80-439: Roskear is a street and area on the eastern edge of Camborne , Cornwall . In the early 1900s, the area had a tram loop. Roskear is known in the 2000s mostly for its cricket ground, which is located off South Roskear Terrace. The ground is built on the site of the former North Roskear Mine, and is surrounded on all sides by housing. The ground has previously acted as a home ground for Cornwall County Cricket Club and has been
160-408: A leat from higher up the valley, and starting at the lowest end of the deposit they would dig a trench (known as the "tye") as deep as possible to allow the finer gangue to be washed away. From there they would start working up the valley, using the stream of water to wash over the debris they had loosened from the bed with picks. This method of working leaves characteristic evidence in the valleys -
240-520: A clock before 1882) and the aisles are identical in design: the building was gutted and restored in 1861-62 and an outer south aisle was added in 1878–79 to a design by James Piers St Aubyn . The church was re-opened on 7 August 1879 by Edward Benson , the Bishop of Truro . An inscribed altar stone found at Chapel Ia, Troon (now set up as the Lady Chapel altar in the parish church), and dated to
320-474: A crazing mill, stamping was introduced. This involved vertical hammers powered by a waterwheel in a Stamp mill , of which at least 60 are known to have existed on Dartmoor. The first documentary evidence for a stamping mill on Dartmoor is dated 1504, though they would almost certainly have been in use earlier than this (the first reference for Cornwall is from 1400, for instance). Stamping mills were also known as "knacking" or "knocking" mills; Knacking Mill Gulf,
400-707: A family business founded in 1801, was for generations, Camborne's, and indeed Cornwall's largest manufacturer of industrial equipment, even making the famous Sten submachine gun for a stint during the Second World War . The Holman Projector was used by the Royal Navy . At its height Holmans was spread over three sites within Camborne, employing some three and half thousand men. Despite Britain's industrial decline , Compair Holmans Camborne factory finally closed in 2003. A modest quantity of South Crofty tin
480-633: A large civil parish and has a town council . Camborne-Redruth is on the northern side of the Carn Brea / Carnmenellis granite upland which slopes northwards to the sea. The two towns are linked by the A3047 road which was turnpiked in 1839 and the villages along the road (from the west) were Roskear, Tuckingmill, Pool and Illogan. Running north-south are a number of small streams with narrow river valleys which have been deeply-cut following centuries of tin streaming and other industrial processes. An example
560-524: A number of schools covering all age ranges, notably the main secondary school, Camborne Science and International Academy , and a campus of Cornwall College . Camborne is twinned with two places: Santez-Anna-Wened in Brittany, France, and Pachuca, Hidalgo in Mexico. Camborne was twinned with Pachuca at a ceremony in Mexico on 3 July 2008. The town name inspired the name of Camborne, New Zealand ,
640-442: A pair of circular stones used like millstones, the top one rotating on the fixed lower stone. The coarse gravel or crushed ore was introduced into a hole in the centre of the top stone and was rendered to a fine sand. Only three examples of such crazing mills have been found; at Gobbet mine both stones are still visible. As it became necessary to regularly process pieces of ore-bearing rock that were too large to be directly ground in
720-461: A phase of aggradation occurred in the Erme valley between the 4th century and 7th century, providing evidence of late Roman or early post-Roman tin mining activity in this valley. The same study confirmed what documentary evidence also relates: that there was a boom in tin production in the 13th century. The earliest written record of tin streaming comes from the 12th century. By the 15th century,
800-432: A row, powered by the same drive and operating in sequence. At first this process operated on the dry ore, which was shovelled in and removed by hand. However, in a 16th-century innovation from Europe, the stamp heads were surrounded by a wooden box with a finely perforated grill at one end and the ore was washed into the box by a stream of water which also washed out the crushed ore once it was just fine enough to pass through
880-555: A seaside suburb of Porirua City developed by an investment company headed by an Arthur Cornish. Most of its street names are of Cornish origin. It adjoins the suburb of Plimmerton . Dartmoor tin-mining#Streaming The tin mining industry on Dartmoor , Devon , England, is thought to have originated in pre- Roman times, and continued right through to the 20th century, when the last commercially worked mine (Golden Dagger Mine) closed in November 1930 (though it saw work during
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#1732784038836960-402: A series of ever more sophisticated processes were used for these operations. Early streamworkers operating on a small scale used a block of hard stone as a mortar and perhaps a metalbound piece of wood or a ball of stone as a pestle to break up the ore when necessary, but the rich gravels would have required little or no crushing before concentration. A later technique called "crazing" employed
1040-475: A series of ridges of the larger gangue material, sometimes roughly perpendicular to, sometimes coaxial with the line of the valley, sometimes apparently haphazard, all bounded by a scarp which marked the edge of the worked ground and whose height relates to the depth of the deposits. Eluvial deposits —those that had weathered from the lode in the usual way, but had not then been transported by flowing water—were also worked; these tended to be poorer deposits due to
1120-499: A shallow side valley in the upper reaches of the River Erme , attests to the existence of such a mill there at one time. The hammers or "stamps" in a stamping mill consisted of vertical balks of timber, iron-shod at the bottom, which were lifted by cams attached to the waterwheel drive shaft, and repeatedly dropped onto the ore which lay on a block of granite known as a mortarstone. There were usually two or three of these stamps in
1200-439: A single Minor Counties Championship fixture played there annually. Starting in 1947, the ground returned to hosting two matches per season, an arrangement which lasted until 1958; thereafter a single match was played annually, until 1969. Between 1970 and 1973, Cornwall didn't play at the ground, but did return in 1974, playing annually there until 1979. A single match was played there in 1981, after which Cornwall did not play at
1280-447: A waterwheel, which rotated above the buddle and carried brushes or pieces of fabric that dragged across the surface of the settling deposits. By continuously disturbing the surface of the deposit, these stopped the formation of rivulets and allowed better separation to be obtained. The buddle would be run until the deposit built up to between 6 and 12 inches (15 and 30 cm.) deep. The deposits would then be dug out in three portions,
1360-537: Is a Celtic word meaning "mine" or "works"). Some larger mines, however, such as Eylesbarrow and the Vitifer – Birch Tor complex were productive for many years. Almost all of the underground mines re-worked lodes that had already been mined from the surface. Because of the great quantity of underground water, it was necessary to dig horizontal adits into the hillsides to de-water the mines. Dartmoor's topography, cut with deep valleys, helped there and in many cases it
1440-414: Is a cross at Camborne Park Recreation Ground. Two other chapels are known to have existed in the medieval period: one not far from the parish church was dedicated to Our Lady and St Anne and one at Menadarva (derived from Merther-Derwa) was one of Celtic origin dedicated to St Derwa, Virgin, but mentioned in 1429. The A30 trunk road now by-passes the town around its northern edge. The old A30 through
1520-437: Is also classed by Great Western Railway (GWR) as a short station stop). The platforms have been upgraded but the memory lives on, again partly in stories by the comedian Jethro . Camborne railway station is served by CrossCountry and GWR trains. CrossCountry provide one service in each direction from Plymouth-Penzance. Camborne was, for a quarter of a century, one of the termini of Cornwall's only tram service . This system
1600-450: Is confirmed by early documents that mention taxation of first and second smeltings. The introduction of the efficient blowing house process in around 1300 allowed the use of just one smelting. Later still reverberatory furnaces were used. Both types were in use at Eylesbarrow mine in the first half of the 19th century—the last place on Dartmoor where smelting was done. The effects of the large scale of early tin streaming were felt on
1680-406: Is dedicated to St Martin and St Meriadoc : it is entirely of granite, of 15th century date, but incorporating earlier structural features, including a Norman chevron stone in the west wall of the north aisle found in 2009 and is listed Grade I. St Martin was added to the original dedication to St Meriadoc in the 15th century. There is a western tower about 60 feet high containing eight bells (with
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#17327840388361760-547: Is likely that the joint problems of the hardness of the granite rock and the preponderance of underground water together with the relatively easy pickings from near the surface made deep mining unviable until the late 18th century. Many small mining enterprises started up on Dartmoor in the late 18th and 19th centuries – 48 mines are known to have produced some tin during this period. Many of these ventures were unsuccessful, despite being given optimistic names like Wheal Fortune, Wheal Lucky and Wheal Prosper (the common prefix Wheal
1840-693: Is one of the grounds used by the Cornish rugby team and has hosted many notable international sides including the New Zealand ' All Blacks ' in 1905, 1924 and 1953, Australia in 1908, 1947 and 1967, South Africa 1960, United States 1977 and numerous other touring sides such as the South African Barbarians and Canterbury (NZ) . Since 2006 it was agreed to ground share the Recreation Ground with local Division One team
1920-516: Is the Red River valley which crosses the A3047 at Tuckingmill. To the north, the A30 (road) forms a boundary between the urban area and the agricultural land on the other side. Camborne has an oceanic climate typical of Cornwall with particularly narrow temperature ranges even by British standards . The absence of a large landmass nearby means that warm air from the continent gets cooled down over
2000-659: The 2024 United Kingdom general election the results were: The Camborne Local Board was established in 1873; the seal was a mine shaft and engine house depicted with the date 1873 and the legend "The Local Board for the District of Camborne". This was replaced by the Camborne Urban District in 1895 which commissioned the council offices in 1903. The urban district was merged with that of Redruth and parts of Redruth Rural District and Helston Rural District (both of which were being abolished) in 1934 to form
2080-846: The Camborne-Redruth Urban District . The urban district persisted until it was merged into the Kerrier district of Cornwall under the Local Government Act 1972 . Until May 2021, Camborne was represented by five electoral divisions: Camborne Pendarves , Camborne Roskear , Camborne Trelowarren , Camborne Treslothan , and Camborne Treswithian . From the 2021 Cornwall Council election , Camborne will be covered by four divisions: Four Lanes, Beacon and Troon; Camborne Roskear and Tuckingmill; Camborne Trelowarren; and Camborne West and Treswithian. Political composition of Town Council Camborne's parish church
2160-508: The Cornish Pirates and the ground has undergone major refurbishment including a new stand for the 2007–08 and 2008–09 seasons. Notable local rugby players include Josh Matavesi 18-year-old debut for Fiji against Scotland in 2010, his younger brother Sam, debut against Canada in 2013. Camborne has been a major centre for Cornish wrestling for many centuries. There were various venues where tournaments were held including:
2240-436: The lodes trend ENE–WSW and are of limited length, though there are exceptions. In the underground workings, the tin ore, cassiterite , was usually found in association with large amounts of tourmaline , and in central Dartmoor with much specular haematite . In the southern part of the moor, the cassiterite was usually found in relatively large grains, but the lodes were of very variable quality. These factors, combined with
2320-476: The "middles" often being reprocessed in another buddle of a slightly different specification. The earliest method of liberating the metal from the tin ore necessitated two smeltings: the first was done at or near the streamworks and involved no more than a fire used to roast the ore; the second smelting was done at one of the Stannary towns . Little is known of the details of these practices, but their existence
2400-523: The 'Queen of Cornish Mines' was, at a depth of 3,500 feet (1,067 m), for many years the deepest mine in the world, not to mention one of the oldest before its closure in 1921. The last working tin mine in Europe, South Crofty , which closed in 1998, is also to be found in Camborne. Apart from the mines themselves, Camborne was also home to many important related industries, including the once world-renowned foundry of Holman Bros Ltd ( CompAir ). Holmans,
2480-406: The 10th or 11th centuries, attests to the existence of a settlement then. It is inscribed ' Leuiut iusit hec altare pro anima sua '. The chapel of St Ia was recorded in 1429 and a holy well was nearby. The site was called Fenton-ear (i.e. the well of Ia). The stone is very similar to one now used as the mensa of the Lady Chapel altar at Treslothan Parish Church, formerly used from c.1841 to 1955 as
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2560-411: The 16th century. The town is best known as a centre for the former Cornish tin and copper mining industry, having its working heyday during the later 18th and early 19th centuries. Camborne was just a village until transformed by the mining boom which began in the late 18th century and saw the Camborne and Redruth district become the "richest square mile in the old world". As the economic recession of
2640-643: The 1870s led to the first years of mining decline in Camborne, social tensions mounted. In October 1873 thousands of miners, aided and abetted by the townspeople, rioted against a hated, authoritarian police force. One of the greatest shows of mining defiance in Cornish history left the Town Hall vandalised, the Police Station ransacked, and the estimated fifty constables present in the town beaten and scattered. The militia were called in from Plymouth to quell
2720-535: The 20th century several Cornish words and phrases were noted as still in use amongst the inhabitants of Camborne. These include taw tavas (silent tongue) and allycumpoester (all in order). Although a limited amount of Cornish was taught in some schools in west Cornwall during the 19th and early 20th centuries the first school to properly dedicate itself to teaching revived Cornish was the Mount Pleasant House school run by E. G. Retallack Hooper in
2800-568: The Second World War), and "composite mines" such as those producing tin as a by- product, such as Hemerdon Mine in Plympton continue to operate today. From the 12th century onwards tin mining was regulated by a stannary parliament which had its own laws. Tin is smelted from cassiterite , a mineral found in hydrothermal veins in granite , and the uplands of Dartmoor were a particularly productive area. The techniques used for
2880-774: The United Kingdom, until the Royal School of Mines was established in 1851. Plans for the school were laid out in 1829, leading to the current school in 1888. It now forms part of the University of Exeter ; it moved to the university's Tremough campus (now known as Penryn Campus ) in 2004. On Christmas Eve 1801, the Puffing Devil – a steam-powered road locomotive built by Camborne engineer Richard Trevithick – made its way up Camborne Hill in Cornwall. It
2960-411: The base for a sundial in the grounds of Pendarves House. Camborne churchyard contains a number of crosses collected from nearby sites: the finest is one found in a well at Crane in 1896 but already known from William Borlase 's account of it when it was at Fenton-ear. Arthur Langdon (1896) records six crosses in the parish, including two at Pendarves , two at Trevu and one outside the institute. There
3040-577: The churches of the West Country of England. The motif appears in architectural wood carving , stone carving , window tracery and stained glass . In South Western England there are nearly thirty recorded examples of the Three Hares appearing on ' roof bosses ' (carved wooden knobs) on the ceilings in medieval churches in Devon, (particularly Dartmoor). There is a good example of a roof boss of
3120-567: The coast, as several harbours silted up due to the amount of fine material that was washed down the rivers. Because of this, in 1532 a Stannary Court decree ordained that all rubbish should be deposited in "old Hatches, Tipittes, miry Places, or other convenient Places" away from the main streams. The impact of mining on the Dartmoor landscape is still clear to see. Walkers on the moor will often stumble upon ruined blowing houses and mortar stones, featuring rows of semi-circular depressions, in which
3200-403: The collection of alluvial deposits from river and stream beds where they had accumulated after being eroded from the ore-bearing lodes . The geological processes that resulted in the deposition of the cassiterite in the stream beds often resulted in very pure tin gravel which was mixed with gravels of other, unwanted, minerals such as quartz, mica and feldspar, collectively known as gangue . It
3280-509: The early 18th century and had fallen to nothing by 1730. This was due to a number of factors, but the most important was likely to be the exhaustion of the easily accessible deposits. It was not until the Industrial Revolution fuelled demand for all metals and also provided the technology to mine them that mining resumed on the moor on any scale. Although underground mining technology had been available for many centuries, it
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3360-572: The extraction of tin from Dartmoor followed a progression from streaming through open cast mining to underground mining. Today, there are extensive archaeological remains of these three phases of the industry, as well as of the several stages of processing that were necessary to convert the ore to tin metal. Mining became such an important part of life in the region that as early as the 12th century, tin miners developed their own set of laws ( stannary law ) and, ultimately, their own parliaments (stannary parliaments). These laws applied to anyone involved in
3440-544: The fact that none of the underground workings was found to be profitable at depth, are typical of the deepest zone of tin mineralisation. The once very extensive alluvial deposits of tin ore, that were the first deposits to be mined, also point to the vast quantity of ore that once existed in lodes that have been eroded from above the granite since it was emplaced in the Carboniferous period. The earliest means of recovery, known as streaming or streamworking, involved
3520-846: The field adjoining the Pendarves Arms Inn at Beacon, the Unicorn Inn, the White Hart Inn and the recreation ground. There were various local cups that were competed for including the "Mrs Bramble Cup", the "Allen Cup" and the "Moreing Cup". Sam Ham (1880–1946), was born in Condurrow near Camborne, was the 1910 middleweight Cornish wrestling champion of South Africa. See Cornish wrestling in Roskear and Cornish wrestling in Pool A Church of England National School
3600-477: The following season they played Devon in the same competition. A second List A match was played there in the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy , with Somerset Cricket Board as visitors, with Cornwall again winning. From 2003, the ground hosted six further Minor Counties Championship matches, the last of which saw Wiltshire as the visitors in 2009. A total of 92 Minor Counties Championship matches have been played there. The last MCCA Knockout Trophy match
3680-399: The gangue. Many different mechanical methods were used, including rectangular and circular buddles, Wilfley tables and revolving slime tables, kieves, trommels, and even magnetic separation. An early separation method was the rectangular buddle which was simply a slightly inclined plane over which the crushed material was washed by a gentle stream of water. The heavier ore would settle near
3760-541: The grill. This was a vast improvement over dry stamping because it was a continuous process that also stopped the production of unwanted very fine dust. The characteristic indicator of a former stamping mill is the mortarstone. These are blocks of granite up to a metre long with flat faces bearing two, three or (rarely) four circular or elliptical hollows usually around 17 cm in diameter and up to about 10 cm deep. Many of these mortarstones have hollows on more than one face, showing that they were turned and reused once
3840-577: The ground for another decade. They returned there in 1992, playing one Minor Counties Championship match there a season until 2000. List A cricket was first played there in 2001, when Cornwall played Cheshire in the Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy , which Cornwall won by 3 wickets. In that same season, the ground hosted its first MCCA Knockout Trophy match, when Cornwall played the Gloucestershire Cricket Board , while
3920-545: The guidance of the Royal Institution of Cornwall . There are also early Christian sites such as an inscribed altar stone, (now in the Church of St Martin and St Meriadoc ), and dated to the 10th or 11th centuries, which attests to the existence of a settlement then. Langdon (1896) records seven stone crosses in the parish of which two are at Pendarves. By the late Middle Ages manorial holdings developed in
4000-497: The hollows became too deep for effective stamping. Improvements to the technology in the 18th and 19th centuries involved increasing the number of stamping heads and replacing the granite mortarstone with a thick bed of crushed quartz contained in a masonry or iron box. By the 1900s there were several different types of stamps in use: Cornish, Californian, Holman's Pneumatic, etc. Although individual grains or pebbles of alluvial tin collected by streaming were often of high purity it
4080-519: The home of Camborne Cricket Club since 1905. Cornwall first played at the ground against Devon in the 1906 Minor Counties Championship . A single Minor Counties Championship match was played there annually to 1911, after which two fixtures were held there each year until the First World War, as well as after the war in 1921 and 1922. With the exception of 1931, when two fixtures were held, each season after 1922 and up to World War II saw
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#17327840388364160-515: The industry. Stannaries were established in Tavistock , Ashburton and Chagford by King Edward I in 1305. Plympton followed soon after. The Devon stannary parliament met in an open-air forum at Crockern Tor from 1494. Anyone who broke a stannary law could find himself imprisoned in the gaol at Lydford . The stannary courts were abolished in 1836. The majority of the tin mines on Dartmoor are located in granite country rock and most of
4240-568: The insurrection, and the Home Secretary, Robert Lowe , asked to be kept informed of events. The Camborne riots were reported in the national newspapers and Sir Colman Rashleigh , JP for Cornwall, had to address the Grand Jury regarding the tumult. The entire Camborne police force was found to be at fault and either removed from duty or transferred as a result. No rioter was ever convicted. Dolcoath Mine , (English: Old Ground Mine ),
4320-423: The lack of sorting that a stream provides, and they usually did not have such a ready supply of water available to work them. They are found on gently sloping hillsides. Where possible the water needed to work these deposits was carried by a leat from the nearest available river, or if the site was above such supplies, reservoirs were constructed to collect rainwater and runoff from hillsides. A study has shown that
4400-445: The later 19th century had a major impact on the Dartmoor industry, and many miners emigrated. The last tin mine on Dartmoor eventually closed just before the Second World War , although Hemerdon Mine , or Hemerdon Ball, was mined for tungsten and tin on a trial basis in the 1980s, leading to the re-opening this mine with first production in 2015. After collection the tin ore had to be crushed, concentrated and then smelted. Over time
4480-480: The mining industry. In the expanding town gasworks were opened in 1834, the Hayle Railway was built (1834–37) and Holmans opened a small foundry in 1839. The current Market House was completed in 1866. Mining is first recorded locally in the 1400s with early exploitation of the small streams cutting through the mineralised area and from shallow mines following lodes. Adit mining was first recorded in
4560-439: The moor today. Several of these gullies retain names that include the word beam : Gibby Beam, Willabeam and Scudley Beam, for example. They are also known as "openworks" or "gerts". Another method of surface mining involved digging pits at intervals along the lode – this was known as "lodeback-work". At times these pits were dug in pairs along the back of the lode and the lode followed underground between them. This may have been
4640-460: The ore was crushed. Many of the later mine shafts have now been filled in, but a few do still remain, fenced off to prevent walkers or animals from falling in. The three hares is a circular motif which appears in sacred sites from the Middle and Far East to the churches of south west England (where it is often referred to as the "Tinners’ Rabbits"). It occurs with the greatest frequency in
4720-443: The overburden, which consisted at least partly of decomposed granite ("growan"), was loosened with picks, and then water was used to wash away the unwanted material instead of manhandling it. Means of collecting, diverting and storing water were always associated with openworks. In some cases when only poor sources of water were available complex systems of reservoirs were built. The Dartmoor tin industry declined in importance during
4800-536: The parish includes a section of the South West Coast Path , Hell's Mouth and Deadman's Cove. Camborne was formerly one of the richest tin mining areas in the world and home to the Camborne School of Mines . Camborne is in the western part of the largest urban and industrial area in Cornwall with the town of Redruth three miles (five kilometres) east. It is the ecclesiastical centre of
4880-607: The pioneering Celtic linguist Edward Lhuyd came to Cornwall to study the language and visited Camborne, detailing many aspects of the parish. One of the most important surviving works of medieval Cornish literature is Beunans Meriasek , the Life of St Meriadoc the patron saint of Camborne. In the 19th century the nickname for Camborne people was Mera-jacks, or Merry-geeks, and those who washed in St Meriasek's well were called Merrasicks, Merrasickers, Moragicks or Mearagaks. In
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#17327840388364960-464: The post- Second World War period. By 1984 Cornish was being taught in Troon and Camborne primary schools as well as Camborne secondary school and there was a Cornish language playgroup. In 2000 Roskear and Weeth schools were teaching Cornish. In the 2011 United Kingdom census , although there was no specific Cornish language question, thirty people living in the parish of Camborne declared that Cornish
5040-439: The precursor to beamworks in a number of locations, but enough lodeback pits survive to indicate that it was a separate technique. The issue that mine managers had to decide was whether it was worth removing the extra overburden to form a gulley in order to be able to mine deeper into the lode. In a similar fashion to streamworking, much use was made of water for the removal of the overburden and gangue. When digging large gullies
5120-488: The sea in summer. In winter, cold air masses get moderated by the same effect. Rainfall is frequent all year due to moist air from the Gulf Stream . The UK Met Office operate an Upper Air Station in Camborne. The first mention of the medieval Camborne churchtown is in 1181 although in 1931 the ruins of a probable Romano-British villa were found at Magor Farm, Illogan, near Camborne, and excavated that year under
5200-482: The shaft was higher than a good water supply, the waterwheel was located lower down the hillside and the power transferred up to the shaft by a " flatrod " system. Evidence for these systems survives as double rows of stones with grooves on their tops – these held the pulleys that guided the metal rods. Such stone rows are still visible at Eylesbarrow and at Hexworthy. The discovery of extensive tin deposits in Malaya in
5280-403: The sources of stream tin were becoming scarce and since the demand for tin was as strong as ever, the direct working of lodes was considered viable despite the greater effort needed in both extraction and refining. "Beamworks" was the name given by the tinners to workings where the lode was followed by digging down from the surface, and the massive gullies that resulted remain prominent features of
5360-418: The surrounding area, and church-paths linked the churchtown to the outlying hamlets. Cornish medieval mystery plays were held in a playing place and the churchyard is said to have had a pilgrimage chapel and holy well. John Norden visited in 1584 and described Camborne as " A churche standinge among the barrayne hills ". At this time there would have been moors and rough grazing as well as small fields in
5440-415: The surrounding countryside. By 1708 Camborne had rights to hold markets and three fairs a year. A sign of increasing industrial activity and increasing industrial population is the first chapel built in 1806 and the development of a local Methodist community. In 1823 the population was around 2,000 and in 1841 it was 4,377, with 75 smiths recorded and over two-thirds of the working population employed in
5520-409: The top of the incline while the lighter material would settle lower down or be washed off the buddle altogether. As there was a gradation in quality from the top to the bottom, the mineworker's skill lay in deciding where to make the dividing line between the wanted material and the waste. The division was often made in three parts: the "heads", which represented the best quality ore; the "middles", which
5600-468: The town has become the A3047. The railway station is a half-mile south from the town centre, with a level crossing and footbridge at its eastern end. Camborne railway station used to be famous for its short platforms, which meant that passengers on main line services between London Paddington and Penzance could only board and alight from certain carriages. Partly because of this not all services stopped at Camborne, preferring nearby Redruth (which
5680-684: Was built in College Street in 1844 (replaced by a newer building further up the street towards the parish church in 1896-now demolished); in the following year a school for four hundred boys was opened in the Centenary Methodist Chapel and in 1847 the Basset Road British (Methodist) School was opened. A School of Mines started in 1872 with the Basset family paying for chemistry laboratories. The town now has
5760-416: Was often reprocessed; and the "tailings", which was dumped. From about 1848 a circular form of the buddle was introduced. The crushed ore, suspended in water was introduced onto a central cone and spread outwards over a slightly inclined conical surface. The "heads" would settle near the centre and the "tailings" at the outer edge. The main innovation of the circular buddle was a set of sweep arms, powered by
5840-513: Was opened in November 1902 and ran a regular service to Redruth until it closed in September 1927. Camborne RFC were established in 1878 and are one of the most famous clubs in Cornwall, having produced numerous Cornwall players over the years. In 1987 Camborne were the highest placed Cornish club in the newly formed National leagues when they entered at 1987–88 Courage Area League South (equivalent to National League 2 South today). Camborne
5920-480: Was played there in 2008 with Berkshire as visitors. Cornish wrestling tournaments for prizes were held at Roskear cricket ground. 50°13′17″N 5°17′17″W / 50.2213°N 5.2881°W / 50.2213; -5.2881 Camborne Camborne ( Cornish : Kammbronn , "crooked hill") is a town in Cornwall , England. The population at the 2011 Census was 20,845. The northern edge of
6000-449: Was possible to dig to a reasonable depth without the need to pump out water. These adits connected with shafts that were either sunk vertically downwards or followed the line of the steeply dipping lode. Working the lode then took place by stoping from the horizontal levels in the usual manner. When it became necessary to go deeper than the lowest adit, it was essential to pump out the water. Large waterwheels were used for this and where
6080-519: Was purchased by a local enterprise and this gradually dwindling stock is used to make specialist tin jewellery, branded as the South Crofty Collection. Tin originally mined at South Crofty was used to form the bronze medals awarded in the 2012 London Olympics. Because of the prior importance of metal mining to the Cornish economy, the Camborne School of Mines (CSM) developed as the only specialist hard rock education establishment in
6160-414: Was relatively easy to separate these minerals on the basis of their very different specific gravities – cassiterite about 7 and gangue 3 or less. The separation was performed by passing a stream of water over the gravels: the gangue would be washed away faster than the wanted tin gravel. Once a tin-bearing valley had been identified, the stream-workers would arrange a stream of water, probably carried by
6240-404: Was the world's first self-propelled passenger carrying vehicle. The events have been turned into a local song: The Cornish language was the language of the area around Camborne until the beginning of the 18th century and it is recorded that everyone living west of Truro spoke Cornish in 1644. Nicholas Boson wrote that Cornish was spoken as far east as Redruth and Falmouth circa 1700. In 1700
6320-475: Was their main language at home, thirteen in Troon and Beacon. The Camborne and Redruth constituency was created for the 2010 general election , following a review of parliamentary representation in Cornwall by the Boundary Commission for England , which increased the number of seats in the county from five to six. It is primarily a successor to the former Falmouth and Camborne seat. In
6400-408: Was usually still necessary to remove the unwanted "gangue" material before the ore could be smelted. The need for this process, which was known as dressing the ore, increased as the poorer sources of lode tin were exploited. The principle of concentration was a refined version of that used by the early tin-streamers: it depended on the large difference in specific gravity between the wanted tin ore and
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