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44-409: The island is 22 km (14 mi) long, has an area of 93.6 km (36 sq mi) and 7,161 inhabitants (2021). The main settlement on the island is the eponymous town of Rab , although the neighboring village of Palit has the biggest population. The highest peak is Kamenjak at 408 m. The northeastern side of the island is mostly barren, karst , while the southwestern side is covered by one of

88-527: A "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbishop" (intermediary rank) or " titular bishop " (lowest rank), which normally goes by the status conferred on the titular see. Titular sees are dioceses that no longer functionally exist, often because the territory was conquered by Muslims or because it is schismatic . The Greek–Turkish population exchange of 1923 also contributed to titular sees. The see of Maximianoupolis along with

132-605: A Latin document relating to the establishment of the Franciscan monastery of St. Eufemija), since the major establishment of Croatian inhabitants in the city did not occur before the 10th century, unlike the rest of the island and region. The island is first heard of under the Illyrians in 360 BC. It was part of Liburnia and then part of the Roman Empire . The emperor Octavian Augustus built town walls and gave Rab

176-454: A change of the bishop's place of residence. For example, several of the sees added by this change of policy are in the western and central United States, such as Grass Valley, California , whose diocese was dissolved upon the erection of the Diocese of Sacramento . The change of practice is reflected in the inclusion from then on of such sees in the official lists of titular sees in editions of

220-477: A neighbouring territory or subdivided, according to developing circumstances. An example might be the uniting on November 30, 1987, of two Egyptian vicariates apostolic , Heliopolis of Egypt and Port Said, to become the single Vicariate Apostolic of Alexandria of Egypt–Heliopolis of Egypt–Port Said , governed by Egypt's only Latin Ordinary at present. A different example would be the division, on 6 July 6, 1992, of

264-594: A separate six volume index. Moroni acknowledged the great difficulties in compiling this work, even after he thoroughly examined all the sources available to him. In 1851, the Annuario Pontificio began to have such a list, but it did not purport to be complete. On the contrary, it contained only those that were in general use. Names of dioceses disappeared and were listed again when the titles were actually assigned. Until 1882, these titles were given as in partibus infidelium . According to Corrigan,

308-453: A territorial Abbey, a Vicariate Apostolic, or a Prelature. The ecclesiastic placed in charge of one of these jurisdictions has a corresponding title, such as Superior of a Mission sui iuris , Apostolic Administrator, Ordinary, Prefect Apostolic, territorial Abbot, Vicar Apostolic, or Prelate. The ecclesiastic may be in priestly or episcopal orders. In recent practice an Apostolic Administrator, Vicar Apostolic, or Prelate (in this precise sense)

352-471: Is a town ( grad ) on the island of Rab in Croatia . According to the 2011 census the total population of the town was 8,065, whereas only 437 lived in the titular settlement ( naselje ). Rab, the settlement, is located on a small peninsula on the southwestern side of the island. The town has a long history that dates back to 360 BC when it was inhabited by the Illyrians . The island was the frontier between

396-725: Is nowadays very popular with tourists and families for its beautiful nature, beaches, heritage and many events, particularly the Rab arbalest tournament and the Rab Medieval festival called Rapska Fjera . The island forms part of the Kvarner Islands Important Bird Area (IBA), designated as such by BirdLife International because it supports significant numbers of many bird species, including breeding populations of several birds of prey . Town of Rab Rab ( Italian : Arbe , Latin : Arba )

440-529: Is often appointed (and consecrated) a bishop. If that happens he is assigned a titular see, in addition to his status as head of the territorial jurisdiction. the appointment as bishop is less likely in the case of a Superior of a Mission sui iuris , or a Prefect Apostolic, but may happen, especially when a man who is already a bishop governing a particular jurisdiction is appointed cumulatively to govern one of these others. A particular territory may have its canonical status changed more than once, or may be united to

484-601: The Annuario Pontificio . Previously, titular sees were routinely (yet not always) assigned not only to auxiliary bishops, similar pseudo-diocesan offices and pre-diocesan apostolic vicars or (Eastern Catholic) apostolic exarchs (not apostolic prefects ), but also to retired bishops by way of emeritate (sometimes with a 'promotion' from a suffragan see to an archiepiscopal titular see; however sometimes transferred to another during an incumbent emeritus bishop's life) and even to coadjutor bishops . That practice

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528-586: The Diocese of Évreux , who was controversial for his positions on religious, political and social matters, refused to retire and become Bishop Emeritus of Évreux, he was transferred to the titular see of Partenia . The crusading William IV, Count of Nevers , dying in the Holy Land in 1168, left the building known as the Hospital of Panthenor in the town of Clamecy in Burgundy , together with some land, to

572-701: The Republic of Venice . In 1358 the island came under the rule of King Louis the Great , the Angevin ruler of Hungary . During the Renaissance it was ruled by Venice from 1409 until the end of the 18th century followed by a brief interlude under Napoleon . It was eventually annexed by the Habsburgs in 1815 and remained under Austrian rule till 1918. Since a majority of its residents were Italian speakers,

616-484: The metropolitan see of which Arba was a suffragan . Among the signatories of the Second Council of Nicea was a bishop of Rab, namely Ursus. (“Ursus episcopus Avaritianensium ecclesiae” Ursus of Rab) On 17 October 1154, Arba was attached instead to the archdiocese of Zadar . By the papal bull Locum Beati Petri of 30 June 1828, the history of the diocese as a residential see came to an end and its territory

660-491: The 19th century to two separately 'restored' titular successor sees: a Latin titular archbishopric of Nazareth and a Maronite ( Antiochian Rite ) titular (Arch)bishopric of Nazareth, both suppressed only in the early 20th century. The granting of titular sees is occasionally practised in the Eastern and other Orthodox churches. The Roman Catholic Church lists as titular sees, former diocese that no longer function, several in

704-686: The Bishops of Bethlehem, in case Bethlehem should fall under Muslim control. After Saladin took Bethlehem in 1187, the Bishop took up residence in 1223 in his property, which remained the seat of titular Bishops of Bethlehem for almost 600 years, until the French Revolution of 1789. The Roman Catholic Archbishopric of Nazareth first had two centuries of Metropolitan Archbishops of Nazareth in Barletta (southern Italy), and gave rise in

748-521: The Catholic population, its lack of permanence, the likelihood of having to divide the jurisdiction in the near future, and so on. In these circumstances the Catholic Church establishes sometimes not a diocese but a canonical jurisdiction of another kind. This may be, for example, a Mission sui iuris , an Apostolic Administration (permanently constituted), an Ordinariate, a Prefecture Apostolic,

792-560: The Christian population of their dioceses dispersed, were killed or abandoned the Catholic faith, they continued to be seen as the bishops of those dioceses, who could give rise, even after long interruption (exile and/or vacancy), to a 'restored' line of apostolic succession on each see. The Ordinary or hierarch of a Catholic titular see may be styled a "Titular Metropolitan" (highest rank), "Titular Archbishop" (intermediary rank) or " titular bishop " (lowest rank), which normally goes by

836-515: The Ghanaian diocese of Accra, to separate from its territory the new diocese of Koforidua . At the same date, the diocese of Accra became a Metropolitan Archdiocese. After a name change, an abandoned name may be 'restored' as a titular see, even though a residential successor see exist(ed). Furthermore, the Catholic Church may create more than one titular see named after a single city, by creating one or more lines of apostolic succession assigned to

880-640: The Latin and/or one or more Eastern Catholic rites, which are not necessarily of the same rank. It was formerly the practice to add the term in partibus infidelium , often shortened to in partibus or i.p.i. , meaning "in the lands of the unbelievers", to the name of the see conferred on titular (non-diocesan) Latin Church bishops. Formerly, when bishops fled from invading Muslims, they were welcomed by other churches, while preserving their titles and their rights to their own dioceses. They were entrusted with

924-580: The administration of vacant sees of other dioceses, or with assisting in such government of a see which already had a residential bishop. In later days it was deemed fitting to preserve the memory of ancient Christian churches which no longer existed; this was done by giving their names to auxiliary bishops or bishops in missionary countries. These bishops did not reside in the sees whose titles they bore, nor could they exercise any power over them, and are not entrusted with their care. They are therefore called titular bishops, as opposed to diocesan bishops, and

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968-660: The beginning of the Iron Age since the Liburnians did not build the city walls on the island. The Illyrian-Liburnian word Arb meant 'dark, obscure, green, forested'. Therefore, name Arba should be comprehended as a toponym meaning "Black island", due to the rich pine forests that once grew on the island. After the 1st century AD, it was recorded by many other Greek and Roman authors by the names Arba and Arva . Its Medieval Dalmatian -speaking population used Arbe , Arbia , Arbiana , Arbitana and most frequently Arbum in

1012-910: The context of improved relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church and Oriental Orthodoxy after the Second Vatican Council , the Holy See, while continuing to appoint bishops to titular sees in North Africa , ceased to make such appointments to sees that were historically part of the Eastern patriarchates of Constantinople , Alexandria , Antioch , and Jerusalem . It began instead to treat as titular sees also those Catholic dioceses in any country no longer used as titles of diocesan bishops because of having been absorbed into other dioceses or having been renamed due to

1056-772: The countries in which they were ambassadors . The foundation of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith , in 1622, gave a great impetus to the missionary work of the Church in China and Japan, and elsewhere a great increase in the number of bishops became necessary and those received their titles from the ancient abandoned sees. Only about 1850, was any attempt made to compile a list of such sees. Gaetano Moroni had already, in 1840, began publication of his 103 volume Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica with

1100-451: The diocesan bishops in their labors. After the 14th century the large increase of population in the great centers rendered such assistance particularly necessary. In the 16th century the Holy See inaugurated the policy of consecrating nuncios and other prelates, delegated to represent the Pope in his relations with the different nations, so that they would be equals with the diocesan bishops of

1144-564: The documents written in the Latin . Arbe became also the Venetian name of the city in the 15th century when it fell under the authority of the Republic of Venice . In Croatian it became Rab , a form which probably goes back as far as the 7th century when the Slavs began to settle on the island. However, the first record of the name Rab is preserved only in the middle of the 15th century (in

1188-517: The last oak forests of the Mediterranean. Ferries connect the island of Rab with the mainland port of Stinica and with the neighbouring islands of Krk and Pag . European Coastal Airlines offered multiple daily connections by seaplane from Rab to Zagreb and to Rijeka via Rijeka Airport in Omišalj on the neighboring island of Krk , until it ceased operations in 2016. The island of Rab

1232-527: The locals sought to be annexed to the Kingdom of Italy , but Italy eventually decided to cede the island to Yugoslavia in 1921, and many of its Italian-speaking residents subsequently left for Istria and the rest of Italy. During World War II , the forces of Fascist Italy established the Rab concentration camp on the island. A memorial complex built in 1953 commemorates the site of the former camp, located in

1276-399: The number of abandoned sees. The final development of the list of sees, called in partibus infidelium , took shape, at first, from the attempt of the Holy See to keep up the succession of bishops in these dioceses, in the hope of reconquering their territory from the infidel. When all hope of such redemption was given up, these titles were still conferred on those who were chosen to assist

1320-710: The places to which they had been appointed. The spread of Islam through Muslim conquests in Asia and Africa was responsible for hundreds of abandoned sees. During the Crusades , the Latins, who established new Christian communities, composed of Europeans and belonging to the Latin Church, procured the erection of new dioceses for their benefit, and these in turn, during the growth of the Ottoman Empire , increased

1364-528: The practice has become more widespread. Although the normal constitution of the hierarchy has always been built on the idea of local jurisdiction of the bishops, there are indications, in the early history of the Church, of many who did not enjoy what is usually called ordinary jurisdiction. Besides those who were endowed with the episcopal character, in order to assist the local bishops there were those who had been driven from their dioceses by infidels or by heretics , or who for other reasons could not reside in

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1408-448: The regions of Liburnia and Dalmatia . From the third century BC to the sixth century AD Rab was part of the Roman Empire , and Emperor Augustus proclaimed it a municipium in 10 BC. It was the first town of Roman Dalmatia to be given the honorary title "felix". Among the signatories of the Second Council of Nicea was a bishop of Rab, namely Ursus. (“Ursus episcopus Avaritianensium ecclesiae” Ursus of Rab) The worst disaster in

1452-499: The sees themselves are called titular sees, as opposed to residential sees. The regular appointment of titular bishops is said to date back to the time of the Fifth Lateran Council , in 1514; cardinals alone were authorized to ask for titular bishops to be appointed to assist them in their dioceses. Pope Pius V extended the privilege to all sees in which it had become customary to have auxiliary bishops. Since then

1496-411: The status conferred on the titular see (mostly corresponding to its historical rank), but exceptions ad hoc are currently made on a regular basis, either above or below the titular see's rank, while titular sees have repeatedly been promoted or demoted. There are practical advantages in certain circumstances in not establishing a permanent diocese in a given territory, for reasons of the limited size of

1540-510: The story goes that King George I of Greece (a Lutheran ) complained to Pope Leo XIII that he and his (mostly Eastern Orthodox ) people were injured by this appellation, saying to Leo XIII, "we are not infidels, we are Christians; we are Catholics." Leo XIII, through a Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith decree, in 1882, abolished the phrase in partibus infidelium and ordered that future appointments should be made as "titular bishops". The custom, when Boudinhon wrote his article,

1584-458: The symbol of the town and island. The oldest dates back to the eleventh century. Saint Marinus , the Christian founder of San Marino , was a native of Rab who is said to have fled the island under Diocletian 's persecution in AD 301. Rab is twinned with: Titular see A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called

1628-495: The title of Municipium . Saint Marinus , the founder of the mini-state of San Marino , originated on Rab, whence he fled during the religious persecutions of the Emperor Diocletian (this ancient tie is commemorated in the present twin-city agreement between Rab and San Marino). The earliest bishop of Arba whose name is preserved in an extant document is Titianus, a participant in a council held in 532 Salona ,

1672-739: The town that shared its name was destroyed by the Bulgarians under Emperor Kaloyan in 1207; the town and the see were under the control of the Latin Empire , which took Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204. Parthenia , in north Africa, was abandoned and swallowed by desert sand. During the Muslim conquests of the Middle East and North Africa, some bishops fled to Christian-ruled areas. Even if they did not return and

1716-535: The town's history was an outbreak of the plague in 1456 that decimated the city's population. There are many churches in the town. The largest is St. Mary the Blessed, which was built in the 13th century. The church of St. Justine is now a museum of sacred arts, while the chapel of St. Christopher (dedicated to the patron saint of the island) is nowadays called the Lapidarium. The four church bell towers became

1760-623: The village of Kampor. After the Second World War, the island was part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until the Croatian independence referendum in 1991. The island of Rab is rich in cultural heritage and cultural-historical monuments that make it a popular vacation destination. Rab is also known as a pioneer of naturism after the visit of King Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson . The island

1804-522: Was first mentioned in a Greek source Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax (360 BC) and then by other Greek and Roman geographists by the name Arba . That name belonged to the Liburnians , so far the oldest known inhabitants of the island. Arba was also the name of the Liburnian settlement in the modern city of Rab. It is not certain how old this name is; it may be as old as the settlement, which means from

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1848-495: Was largely replaced for the last categories by the present one of referring to a retired bishop as a bishop emeritus of the see that he held, and to a coadjutor bishop simply as coadjutor bishop of the see to which he has been appointed. This change too is reflected in editions of the Annuario Pontificio of the period, which include information on renunciation by retired and coadjutor bishops of titular sees to which they had been appointed. In 1995, when Jacques Gaillot , Bishop of

1892-475: Was to join to the name of the see that of the district to which it formerly belonged, or else merely to say "titular bishop". The Annuaire Pontifical Catholique published a very complete list of the titular sees and titular bishops. Although it did not claim to be perfect, it contained the names of the sees and the bishops who had held the titles as far back, in some cases, as the 14th century. Titular sees, according to Corrigan in 1920, were conferred on In

1936-695: Was united with that of Krk . No longer a residential bishopric, Arba is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see . During the Middle Ages , Rab was one of the Dalmatian city-states and remained part of the Byzantine Empire , with various degrees of autonomy. For a short time, it formed a part of the medieval Kingdom of Croatia . In 1000 the island, together with the many other islands and cities of Dalmatia , submitted to

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