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53-648: Combining ribbed vaults and the Romanesque tradition, the cathedrals of Angers (1149–1159) and Poitiers (1162) are examples of a transitional Gothic style, more austere and less well lit. Especially in Germany and the Low Countries , the term is used of relatively late buildings in a cautious provincial version of Gothic. The late-Romanesque style of the Rhineland has often been called Romano-Gothic. In

106-425: A 5th-century bishop of Angers, whose miracles included the resurrection of Saint René, who later became a member of the chapter of the cathedral. The cathedral has a particularly rich collection of sculpture, ranging from Romanesque and Gothic column capitals decorated with faces, to dramatic scenes of Baroque sculpture above the main altar. There is also an assortment of tomb sculpture from different periods. Among

159-658: A Romanesque-Gothic church (1210–1347). Its one of the oldest brick churches in Pomerania . Dominican Church and Convent of St. James in Sandomierz made in the 13th century. The oldest church made by brick in Poland. The Cremona Baptistery (Italian: Battistero di Cremona ) is a religious edifice in Cremona , northern Italy . It is annexed to the city's Cathedral . Built in 1167, it is characterized by an octagonal plan,

212-614: A bomb in 1944. They were restored in the 1950s by the Paris glassmaker and painter Jacques Le Chevallier . The new windows depict the saints particularly venerated in the Angers diocese. The cathedral is noted for the rich wood carving of the pulpit. It was created in the 19th century by the Abbot and sculptor Choyer in the Neo-Gothic style, at the suggestion of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc , who

265-469: A new archbishop. Jean Maan, Dean of Mans, was brought to Tours, but he refused the see, or was unable to muster sufficient votes. Then the see was offered to Master Pierre de Collomedio of Champagne, a Canon of Thérouanne and Papal Legate, but, though the election was canonically carried out, he refused the offer. The leaders of the French Revolution , as part of their program, planned to bring

318-464: A phial of it was given to Angers. In the 7th century, an additional devotion to Saint Maurilius , the Bishop of Angers in the 4th century, began. A biography of him was written and in 873 his body was transferred to the cathedral. For 200 years Saints Maurilius and Maurice were frequently mentioned together as the patron saints of the cathedral but gradually Saint Maurice became the primary patron. At

371-588: A reference to the cult of St. Ambrose of Milan , symbolizing the Eight Day of Resurrection and, thenceforth, the Baptism. The edifice mixes Romanesque and Lombard- Gothic styles, the latter evident in the preference for bare brickwork walls. Angers Cathedral Angers Cathedral ( French : Cathédrale Saint-Maurice d'Angers ) is a Catholic church dedicated to Saint Maurice in Angers , France. It

424-453: A transitional Romanesque-Gothic style. It is covered with a greenish copper roofing. The 93m high bell tower dates from the 12th century and is characterised by the 18 niches on each of its facade, as well as four roofed turrets at each corner. The crypt, with a length of 32 metres, is one of the largest in Germany, and contains the relics of St. Liborius. The Cistercian abbey in Kołbacz includes

477-591: Is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France . The archdiocese has roots that go back to the 3rd century, while the formal erection of the diocese dates from the 5th century. The ecclesiastical province of Tours corresponds with the late Roman province of Tertia Lugdunensis . During Breton independence the see of Dol briefly exercised metropolitical functions (mainly tenth century). In 1859

530-578: Is now displayed at the Château d'Angers . The other ninety tapestries in the collection were made in Flanders and France from the 15th to the 18th century, and were gathered together in the cathedral in the second part of the 19th century, and are one of the most important single collections in Europe. In the past they were displayed only for certain religious holidays. Now they are hung as a group only during

583-496: Is the seat of the Bishops of Angers . Built between the 11th and 16th centuries, it is known for its mixture of Romanesque and Gothic architecture , its ornate Baroque altar and sculpture. It also has an extensive collection of stained glass windows, including the transept 's window of Saint Julian , considered to be a masterpiece of French 13th-century glasswork. as a national monument of France. The earliest cathedral on

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636-719: The " Constitutional Church ". The clergy were required to swear and oath to the Constitution, and under the terms of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy a new bishop was to be elected by all the voters of the département, who did not even need to be Catholics. This placed them in schism with the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope. Archbishop de Conzié of Tours refused to take the oath, and his bishopric

689-501: The 17th century the interior of the church underwent another rebuilding; Angers Cathedral was one of the first in France to redesign its interior following the directives of the Council of Trent , to make the interior more welcoming and decorative for ordinary worshippers, and to remove the barriers between the clergy and the congregation. This was the arrival of Baroque architecture into churches. The jubé, or rood screen, which separated

742-451: The 20th century but none of them went beyond the planning stage. The original Romanesque church was rebuilt with Gothic details in the mid-12th century. The single aisle was vaulted with pointed arches resting on a re-clad interior elevation. The nave consists of three simple bays, with single bays on either side of a crossing forming a transept , followed by a single-bay choir , backed by an apse . The west front clearly illustrates

795-576: The Breton dioceses except that of Nantes were constituted into a province of Rennes . Tours kept its historic suffragans of Le Mans , Angers together with Nantes and a newly constituted Diocese of Laval . In 2002 Tours lost all connection with its historic province, all its previous suffragans depending henceforth on an expanded province of Rennes (corresponding to the Brittany and Pays de la Loire administrative regions). Tours since 2002 has become

848-466: The appropriate bulls to restore many of the dioceses and to regulate their boundaries, most of which corresponded closely to the new 'départements'. The Diocese of Tours, which was coterminous with the Department of Indre-et-Loire, had as suffragans: Le Mans, Angers, Rennes, Nantes, Quimper, Vannes, Saint-Pol, Treguier, Saint-Brieux Saint-Mâlo and Dol. The main pilgrimage sites in the diocese besides

901-483: The architect Jean Delespine constructed a new base to the two towers. The lower portio, in the new Renaissance style , was covered with sculpture depicting Saint Maurice and his seven knight-companions and their martyrdom. They also gave the central tower a Renaissance-style hexagonal crown, finished in 1515. Another Renaissance spire was built atop the south tower, completed in 1523. The deteriorating original sculptures were largely replaced with copies in 1909. In 1806,

954-458: The beginning of the 11th century, Hubert de Vendôme, the Bishop of Angers from 1010 to 1047, decided to build a new cathedral in the Romanesque style to replace the existing church. The new church was consecrated on 16 August 1025, but in 1032 it was ravaged by a fire. Geoffroy de Tours, the Bishop of Angers from 1081 to 1093, ordered the reconstruction of the cathedral, which continued under

1007-403: The centuries, originally was protected by a porch. The tympanum over the doorway represents Christ in majesty, and it is decorated with column-statues from the 12th century. The decorative ironwork on the doors dates to the Romanesque period. Above the portal is a later gallery of sculptures depicting eight knights, who represent the companions of Saint Maurice, who joined him in his martyrdom. It

1060-474: The choir, except that the arcade of large pillars was replaced by blind arches, topped with a narrow passageway halfway up the wall, with a balustrade of cast iron. The decoration of the choir is particularly notable. Angers was one of the first cathedrals in France to adapt the new Baroque style, imposed by the Vatican Council of Trent in order to make the altar more visible from the nave and to make

1113-589: The churches closed, most of the 360 clergy of Indre-et-Loire abdicated or apostasized. Religion was restored in 1795, but Suzor did not regain possession of the cathedral until 13 May 1797. Suzor suffered a stroke in 1797; the bishops of the Metropolitanate were allowed to assemble at Bourges in 1800 to find him a successor. On 1 February 1801 Hyacinthe Tardiveau accepted the position, and Suzor died on 13 April 1801, having approved of his successor. Tardiveau

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1166-408: The clergy and congregation was removed, and the altar was moved from the center of the choir to a position closer to the congregation in the nave. The majestic new baldaquin over the altar, with columns of red marble supporting a great crown of filled with sculpture, was installed in 1757. The altar beneath faces both toward the clergy in the choir and the worshippers in the nave. In the 16th century,

1219-402: The direction of Guillaume de Beaumont, the Bishop of Angers from 1203 to 1240. The choir followed a similar design as the nave, with the grand arches replaced by large blind arches topped with a narrow passageway, now decorated with a wrought-iron railing, below the large windows of the upper level. The arches are taller a more slender than those of the nave, and the decoration more stylised. In

1272-614: The ecclesiastical metropolis of the Centre administrative region. In 2022, in the Archdiocese of Tours there was one priest for every 5,284 Catholics. According to Louis Duchesne , the See of Tours was probably founded in the time of Constantine ; Gregory of Tours says by Gatianus . As the city, (called "Caesarodunum"), was important as a crossing point of the Loire, it became a stop on

1325-422: The extent possible they were to have the same borders as the new political departments. The Diocese of Tours was therefore abolished and subsumed into a new diocese, coterminous with the new 'Departement d'Indre-et-Loire', which was to be a suffragan of the 'Metropole du Centre' (composed of the dioceses of Allier, Cher, Creuse, Indre, Indre-et-Loire, Loire-et-Cher, Nièvre and Vienne, with its center at Bourges ) in

1378-408: The festivals of Saint John and Saint Maurice, with the others only displayed individually according to the liturgical calendar. In about 1980 several remarkable mural paintings dating from 1240 to 1260 were discovered hidden behind the elaborate 18th century woodwork in the back of the apse, which had been created by Sébastien Leyssner. They depict the miracles achieved by Saint Maurilius of Angers ,

1431-501: The historic province of Anjou , a fiefdom of the French crown. The vaults were composed of high crossing ribs, supported by rows of clustered columns and pillars in the nave below. This allowed the construction of very large windows on the upper walls between the ribs. filling the interior with light. The rebuilding of the nave was followed by that of the choir and the new transept. This was carried out between 1235 and 1274, largely under

1484-539: The infant Christ. At the end of the 12th century, under Bishop Raoul de Beaumont, new windows were made for the nave. Windows from this period depict the Martyrdom of Saint Catherine of Alexandria, the life of the Virgin Mary (Bay 123) and the Martyrdom of Saint Vincent. These are very good examples of the new technique of painting onto glass, or silver stain , which became popular in that century. Early windows from

1537-408: The interior more dramatic and inspiring. The old rood screen that separated the choir from the nave was demolished, and the altar was placed between the two spaces. facing both. In 1757, the enormous Baroque ciborium or altar canopy, supported by columns of red marble and crowned with a pyramid of sculpture by Gervais was put into place. The oldest original window dates from about 1165 and depicts

1590-605: The interior the choir has a mellon-vault, a typical property of Romano-Gothic churches. A later variant of Romano-Gothicism features pointed arches, like at this church in Stedum . Note that many arches are purely decorative. The late-Romanesque style (German: Spätromanik) of the Rhineland has often been called Romano-Gothic as well. This can particularly be seen in Limburg Cathedral in Limburg an der Lahn which combines

1643-612: The late 12th and early 13th century include the Glorification of the Virgin window (Bay 123), a rare example of a window signed with the emblem of its maker. A number of windows from the 13th century are found in the choir, including the life of Saint Jean the Baptist. Some of these windows were commissioned by Bishop Guillaume de Beaumont, whose figure appears in the windows devoted to saint Julien, and whose coat of arms appears in

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1696-688: The mediaeval porch on the west front had to be demolished because of its dilapidated condition. Built in the Angevin Gothic style in front of the entrance gate, it had two levels. Four pointed arches are the only surviving vestiges of the original porch. In the mid-19th century, the Neo-Gothic pulpit was created by the Bishop Choyer, with the support of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc , who was overseeing multiple Gothic restoration projects in France. Various reconstruction projects were developed in

1749-596: The northern provinces of the Netherlands, especially Groningen , many churches are built in this style. The Romano-Gothic style period is from 1250 until 1350. Typical for this style are the walls and gables of brick that are richly decorated with recesses and patterns of bricks. An early example of this group is found in Leermens , where in c. 1250 a new choir was built to a Romanesque church. In this early stage of Romano-Gothicism only round-topped arches were used. In

1802-552: The people of France, and all clergy would become state employees, with their salaries fixed and paid by the government. The new political unit was to be the " département ", of which eighty-four were planned. It was determined by the Constituent Assembly that the Church was overloaded with bishops; therefore the number of dioceses needed to be reduced, from the 135 of the Ancien Régime, to 82 or 83, and that to

1855-407: The religions in France under their control. The Roman Church was rich, and therefore powerful. The Revolution needed to redirect that power and acquire that wealth to finance their own projects. One device was to transfer old loyalties by breaking up the traditional units of political, social and religious organization. The property of the religious organizations was to be confiscated for the benefit of

1908-495: The round Roman arch and the Gothic ribbed vault, and is one of the most complete creations of Late Romanesque architecture. It was printed on the reverse of the 1,000 Deutsche Mark note from the second series, which was in circulation from 1960 to 1989. The cathedral was recently renovated and painted to reflect its original appearance. Paderborn Cathedral is a hall church (i.e. with three naves instead of one) completed in 1270 in

1961-527: The route to Santiago de Compostela. The fourth bishop was Brice of Tours . Stories about his tenure suggest tensions between the regular clergy and the secular priests in Tours at that time. Saint Perpetuus was bishop from 460 to 490. During his administration Christianity was further developed and consolidated in the province of Touraine . He was followed by Volusianus of Tours , a relative of Ruricius of Limoges . The first cathedral, dedicated to Saint Maurice,

2014-472: The saints standing before architectural settings. One of his notable windows is in Bay 109, depicting Saint René. was also the creator of the two rose windows, which depict the signs of the coming end of the world, a popular theme in 15th century manuscripts, but rare in stained glass windows. By the end of the 19th century any of the early windows had been destroyed. Other early windows in the nave were destroyed by

2067-407: The significant works in the cathedral are: A pipe organ has been in the cathedral from as early as the 14th century but the current version was built only in 1617 by the organ maker, Jacques Girardet, who was probably recycling the pipes and other parts from the previous organ. An earlier organ was replaced in 1416 with a new case by Jean Chabencel but in 1451 it was destroyed by a fire. A replacement

2120-650: The site was dedicated to the Virgin Mary but in 396 Saint Martin , the Archbishop of Tours , added the Theban Egyptian martyr Saint Maurice to the dedication. He had acquired a relic of some of the blood of the members of the Theban Legion , who were martyred with Saint Maurice in the 3rd century for converting to Christianity . The relic was brought to Tours and later, according to the legend,

2173-478: The supervision of his successors, Renaud de Martigné (1102–1125), Ulger (1125–1148) and Normand de Doué (1148–1153). The altar crucifix was blessed in 1051 and the new altar was consecrated in 1096. In the mid-12th century, the cathedral underwent another transformation. Atop the Romanesque lower walls new walls and vaults were constructed in the Angevin variation of Gothic architecture ; which took its name from

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2226-446: The supports of the Romanesque walls, up to the middle level of the walls. Then massive pillars of clustered columns were put in place supporting the arches of three large vaults. The space between ribs of the vaults on the upper walls was filled with very large stained glass windows, filling the interior with light. The choir and transept were constructed after the nave, between 1235 and 1274. The walls and vaults were similar to those of

2279-675: The third year of his pontificate, Archbishop Herardus held a diocesan synod, in which a codification was issued of the capitula ('regulations') of the diocese. The document contained 140 chapters. On 21 January 1216, Pope Innocent III confirmed an agreement entered into between the Archbishop of Tours and the Chapter of the cathedral on the election of a Dean and Provosts. After the death of Archbishop Jean de la Faye in April 1228, there appears to have been considerable difficulty in finding

2332-442: The three different periods of the construction of the cathedral. The lower portions are Romanesque, with thick walls, rounded arches, and a Romanesque portal and a central window. The towers on either side are Flamboyant Gothic, with rich decoration and a delicate dissymmetry. The central tower is a work of Renaissance architecture , with classical influences, built between 1533 and 1537. The portal, much damaged and restored over

2385-672: The window depicting the life of Saint Thomas Becket (F-108 left in the Choir). Some of the windows mix glass from different periods; the window of the Life of Saint Martin contains glass from the 16th century, from the Priory of the Verger of Seichs-sur-le-Loire, combined with earlier works from 1230 to 1235, which were originally made for the transept. Following a fire in 1451, new windows were commissioned from André Robin representing large figures of

2438-414: Was added in the 16th century. The originals were replaced with copies in 1909. The nave was constructed as a single vessel, without chapels. The current chapel on the south lower nave was originally a separate church for the parish, which was later attached to the cathedral. The lower walls are Romanesque, rebuilt in the early 11th century. In about 1150, a major rebuilding added the enormous arches between

2491-458: Was built by Bishop Lidoire, sometime in the fourth century; it burned down in 561, but was restored by Gregory of Tours. Bishop Chrotbert (Robert) is mentioned in the earliest grant of privileges to the Monastery of St. Martin in Tours, made by Pope Adeodatus (672–676). The document survives only in two copies which differ significantly between them; both are suspect. In May 858, which was

2544-457: Was built in 1507 on the initiative of Anne of Brittany on the original spot, the organ loft in the choir . It was restored for the first time, after another fire, in 1533 by Peter Bert and for the second time in 1701 by Marin Ingoult, who added the pedalboard . When Ingoult was done, the organ had, besides the pedalboard, 47 stops with four keyboards ( manuals ). In the 18th century, its case

2597-408: Was consecrated a bishop on 10 April by Constitutional Bishops Massieu , Delcher, and Sibille. His consecration was valid, but uncanonical and schismatic, and brought him excommunication. As bishop, he was at first conservative and somewhat rigorous, refusing to sanction the marriage of clergy, but later he succumbed to pressure. At the end of 1793, when Religion was abolished and replaced by Reason and

2650-464: Was involved in the major restoration of the cathedral. Its carved sculpture features images of the patron of the cathedral, Saint Maurice, as well a figure of Adam supporting the pulpit from below. The cathedral has a particularly fine collection of medieval tapestries. The oldest group, which depicts the Apocalypse and Acts of Revelation, was donated to the cathedral by René of Anjou in 1480. It

2703-597: Was never bishop, since he made his acceptance conditional upon receiving the traditional bulls from the pope, which never happened. In May 1801 First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte required the resignation of all Constitutional bishops; he was in the process of completing a concordat with the Papacy , and the Constitutional Church was an obstacle. After the Concordat went into effect, Pius VII was able to issue

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2756-758: Was replaced. Between 1869 and 1872, the organ was reorganized by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll . In 1957 it was electrified, adding 19 stops to make a total of 66 stops, with just three manuals and a pedalboard. It is in the balcony of the organ loft at the west end of the cathedral. (expressif / enclosed) Montre 8' Bourdon 8' Unda Maris 8' Prestant 4' Flûte douce 4' Quinte 2 2/3' Doublette 2' Cornet 8' V Fourniture III Cymbale III Trompette 8' Cromorne 8' Clairon 4' Bourdon 16' Montre 8' Bourdon 8' Flûte harmonique 8' Salicional 8' Grosse Quinte 5 1/3' Prestant 4' Flûte 4' Archbishop of Tours The Archdiocese of Tours ( Latin : Archidioecesis Turonensis ; French : Archidiocèse de Tours )

2809-494: Was therefore declared to be vacant. On 13 March 1791 the electors of Indre-et-Loire met in Tours in the cathedral. They were harangued by members of the Société des Amis de la Constitution, who pressed for the election of their president, a former Oratorian by the name of Ysabeau, who, however, could not muster a majority. Instead on the next day the electors chose Pierre Suzor, the curate of Ecueillé. He proceeded to Paris, where he

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