southwards to the Po and the Ligurian Apennines . Westerly the native range extends to eastern France . Currently, H. pomatia is distributed up to western Russia (broadly distributed in and around Moskva ), to
238-628: The nettle Urtica dioica was found in H. pomatia juveniles in Germany. This species is listed in IUCN Red List , and in European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs as of least concern. H. pomatia is threatened by continuous habitat destructions and drainage, usually less threatened by commercial collections. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to establish the species in various parts of England, Scotland, and Ireland; it only survived in natural habitats in southern England, and
255-601: The south of Finland , Sweden and Norway , in Denmark and the Benelux . Scattered introduced populations occur westwards up to northern Spain . In Great Britain , it lives on chalk soils in the south and west of England . In the east, isolated populations live as far as south of Novosibirsk. Introduced populations also exist in the eastern United States and Canada . The shell is creamy white to light brownish, often with indistinct brown colour bands although sometimes
272-488: The subclades Elasmognatha, Orthurethra and the informal group Sigmurethra. The term "informal group" has been used to indicate whenever monophyly has not been tested, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has now been discovered to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic . clade Elasmognatha clade Orthurethra informal group Sigmurethra " limacoid clade " (within the Sigmurethra) (not in limacoid clade, but
289-592: The upper pair of which bears eyes on the tentacle tips. All stylommatophorans are hermaphrodites . The two strong synapomorphies of Stylommatophora are a long pedal gland placed beneath a membrane and two pairs of retractile tentacles. Stylommatophora are known from the Cretaceous period up to the present day. A molecular clock estimate puts the origin of the crown group also to the Cretaceous. The most up-to-date formal classification of Stylommatophora
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