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60-420: The county covers an area of 1,529.75 square kilometres (590.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 152,190, out of which the population of Pionki is 18,269, that of Iłża is 4,733, that of Skaryszew is 4,371, and the rural population is 124,817. Apart from the city of Radom , Radom County is also bordered by Białobrzegi County to the north, Kozienice County to the north-east, Zwoleń County to

120-413: A result. At that time, Radom was located along the so-called Oxen Trail , from Ruthenian lands to Silesia . In 1376, the city became the seat of a starosta , and entered the period of its greatest prosperity. King Władysław Jagiełło granted several privileges to the city. Jagiełło himself frequently travelled from Kraków to Vilnius , and liked to stay at Radom Castle en route. On March 18, 1401,

180-474: A safety. The take-down lever is used to lock the slide back (as the Browning Hi-Power safety is used) during disassembly to allow removal of the slide release lever. In later variants, this lever is omitted and the slide must be manually aligned to remove the slide release lever. Once the slide and frame are aligned (by the disassembly lever or manually), the recoil guide is pulled forward to release

240-490: A sewage system was built. Russians closed down the Benedictine monastery and established a Tsarist prison in its place. Streets were gradually paved, and in 1885, a rail line from Dąbrowa Górnicza to Dęblin was completed, via Radom. In the early 20th century a power plant was built. In 1906, notable Polish independence fighter Kazimierz Sosnkowski , future politician and general, escaped from Warsaw to Radom, pursued by

300-500: A small series of some 27 pistols on the basis of the original plans and specifications, mainly for the US collectors' market. But it differed from the original pre-war pistols with the shape of the rear sight notch and the Eagle on the slide. In 2010 another short series was manufactured. In 2012 IWA Radom Factory has presented the piece dated 2010 that was chromium coated instead of blued. On

360-534: Is also located close to European route E77 , here the European route E371 begins, which runs southwards, to Slovakia . The famous Radom Air Show takes place at Radom Airport , an airport located 3.5 km (2 mi) from the center of Radom. Radom is home to about 20 schools of higher education: Members of Parliament ( Sejm ) elected from Radom constituency Radom is twinned with: Former twin towns: On 28 February 2022, Radom ended its partnership with

420-532: The Auschwitz concentration camp . Deportations to concentration camps continued throughout the war, and 18,000 people passed through the local prison, mostly Polish political activists, resistance members and innocent people, plus ordinary criminals. At the large massacre sites in the present-day districts of Firlej and Kosów, the Germans murdered around 15,000 and 1,500 people, respectively. In October 1940,

480-642: The Duchy of Bavaria . On November 18, 1489, Johann von Tiefen , the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights , paid homage to King Jagiellon at Radom Castle. Mikołaj Radomski , one of the earliest Polish composers, comes from Radom. In 1468, the complex of a Bernardine church and monastery was founded here by King Jagiellon, with support of the local starosta , Dominik z Kazanowa. The complex was originally made of wood (until 1507). In 1481, Radom became

540-729: The Germans took over the Radom Armoury and continued production of the Vis under the new name of 9 mm Pistole 645(p) , which was for some reason often rendered as P 35(p) (the suffix "p" means "polnisch") (the German pistols of the first series had inscriptions VIS Mod.35 and P.35(p) on the left side ). Up to 1945, between 312,000 and 380,000 were produced and used by the German paratroopers and military police . Polish technicians working in

600-658: The Imperial 1897 census , out of the total population of 28,700, Jews constituted 11,200 (~39%). From 1975 to 1998, it was the seat of the Radom Voivodeship . In 1954 and 1984, city limits were greatly expanded by including several settlements as new districts, including Długojów Górny, Huta Józefowska, Janiszpol, Józefów, Kierzków, Kończyce, Krychnowice, Krzewień, Malczew, Mleczna, Nowa Wola Gołębiowska, Nowiny Malczewskie, Stara Wola Gołębiowska, Wincentów, Wólka Klwatecka. In 2007, two pilots died in an accident at

660-800: The Pact of Vilnius and Radom was signed, which strengthened the Polish–Lithuanian union . Immediately after the Pact, preparations for the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War began. King Casimir IV Jagiellon frequently visited Radom, along with his wife, Elizabeth of Austria . Here, the King would host foreign envoys, from such countries as the Crimean Khanate , the Kingdom of Bohemia , and

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720-778: The Third Partition of Poland (1795). For a few years (1795–1809) it was part of the Austrian province of West Galicia . After the Polish victory in the Austro-Polish War of 1809, it was part of the Polish Duchy of Warsaw , which named it capital of the Radom Department . From 1815 the city belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland , remaining a regional administrative center. In 1816–1837 it

780-479: The Vis wz. 32 were produced. It would not have been a wise thing, of course, to initiate a design without considering existing products. It was, rather, a matter of selecting the most successful and modern weapon model and, based on it, to try and create the perfect weapon. The most successful of those previously designed were... the [Colt Browning] Model 1911... created by John Browning, the most talented of builders in

840-504: The wz. abbreviation for wzór ("model"). The tests proved that the handgun was very accurate and stable (due to its size and mass, most stresses are absorbed and not passed on the shooter), while at the same time remaining reliable after firing more than 6,000 rounds. The Vis was generally regarded as one of the best military pistols of that period. Mass production started in the state armoury Fabryka Broni in Radom in late 1935, and

900-465: The 1980s. Fallen Red Army soldiers rest at the local cemetery at Warszawska Street. The communists held Polish resistance members in the former German prison. In September 1945, the resistance movement attacked the communist prison and liberated nearly 500 prisoners. Up to the Second World War , like many other cities in interwar Poland , Radom had a large Jewish population. According to

960-439: The 90th anniversary of the arms factory, 50 more handguns were produced for collectors in 2015. In December 2017, FB Radom's chairman, Adam Suliga, confirmed to the Polish magazine MILMAG that the Vis would be returning to production, and is planned to be available for retail in the second half of 2018. This will not be a single commemorative series, but rather, according to MILMAG , FB Radom reportedly hope to continually offer

1020-461: The 9mm, there was also a small information series of .45 ACP version, with 7-round magazine, but they were not produced in greater series. Most probably only for the Argentinian competition the wooden stock-shoulder was issued but it has not survived. A .22 LR variant also existed, but no details are known, and its series was not produced in great numbers. After the Polish defeat in 1939,

1080-621: The Army of the People's Republic of Poland used the Soviet TT-33 pistol, produced in the former Fabryka Broni in Radom due to Warsaw Pact regulations. It was considered much inferior to the Vis, especially in ergonomics and reliability, but political considerations and Soviet influence were decisive. In August 1997, the Łucznik Arms Factory in Radom reintroduced the Vis pistol and produced

1140-548: The City County of Radom was created, and the following year, its rail connection with Warsaw was completed. In the late 1930s, due to the government project known as the Central Industrial Area , several new factories were built; by 1938, the population had grown to 80,000. The city was also a military garrison, serving as headquarters of the 72nd Infantry Regiment. On September 1, 1939, the first day of

1200-562: The German invasion of Poland and World War II , the Germans air raided the city. On September 8, 1939, Radom was captured by the Wehrmacht , and was afterwards occupied by Germany . On September 21, 1939, the German Einsatzgruppe II entered the city to commit various crimes against the population , and afterwards its members co-formed the local German police and security forces. The Germans immediately confiscated

1260-581: The German occupiers established a forced labour camp for Jews , and in 1941, they formed the Radom Ghetto , with a population of 34,000 Jews, most of whom perished at the Treblinka extermination camp . According to German regulations, sheltering Jews outside the ghetto was punishable by death. The secret Polish Council to Aid Jews "Żegota" , established by the Polish resistance movement operated in

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1320-538: The November Uprising. Its obsolete and ruined fortifications were destroyed upon order of Mayor Józef Królikowski. In the early days of the January Uprising , Marian Langiewicz visited Radom, preparing the rebellion. In the 19th century, Radom was one of the leading centers of the new art of photography in partitioned Poland, alongside major cities of Warsaw, Gdańsk , Kraków and Wilno. In 1867

1380-764: The Polish population in decline, the number of Jewish settlers grew by the early 18th century. In 1682 the first Piarists arrived, and in 1737–1756, opened a college. The 3rd Infantry Regiment of the Polish Crown Army was stationed in Radom at various times. Radom remained within the Sandomierz Voivodeship of the Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until

1440-671: The Polish resistance, for which one was even arrested and sent to a concentration camp. In April 1943, the resistance successfully assassinated the chief of the local German police. In 1944, following the Polish Warsaw Uprising , the Germans deported thousands of Varsovians from the Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków , where they were initially imprisoned, to Radom. Those Poles were mainly old people, ill people and women with children. 3,500 Poles expelled from Warsaw stayed in

1500-538: The Polish-Lithuanian nobility; the situation changed, however, in early 1656, when anti-Swedish uprisings broke out in southern Lesser Poland and quickly spread across the country. Radom was looted and almost completely destroyed in August 1656. Its population shrank from some 2,000 before the war, to 395 in 1660, with only 37 houses still standing. Swedish soldiers burned the royal castle and the monastery. With

1560-757: The Russian Okhrana . In Radom, he continued his secret activities, and became the commander of the local Combat Organization , before he eventually had to escape again, this time to the Dąbrowa Basin . During World War I, the city was captured by the Austro-Hungarian Army in July 1915. An Austrian garrison remained until November 1918. In the Second Polish Republic Radom became part of Kielce Voivodeship . In 1932

1620-712: The Russian city of Ozyory and the Belarusian city of Homyel as a reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . Notable people who have been born, have lived or have worked in Radom: FB Vis The Vis or Vis 35 (Polish designation Pistolet wz. 35 Vis ; German designation 9 mm Pistole 35(p) , or simply the Radom in some English sources and Vis wz. 35 in Poland) is a Polish 9×19mm caliber, single-action , semi-automatic pistol . Its design

1680-541: The Spanish Ruby .45 ACP. A characteristic feature was a trapezoid grip shape, wider at the bottom, offering good ergonomics and firm grip. On the right side grip cover, the Polish pistols had the letters "VIS" in a triangle, on the left side—FB (for Fabryka Broni —"Arms Factory"). Initially it was named WiS (an acronym of the Polish designers' names), later the name was changed to Vis, meaning "force" in Latin , with

1740-464: The White . The first documented mention of Radom comes from the year 1155, in a bull of Pope Adrian IV ( villam iuxta Rado, que vocatur Zlauno , or a village near Radom, called Sławno ). By 1233, Radom was the seat of a castellan . The name of the city comes from the ancient Slavic given name Radomir , and Radom means a gord, which belongs to Radomir . In the second half of the 13th century, Radom

1800-539: The air show, resulting in the cancellation of the rest of the event. On 30 August 2009, also during the air show, another two pilots who represented Belarus were killed when their plane crashed. Radom was one of the main centres of the strike action taken by Polish health care workers in 2007. Radom has a humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfb ). Radom is an important railroad junction, where two lines meet: east–west connection from Lublin to Łódź , and north–south from Warsaw to Kielce , and Kraków . The city

1860-576: The armoury stole many handgun parts to be assembled clandestinely and supplied for use by the Home Army in their fight against the German occupation; when the Nazis discovered this, some of the Polish workers were hanged publicly in front of the factory while others were sent to concentration camps . The Germans moved production of barrels and final assembly to Steyr-Daimler-Puch in the " Ostmark " (Austria). However, underground production of Vis barrels

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1920-613: The biennial Radom Air Show , the largest air show in the country, held during the last weekend of August. "Radom" is also the popular unofficial name for a semiautomatic FB Vis pistol, which was produced from 1935 to 1944 by Radom's Łucznik Arms Factory . The city continues to produce military firearms for the Polish Armed Forces . The international Radom Jazz Festival and the International Gombrowicz Theater Festival are held in

1980-435: The border of Lesser Poland and Mazovia , Radom quickly emerged as an important administrative center of the early Kingdom of Poland . Piotrówka was probably named after St. Peter church, which in 1222 was placed under the authority of a Benedictine Abbey in nearby Sieciechów . The church no longer exists; the oldest still-extant church in Radom is St. Wacław, founded in the 13th century by Prince of Sandomierz Leszek I

2040-615: The camp. From October 1939 to January 1940, the Germans carried out several public executions of Polish civilians in various locations in Radom, killing 111 people. The Germans also operated a heavy prison in the city, and carried mass arrests of hundreds of Poles, who were then held in the prison. Many Poles expelled from Gdynia in 1939 were placed in a temporary transit camp in a local church, before they were sent to nearby settlements. The occupiers liquidated local cultural and social life. All sports clubs and high schools were closed, and teaching of literature, geography and history in

2100-733: The capital, Warsaw . It is situated on the Mleczna River in the Masovian Voivodeship . Radom is the fifteenth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest in its province with a population of 196,918 (30.06.2023) For centuries, Radom was part of the Sandomierz Province of the Kingdom of Poland and the later Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . Despite being part of the Masovian Voivodeship,

2160-562: The city historically belongs to Lesser Poland . It was a significant center of administration, having served as seat of the Crown Council which ratified the Pact of Vilnius and Radom between Lithuania and Poland in 1401. The Nihil novi and Łaski's Statute were adopted by the Sejm at Radom's Royal Castle in 1505. In 1976, it was a center of the June 1976 protests . The city is home to

2220-583: The city, as of November 1, 1944. In January 1945, the occupiers sent the last transport of prisoners from Radom to Auschwitz, but it only reached Częstochowa , while the remaining prisoners were massacred in Firlej. On January 16, 1945, the city was captured by the Red Army , and then restored to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which then stayed in power until the Fall of Communism in

2280-561: The city, including Stephen Bathory and his wife Anna Jagiellon , Sigismund III Vasa , and Augustus III of Poland . In 1623 many residents died in an epidemic, and in 1628, half of Radom burned in a fire. The period of prosperity ended during the Swedish invasion of Poland . The Swedish army captured the city without a fight in November 1655. At first the invaders behaved correctly, as King Charles X Gustav still sought alliances within

2340-460: The city. Radom was a center of Polish resistance, with various organizations, such as Service for Poland's Victory , Independent Poland  [ pl ] , Union of Armed Struggle , Bataliony Chłopskie , Grey Ranks and numerous Home Army units operating in the area. The resistance carried out various actions, which included sabotage, stealing weapons, secret education , etc. Poles were even able to produce weapons for Polish partisans in

2400-469: The city. Radom's original settlement dates back to the 8th–9th century. It was an early medieval town in the valley of the Mleczna River (on the approximate site of present-day Old Town ). In the second half of the 10th century, it became a gord , called Piotrówka , which was protected by a rampart and a moat . Due to convenient location on the edge of a large wilderness, and its proximity to

2460-462: The east, Lipsko County to the south-east, Starachowice County to the south, Szydłowiec County to the south-west and Przysucha County to the west. The county is subdivided into 13 gminas (one urban, two urban-rural and 10 rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population. The history of Radom County dates back to the Middle Ages , when the city of Radom

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2520-562: The famous Colt M1911A1 , which was the main inspiration behind the project – to the point that some consider the Vis to be an iteration of the Colt M1911. The Vis was designed by Piotr Wilniewczyc , and Jan Skrzypiński  [ pl ] in 1930 at the Fabryka Broni (Arms Factory) in Radom under Director Kazimierz Ołdakowski. The first prototype version was ready in 1930 and patented in 1932, when 134 prototype handguns of

2580-411: The following year it was introduced as the standard firearm of Polish infantry and cavalry officers. Successively, other units were to be equipped, and by 1942 all other handguns were scheduled to be withdrawn from service. By mid-1938, it was introduced to the armoured and air forces. Before the invasion of Poland , approximately 49,400 (out of 90,000 ordered) were delivered to the army. In addition to

2640-536: The food stored in warehouses in Radom and nearby settlements, and carried out requisitions in the city council. The occupiers established a special court in Radom, and two temporary prisoner-of-war camps for captured Polish soldiers, one in the pre-war military barracks and one in the Tadeusz Kościuszko Park. There were poor conditions in the camp in the barracks, and hunger and diseases were common. The local civilian population helped many POWs escape from

2700-530: The local arms factory, even though it was seized by the Germans. In 1942, the Germans discovered the activity, and then publicly hanged 50 Poles, including 26 employees of the arms factory, and a pregnant woman. Scouts from the Gray Ranks who worked at the local post office stole and destroyed anonymous letters to the Gestapo , thus possibly saving many lives. Two German doctors from a local hospital helped

2760-593: The pistol was valued by the Germans, who continued its production and eventually issued it to German paratroopers . The Vis is highly prized among collectors of firearms and considered by some to be one of the best firearms of the period, combining some of the features present in the Colt M1911 , the Browning Hi-Power , and the Ruby .45 ACP . The pistol bears many internal and external similarities to

2820-522: The remaining schools was prohibited. In March and May 1940, the Germans carried out massacres of 210 Poles, including teenagers, from Radom and nearby settlements in the city's Firlej district. Around 100 Poles from Radom were murdered by the Russians in the large Katyn massacre in April–May 1940. In July, August and November 1940, the Germans carried out deportations of Poles from the local prison to

2880-660: The residence of Prince Kazimierz , the son of King Jagiellon, who ruled the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . The young prince died of tuberculosis , and later became patron saint of both the city of Radom (since 1983), and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Radom (since 1992). During the reign of Alexander Jagiellon , the Nihil novi act was adopted by the Polish Sejm in a meeting at Radom Castle. Furthermore, at

2940-440: The same meeting, the first codification of law published in the Kingdom of Poland was accepted. Radom was a royal city , county seat and castellany , administratively located in the Sandomierz Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province . It remained one of the most important urban centers of the Sandomierz Voivodeship, and was also the seat of the Treasure Tribunal in 1613–1764, which controlled taxation. Several kings visited

3000-482: The third partition of Poland, Radom County became part of Radom Department of the Duchy of Warsaw . In 1816, Sandomierz Voivodeship was recreated, with its seat in Radom. In 1837, Radom County became part of Radom Governorate of Russian-controlled Congress Poland . In the Second Polish Republic , Radom County was part of Kielce Voivodeship (1919–39) . Radom Radom is a city in east-central Poland , located approximately 100 kilometres (62 miles) south of

3060-405: The world in the field of automatic weapons. The pistol operates on the short-recoil principle, with the barrel being cammed down and away from the locking lugs in the slide. Unlike the M1911, the Vis was not cammed by a link, but by a ledge of sorts, which contacts a portion of the barrel and forces it down as it is moved rearward with the slide by the recoil force. It shares some similarities to

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3120-402: The wz.35 for the export market. The Vis pistol is a single-action, hammer-fired, locked-breech design. The control on the slide is a decocking mechanism that releases the hammer while camming the firing pin up into the slide. There is a grip safety blocking the sear unless fully compressed, but the control in the same position as a thumb safety on a Browning Hi-Power or M1911-style pistol is not

3180-517: Was 9 hectares , and the length of the defensive wall was 1,100 meters. Radom had three gates, named after main merchant roads: Iłża Gate , Piotrków Trybunalski Gate , and Lublin Gate . The defensive wall was further protected by 25 fortified towers . New Town had the Church of John the Baptist , and the Royal Castle was built between the church and the moat. In 1364, Radom's obsolete Środa Śląska rights were replaced with more modern Magdeburg rights , and residents gained several privileges as

3240-442: Was granted a Środa Śląska town charter by Prince Bolesław V the Chaste , although no documents exist to confirm the exact date of this event. The town prospered in the 14th century, when in 1350 King Kazimierz Wielki established the so-called New Town , with a royal castle, a defensive wall , and a town hall. There was also a market square and a grid plan of the streets, patterned after Gothic German towns. The area of New Town

3300-405: Was inspired by the Colt 1911 pistol designed by American John Moses Browning . Production of the Vis began in 1935 at the Fabryka Broni factory in Radom , Poland, and was adopted as the standard handgun of the Polish Army the following year. After the invasion of Poland in 1939 that marked the start of World War II , occupying German forces took over the country's munitions and industry;

3360-417: Was moved to the Steyr works in Austria, where the last simplified model of the fourth series was produced (with no inscriptions at all, apart from bnz signature). The Vis remained in production until April 1945. Generally, the wartime Vis were of much lower quality than the original Polish versions, and further declined towards the end of the war. After the war, production of the pistol was not continued, as

3420-438: Was much larger than contemporary county: its total area was 5782 sq. kilometers, with such towns, as Ilza , Skaryszew , Szydlowiec , Wierzbnik , Skrzynno , Sieciechow , Solec nad Wisla and Kozienice . Eastern and northern boundaries of Radom County also marked borders of Lesser Poland, in the west, it bordered Opoczno County of Sandomierz Voivodeship, and in the south, Sandomierz County of Sandomierz Voivodeship. After

3480-407: Was started in Warsaw and Kielce-based Huta Ludwików , and several hundred Vis pistols were assembled using parts smuggled from the factory, delivered to the Home Army, and used extensively during the Warsaw Uprising , among other battles. Vis pistols made by the Germans after 1939 were issued in four different series, each with small modifications to simplify production. In late 1944, all production

3540-411: Was the capital of the Sandomierz Voivodeship, whose capital, despite the name, was at Radom. In 1837–1844 it was the capital of the Sandomierz Governorate , and from 1844 until the outbreak of World War I , the capital of the Radom Governorate . The Polish 5th Line Infantry Regiment, which later fought against Russia in the November Uprising , was stationed in Radom. The city was an important center of

3600-441: Was the seat of a castellany . In the first half of the 14th century, the castellanies were changed into counties, and newly created Radom County became part of Lesser Polands ’ Sandomierz Voivodeship . In 1476, there were seven counties in this voivodeship: Sandomierz , Wislica , Checiny , Opoczno , Stezyca and Radom. Boundaries of Radom County remained unchanged for centuries, until the Partitions of Poland . At that time, it

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