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52-560: Due to the strategic location of Rabigh on the Red Sea, it has been the site of several high-profile projects such as the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Petro Rabigh and King Abdullah Economic City . The Rabigh Governorate is divided into 5 marākiz ( مَرَاكِز , centres), Rabigh, Nuweiba, Abwa' , Mastoura and al-Qadimah. It is governed by Governor Khalid al-Ghanmi. The historical importance of

104-568: A Royal Commission to manage the effort to build a new modern city. It is the southernmost part of Yanbu city. Yanbu Al-Sina'iya is divided into two parts, the industrial area to the south, and a residential area (referred to as the Royal Commission by many locals) directly north and adjacent to the industrial area. The industrial area within Yanbu Al-Sina'iya is the area of all the major refineries and petrochemical installations and

156-445: A general hospital, a bank, three ATM machines, four well-serviced filling stations, a fire station, two notable malls, several recreational facilities among other things. The locals are very friendly and cordial in greetings and offering help. There is almost everything you need for basic livelihood in the neighborhood, however, the options for residents pales in comparison to both the Royal Commission and Yanbu Al Bahr. The Radwah Mountain

208-807: A major Red Sea port. Yanbu's history dates back at least 2,500 years, when it was a staging point on the spice and incense route from Yemen to Egypt and the Mediterranean region. Sharm Yanbu ( Arabic : شرم ينبع ), historically known as Charmuthas , which is a small peninsula located to the north of Yanbu was mentioned by the Greek historian Diodorus Siculus . The Invasion of Dul Ashir took place in Yanbu two or three months after prophet Muhammad 's return from Buwat. He appointed Abu Salamah Ibn Abd al-Assad to take his place in Medina while he

260-481: A month for this caravan to pass. But the Meccan caravan had already passed. In this operation, Muhammad entered into an alliance with Banu Madlaj, a tribe inhabiting the vicinity of al-Ushayra. He also concluded another treaty that was made with Banu Damrah previously. All those treaties established good political connections for him. Yanbu served as a supply and operational base for Arab and British forces fighting

312-481: A one-year Postgraduate Diploma in Digital Industrial Design, Physical Science and Engineering, and Bioscience. Each program is made up of soft skill, experimental, theoretical and entrepreneurship courses as well as a capstone experience. The VSRP is a three to six-month internship program available for 3rd/4th year undergraduate or master's students. During the program, students will work under

364-419: A speech where he stated that places like the university that "embrace all people are the first line of defence against extremists". The university initially received a $ 10 billion endowment. Upon opening, the university admitted 400 students from over 60 countries and 70 faculty. The campus is home to Shaheen , Asia's fastest supercomputer at the time of its commissioning. In 2013, Mai Majed Al-Qurashi became

416-466: Is CoE chair, and Professor Xin Gao, Computer Science, is co-chair. This center develops innovative general-purpose AI models tailored to meet the unique demands of Saudi Arabia’s RDI priorities, pursuing Generative AI research and driving advancements across multiple sectors. KAUST Professor Bernard Ghanem, Electrical and Computer Engineering, is CoE chair, and Professor Jürgen Schmidhuber , Computer Science,

468-626: Is a Private university research university located in Thuwal , Saudi Arabia . Founded in 2009, the university provides research and graduate training programs in English as the official language of instruction . It is named after King Abdullah bin Abdulalziz , the ruler of Saudi Arabia from 2005 until 2015. KAUST is the first mixed-gender university campus in Saudi Arabia. In 2013,

520-564: Is admitted receives the KAUST Fellowship. This fellowship covers the cost of a student's tuition fees, accommodation, health insurance, and relocation costs as well as giving the student a monthly stipend. Yanbu Yanbu ( Arabic : ينبع , romanized :  Yanbu' , lit.   'Spring'), also known as Yambu or Yenbo , is a city in the Al Madinah Province of western Saudi Arabia . It

572-529: Is also called Al-Balad ) contains most of the population. Most of the restaurants here cater to the various ethnic groups in the area, although some also cater to residents in the Royal Commission. The area also contains some international chain restaurants, as well as some coffee shops. There is also a shopping mall and various shopping centers located here as well. The city has many popular local brand hotels, including international brand like Holiday Inn Hotel, ibis Hotel, Radisson Blu Hotel and Novotel Hotel

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624-473: Is an important petroleum shipping terminal and is home to three oil refineries , a plastics facility and several other petrochemical plants. It is the country's second port (after Jeddah) and serves as the main port for the holy city of Medina , 160 km (99 mi) to the east. The natural harbour is protected on both sides by wide coral reefs . These reefs remain mostly untouched, making them excellent areas for diving. Three major oil pipelines lead across

676-571: Is approximately 300 kilometers northwest of Jeddah (at 24°05′N 38°00′E  /  24.083°N 38.000°E  / 24.083; 38.000 ). The population is 331,916 (2022 census). Many residents are foreign expatriates working in the oil refineries and petrochemical industry , mostly from Asia, but there are also large numbers from the Middle East , Europe , and North America . Yanbu has three primary sections; Yanbu Al-Bahr, Yanbu Al-Nakhl and Yanbu Al-Sina'iya as well as

728-488: Is clustered into four main areas: Research in the Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE) includes areas such as theoretical physics and physical chemistry; catalysis and bioengineering; polymers and composites; energy production, storage and conversion; water purification and environmental protection; novel materials, nanodevices and systems; sensors and smart devices for the detection of pollutants and

780-471: Is co-chair. This center develops agricultural technologies to enhance resource efficiency, crop improvement and sustainable biosystems, aimed at strengthening both Saudi and global food security. KAUST Professor Mark Tester , Plant Science, is CoE chair. Professor Peiying Hong, Environmental Science and Engineering, and Associate Professor Brande Wulff, Plant Science, are co-chairs. The Master of Science (M.S.) program at KAUST can be taken in one of

832-399: Is found living in the Royal Commission. The rest of the residents of Yanbu Al-Sina'iya tend to be upper-middle and upper-class Saudi citizens, upper-class Asians, and upper-class Arab and Middle Eastern residents. The residential area of Yanbu Al-Sina'iya has a more modern, clean, and organized feel to it than the downtown area. It is also greener. A new waterfront project has been launched in

884-478: Is located at the edge of this area, as is Yanbu Airport . Arabian Homes also have a gated private residential community compound catering to the expat population, and is located next to the Holiday Inn. Most of the residents tend to be lower and middle-class Saudi citizens, and well as mostly South Asian and lower and middle-class Arab and other Middle Eastern expatriates. Every year there is a flower festival at

936-400: Is located here, as is The Cove, a gated private residential housing compound built around a large private lagoon. Yanbu Al Sinaiyah is home to Yanbu Industrial College , created for training and imparting knowledge for the students and workforce of the industry. Yanbu International School was also located here, prior to its closing in 2018. The majority of Yanbu's Western expatriate population

988-408: Is situated in the city, and was inaugurated on 11 February 2019. Highway 5, Saudi Arabia's westernmost north-south highway, runs through Rabigh, providing access to Yanbu , Umluj , Duba (a ferry to Egypt is available at the port of Duba), Tabuk , and Jordan ; and Jeddah , Mecca , Abha and Jizan in the south. A connection to Highway 60 near Yanbu connects Rabigh to Medina . Riyadh and

1040-564: Is still undergoing major growth. This area of Yanbu was a strip of undeveloped coastal desert land on the Red Sea and has been transformed into an industrial city. Yanbu Al-Sina'iya's residential section is near the Royal Commission Headquarters. It has amenities such as many international chain and local restaurants, two shopping malls, various shopping centers, supermarkets of various sizes, hospitals, banks, and coffee shops. The Movenpick Hotel, Yanbu's newest hotel,

1092-639: Is the highest ranking university in the Times Higher Education Arab University Rankings 2023. Since September 2024, neuroscientist Sir Edward Byrne has served as KAUST’s fourth president. In 2006, Ali Al-Naimi chaired a Saudi Aramco team to undertake the building and planning of the academics. Nadhmi Al-Nasr was chosen to lead the project. They employed the Washington Advisory Group's Frank H. T. Rhodes and Frank Press to design

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1144-605: Is thus the site of several marine sanctuaries, many of which are situated close to the coast. The Five Corals Reef is one such reef situated approximately 15 km (9 mi) south west of Rabigh. The Al Entesar Club is a football club from Rabigh playing in the Saudi Second Division . King Abdullah University of Science and Technology King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ( KAUST ; Arabic : جامعة الملك عبد الله للعلوم و التقنية jāmiʿat al-malik ʿabd al-Lāh li-l-ʿulūm wa-t-teqniyya )

1196-410: Is very visible anywhere in the town. However, the town has neither hotels nor international schools, and locals and expatriates seeking foreign education for their children had to send them to international schools in the main city center, Yanbu Al Bahr, or in the Royal Commission. Yanbu Al-Sina'iya (literally "the industrial Yanbu") is the industrial city, established in 1975 by royal decree to create

1248-690: The King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , an international , graduate-level research university . Founded in 2009, it is the first co-educational university campus in Saudi Arabia; and the King Abdullah Economic City , facilitated by the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority , construction of which began in 2005. The project is being developed by Emaar , a Tadawul -listed company first established to develop KAEC. The King Abdullah Port , one Saudi Arabia's largest ports,

1300-531: The Levant . According to Islamic historical sources, in April 623 CE , Muhammad sent Ubaydah ibn al-Harith with a party of sixty armed Muhajirun to the baṭn ( Arabic : بَطْن , lit.   'valley') of Rabigh. They expected to intercept a Qurayshi caravan that was returning from Ash-Shaam , under the protection of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and 200 armed riders. The Muslim party travelled as far as

1352-756: The Ottoman Empire during World War I . On July 27, 1916 the Ottoman garrison surrendered in the Capture of Yanbu to the Arab revolutionary forces. It remained a small port town until 1975, when the Saudi government designated it as one of the country's two new industrial centers (the other being Al Jubayl in the Eastern Province ). Extensive government and private development have taken place at

1404-648: The Qassim Province . Highway 40 is accessible through Jeddah, providing connections to Mecca, Riyadh and Dammam . The nearest major airport to Rabigh is the King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah, 148 km (92 mi) to the south. The Haramain high-speed railway stops at King Abdullah Economic City, providing high-speed rail connections to Jeddah, Mecca and Medina. The Red Sea hosts many coral reefs , and

1456-494: The United Arab Emirates . All of the international destinations are serviced by foreign airlines; domestic carriers Saudia and Flynas only serve the domestic destinations listed above. A highway passes through Yanbu, linking Yanbu to Jeddah in the south, and to the northern parts of the kingdom as well as to neighboring countries like Syria, Jordan, etc., in the north. It is one of the oldest sea ports along

1508-441: The 16 available disciplines. It is expected that students complete the degree in 18 months and may be completed with or without a thesis component. Admission to the M.S. program requires the satisfactory completion of an undergraduate science degree in a relevant or related area, such as engineering, mathematics or the physical, chemical and biological sciences. The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) program at KAUST can be taken in one of

1560-532: The 16 available disciplines. It typically takes three to four years to complete. Admission to the Ph.D. program requires the satisfactory completion of a master's degree in science in a relevant or related area, such as engineering, mathematics or the physical, chemical and biological sciences. The M.S./Ph.D. program allows students to apply for the Ph.D. program after completing a bachelor's degree. The program typically takes four to five years to complete. KAUST offers

1612-715: The Future. The KAUST centers include the following: This center develops and deploys renewable energy and storage technologies, supporting Saudi Arabia’s sustainable energy transition by prototyping and commercializing innovations that enhance industrial competitiveness. KAUST Professor Husam Alshareef, Materials Science and Engineering, is CoE chair, and Professor Zhiping Lai, Chemistry, is co-chair. This center develops and deploys digital and AI-driven technologies aimed at transforming healthcare delivery in Saudi Arabia through precision medicine, promoting innovation, education and entrepreneurship. KAUST Professor Imed Gallouzi, Bioscience,

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1664-714: The academic structure, SRI International to develop the four research institutes, and the architectural firm of HOK for the campus master plan, which included wind towers and solar panels. The location of the campus at Thuwal included 16.4 sq km on land and 19.6 sq km of marine sanctuary offshore. Ground breaking took place in October 2007, and 178 scholarships were awarded in January 2008. KAUST officially opened on September 23, 2009, at an inauguration ceremony, where King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud gave

1716-422: The advent of Islam. Even up to the 17th century, the area in and around the city was known by its old name, al-Juhfah, also spelt al-Johfah. During the time of Muhammad, Rabigh was a frequent site of raids by Muslims on the Meccan caravans that passed through the region. It has been recorded Sahih Bukhari that Muhammad defined Al-Juhfah as the miqat for pilgrims arriving for Hajj and Umrah from Egypt and

1768-533: The areas of food and health, water, energy, environment and the digital domain. Research in the Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE) is organized around six focal areas: environmental systems; epigenetics; functional biology; genomics; imaging/structural biology; and marine science. Research in the Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE)

1820-470: The city is driven by the fact that it was a stopover for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims coming from Egypt and the Levant , as defined by the Islamic prophet Muhammad . The city was also located along pre-Islamic caravan routes between Yemen and the Levant . As a coastal town, fishing was the main source of income for the people of Rabigh, until the discovery of oil. Rabigh is known to have existed before

1872-502: The coastline of Yanbu Industrial City. The total area of this project is 12 km. The project consists of four phases. The first phase is made of a campground equipped with the needed facilities. The second phase is made up of gardens, marina and a number of islands. The third phase has a recreation area, hotel and other facilities. The fourth phase has an aquarium. Yanbu has a hot desert climate ( Köppen climate classification BWh ) with very hot summer like weather year round. Yanbu

1924-717: The completion of the East–West pipeline, Saudi Aramco chose Rabigh to be the site of their new refinery and port. Construction on the Rabigh refinery began in 1981, during the reign of King Fahd . The joint venture between Saudi Aramco and Japan's Sumitomo Chemical , the $ 10-billion Rabigh Refining and Petrochemical Company , also known as Petro Rabigh, was founded in 2005. It is currently the second-largest integrated oil refinery and petrochemical production facility in Saudi Arabia. Most other projects in and around Rabigh were built under King Abdullah and are thus named for him, such as

1976-461: The desert from the oilfields in the east to terminate at the Red Sea in Yanbu. For higher education, the city has several universities and colleges, including the following: Yanbu is also home to several primary, intermediate and secondary schools such as: Hospitals Although the city is known for its industrial activities, it is now growing as a touristic destination. The beach is used for scuba-diving as well as swimming and relaxing in front of

2028-532: The edges of the city, are starting to modernize, as new shopping centers, as well as a new shopping mall, have been built. Jarir Bookstore had also opened a branch in Yanbu Al-Balad. ( The Palms ) is a separate area, some 47 kilometers from the city (according to Google Maps), that has more than 20 villages such as Jabriyya, Suwaiq, Raihan, Mesharif, Ain-Ajlan, Madsos, Alnejil and Talaat Nazah, where mostly farms would be found. Currently (July 2018), most of

2080-504: The first woman to receive a PhD in Saudi Arabia, from KAUST. In September 2018, KAUST signed a 5-year R&D partnership agreement with McLaren . The university's core campus, located on the Red Sea at Thuwal , is sited on more than 36 square kilometres (14 sq mi), encompassing a marine sanctuary, museum , and research facility. KAUST is the first mixed-gender university campus in Saudi Arabia. Saudi authorities hope

2132-451: The guidance of KAUST faculty mentors on a current research project. Students accepted into the program receive a monthly stipend as well as having their accommodation, health insurance and travel costs covered. The Visiting Student Program (VS) is a flexible program allowing 3rd/4th year undergraduate or master's students to work directly with KAUST faculty members. Its length can range from a few days to several months. Students accepted into

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2184-492: The mixed-gender center will help modernize the Kingdom's deeply conservative society. The religious police do not operate on-site. Women are allowed to mix freely with men and they are not required to wear veils in the coeducational classes. KAUST was Saudi Arabia's first LEED certified project and is the world's largest LEED Platinum campus. Designed by international architecture firm Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum , it

2236-402: The outskirts of Yanbu that has attracted many viewers around Saudi Arabia and neighboring countries . Currently, the government is attempting to improve the old, historical area in downtown Yanbu, as many historical buildings are located there. Many are still in a serious state of disrepair. While most of Yanbu Al-Balad has a rather old, worn-out feel to it, parts of the city, particularly at

2288-424: The port and surrounding area, which is based on the petrochemical industry . The city is divided into three primary sections, which are located about fifteen minutes (drive by car) away from each other. Yanbu is the second-largest Saudi Arabian city by the Red Sea , after Jeddah . Also known as Yanbu Al-Bahar ("spring by the sea") is the most northern part of Yanbu. The downtown area of Yanbu Al-Bahr (which

2340-403: The program normally receive a monthly stipend as well as having their accommodation, health insurance and travel costs covered. While there is no minimum academic entry requirement, those admitted typically have strong grade profiles and clear research interests. Applicants are also required to meet English language requirements for entry unless they qualify for an exemption. Every student who

2392-421: The purification of air, water, and food; earth sciences, mechanics and geomechanics; oil exploration and recovery; and CO 2 sequestration. In July 2024, KAUST implemented four new Centers of Excellence (CoEs) aimed at driving research, development and innovation (RDI) to address Saudi Arabia’s four RDI priorities: Health and Wellness, Sustainable Environment, Energy and Industrial Leadership, and Economies of

2444-486: The residents are local tribes, mostly from Johainah (Aljohani), Harb (Alharbi), and few from Ashraf. There are also some foreign nationals, mostly from south and east Asia, as well as some expatriate Arabs. Some of the local Saudis work on their own farms and trade in sheep and camels. The most notable village in Yanbu Al Nakhal is Jabriyya, where the local government office for the town is located. The village has

2496-411: The university was among the 500 fastest growing research and citation records in the world. In the 2016 Nature Index Rising Stars, the university ranked 19th in the world of the fastest rising universities for high quality research output. In 2019 KAUST is ranked 8th fastest rising young universities (aged 50 and under) for their research output since 2015, as measured by fractional count (FC). KAUST

2548-528: The wells at Thanyat al-Murra, where Ubaydah ibn al-Harith shot an arrow at the Quraysh . This is known as the first arrow of Islam. Despite this surprise attack, "they did not unsheath a sword or approach one another," and the Muslims returned empty-handed; however, two Meccan traders left their caravan, became Muslim, and went with the expedition back to Medina . With the discovery of oil in Saudi Arabia and

2600-733: The white sandy shores. It has a very big beach called the "China herbal park ", which is approximately 4 km in size. In 2020, Saudi Arabia's tourism ministry decided to renovate T. E. Lawrence 's house in Yanbu, the British officer who captured the city during World War I. Yanbu has an international airport ( code YNB) that was upgraded in 2009. It only offers flights to Dammam , Jeddah , and Riyadh within Saudi Arabia. Internationally, it offers flights to Alexandria and Cairo in Egypt , Istanbul in Turkey , and Dubai and Sharjah in

2652-544: Was also chosen by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Committee on the Environment (COTE) as one of the 2010 Top Ten Green Projects. The university library received the 2011 AIA/ALA Library Building Award for accomplishments in library architecture. KAUST organizes its research teams across three academic disciplines, 12 research centers and individual faculty labs. KAUST focuses its research around

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2704-443: Was away commanding another raid. Between 150 and 200 followers joined this operation to al-Ushayra, Yanbu in either the month of Jumada al-awwal or Jumada al-Thani . They had 30 camels that they rode upon by turns. When they arrived at al-Usharayh, they expected to raid a rich Meccan caravan heading towards Syria led by Abu Sufyan . The locals already had the knowledge of this caravan’s departure from Mecca and waited for about

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