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70-398: As a level, it has been praised by critics and fans for its unusual, artistic appearance, elaborate puzzles interwoven with the architecture, and intricate hub-based level design. The game's depiction of a highly-prepared police force falling victim to a zombie outbreak themselves plays a role in the implicit irony of the setting. Its redesign in the series' remakes was also praised for making

140-503: A consultant. He advised them to restart development to remedy the issues. The game's first delay, announced in February 1997, pushed the release date back to August as the game was reworked into what eventually became Resident Evil 2 . The delay allowed developers to improve the game's core code, which was later described by data miners as having "poorly optimized" aspects. In the meantime, various builds of 1.5 were used to promote

210-516: A key to some of the rooms in the station. During the September 1998 Raccoon City T-Virus outbreak, many of the series' central characters seek refuge within the precinct, including Leon S. Kennedy and Claire Redfield . One day before them, S.T.A.R.S. Alpha Team operatives Brad Vickers and Jill Valentine holed up in the precinct while being pursued by one of Umbrella's deadly Bio-Organic Weapons, Nemesis , with Vickers being brutally killed by

280-446: A lone survivor named Robert Neville waging a war against a human population transformed into vampires . The novel has been adapted into several screenplays, including The Last Man on Earth (1964), starring Vincent Price , The Omega Man (1971), starring Charlton Heston and I Am Legend (2007) starring Will Smith . George A. Romero took inspiration from Matheson and developed the idea with his apocalyptic feature Night of

350-546: A long-running debate over whether the film could be categorised within the genre of zombie apocalypse. This was based on the technicality that the people infected with rage in the film are still alive rather than returning from the grave. The debate was further fuelled by the director Danny Boyle choosing not to label the film as a zombie movie. Screenwriter Alex Garland finally settled the matter by stating, "Whatever technical discrepancies may or may not exist, they're pretty much zombies". While aggressive quarantine may contain

420-480: A metaphor for various contemporary fears, such as global contagion, the breakdown of society, and the end of the world. It has repeatedly been referenced in the media and inspired various fan activities such as zombie walks , making it a dominant genre in popular culture . The myth of the zombie originated in Haiti in the 17th and 18th centuries when African slaves were brought in to work on sugar plantations under

490-430: A more standard keycard system to unlock areas. Vials of medicine replaced the series' traditional healing herbs, and players were able to equip two tiers of upgraded armor, an RPD bulletproof vest and high-tech Umbrella Corporation body armor, represented visually on their character model. Rather than a character limping when injured, their clothing would gradually become more damaged. The story of Resident Evil 1.5

560-489: A review of the film for the Chicago Sun-Times , in which he commented on the reaction of the young audience: "I don't think the younger kids really knew what hit them. They'd seen horror movies before, but this was something else. This was ghouls eating people—you could actually see what they were eating. This was little girls killing their mothers. This was being set on fire. Worst of all, nobody got out alive—even

630-433: A swarm of flesh-eating zombies, but almost everyone thinks they can handle it, and that's exactly what makes these movies so entertaining." In 2018, The Independent reported the findings of a survey conducted by NOW TV , which found that almost 25% of British people had a plan to survive a zombie apocalypse. The survey also found that one in six had considered putting in place a survival kit. Most respondents believed that

700-501: A third version existed. Resident Evil: Director's Cut was released to fill the gap caused by the delay, and included clips of cut content, such as a burning factory and a fight with zombie apes and a Spider Hybrid monster. Some beta versions of Resident Evil 2 contained 1.5 backgrounds and assets hidden within their code, and became red herrings when fans later tried to rebuild the lost game. While never distributed by Capcom in an official capacity, leaked development builds of

770-410: A zombie invasion. In a blog post, assistant surgeon general Ali S. Khan wrote, "That's right, I said z-o-m-b-i-e a-p-o-c-a-l-y-p-s-e. You may laugh now, but when it happens you'll be happy you read this". The post provided instructions for preparing for a zombie onslaught, as a comical way to prepare the public for similar emergencies, such as a hurricane or pandemic. CDC spokesman Dave Daigle said that

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840-426: Is a subgenre of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction in which society collapses due to overwhelming swarms of zombies . Typically only a few individuals or small bands of human survivors are left living. In some versions, the reason the dead rise and attack humans is unknown, in others, a parasite or infection is the cause, framing events much like a plague. Some stories have every corpse zombify, regardless of

910-423: Is overrun by zombies. The Raccoon Police Station was initially conceived by a team led by Hideki Kamiya as a traditional station based largely on the 1976 John Carpenter film Assault on Precinct 13 . However, producer Shinji Mikami believed it was too sterile and boring, and did not sufficiently resemble the complex design of Spencer Mansion from the first game. Accompanying a delay and drastic revision of

980-482: Is used, such as laptops seeming to use wireless streaming for their security footage. It has become a popular meme in Resident Evil 2's remake to question the use of a USB dongle in the police station's S.T.A.R.S. office since the game takes place in 1998. The technology wasn't readily available at that level in the real world until at least a year later. In a PC Gamer feature, journalist Andy Kelly described

1050-559: The Journal of Physics Special Topics. The study concluded that on the 100th day of the epidemic, only 273 human survivors would remain, outnumbered a million-to-one by the undead. A follow-up study using different parameters showed that the human population could recover. On May 18, 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published an article, Preparedness 101: Zombie Apocalypse providing tips on preparing to survive

1120-508: The PlayStation , and was directed by Hideki Kamiya and produced by Shinji Mikami . Beginning development a month after the completion of Resident Evil in early 1996, the game was drastically different than the completed version of Resident Evil 2 . It featured police officer, Leon S. Kennedy , and biker, Elza Walker , rather than Claire Redfield , as the playable characters. It ultimately reached 60-80% completion before development

1190-467: The Vietnam War . Erin C. Cassese, associate professor of political science, commented that public fears over racial tensions are reflected in the faces of the zombie horde in the film and that the dehumanisation of the zombie is a warning about human psychology. This commentary on the civil war between races was however accidental. Romero had hired African-American actor Duane Jones simply because he

1260-504: The Dead and Shaun of the Dead . Devon Maloney writing for Wired commented that zombie fandom shares a group mentality that has manifested in group activities like zombie walks , and that the concept of seeing a zombie as an "other" has been a complicated metaphor. He said, "The more realistic apocalypse scenarios in movies struggle to be, the more likely people are to consider them seriously". Kerrang! 's Mike Rampton wrote, "Perhaps

1330-474: The Dead and Zombieland , as well as video games in the Resident Evil series and The Last of Us have been major commercial successes. In 2010, Frank Darabont , executive producer of The Walking Dead commented, "To be a fan of zombie films was a really sub-cult thing for many decades. In the last five years, it's become massively mainstream". The release of 28 Days Later in 2002 created

1400-401: The Dead underscore the fears of capitalism and mindless consumption that racked the late 1970s". From the 1980s, the zombie apocalypse was driven by a fear of global contagion, due to the appearance of Ebola in 1976, AIDS in 1980, Avian Flu in the mid-90s and SARS in 2003. This fear of contagion provided creators with a new explanation for the zombie apocalypse. The contagion concept

1470-625: The Living Dead (1968), but for vampires he substituted shuffling ghouls . Romero stated, "I confessed to him that I basically ripped the idea off from I Am Legend . He forgave me because we didn't make any money. He said, 'Well, as long as you didn't get rich, it's okay.'" Romero said that he never referred to the monsters in his film as "zombies". Instead, the term appeared in an article in Cahiers du Cinéma . Romero commented that earlier depictions of zombies in film, "were very Caribbean and it

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1540-501: The Living Dead as one of the most influential horror films of all time. He commented, "Romero's dark fantasy dragged in many of the anxieties of its age. And, of course, it gave the horror world a new monster: a being that rises from the grave to feast on human flesh. They came to be known as zombies". Jon Towlson of the British Film Institute remarked that the ground-breaking legacy of the film lies in, "Romero making

1610-600: The Zombie Apocalypse" that included a fictional interview with a director of research at the CDD, the "Center for Disease Development". The interview involved "Dr. Dale Dixon" answering questions about how different weather conditions affect zombies' abilities. Questions included "How does the temperature affect zombies' abilities? Do they run faster in warmer temperatures? Do they freeze if it gets too cold?" Donald Clarke writing for The Irish Times described Night of

1680-459: The aspect of requiring security keycards was seen as accurate. Virtual Cities: An Atlas & Exploration of Video Game Cities describes the police station as "extravagant", "massive" and "iconically odd", characterizing it as "an intriguingly skewed vision of American midwestern urbanism", albeit crafted by Japanese game developers during the 90s who were influenced by 1970s and 80s zombie films . Zombie apocalypse Zombie apocalypse

1750-400: The authors concluded that offensive strategies were the most reliable, due to risks that can compromise a quarantine. They also found that a cure would leave few humans alive, since this would do little to slow the infection rate. The study determined that the most likely long-term outcome of such an outbreak would be the extinction of humans. This conclusion stems from the study's reasoning that

1820-581: The campaign was a response to a question about whether zombies were a potential danger due to radiation in Japan. In the unclassified document titled " CONOP 8888 ", officers from U.S. Strategic Command used a zombie apocalypse scenario as a training template for operations, emergencies and catastrophes, as a tool to teach cadets about the basic concepts of military plans and disaster preparation using its admittedly outlandish premise. On October 17, 2011, The Weather Channel published an article, "How to Weather

1890-508: The cause of death, whereas others require exposure to the infection, most commonly in the form of a bite. The genre originated in the 1968 American horror film Night of the Living Dead , which was directed by George A. Romero , who took inspiration from the 1954 novel I Am Legend by Richard Matheson . Romero's film introduced the concept of the flesh-eating zombie and spawned numerous other fictional works, including films, video games and literature. The zombie apocalypse has been used as

1960-418: The characters equipped. However, as the 1.5 version approached release and was 60-80% completed, no one at Capcom was satisfied by it, with Mikami stating in a later 1998 interview that "no one element was specifically boring, just everything as a whole", adding in a different interview that the game "was no fun". The Raccoon Police Station, initially heavily inspired by the 1976 film Assault on Precinct 13 ,

2030-512: The community. Screenshots of the game began to leak in 2012, and a playable but "broken" version of the IGAS build was leaked in February 2013. Eventually, a different fan, author Richard Mandel, discovered an alternate build for sale on eBay, purchasing it and releasing it unmodified in June 2013. Progress on recreating the game is still ongoing, with various patches being released. Capcom included

2100-489: The creature at the precinct entrance (except in the Resident Evil 3 remake, where he's bitten and infected by a zombie before stumbling to the police department to bite and mortally wound officer Marvin Branagh. The station is temporarily used as a rallying point and temporary shelter for surviving citizens during the incident, including the survivors of Resident Evil Outbreak: File 2 . The "Desperate Times" scenario details

2170-732: The end of the world as we have known it." Initial public reaction to the zombie apocalypse genre was immediately positive. When Night of the Living Dead premiered at the Fulton Theater in Pittsburgh on October 1, 1968, the film was an instant hit and was well received by movie goers in America and Europe. It received praise from Sight and Sound magazine in Britain and Cahiers du Cinéma in France. By contrast, critical reception

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2240-402: The epidemic, or a cure may lead to coexistence of humans and zombies, the most effective way to contain the rise of the undead is to hit hard and hit often. According to a 2009 Carleton University and University of Ottawa epidemiological analysis, an outbreak of slow zombies "is likely to lead to the collapse of civilization, unless it is dealt with quickly." Based on mathematical modelling ,

2310-781: The escape of a handful of officers and survivors the day before the arrival of Jill Valentine and Brad Vickers. Eventually, the building suffers the same fate as the rest of Raccoon City, when it is annihilated by the United States government to prevent the spread of the T-Virus. In 2021, the Raccoon Police Station was added to the survival horror game Dead by Daylight as one of its playable maps. The Raccoon Police Station first appeared on film in Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004). During

2380-420: The events of Resident Evil , is instead closed down entirely based on the testimony of the surviving members of STARS . As the developers had assumed the first game would not be a massive success, it was intended to be the conclusion of the series and put all unanswered questions to rest. The T-Virus is spread throughout Raccoon City by escaped creatures from Umbrella's underground labs. After fighting through

2450-500: The final game, were significantly different in 1.5 . Characters who appeared in both routes included Chief Brian Irons , who was initially a helpful and professional supporting character rather than insane and villainous, and Sherry's parents, Annette and William Birkin , who was without most of his transformations. While the story of 1.5 generally resembled its final incarnation, some aspects were different. Umbrella Corporation, rather than escaping any serious responsibility for

2520-553: The game at demos and trade shows . While the last public appearance of 1.5 is widely considered to be at the April 1997 Tokyo Game Show , Hyper PlayStation Remix , a Japanese gaming magazine , seemingly had access to content from the 1.5 version as late as December 1997. Adding to the confusion amongst fans, as well as the legendary status of the game, a promotional video from the 1997 E3 used footage spliced together from both 1.5 and an initial build of 2 , causing fans to believe

2590-428: The game is theorized to be possessed by Capcom, it has never been shared in any capacity. Despite this, the game's existence has been referenced by Capcom, who included Elza's motorcycle suit as an unlockable costume for Claire in Resident Evil 2 's remake . Resident Evil 1.5 played in a fairly similar manner to the eventual Resident Evil 2 , but had some differences in its mechanics. It featured less puzzles, and

2660-403: The game were rumored to have been in circulation as early as the late 1990s, prompting numerous hoaxes and claims that fans possessed a copy in order to flaunt it as a status symbol . In 2001, a playable copy of the game appeared on eBay , but it is unclear whether it was purchased, and it never reached the public. A partially-complete demo version, dubbed the "40 percent build", or "raw build",

2730-475: The game, with the original being referred to as Resident Evil 1.5 , Mikami insisted the station's design be changed to that of a historic art museum that resembled a haunted mansion . The Police Station was designed in the Gothic revival style, often used in religious buildings , giving it a church-like appearance. Its idiosyncratic design is representative of America as seen through a Japanese lens, including

2800-405: The hero got killed". The film has since been recognised as a classic by film critics. In October 2018, Steve Rose writing for The Guardian described it as, "brilliantly perplexing, horrifying and mysteriously allegorical". Several decades after the release of Night of the Living Dead , the popularity of the genre has only increased. Films like 28 Days Later , Dawn of the Dead , Shaun of

2870-515: The main hall in the B scenario, and Mr. X's presence. Ed Smith of Kill Screen called the station a "fascinating" example of how the game meshes comprehensible mechanisms and architecture with "videogame conceits". Describing the building's design as "strange and abstract", he noted that it combines the "credible and conceptual". Calling the main hall "far too big", he stated that it left the player feeling "vulnerable, exposed, and daunted", describing it as an unexpected rug-pull after fighting through

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2940-501: The main hall's giant goddess statue. The original main hall of the station is a flat, pre-rendered image, while the one for Resident Evil 2 remake is fully rendered in 3D. Its lighting was drastically changed for the remake, from having brightly-lit interiors to dark and often flooded or blood-filled rooms, making it significantly more scary to explore. The remake retains the station's late 1990s setting, with period-accurate computers, although often other technology from later time periods

3010-399: The mind of Chief Irons. Rosh Kelly of PCGamesN called the police station one of the most memorable aspects of Resident Evil 2 , describing it as a "claustrophobic gothic building". He cited an actual police officer's testimonial that it was unlike the majority of police stations, but that rural police buildings, which were often converted houses, could have many winding passages, although

3080-441: The most appealing element of a zombie apocalypse is that it draws people together, forcing them to put their differences aside to unite against a common enemy and set it on fire. Other than the extraordinary violence involved, that sounds like a dream come true". Sophie Collins of MovieWeb considered that the appeal of the genre is that it is an escapist fantasy about survival: "Perhaps people underestimate what it takes to fight off

3150-411: The physics (and metaphysics) of human survival: how the end of the world would bring out the best and worst in the human condition". Nicholas Barber from BBC Culture opined that, "zombies embody the great contemporary fear", noting their "relentless shuffle into the mainstream of popular culture " and particularly highlighted the commercial and critical success of films like 28 Days Later , Dawn of

3220-430: The plot involves not re-animated corpses but living humans infected with a pathogen. Improved CGI technology and the rise of first-person shooter video games resulted in the herd behavior being replaced by zombies capable of running, jumping, and attacking as individuals. From the beginnings of the genre, film makers have used the zombie apocalypse as a metaphor for various cultural fears and social tensions, including

3290-423: The police station, which looked more modern, as the idea to depict it as a former museum had not yet materialized, both characters then travel into the sewers in search of Umbrella's secret lab, ending up being forced to fight William Birkin. As much of the story text, as well as the game's FMVs (full motion videos), are missing from leaked builds, it is difficult to piece together specific details. Resident Evil 2

3360-470: The primary epidemiological risk of zombies is the continual growth of the infected population, a phenomenon which would only cease with the infection or death of all surviving humans. In 2017, a group of students from the University of Leicester Department of Physics and Astronomy used an epidemiological model called a SIRS model to plot the spread of a zombie infection. Their findings were presented in

3430-521: The rule of France . The slaves believed that if they ended their own lives by suicide they would be condemned to spend eternity trapped in their own bodies as the undead. This myth evolved in the Voodoo religion into the Haitian belief that corpses were reanimated by shamans. The zombie concept eventually infiltrated western culture with the publication of the first example of zombie fiction in 1927, which

3500-472: The setting more detailed and atmospheric. Formerly Raccoon City's prestigious art museum , the building was purchased in 1969 (prior to Resident Evil 2 remake, the late 80's ) by the local government and converted for use by the RPD due to its ample parking space and centralized location near Raccoon City's central business district. Although the artworks within the building were removed and relocated, it

3570-519: The slow, lumbering, and unintelligent kind first popularized in the 1968 film Night of the Living Dead . Zombies were repeatedly shown in slow-walking groups demonstrating herd behavior and overwhelming victims by strength of numbers. In the 2000s, several films featured zombies that are depicted as more agile, vicious, intelligent, and stronger than the traditional zombie. In many cases of these "fast" zombies, e.g., 28 Days Later , Zombieland , Dying Light , The Last of Us , and Left 4 Dead ,

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3640-432: The spread of disease and plague. The narrative of a zombie apocalypse carries strong connections to the turbulent social landscape of the United States in the 1960s when the originator of this genre, the film Night of the Living Dead , was created. At the time when Romero was shooting the film, Americans were viewing televised images of various violent events, including the 1967 Newark riots , 1967 Detroit riot and

3710-417: The station as a "great setting" for multiple reasons, citing its construction around a central hub, helping the player to create a mental map of its layout. Describing the remake's incarnation, he called the lighting "moody" and "atmospheric", and the architecture "gorgeous", citing the nostalgia elicited from its appearance. He also mentioned the level's subversion of expectations, such as zombies impinging upon

3780-595: The viral outbreak in Raccoon City, a large number of infections occurred in the station, as violent, infected people were arrested and brought to the department, where they attacked officers and other prisoners. By the time the city was sealed, the R.P.D.'s headquarters building was abandoned. The station appears again in Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City (2021), where the protagonists seek weapons, and are subsequently forced to escape after it

3850-470: The zombie apocalypse would begin in New York City and spread to London . It also found that one in ten respondents believed that they would only survive for one week in a post-apocalyptic world. Resident Evil 1.5 Resident Evil 1.5 is the unofficial name given to a scrapped prototype version of the 1998 survival horror game Resident Evil 2 . It was under development by Capcom for

3920-502: The zombie genre allows people to deal with their own anxiety about the end of the world. He commented, "People have a lot of anxiety about the future. They're constantly being battered with these very scary, very global catastrophes. I think a lot of people think the system is breaking down and just like the 1970s, people need a 'safe place' to explore their apocalyptic worries". Kim Paffenroth noted that "more than any other monster, zombies are fully and literally apocalyptic... they signal

3990-571: The zombie outbreak outside. Edwin Evans-Thirlwell of Eurogamer called the station's artwork "eerie", calling it "extravagantly remodeled" in the Resident Evil 2 remake. Describing its lobby as "absurdly overwrought", he remarked that the level's numerous appearances evoked the unheimlich concept, and were uncanny because they were so familiar. He stated that the building's decorations had psychological resonance, as they mirrored

4060-436: The zombies into flesh-eating beings, creating an allegory of a society devouring itself from within. This would become the central metaphor underlying much modern apocalyptic horror". Adam Nayman of The Ringer considered that the power of the zombie apocalypse movie is its plausibility. He said, " In Night of the Living Dead and Dawn of the Dead , Romero had smartly de-emphasized the why of his zombie outbreaks to focus on

4130-452: Was a book titled The Magic Island written by William Seabrook . The book was later adapted for cinema as the 1932 film White Zombie . Directed by Victor Halperin and starring Bela Lugosi , it was the first feature-length zombie film, establishing the sub genre of zombies and paving the way for the zombie apocalypse in cinema. An early inspirational work of the genre was Richard Matheson 's novel I Am Legend (1954), which features

4200-431: Was all to do with voodoo". By contrast his versions were flesh-eating monsters returned from the grave: "We thought up very few rules or powers for them. The idea was they are your neighbours in a different state. One of the few early ideas we did have was that you have to shoot them in the head to kill them". Several themes and tropes commonly appear in zombie-apocalypse films: Generally, films have depicted zombies as

4270-488: Was designed and installed by the Umbrella Corporation to better facilitate Irons' duties within their clandestine research operations, as these sewer entrances allowed access to their secret underground laboratories. In the remake, however, the underground lab is accessed through a secret tunnel and office hidden by a large moving statue in the main hall of the RPD, which in the original game would only give you

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4340-429: Was mainly negative. A reviewer for Variety commented that the film raised, "doubts about the future of the regional cinema movement and the moral health of filmgoers who cheerfully opt for unrelieved sadism." The graphic violence depicted in the film caused particular controversy. Pauline Kael writing for The New Yorker described it as, "one of the most gruesomely terrifying movies ever made". Roger Ebert wrote

4410-441: Was obtained by a video game collector nicknamed "The Curator", and purchased by a group of fans in 2011 for USD $ 8000. Rather than releasing it directly to the public, they formed Team IGAS (I Got A Shotgun) in order to mod improvements into the game, while searching for more advanced builds that may have existed. The withholding of the game, in addition to purported harassment and sabotage towards other rival modders, angered part of

4480-455: Was once again decorated by Raccoon City's Chief of Police, Brian Irons , a known art and sculpture enthusiast. Irons' proclivity to constantly purchase ever more grandiose pieces leads to many of the building's storage rooms being filled with neglected artworks he no longer appreciates. The building contains two entrances to the city's sewer system; one through the kennels , and one through a secret room connected to Chief Irons' office. The latter

4550-434: Was originally scheduled for a May 1997 release date, with Shinji Mikami as producer and Hideki Kamiya as director. Features that were being experimented with included a large amount of zombies on screen, made possible via lower polygon counts, and the ability of monsters to mutate over time. Both the game's pre-rendered backgrounds, and the outfits of the main characters, could be altered based on story events, and what

4620-401: Was restarted nearly from scratch. With builds rumored to be circulating since the 1990s, Resident Evil 1.5 became the focus of dedicated fans and video game preservationists to obtain and release a copy to the public. Purchased by a small group of fans in 2011 from a video game collector and kept private, a half-finished version was leaked online in 2013. While a more complete version of

4690-463: Was seen as visually uninteresting compared to Spencer Mansion , and was redesigned based on photographic references that the team was "told off" for taking. Additionally, the low polygon counts caused the zombies to not be scary enough, despite their large number. The team did not enjoy the lack of a link to the previous game, bringing in Noboru Sugimura , then a professional script writer, as

4760-475: Was split into two scenarios with two player characters that both took place during a zombie outbreak in Raccoon City , similar to Resident Evil 2 , though, in 1.5 , they never overlapped. While the actions of one character affected the environment of the other, they did not physically meet each other. They would have their own NPCs (non-player characters) who helped them escape, who despite being featured in

4830-570: Was the best actor, but noted that after finishing the film, "that very night we heard the news that Martin Luther King had been shot. There were race riots everywhere". Christopher Shaw writing for The Guardian noted that Romero's 1978 follow-up film Dawn of the Dead is a satire on consumer society . In the film, zombies overrun a shopping mall where survivors have taken refuge. Javier Zarracina for Vox commented, "The zombies in Dawn of

4900-453: Was used in the 1996 video game Resident Evil and the 2002 film 28 Days Later . From the beginning of the post-apocalyptic television series The Walking Dead in 2010, the predominant theme shifted from a fear of the zombie horde to the fear of other humans. The series focuses on small groups of survivors driven by self-preservation and protected by walls designed to keep out both the zombies and other survivors. Max Brooks opined that

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