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38-605: In 1788, typographer Martin Hochmeister laid the foundation of a building dedicated to performances, as in one year he redesigned the function of the Thick Tower, which was part of the city's medieval fortification walls. From this point on, the German-language cultural life of the town of Hermannstadt started growing, as city dwellers saw a varied repertory, inspired from both classical and contemporary works. Thus,

76-423: A brief return home, he left for Western Europe again, visiting Italy , Spain , and southern France . A year later, Alecsandri attended a party celebrating the name day of Costache Negri, a family friend. He there fell in love with Negri's sister. The 21-year-old and not long divorced Elena Negri responded enthusiastically to the 24-year-old youngster's love declarations. Alecsandri began writing love poems until

114-780: A broad repertory varying from Greek tragedies to innovative 21st century experiments, TNRS collaborates with notable directors from Romania and abroad, such as: Silviu Purcărete, Andrei Serban , Andriy Zholdak , Kushida Kazuyoshi, Armin Petras, Mihai Măniuțiu , Tompa Gábor, Alexandru Dabija , Yury Kordonsky, Radu Afrim, Alexander Riemenschneider, Radu Alexandru Nica, Robert Raponja, Masahiro Yasuda, Gigi Căciuleanu, Dragoș Galgoțiu, Zoltán Balázs. 45°47′28″N 24°08′58″E  /  45.7912°N 24.1494°E  / 45.7912; 24.1494 Vasile Alecsandri Vasile Alecsandri ( Romanian pronunciation: [vaˈsile aleksanˈdri] ; 21 July 1821 – 22 August 1890)

152-543: A director. As an iconic member of the Sibiu Literary Circle, Radu Stanca is credited with having ensured the revival of the newly named State Theatre, whose title changed after the death of the great artist, as a sign of homage to his tireless involvement in the city's cultural life. More than two hundred years after it was established, the “Radu Stanca” National Theatre in Sibiu (TNRS) is a constant presence in

190-583: A flower bridge built over the audience, and with Caesar's death performed in slow motion created an enormous scandal. After that, it became very hard for him to find a job in Romania. He made his debut with two pieces, on November 16, 1968 with The Good Person of Szechwan by Bertolt Brecht and at the following evening with the comedy She stoops to conquer by Oliver Goldsmith at The Theater of Youth in Piatra Neamț . In 1969, Șerban emigrated to

228-953: A large estate in Mircești , a village near Siret River . The young Vasile spent time there studying with a devout monk from Maramureș , Gherman Vida, and playing with Vasile Porojan, a Gypsy boy who became a dear friend. Both characters would later appear in his work. Between 1828 and 1834, he studied at the Victor Cuenim "pensionnat", an elite boarding school for boys in Iași . He moved to Paris in 1834, where he dabbled in chemistry , medicine , and law , but soon abandoned all in favor of what he called his "lifelong passion", literature . He penned his first literary essays in 1838 in French , which he had mastered to perfection during his stay in Paris. After

266-693: A manifesto of the revolutionary movement in Moldavia, "Dorințele partidei naționale din Moldova" ( Wishes of the National Party of Moldavia ). However, as revolution failed, he fled Moldavia through Transylvania and Austria, moving on to Paris, where he continued to write political poems. After two years, he returned to a triumphant staging of his new comedy, "Chirița în Iași". He toured the Moldavian countryside, collecting, reworking, and arranging

304-711: A multifunctional body, whose main objective is to strategically employ cultural resources as a premise for the full development of the local, regional, and national community, TNRS, alongside the Sibiu International Theatre Festival, the Sibiu Performing Arts Market, the Volunteer Programme, the Department of Drama and Theatre Studies (drama, theatre studies – cultural management, choreography) within

342-496: A new romantic interest, in spite of promises made to Elena Negri on her deathbed. At age 35, the now renowned poet and public figure fell in love with the young Paulina Lucasievici, the daughter of an innkeeper. The romance moved at a lightning pace: they moved in together to Alecsandri's estate at Mircești and, in 1857, their daughter Maria was born. Alecsandri found satisfaction in the advancement of those political causes he had long championed. The two Romanian provinces united and he

380-474: A poem, "Steluța" ( Little Star ). Later, he dedicated his "Lăcrimioare" ( Little Tears ) collection of poems to her. In 1848, he became one of the leaders of the revolutionary movement based in Iași . He wrote a widely read poem urging the public to join the cause, "Către Români" ( To Romanians ), later renamed "Deșteptarea României" ( Romania's Awakening ). Together with Mihail Kogălniceanu and Costache Negri, he wrote

418-499: A sudden illness forced Elena to head abroad to Venice . He met her there, where they shared two torrid months. They cruised to Austria , Germany , and to Alecsandri's former romping grounds, France. Elena's chest illness aggravated in Paris, and after a brief stint in Italy, they both boarded a French ship to return home 25 April 1847. Tragedy struck on the ship, when Elena died in her lover's arms. Alecsandri channeled his mourning into

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456-580: A teacher of Romanian language and literature. As a child, he was presenting puppet shows at home and staging mock battles with his friends in Bucharest's Grădina Icoanei . From 1961 to 1968, he studied at the Institute of Theatre and Film Arts (IATC). As a student, he directed Julius Caesar , which he now calls his "most daring production ever". Set in the Japanese Kabuki style, with

494-514: A vast array of Romanian folklore, which he published in two installments, in 1852 and 1853. The poems included in these two enormously popular collections became the cornerstone of the emerging Romanian identity, especially the ballads " Miorița ", "Toma Alimoș", "Mânăstirea Argeșului", and "Novac și Corbul." His volume of original poetry, "Doine și Lăcrămioare", further cemented his reputation. Broadly revered in Romanian cultural circles, he oversaw

532-632: Is a Romanian - American theater director . A major name in twentieth-century theater, he is renowned for his innovative and iconoclastic interpretations and stagings. In 1992 he became Professor of Theater at the Columbia University School of the Arts , a position he resigned from in 2019, citing oppressive pressure in the name of " political correctness " on a level which reminded him of communist Romania . Born in Bucharest , he

570-684: Is a constant presence in the national and international cultural life. Nowadays, the theatre has a team of permanent artists who contribute to the staging of 120 shows, in both Romanian and German. From 2001, TNRS has been on 520 national and international tours and has been invited to festivals all around the world, in Edinburgh, Avignon, New York, Brussels, Rome, Tokyo, Seoul, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Naples, Paris, Liverpool, London, Budapest, Bogota, Tampere, Poznań , Warsaw, Barcelona, Lisbon, Porto, Cairo, Yerevan, Tbilisi, Nitra, Athens, Thessaloniki, Belgrade, Varna, Lille, Tel Aviv, Omsk, and Chisinau. With

608-661: Is the Digital Stage, an integrated video-on-demand platform, which comprises recorded performances or films inspired from the shows performed on the stage of the National Theatre in Sibiu or as part of the Sibiu International Theatre Festival. TNRS is the first Romanian theatre to hold such a platform. https://www.tnrs.ro/en-tours More than two hundred years after it was established, the “Radu Stanca” National Theatre in Sibiu (TNRS), managed by Constantin Chiriac,

646-545: Is the son of George and Elpis Șerban. His father came from an old family of Țara Chioarului in Maramureș , studied law at Leipzig , directed a bank and was close friends with Iuliu Maniu , who attended Serban's baptism. After the onset of the communist regime , George was fired and obliged to work as a photographer. His mother came from a family of Greek merchants settled in Tulcea , originally from Cephalonia . She worked as

684-768: The American Repertory Theatre in Cambridge, Massachusetts . At the A.R.T., he has directed Lysistrata , The Merchant of Venice , The Taming of the Shrew , The King Stag , Sganarelle , Three Sisters , The Juniper Tree , The Miser , Twelfth Night , Sweet Table at the Richelieu , and Pericles . As a director, Șerban has also worked at the Circle in the Square Theatre ,

722-787: The Boston Theater Critics Association the Elliot Norton Award for Sustained Excellence. The same year, he received from the Society of Stage Directors & Choreographers the prestigious George Abbott Award , honoring artists who have made a major impact on theatre in the twentieth-century. Also in 1999, the Romanian National Foundation for Arts and Sciences , together with the Romanian Academy , awarded him

760-791: The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts . The production, starring Irene Worth as Ranevskaya and Meryl Streep as Dunyasha, was nominated for a Tony Award . More recently, Șerban has directed Sarah Kane 's Cleansed in Romania; Lucia di Lammermoor at the Opéra Bastille in Paris; and a popular production of Hamlet , starring Liev Schreiber in the title role, at the Public Theater in New York. For more than two decades, Șerban has been associated with

798-807: The Oscar Hammerstein II Center for Theater Studies, and the M.F.A. Acting program. He has also taught at Yale University , Harvard University , Carnegie Mellon University , Sarah Lawrence College , University of California, San Diego , the Paris Conservatoire d'Art Dramatique and the American Repertory Theater 's Institute for Advanced Theater Training . In 2006, he published his autobiography, written in Romanian. In late 2019, Andrei Șerban resigned from his position at Columbia University, citing pressure on staff to accept teachers and students lacking

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836-1095: The Yale Repertory Theater , the American Conservatory Theater , the Metropolitan Opera , the New York City, Seattle and Los Angeles Operas, at the Paris, Geneva, Vienna, and Bologna Opera Houses, the Welsh National Opera , Covent Garden , Théâtre de la Ville , the Comédie Française , Helsinki's Lilla Teatern, and with the Shiki Theatre Company in Tokyo . From 1990 to 1993, he headed the National Theatre Bucharest . While at Columbia, he has directed

874-792: The King ), which became the national anthem of the Kingdom of Romania from 1884 until the abolition of the monarchy in 1947. Alecsandri was also a member of the Macedo-Romanian Cultural Society . Long suffering from cancer , Alecsandri died in 1890 at his estate in Mircești. Alecsandri had an important political career. He was one of the supporters of slave emancipation. He was allegedly antisemitic , although, according to some Romanian historians (including Neagu Djuvara ), he had distant Jewish roots. The appearance of

912-680: The United States, with the help of Ellen Stewart , and a grant from the Ford Foundation . In 1970, he went to Paris to study at Peter Brook 's International Centre for Theatre Research . In 1971, he staged Medea at La MaMa, E.T.C. , the experimental theater club in New York City . Three years later, he directed Fragments of a Greek Trilogy ( Medea , The Trojan Women , and Electra ), also at La MaMa. In 1977, he directed Anton Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard at

950-453: The audience in Sibiu. Despite a fire in 1826, the theatre in Sibiu resumed its activity soon enough, thanks to the involvement of its founder, Martin Hochmeister. However, in 1949, another fire caused such great damage that the local administration had to move the theatre to its current location, which up to that point had functioned as a cinema. Still, this event marked a rebirth of the theatre stage in Sibiu, where Radu Stanca himself came as

988-475: The establishment of " România Literară ", to which writers from both Moldavia and Wallachia contributed. He was one of the most vocal unionists, supporting the union the two Romanian provinces, Moldavia and Wallachia. In 1856, he published in Mihail Kogălniceanu's newspaper, Steaua Dunării, the poem " Hora Unirii ", which became the anthem of the unification movement. The end of 1855 saw Alecsandri pursuing

1026-535: The first show in Romanian in Hermannstadt. Most likely, during this representation based on a play by Vasile Alecsandri , none other than young Mihai Eminescu hid behind the curtain in his capacity as prompter at the time. This show enjoyed such a great success that it paved the way for other Romanian theatre groups, such as the Tardini-Vlădicești Group or the one led by Matei Millo , to perform for

1064-488: The literary stereotype of the "Polish Jew," or Ostjude, in Romanian literature was largely due to Vasile Alecsandri, the most important and most popular writer of the time. The Jew was depicted with sidecurls, and caftan, he used characteristic jargon and was portrayed as having "typical" personality traits — he was an unscrupulous cheat, a profit–hungry usurer, an exploiter and "poisoner" of the peasant. Attribution: Andrei Serban Andrei Șerban (born June 21, 1943)

1102-550: The most iconic names in Romanian and international theatre and film. Similarly, Fabrica de Cultură (Factory of Culture) was set up, a former industrial space turned into a complex of venues for conventional and experimental theatre and dance performances, as well as video projections, which also hosts some of the heritage performances of the National Theatre in Sibiu: “Faust”, “Metamorphoses”, and “The Scarlet Princess”, all of them directed by Silviu Purcărete. The most recent TNRS project

1140-605: The national and international cultural life. Therefore, the Sibiu International Theatre Festival , set up in 1993, has become the most important performing arts event in Central and Eastern Europe, nowadays rivalling the festivals in Avignon and Edinburgh. Similarly, TNRS has played a decisive role in the granting of the title European Capital of Culture to the city of Sibiu in 2007. Devised as

1178-477: The required academic standards in the name of political correctness. In an interview with a Romanian TV station, he compared the intransigent leftist atmosphere dominating the American academia to the oppressive one in communist Romania, where artists were told by party functionaries how to think and how to create. Andrei Șerban is the recipient of the 1974-75 Obie Award for Trilogy . In 1999, he received from

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1216-555: The volume "Legende", and he dedicated a series of poems to the soldiers who participated in the Romanian War of Independence . He also wrote the lyrics of Ștefan Nosievici 's march " Drum bun ". In 1879, his "Despot-Vodă" drama received the award of the Romanian Academy . He continued to be a prolific writer, finishing a fantastic comedy, "Sânziana și Pepelea," (1881) and two dramas, "Fântâna Blanduziei" (1883) and "Ovidiu" (1884). In 1881, he wrote Trăiască Regele ( Long Live

1254-478: The works of great authors, such as Shakespeare and Molière, or of iconic representatives of German Romanticism found an enthusiastic receiver in the audience in Sibiu, whose strong interest in drama would ensure the continuity of the first theatre in Romania. This tradition of theatre in Sibiu, which up to that point unfolded in German only, was completed by a new dimension in 1868, when Mihai Pascaly's group performed

1292-640: The “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, and the International Platform of Doctoral Research in the Fields of Performing Arts and Cultural Management, has created an important platform dedicated to creativity, dialogue, and the mobility of performing arts professionals all over the world. At the same time, together with these structures, TNRS has developed the Sibiu Walk of Fame, a section of the Sibiu International Theatre Festival that celebrates

1330-553: Was a Romanian patriot, poet, dramatist, politician and diplomat. He was one of the key figures during the 1848 revolutions in Moldavia and Wallachia . He fought for the unification of the Romanian Principalities , writing " Hora Unirii " in 1856 and giving up his candidacy for the title of prince of Moldavia , in favor of Alexandru Ioan Cuza . He became the first minister of foreign affairs of Romania and

1368-690: Was appointed minister of External Affairs by Alexandru Ioan Cuza . He toured the West, pleading to some of his friends and acquaintances in Paris to acknowledge the newly formed nation and support its emergence in the turbulent Balkan area. The diplomatic tours tired him. In 1860, he settled in Mircești for what would be the rest of his life. He married Paulina more than a decade and a half later, in 1876. Between 1862 and 1875, Alecsandri wrote 40 lyrical poems, including "Miezul Iernii, "Serile la Mircești, "Iarna," "La Gura Sobei", "Oaspeții Primăverii", and "Malul Siretului." He also dabbled in epic poems, collected in

1406-531: Was born in the Moldavian town of Bacău and he was of Greek origin. His parents were Vasile Alecsandri, a middle-ranking nobleman , from the noble Greek family of Alecsandri, and Elena Cozoni, a Romanianized Greek woman. They had seven children, of which three survived: one daughter, Catinca, and two sons, Iancu — a future army colonel – and Vasile. The family prospered in the lucrative business of salt and cereals trade . In 1828, they purchased

1444-408: Was one of the founding members of the Romanian Academy . Alecsandri was a prolific writer, contributing to Romanian literature with poetry, prose, several plays, and collections of Romanian folklore, being considered, alongside Mihai Eminescu , which admired and was inspired by the writings of Alecsandri, as one of the most important Romanian writers in the second half of the 19th century. Alecsandri

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