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38-575: Ratta was a minor dynasty who ruled over the Belagavi region of the Karnataka as a branch of Rashtrakutas . Savadatti ( Saundatti ), historically known as Sugandavarti was the capital of Ratta dynasty during 875-1250 CE period. Later their capital shifted to Belagavi ( Belgaum ) which is historically known as Venugrama . Belgaum was the capital of the Rattas during 1210 to 1250 A.D. Parasgad Fort

76-547: A non-ferrous metal , does not rust or otherwise deteriorate when exposed to oxygen the way iron does, but rather develops a protective patina . As primary historical documents and archaeological artifacts , the copper plates are invaluable tools for scholarly research in the general history and society of the Indian subcontinent in the 1st millennium CE, and in particular to the early history of Christianity in Asia and

114-536: A 2004 Indian newspaper report. Rare copper plates from the Gupta period have been found in North India. The use of copper plate inscriptions increased and for several centuries they remained the primary source of legal records. Most copper plate inscriptions record title-deeds of land-grants made to Charanas and Brahmanas , individually or collectively. The inscriptions followed a standard formula of identifying

152-688: A century ago and that transformed Belgaum city into foundry and hydraulics base. List of industrial clusters in Belgaum district that are identified by Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Belgaum district is a home to three universities: Visvesvaraya Technological University , Rani Channamma University, Belagavi and KLE University . Also, it has a nine engineering colleges, two medical colleges, two dental colleges, 15 polytechnics, 7 Indian system of medical colleges, and 180 degree colleges. Indian copper plate inscriptions The copper plates can survive intact indefinitely: copper , being

190-606: A majority of Marathi speaking citizens were included in the newly formed Maharashtra state. List of rivers flowing through Belgaum District According to the 2011 census Belagavi district has a population of 4,779,661, roughly equal to the nation of Singapore or the US state of Alabama . This gives it a ranking of 25th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 356 inhabitants per square kilometre (920/sq mi). Its population growth rate over

228-651: A portion of it survived in the Rattas (875–1250), who from 1210 onward made Venugrama their capital. Inscriptions give evidence of a long struggle between the Rattas and the Kadambas of Goa , who succeeded in the latter years of the 12th century in acquiring and holding part of the district. By 1208, however, the Kadambas had been overthrown by the Rattas, who in their turn succumbed to the Yadavas of Devagiri in 1250. After

266-413: A safe place such as within the walls or foundation of a temple, or hidden in stone caches in fields. Plates could be used more than once, as when a canceled grant was overstruck with a new inscription. These records were probably in use from the first millennium. A group of nine inscribed copper plates has been identified by Shinde in 2014 as the oldest such objects in the Indian subcontinent. They date to

304-647: A sizeable infantry post here, having realised the military importance of its geographic location. It is one of the reasons for Belgaum's sobriquet The Cradle of Infantry . Development of a rail network for the movement of resources and later troops was one of the means employed by both the British East India Company and the British to exert control over India. Belgaum's railway station, the Mahatma Gandhi Railway Station

342-485: A wealth of material for historians. Tirumala Venkateswara Temple have a unique collection of about 3000 copper plates on which the Telugu Sankirtans of Tallapaka Annamacharya and his descendants are inscribed. Tamil copper-plate inscriptions are engraved copper-plate records of grants of villages, plots of cultivable lands or other privileges to private individuals or public institutions by

380-462: A year. The district is famous for its native sweet, Kunda. According to the 2011 Census of India, it has a population of 4,779,661, of which 24.03% live in urban areas, making it the second most populous district in Karnataka (out of 31 ), after Bangalore Urban . The district has an area of 13,415 km (5,180 sq mi), making it the largest district in terms of size in Karnataka It

418-606: Is a district in the state of Karnataka , India. The district is known as the sugar bowl of Karnataka with 150,000 hectares being used for commercial production. It has overtaken Mandya district in sugarcane production over the last decade. The city of Belgaum (Belagavi) is the district headquarters in Belagavi district. It houses the Second legislative building , where the Karnataka Legislature holds session once

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456-421: Is a famous Veerbhadra temple there. Many devotees visit the area from Karnataka and Maharashtra. Hooli is one of the oldest villages in Belgaum district. There are many Chalukya temples in the village, including the famous Panchaligeswara temple. Kittur in Belgaum district is a place of historical importance. Rani Chennamma of Kittur (1778–1829) is known for her resistance to British rule. The British had

494-496: Is a ruined hill fort in the Belgaum district of Karnataka state, India. magnificent fort of Parashghad, dating back to the 10th century and built by famous rulers of Ratta dynasty Parasgad Fort is located about two kilometres south of Saundatti village, and stands on the south-west edge of a range of hills immediately overlooking the black soil plain down below. The hill which measures about 500 metres (1,640 ft) from north to south and about 300 metres (984 ft) from east to west,

532-596: Is also known as Malnad Pradesh. The most ancient place in the district is Halsi ; and this, according to inscriptions on copper plates discovered in its neighbourhood, was once the capital of a dynasty of nine Kadamba kings. It appears that from the middle of the 6th century to about 760 the area was held by the Chalukyas , who were succeeded by the Rashtrakutas . After the break-up of the Rashtrakuta dynasty

570-404: Is bounded by Kolhapur District and Sangli district of Maharashtra state on the west and north, on the northeast by Bijapur district , on the east by Bagalkot district , on the southeast by Gadag district , on the south by Dharwad and Uttara Kannada districts, and on the southwest by the state of Goa . The original name of the town of Belgaum was Venugrama, meaning Bamboo Village . It

608-526: Is irregular, and a good deal is covered with prickly pear and brushwood. Its sides are rocky and almost perpendicular. A deep gorge runs through it. In 1204, Belgaum Fort was built by chief Jaya Raja, who was also known as Bichi Raja . Later, the Yadavas of Devagiri defeated Rattas and captured the Belgaum Fort. The Belgaum fort (Originally built by the Ratta dynasty, later fortified by Yakub Ali Khan of

646-679: Is probably the Kalachala grant of Ishvararata, dated to the late fourth century on palaeographic basis. Some of the earliest authenticated copper plates were issued by the Pallava dynasty kings in the 4th century, and are in Prakrit and Sanskrit . An example of early Sanskrit inscription in which Kannada words are used to describe land boundaries, are the Tumbula inscriptions of Western Ganga Dynasty , which have been dated to 444 according to

684-736: The Bijapura sultans in 1686, Belgaum passed to the Mughals . In 1776 the country was overrun by Hyder Ali of Mysore , but was taken by the Madhavrao Peshwa . In 1818 it was handed over to the British East India Company , and was made part of the district of Dharwar . In 1836 this was divided into two parts, the northern district becoming Belgaum. Yadur is situated beside the Krishna River , and there

722-607: The Kalawan copper-plate inscriptions (c. 1st century CE or earlier) are among the earliest known instances of true copper plates being used for writing in the Indian subcontinent. These plates are not proper charters , unlike later copper-plate inscriptions. The oldest known copper-plate charter from the Indian subcontinent is the Patagandigudem inscription of the 3rd century CE Andhra Ikshvaku king Ehuvala Chamtamula. The oldest known copper-plate charter from northern India

760-560: The Mature Harappan era, and contain inscriptions up to 34 characters long. Their place of origin unknown. They are thought to have been used for copper plate printing. The Sohgaura copper-plate inscription, inscribed in the Brahmi script , may date to the 3rd century BCE Maurya Empire and is likely a precursor to the later copper-plate inscriptions. It is written on a small plaque of bronze (a copper alloy). The Taxila and

798-537: The 4th century BCE and the 3rd century CE. Epigraphic attestation of Tamil begins with rock inscriptions from the 3rd century BCE, written in Tamil-Brahmi , an adapted form of the Brahmi script . The earliest extant literary text is the Tolkāppiyam , a work on poetics and grammar which describes the language of the classical period, dated variously between the 5th century BCE and the 2nd century CE. Between

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836-487: The Belgaum City Corporation, there are 17 municipalities, 20 towns, 485 gram panchayats , 1,138 inhabited villages and 26 non-inhabited villages. The district has seven industrial areas, one special economic zone (SEZ) (India's first precision engineering SEZ with more than 200 acres) and 16 industrial estates. The city's industrial growth begin when Babu Rao Pusalkar set up a small unit in city over

874-537: The Bijapur Sultanate) was well known for its unique building structure and its huge moat surrounding the fort, which made it inaccessible to the enemies. The Belgaum fort served as a bulwark against the attacks of invading armies. It steadfastly held fort as Belgaum played host to a multitude of dynasties, from the Rattas, the Vijayanagar emperors, Bijapur Sultans, Marathas and finally the British. During

912-736: The Boundary Commission to include the Belgaum Municipal district in the proposed Samyukta Maharashtra state for the Marathi speakers. In accordance with the established policy of bifurcation on a linguistic majority basis, in 1956, the Belgaum district was incorporated into the newly formed Mysore state (now Karnataka ) with the passage of the States Reorganization Act , adjoining areas that had

950-449: The decade 2001–2011 was 13.38%. There were 969 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 73.94%. 25.34% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 12.08% and 6.22% of the population respectively. Hindus are the biggest religion in the district with 84.49% of the population. Muslims are the second-largest with 11.06% and Jains are 3.73%. Languages of Belagavi district (2011) At

988-738: The eighth and tenth centuries, rulers on the Malabar Coast awarded various rights and privileges to Nazranies ( Saint Thomas Christians ) on copper plates, known as Cheppeds, or Royal Grants or Sasanam. One of the most important sources of history in the Indian subcontinent are the royal records of grants engraved on copper-plates ( tamra-shasan or tamra-patra ; tamra means copper in Sanskrit and several other Indian languages). Because copper does not rust or decay, they can survive virtually indefinitely. Collections of archaeological texts from

1026-408: The freedom movement of India, Mahatma Gandhi was imprisoned here. The inside of the fort is stretched about 1000 yards long and 800 yards broad. The fort was well built as a Military store. An ancient Jain temple ( Kamal Basadi ) is also present inside the fort. Belgaum Fort has been ruled by Dynasties such as Kadambas, Rashtra Kutas, Kalyan Chalukyas, Rattas, Bahamanis, Marathas. In the year 1778 it

1064-526: The members of the various South Indian royal dynasties. The study of these inscriptions has been especially important in reconstructing the history of Tamil Nadu . The grants range in date from the 10th century C.E. to the mid 19th century C.E. A large number of them belong to the Chalukyas , the Cholas and the Vijayanagar kings. These plates are valuable epigraphically as they give us an insight into

1102-786: The neighbouring states where early inscriptions were written in Sanskrit and Prakrit, the early inscriptions in Tamil Nadu used Tamil along with some Prakrit. Tamil has the extant literature amongst the Dravidian languages , but dating the language and the literature precisely is difficult. Literary works in India were preserved either in palm leaf manuscripts (implying repeated copying and recopying) or through oral transmission, making direct dating impossible. External chronological records and internal linguistic evidence, however, indicate that extant works were probably compiled sometime between

1140-716: The overthrow of the Yadavas by the Delhi Sultanate (1320), Belgaum was for a short time under the rule of the latter; but only a few years later the part south of the Ghataprabha River was subject to the Hindu rajas of Vijayanagara . In 1347 the northern part was conquered by the Bahmani Sultanate , which in 1473 took the town of Belgaum and conquered the southern part also. When Aurangzeb overthrew

1178-410: The party claiming ownership of or rights to donated resources would be obligated to show their plates to the state authorities if challenged. As an additional indicator of the legitimacy of the endowment, it was not uncommon for donors to clasp the plates together with a ring bearing the donor's personal seal . As instruments of state expansion, the durability and easy retrievability of the copper plates

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1216-421: The royal donor and his lineage, followed by lengthy honorifics of his history, heroic deeds, and his extraordinary personal traits. After this would follow the details of the grant, including the occasion, the recipient, and the penalties involved if the provisions were disregarded or violated. Although the profusion of complimentary language can be misleading, the discovery of copper plate inscriptions have provided

1254-609: The social conditions of medieval South India; they also help us fill chronological gaps in the connected history of the ruling dynasties. For example, the Leyden grant (so called as they are preserved in the Museum of Leyden in Holland ) of Parantaka Chola and those of Parakesari Uttama Chola are among the most important, although the most useful part, i.e., the genealogical section, of the latter's plates seems to have been lost. Unlike

1292-436: The subcontinent. For instance, between the 8th and 10th centuries CE, authorities on the Malabar Coast granted special rights and concessions to the community known as Nasrani ( Saint Thomas Christians ) which were recorded on copper plates referred to as Cheppeds or Sasanam ("Royal Grants"). As legal documents, historians liken Indian copper plate engravings to a modern-day license or property deed , and suggest that

1330-558: The time of the 2011 census, 68.40% of the population spoke Kannada , 18.70% Marathi and 9.79% Urdu as their first language. The administration of Belgaum district has been divided into 15 taluks . Athani taluk is the largest with an area of 1,997.70 km and Raybag taluk is the smallest with an area of 958.8 km . The district comprises three revenue sub-divisions headquartered at Belgaum , Bailhongal and Chikodi governed by an assistant commissioner and taluks headed by Tehsildar and has six police sub-divisions. Apart from

1368-519: Was crucial to consolidating newly settled lands. Indian copper plate inscriptions ( tamarashasana ), usually record grants of land or lists of royal lineages carrying the royal seal, a profusion of which have been found in South India. Originally, texts were recorded on palm leaves, but when the records were legal documents such as title-deeds they were etched on a cave or temple wall, or more commonly, on copper plates which were then secreted in

1406-610: Was established by the British. A signboard declaring the sobriquet can be seen hung on Platform 1 at the station. After India became independent in 1947, the Belagavi district (which was in the erstwhile Bombay Presidency ) became a part of the Bombay State . In 1948, the Belgaum Municipality that was dominated by Marathi speaking politicians requested the Indian Dominion, Indian Constituent Assembly, and

1444-485: Was under Tipu Sultan kingdom. In 1818, Gen. Munro British Officer took over the fort & built houses inside the Fort for Residence of Army Officers. Rattas were patrons of Jainism . In 11th century AD, Jain saint Munichandra (Acarya, the founder of Ratta-rajya ) was a teacher and minister to chief Laksmideva (son of Kartivirya). Belagavi district Belagavi district , formerly also known as Belgaum district ,

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