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28-518: François Koenigstein was born in Saint-Chamond, Loire as the eldest child of a Dutch father (Jean Adam Koenigstein) and a French mother (Marie Ravachol). As an adult, he adopted his mother's maiden name as his surname, following years of struggle after his father abandoned the family when François was only eight years old. From that time on he had to support his mother, sister, and brother; he also looked after his nephew. He eventually found work as

56-422: A dyer's assistant , a job which he later lost. He remained very poor throughout his life. For additional income he played accordion at society balls on Sundays at Saint-Étienne . Ravachol was a grave robber before he became politically active. He joined the anarchists as well as groups organizing to improve working conditions. Labor unrest resulted in fierce reprisals by police. On 1 May 1891, at Fourmies ,

84-855: A "Society for the Rehabilitation for Karl Marx and Ravachol". A commemorative woodcut of Ravachol by the French artist Charles Maurin in 1893 was used on the cover of a 1900s-era bomb making pamphlet La Salute è in voi! , associated with the Italian American Galleanisti anarchists. The Galleanists were proponents of political violence and "propaganda of the deed ." Two cities in Disco Elysium , Revachol (the game's setting) and Koenigstein, are named after Ravachol. Saint-Chamond, Loire Saint-Chamond ( French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʃamɔ̃] )

112-412: A father during their childhood. He was sentenced to death, and responded to the verdict with a cry of "Vive l'anarchie!" He was refused the right to read a final statement, which he gave instead to his lawyer, Lagasse: "I hope that the jurors who, by condemning me to death, have thrown into despair those who have preserved their affection for me, carry on their conscience the memory of their sentence with

140-614: A limited company. The factories were mainly concentrated in the Loire basin, in Saint-Chamond and Assailly. In 1880 Saint-Chamond was the world capital of the lace industry. This industry was founded by Charles François Richard , assisted by his son Ennemond Richard. Eighteen years later, the Manufactures Réunies company was formed by merging ten of the largest manufacturers of lace. During World War I (1914-1918)

168-637: A somewhat romanticised symbol of desperate revolt and a number of French songs were composed in his honour, such as " La Ravachole ," to the tune of " La Carmagnole ." An anarchist group in Belleville, Paris in the late 1890s named themselves "The Avengers of Ravachol". Strasbourg -based Situationist students active in the May 68 events in France associated their manifesto On the Poverty of Student Life with

196-468: A workers' demonstration took place for the eight-hour day ; confrontations with the police followed. The police opened fire on the crowd , resulting in nine deaths amongst the demonstrators. The same day, at Clichy , serious incidents erupted in a procession in which anarchists were taking part. Three men were arrested and taken to the commissariat of police. There they were interrogated (and brutalised with beatings, resulting in injuries). A trial known as

224-523: Is a commune in the Loire department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in central France . Situated 13 km northeast of the city of Saint-Étienne and 50 km southwest of Lyon , the town dates back to the Roman period. It lies in an iron and coal region, which were the basis of industrial growth during the 19th and 20th centuries. As many of the mines and factories closed in

252-525: Is where he found refuge with Paul Bernard, another exile. It is speculated that during this time in Spain, particularly Barcelona , Ravachol learned how to make bombs. In August, 1891, he traveled to Paris using a fake name and "met up with other Paris anarchists." At this meeting, he met Henri Louis Descamps' wife, Descamps being someone who was arrested during a demonstration in Clichy on 1 May 1891. Ravachol

280-598: The Clichy Affair ensued, in which two of the three anarchists were sentenced to prison terms. In addition to these events, authorities kept up repression of the communards, which had continued from the time of the insurrection of the Paris Commune of 1871. Ravachol had fled to Spain sometime after June, 1891, in order to get away from police for a murder that took place in June against "an elderly recluse." This

308-499: The Rhone at Givors . The river was covered over within the city. Saint-Chamond is named after Saint Annemund , a seventh-century saint. Saint-Étienne lies 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the west and Lyon about 45 kilometres (28 mi) to the east. Surrounding towns are Saint-Étienne , Lorette , La Grand-Croix , L'Horme , Cellieu and Saint-Jean-Bonnefonds . Saint-Chamond is divided into several districts: The town lies on

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336-460: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Le Père Duchesne (chanson) " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try

364-537: The 17th-century convent of the Minimes, now the town hall of Saint-Chamond. During the French Revolution , the castle of Saint-Chamond was destroyed by the peasants in 1792. Only the stables are still visible on the hill of Saint-Ennemond. During the revolution the name associated with the church was changed. The town was briefly called Vallée-Rousseau after the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau . In 1793

392-437: The 19th and 20th centuries, stimulating its industrialization and growth. In 1837 H. Pétin and J. M. Gaudet, mechanics and forgers, set up shops at Saint-Chamond and Rive-de-Gier . In 1841 Pétin et Gaudet introduced one of the first steam hammers at their works. Later they introduced innovations such as a mobile crane for moving large pieces around the works, and a hydraulic press. The company of Neyrand frères et Thiollière

420-521: The A47 highway between Lyon and Saint-Étienne. A second highway, the A45, is planned through the hamlet of Chavanne. One railway station serves the town. Various bus lines also provide local transport. Saint-Chamond was originally a fort guarding one of five aqueducts that supplied the Roman city of Lugdunum (Lyon). The Gier aqueduct carried the waters of the river Gier captured upstream of Saint-Chamond. During

448-486: The Vallée du Gier metropolitan area and the third-largest population center in the Loire department , after Saint-Étienne and Roanne . In 1800 the town had about 5,000 inhabitants. With development of the coal and iron industries, the population rose steadily, peaking at more than 40,000 in 1982. Since then, many factories have closedl, and the population has decreased. The population data in the table and graph below refer to

476-527: The city of Lyon revolted against the Convention and was joined by Saint-Chamond. The governmental forces defeated the Lyonnaise army, leading to the evacuation of Saint-Chamond. The Convention sent Claude Javogues to the city, who imposed fines and summary executions to suppress unrest. In 1796 the town sent a mobile column against refractory priests and deserters. Saint-Chamond is the largest town in

504-512: The commune of Saint-Chamond proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Saint-Chamond absorbed the former communes of Izieux, Saint-Julien-en-Jarez and Saint-Martin-en-Coailleux in 1964. Starting in 1771 the Neyrand brothers had become owners of several coal mines and ironworks in the valley of the Gier river . The community became a center of a region of coal and iron production in

532-479: The late 20th century due to restructuring, there was a loss of jobs and population. The present city of Saint-Chamond is the result of the merger in 1964 of the communes of Saint-Martin-en-Coailleux , Saint-Julien-en-Jarez , Izieux and Saint-Chamond. The new town is the third-largest town in the department. Saint-Chamond is located in the Gier valley between the Monts du Lyonnais to the north and Mont Pilat to

560-468: The later Middle Ages, Saint-Chamond was a very important manor in the region and served as the capital of Jarez . Melchior Mitte de Chevrières , lord of Saint-Chamond, laid out the town. A number of older buildings survive, including House of Canons of the 15th and 16th sixteenth centuries (listed building), Hôtel-Dieu (historical monument); St. Peter's church from the 17th century, with 19th-century organs by Claude-Ignace Callinet (historical monument); and

588-465: The lightness and courage by which I will carry my head to the blade of the guillotine." Ravachol was executed on 11 July 1892 at Montbrison . He sang La Chanson du Père Dûchene  [ fr ] on his way to the guillotine. On 9 December 1893, Auguste Vaillant threw a bomb into the French Chamber of Deputies to avenge Ravachol (the explosion injured one deputy). Ravachol became

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616-1367: The postwar period, as costs rose for mining. In the 1950s the city's last mine at Clos Marquet was closed. The steelworks became part of the Creusot-Loire group, which had 28 factories and 39,000 employees in the region, including 3,100 in Saint-Chamond. Saint-Chamond is twinned with: Citations Sources Le P%C3%A8re Duchesne (chanson) Look for Le Père Duchesne (chanson) on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Le Père Duchesne (chanson) in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use

644-800: The south. The peak of Perdrix, at 1,434 metres (4,705 ft) is the highest in the Pilat massif. The "Saut du Gier" waterfall is in the Pilat Regional Natural Park . The peak of Œillon provides views of the Rhone valley, and sometimes of the Mont-Blanc massif. The city developed on both sides of the Gier River , the source of which is on Mont Pilat. The river flows east down the Gier valley for 44 kilometres (27 mi) before entering

672-529: The steel company built several different types of weapons, notably the Saint Chamond-Mondragón 75 mm gun, which had been designed mostly by colonel Rimailho, the Saint-Chamond tank , and the Chauchat machine rifle. They also produced naval guns, such as the quadruple-gun turret design for the unfinished Normandie -class battleships. Industrial restructuring affected the region in

700-556: Was a waiter at the Restaurant Véry, reported on Ravachol's actions because Ravachol had "spoke too freely with" Lhérot. Ravachol was arrested on 30 March 1892 for his bombings at the Restaurant Véry . The day before the trial, anarchists bombed the restaurant where the informant worked. Ravachol was tried at the Assize Court of Seine on 26 April. He was convicted and condemned to prison for life. Ravachol's second trial

728-594: Was formed in January 1845 to exploit an enlarged and modernized factory at Lorette . These companies merged on 14 November 1854, forming the Compagnie des Hauts-fourneaux, forges et aciéries de la Marine et des chemins de fer . The company, which engaged in extracting, processing and selling iron and coal, was initially based in Rive-de-Gier. On 9 November 1871 it moved its headquarters to Saint-Chamond and became

756-568: Was on 21 June 1892, before the Loire Assize Court in Montbrison , for crimes that predated the bombings. He admitted to grave robbing and to murdering Jacques Brunel, "the hermit of Chambles ", in 1891, something he had never denied but denied the other charges. In his defence, Ravachol said that he killed to satisfy his personal needs and to aid the anarchist cause. His brother and sister supported him by testifying to his role as

784-725: Was roused to take action in 1892 against members of the judiciary because of the trial outcomes for the rioters at Clichy on 1 May 1891. After stealing "dynamite from a quarry ," Ravachol placed bombs in the living quarters of the Advocate General, Léon Bulot (executive of the Public Ministry),on 27 March 1892 and Edmond Benoît, the councillor who had presided over the Assize Court during the Clichy Affair, on 11 March 1892. An informant, named Jules Lhérot, who

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