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51-512: The neighboring municipalities of Rautjärvi are Parikkala and Ruokolahti , while to the east is the Russian border . The municipality is unilingually Finnish . Rautjärvi is mostly well known as the birthplace of legendary sniper Simo Häyhä , a hero of the Winter War of World War II . Rautjärvi was first mentioned in 1560 as Rauda Järffui as one of the villages of Jääski . It became

102-708: A part of the Ruokolahti parish after its establishment in 1572. The municipality of Rautjärvi was founded in the year of 1861. A few years prior in 1859, the Rautjärvi parish had founded an independent church. After the Winter War ended with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty on March 12, 1940, almost half of Rautjärvi (198.9 km) was handed over to the Soviet Union in accordance with

153-868: A private Orthodox Brotherhood of Protection of the Mother of God ( Pokrovan veljestö ry ) has operated in Kirkkonummi since 2000, with two permanent members. The following organizations operate within or on behalf of the Orthodox Church in Finland: The Finnish Orthodox Church established its own missionary organization in 1977 known as the Ortodoksinen Lähetys ry (Orthodox Missions). It has mainly been active in eastern Africa. It later merged with OrtAid and formed Filantropia . The Finnish Orthodox Church

204-495: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Parikkala Parikkala ( Finnish pronunciation: [ˈpɑrikːɑlɑ] ) is a municipality of Finland located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the South Karelia region , 97 kilometres (60 mi) from Lappeenranta and 139 kilometres (86 mi) from Joensuu . The town center of Parikkala is about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from

255-684: Is an autonomous Eastern Orthodox archdiocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople . The church has a legal position as a national church in the country, along with the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland . With its roots in the medieval Novgorodian missionary work in Karelia , the Orthodox Church of Finland was a part of the Russian Orthodox Church until 1923. Today

306-463: Is divided into three dioceses ( hiippakunta ), each with a subdivision of parishes ( seurakunta ). There are 21 parishes with 140 priests and 57,613 members in total, of whom 54,895 are in Finland. The number of church members has been steadily growing for several years. A convent and a monastery also operate within the church. The central legislative organ of the church is the central synod which

357-412: Is formed of: The priests and cantors elect their representatives on a diocesan basis, using the plurality election method. The lay representatives are elected indirectly . The nominations for representatives are made by the parish councils which also elect the electors who then elect the lay representatives to the central synod. The central synod elects the bishops and is responsible for the economy and

408-498: Is not endangered. The Diocese of Helsinki has the most members, over 28,000. The Diocese of Helsinki is the seat of the archbishop. The diocese is divided into three parishes, with 50 priests. The main church of the diocese is Uspenski Cathedral in Helsinki. Characteristic to the diocese is the large number of members who have recently immigrated to Finland, especially in the Helsinki parish where several churches also officiate at

459-434: Is pursued by the district courts. Finnish law protects the absolute priest–penitent privilege . A bishop, priest or deacon of the church may not divulge information he has heard during confession or spiritual care. The identity of the sinner may not be revealed for any purpose. However, if the priest hears about a crime that is about to be committed, he is responsible for informing the authorities in such manner that privilege

510-711: Is situated in Heinävesi . The only Orthodox Christian convent Lintula Holy Trinity Convent ( Lintulan Pyhän Kolminaisuuden luostari ) is in Palokki , some 10 kilometers away from the monastery. Both were established during World War II when residents of the Karelian and Petsamo monasteries were evacuated from areas ceded to the Soviet Union. With friendly support from the Finnish Orthodox Church,

561-586: Is the only Orthodox church that, to comply with national legislation, celebrates Easter according to the Gregorian calendar . (Formerly, also the autonomous Estonian church followed this calendar. ) Easter is the greatest feast of church year as it is with other Orthodox churches. Also the Twelve Great Feasts are observed. Other highly observed feasts are: Many Orthodox churches in Finland are small. The few more impressive shrines were built in

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612-626: Is the park of more than 500 sculptures worked by Veijo Rönkkönen  [ fi ] , located along the Highway 6. This sculpture park has been called one of the "most terrifying places on Earth". [REDACTED] Media related to Parikkala at Wikimedia Commons [REDACTED] Parikkala travel guide from Wikivoyage Orthodox Church of Finland The Orthodox Church of Finland or Finnish Orthodox Church ( Finnish : Suomen ortodoksinen kirkko , lit.   'Finnish Orthodox Church'; Swedish : Ortodoxa kyrkan i Finland )

663-678: Is unilingually Finnish . Settlements and artifacts dated to the Stone Age and Bronze Age have been found in Parikkala. A permanent settlement was established around the 15th century. Many demarcations had a significant impact to Parikkala's development from the Treaty of Nöteborg on August 12, 1323, to peace treaties signed in 1947 with the Soviet Union ; for example, in the Treaty of Nystad from 1721, which in practice defined roughly Finland's current border with Russia, Parikkala remained

714-623: The Baltic region , and a portion of eastern Finland to Russia. The Valaam Monastery was re-established in Lake Ladoga, and a new main church was consecrated in 1719. Monks returned to Konevsky Monastery before 1716. The Russian government favoured the activities of the religion they had professed for many centuries. The Emperors and Empresses paid for the reconstruction of burnt or otherwise demolished churches. The Orthodox population of Eastern Finland again had access to making pilgrimages to

765-431: The Russian border . The municipality has a population of 4,320 (31 October 2024) and covers an area of 760.71 square kilometres (293.71 sq mi) of which 167.78 km (64.78 sq mi) is water. The population density is 7.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (19/sq mi). Parikkala is located around lake Simpele and it is a part of a countryside rich with hills and chains of ridges. The municipality

816-616: The Skolts , now a small minority of only 300 speakers, have been the earliest Orthodox Christians in the Finnish Lapland . Today, they live predominantly in the Inari parish. The Diocese of Oulu was founded as part of Archbishop Paul's (Olmari) plan to make the Finnish Orthodox Church autocephalous. However, the autocephaly plan has now been abandoned. The only Orthodox Christian monastery in Finland, New Valamo ( Valamon luostari ),

867-946: The 19th century, when Finland was an autonomous Grand Duchy in the Russian Empire, with the Orthodox Christian Emperor as the Grand Duke of Finland . Notable churches in Helsinki from that era are the Uspenski Cathedral (1864) and the Holy Trinity church (1826). The oldest Orthodox church in Finland is the church of Protection of the Theotokos in Lappeenranta from 1782 to 1785. The Orthodox Church of St. Peter and St. Paul in Hamina

918-516: The Christian vocabulary in the Finnish language are supposed to be loans from early Russian, which in turn has borrowed them from Mediaeval Greek . These include the words for priest ( pappi ), cross ( risti ) and Bible ( raamattu ). This hypothesis is, however, not unchallenged. In the middle of the 13th century the inevitable clash between the two expanding countries, Sweden and Novgorod , and

969-553: The Orthodox Church of Finland declared its autonomy from the Russian Church. Finland's first constitution (1919) granted the Orthodox Church an equal status with the (Lutheran) Church of Finland. In 1923, the Orthodox Church of Finland completely separated from the Russian Church, becoming an autonomous church affiliated with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople . At the same time the Gregorian Calendar

1020-531: The Orthodox church architecture. This was mandated by the Finnish state which strictly selected the architects. Most reconstruction era churches and chapels are designed by Ilmari Ahonen and Toivo Paatela. From the 1970s to the 1990s, Karelian-type log churches and chapels were built were built in Finland with some modern exceptions. From the 1990s, some contemporary churches have been built in large cities and towns. Christianity started to spread to Finland from

1071-704: The Russian Orthodox Church. It was stationed in Vyborg , with the Russian Antoniy as its first bishop. When Russia at the end of the 19th century tried to retract the autonomy of Finland, the Lutheran Finns started to associate the Orthodox Church with the imperial Russian rule, labeled as the ryssän kirkko . The cultural gap between the two churches remained significant. Shortly after Finland declared independence from Russia in 1917,

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1122-707: The Russian army, T.U. Jasikov, drew the floor plan. The church was consecrated in 1899 to Saint Alexander Nevsky , a Novgorodian who in 1240 fought against the Catholic Swedes and two years later the Catholic Teutonic Knights with equal success. Emperor Nicholas II donated the bells to this church. The church suffered heavily during the Finnish civil war in 1918; its reconstruction took many years. After Finland declared its independence, it

1173-651: The Swedish forces destroyed and burnt to the ground the monasteries of Valaam and Konevsky. Monks that did not flee, were killed. Many peasants met the same fate. Karelians mostly identified themselves with the Russians, and not with the Finns. Karelians rather called the Finns "ruotsalaiset," which is the Finnish word for Swedes. The Lutheran state church of Sweden tried to convert the Orthodox population. They were not allowed to obtain priests from Russia, which meant, in

1224-577: The church has three dioceses and 54,895 members in Finland , accounting for almost one percent of the native population of Finland. The parish of Helsinki has the most adherents. There are also 2,700 members living abroad. Along with the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, the Orthodox Church of Finland has a special position in Finnish law. The church is considered to be a Finnish entity of public nature. The external form of

1275-418: The church is independent of the state budget. The parishes are financed by the taxes paid by their members. The central administration is financed through the contributions of the parishes. The central synod decides yearly the amount of contributions the parishes are required to make. The special status of the Orthodox church is most visible in the administrative processes. The church is required to conform with

1326-478: The church is regulated by an Act of Parliament , while the spiritual and doctrinal matters of the church are legislated by the central synod of the church. The church has the right to tax its members and corporations owned by its members. Previously under the Russian Orthodox Church, it has been an autonomous Orthodox archdiocese of the Patriarchate of Constantinople since 1923. The Orthodox Church of Finland

1377-479: The country. The monastery of Valamo was evacuated in 1940 and the monastery of New Valamo was founded in 1941 at Heinävesi , on the Finnish side of the new border. Later, the monks from Konevsky and Petsamo monasteries also joined the New Valamo monastery. The nunnery of Lintula (now Ogonki) near Kivennapa (Karelian Isthmus) was also evacuated, and re-established at Heinävesi in 1946. A new parish network

1428-598: The east in the Orthodox form and from the west in the Catholic form at the latest in the beginning of the 12th century. Some of the earliest excavated crosses in Finland, dating from the 12th century onward, are similar to a type found in Novgorod and Kyiv . Orthodox parishes are believed to have existed as far to the west as Tavastia , the area inhabited by Tavastians in Central Finland. Some core concepts of

1479-455: The first rural schools in Karelia of Ladoga , was founded in 1907. In 1910 the first three-class school building was built; later it expanded to include a gymnasium, hall and kitchen. A grand piano was provided in the hall, and Finnish artists Toivo Kuula and Oskar Merikanto held their concerts there when visiting Parikkala. Upper secondary school started in the year 1940 and the first class graduated in 1943. The largest number of pupils

1530-462: The following century. When all of Finland became an autonomous Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire in 1809, it already had an established Lutheran Church. Eastern Orthodox Christianity also gained a recognized status in Finland. The old Swedish constitution which Finns generally regarded as the constitution of the Grand Duchy, specifically required that the sovereign was Protestant , but this

1581-518: The garrison churches. There were also a growing number of Russian emigrants, most of whom were merchants or craftsmen. These started to identify themselves with the Swedish-speaking bourgeoisie, and so a Swedish-speaking branch of the Finnish Orthodox Church was born. The 19th century was also a period of active building of new churches, the Uspenski Cathedral being the most important of them. The garrisons needed Orthodox churches and so did

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1632-483: The general administrative law and the decisions of its bodies may be appealed against in the regional administrative courts. However, the court is limited to reviewing the formal legality of the decision. It may not overturn an ecclesiastical decision on the basis of its unreasonableness. The decisions of the synod of bishops and the central synod are not subject to the oversight of the administrative courts. In contrast, similar legal oversight of private religious communities

1683-433: The general doctrine of the church. The two executive bodies of the church central administration are the synod of bishops, responsible for the doctrinal and foreign affairs of the church, and the church administrative council ( kirkollishallitus ), responsible for day-to-day management of the church. The parishes are governed by the rector and the parish council, which is elected in a secret election. All full-age members of

1734-573: The long run, that they did not have priests at all. As Lutheranism was the only legal religion in Sweden, to be an Orthodox was a handicap in many ways. About two-thirds of the Orthodox population fled to Central Russia from under the oppression. They formed the population of Tver Karelia . The Swedish state encouraged Lutheran Finns to occupy the deserted farms in Karelia. This massive flight of Orthodox Finns away from Finland meant that Eastern Orthodoxy

1785-413: The monasteries of Solovetsk and Alexander-Svirsky . The Old Believers , a schismatic group of Russians who did not accept the religious reforms of patriarch Nikon in 1666–67, were excommunicated from the Orthodox Church and fled to the outskirts of Russia. They also moved into the remote areas of Finland building three small monasteries there. However, the activity of these monasteries stopped during

1836-446: The monasteries of Valaam ( Finnish : Valamo ) and Konevsky ( Finnish : Konevitsa ). Karelian and Finnish forests were also populated by spiritually advanced hermits. Often around the hermit's hut or skete, there settled other fighters of the good fight of faith, and so a new monastery was founded. One of the most important examples of this process was St. Alexander of Svir ( Finnish : Aleksanteri Syväriläinen ) 1449–1533. He

1887-531: The new emigrants to the towns. A good examples are the Orthodox church of Tampere and Turku. In the rural countryside of Karelia, the local form of Orthodox faith remained somewhat primitive, incorporating many features of older religious praxis. Literacy among the Orthodox population was low. In 1900 it was estimated that of all persons over the age of 15 in East Finland, 32 percent were illiterate. The Orthodox population knew very little of their faith except

1938-532: The only Orthodox monasteries in Finland. The Orthodox Church Museum of Finland also operates in Kuopio. The small Diocese of Oulu has four parishes, the largest of which is Oulu. The head of the diocese since 2015 is Metropolitan Elia (Wallgrén). The diocese was established in 1980 and it has 6,000 members. The cathedral of the diocese is the Holy Trinity Cathedral of Oulu . Traditionally,

1989-671: The only current Finnish municipality on the Russian side before the formation of the Grand Duchy of Finland . After World War II , one third (199.3 km ) of Parikkala's area was handed over to the Soviet Union. The Orthodox Church has been very influential in this area since the Middle Ages . Later, Parikkala has become known for its many dairies . Parikkala became independent in 1617. In 2004, three municipalities (Parikkala, Saari and Uukuniemi ) merged to form one municipality called Parikkala. A comprehensive school, one of

2040-416: The outer forms. The priests were generally Russians who seldom knew Finnish. As Karelia and its arable land was poor, it did not attract first class priests. The language of the services was Church Slavonic , a form of old Bulgarian. A Russian could understand some parts of the services, a Finnish-speaking person nothing. A separate Finnish episcopate with a leading archbishop was established in 1892 under

2091-401: The parish are eligible to vote and to be elected to the parish council. The members of the parish have the right to refrain from being elected to a position of trust of the parish only if they are over 60 years of age, or have served at least eight years in a position of trust. The parish council elects the parish board, which is responsible for the day-to-day affairs of the parish. Financially,

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2142-564: The service in foreign languages, including Russian, English, Greek and Romanian. The current bishop is Archbishop Leo (Makkonen). He was appointed in 2018. The seat of the Bishop of Kuopio and Karelia is in Kuopio . The current bishop is Metropolitan Arseni (Heikkinen). The Diocese of Karelia has 19,000 church members in 5 parishes. The number of priests in the diocese is about 45, and churches and chapels total over 80. The diocese also includes

2193-778: The treaty. The municipality of Simpele was consolidated with Rautjärvi in 1973, becoming its new administrative center. Rautjärvi's wooden church , completed in 1881, was destroyed in a fire on Christmas Day in 2022. The fire broke out in the middle of the worship, but all 30 people in the building got out safely. The villages of Rautjärvi are inclusive of: Haakanala, Hallilanmäki, Hiivaniemi, Hinkkala, Hynnilä, Ilmee , Jurvala, Kalpiala, Kekäleniemi, Kokkola, Kopsala, Korjola, Korpijärvi, Lankila, Latvajärvi, Miettilä, Niskapietilä, Partila, Pirhola, Purnujärvi, Rautjärvi, Siisiälä, Simpele, Torsansalo, Uimola, Untamo, Viimola, Vähikkälä [REDACTED] Media related to Rautjärvi at Wikimedia Commons This Southern Finland location article

2244-542: The two forms of Christianity they represented, took place. The final border between Western and Eastern rulership was drawn in the Peace Treaty of Nöteborg , in 1323. Karelia was definitely ceded to Novgorod and Orthodoxy. The main missionary work fell to the monasteries that cropped up in the wilderness of Karelia. Two monasteries were founded on islands in Lake Ladoga , which became famous some centuries later:

2295-485: Was a Karelian who fought the fight of faith for 13 years in Valaam monastery, but finally left it, and in the end founded a monastery at the river of Svir. The 17th century was a period of religious fanaticism and many religious wars as the newly emerged Protestant countries fought against countries that remained Catholic or Orthodox. At this time Sweden became a great force, expanding both southward and eastward. In Karelia

2346-481: Was adopted. Other reforms introduced after independence include changing the language of the liturgy from Church Slavonic to Finnish and the transfer of the Archiepiscopal seat from Viipuri to Sortavala . Until World War II, the majority of Orthodox Christians in Finland were located in Karelia . As a consequence of the war, residents of the areas ceded to the Soviet Union were evacuated to other parts of

2397-463: Was completed in 1837. Built in the architectural style of Neoclassicism with some Byzantine-style elements, the exterior was designed in the form of a round-domed temple, while the interior is cruciform. The belfry was built in 1862 in the Neo-Byzantine style. The Orthodox church of Tampere was built in Russian romantic style, with onion style cupolas, and was ready in 1896. The architect of

2448-423: Was in the 1950s, when over 500 pupils attended school there. Parikkala is located on the main railway line from Helsinki to Joensuu . A railway station is located in the middle of Parikkala village center. Traveling time is about three and half hours from Helsinki, and all passenger trains stop at Parikkala. The city of Imatra is about 60 km south of Parikkala. One of Parikkala's most famous attractions

2499-628: Was never again the main religion of any part of Finland. However, in the remoter areas of Eastern Finland and Karelia, like Ilomantsi, the Eastern Orthodox Christianity survived. The period of the grandiose expansion of Sweden met its limits in two wars: the Great Northern War which ended in the Treaty of Nystad in 1721 and the Hat's War (1741–43) with the Treaty of Turku in 1743. Sweden lost all its provinces in

2550-711: Was overlooked regarding the Orthodox Emperors. In areas where Orthodox faith was not indigenous as in the towns of Helsinki , Tampere and Viipuri and the Karelian Isthmus , Orthodoxy was especially associated with the Russians, most of whom were Russian troops permanently stationed in Finland. The birth of Helsinki's Orthodox Church is generally associated with the construction of the Holy Trinity Church, Helsinki in 1827. Generally most ecclesiastical activity outside Karelia centered on

2601-605: Was re-consecrated to St. Nicholas . After the Second World War , Finland had to cede land to the Soviet Union under Paris Peace Treaties . Almost all Orthodox churches and chapels remained on the Soviet side in Karelia and Petsamo. The Finnish state enacted a special reconstruction law, in which it financed the construction of 14 churches and 44 chapels for the Orthodox church. The churches and chapels were modern in architecture, lacking domes and other features typical to

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