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29-520: Raffles City Chongqing features a 300-metre-long horizontal skybridge called the "Crystal" that connects the top of four of the skycrapers. The skybridge is the second highest in the world after the Kingdom Centre in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia. The entire project comprises eight towers with a total of 817,000 square metres of floor space. It was designed by Israeli-Canadian architect Moshe Safdie . It

58-446: A BTS station and utilize space underneath the rail line and BTS pillar supports. These skywalks have connector ramps which connect stations to malls seamlessly and are paid for by the malls themselves, otherwise the city and BTS fund walkway development. A 50km long extension project was shelved in 2011 due to funding issues, nevertheless the system is growing organically. In Hong Kong , there are numerous foot bridge networks across

87-515: A shopping mall . Non-commercial areas with closely associated buildings, such as university campuses, can often have skyways and/or tunnels connecting buildings. The world's largest discontinuous skyway network – Calgary, Alberta, Canada's " +15 Walkway " system – has a total length of 16 km (9.9 mi). The Minneapolis Skyway System is the world's largest continuous system and spans 9.5 miles (15.3 km) connecting 80 blocks in downtown Minneapolis , Minnesota , United States . On

116-650: A gallery, gardens with trees, and a viewing site. The project was designed by architect Moshe Safdie , who also designed Singapore's similar-looking Marina Bay Sands . It was inspired by Chinese sailing vessels and is a tribute to Chongqing historical past as a maritime trading centre. Raffles City Chongqing won the China Tall Building Innovation Award. 29°33′56″N 106°35′16″E  /  29.5656571°N 106.5877388°E  / 29.5656571; 106.5877388 Skyway A skyway , skybridge , skywalk , or sky walkway

145-409: A hotel, a 235,000m² shopping mall, and landscaped grounds. The buildings are reinforced concrete with concrete-encased steel columns and steel floor spanning. The height to tip is 354.5 metres with 79 above-ground floors and 3 below. The Crystal is an enclosed 300-metre-long horizontal skyway that sits atop four of the buildings. It is 32.5m wide and 26.5m high. The Crystal will set a record for being

174-413: A smaller scale, terminals of large airports are often connected by skywalk systems, as at Manchester Airport , United Kingdom; in many airports, retractable jet bridges provide a direct connection between airplanes and terminals. Some cities have the equivalent of a skyway underground, and there are also mixed subway–skyway systems; see underground city . Besides pedestrian safety and convenience,

203-470: Is a 1.3 km (0.8 mi) long skywalk connecting the suburban regions of Bandra and Kurla . Brussels , Belgium has a skyway between the two Belgacom Towers . London has skywalks on the Barbican Estate and London Wall . The City of London Pedway Scheme was devised as part of the post World War II reconstruction plans for London, it was put into effect mainly from the mid-1950s to

232-807: Is an elevated type of pedway connecting two or more buildings in an urban area , or connecting elevated points within mountainous recreational zones. Urban skyways very often take the form of enclosed or covered footbridges that protect pedestrians from the weather. Open-top modern skyways in mountains now often have glass bottoms. Sometimes enclosed urban skywalks are made almost totally from glass, including ceilings, walls and floors. Also, some urban skyways function strictly as linear parks designed for walking. In North America skyways are usually owned by businesses, and are therefore not public spaces (compare with sidewalk ). However, in Asia, such as Bangkok's and Hong Kong's skywalks, they are built and owned separately by

261-474: Is an interlinked collection of enclosed pedestrian footbridges that connect various buildings in 80 full city blocks over 9.5 miles (15.3 km) of Downtown Minneapolis , enabling people to walk in climate-controlled comfort year-round. The skyways are owned by individual buildings in Minneapolis, and as such they do not have uniform opening and closing times. The 9.5 miles of skyway are comparable to

290-635: Is one of the most expensive buildings built in China. It replaced the 32-story passenger terminal building and hotel built in 1996 and the Three Gorges Hotel that was demolished on August 30, 2012. Construction began around 2013. As of February 2019, the structures had been completed and the interior was being finished. Raffles City Chongqing consists of eight skyscrapers situated on a site covering 9.2 hectares, in Yuzhong District , at

319-671: Is the Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge , which sits between mountain peaks in China. The highest cantilevered skybridge as construction element of building exist atop of Kingdom Centre in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia . The world's highest 2-story skybridge, 170 m above the ground and 58 m long, between the two towers on 41st and 42nd floors in Petronas Twin Towers dual skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia, which also has an elevated, air-conditioned walkway from

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348-561: Is the longest outdoor covered escalator system in the world according to Guinness World Records . Other large systems exist in Tsuen Wan and Mong Kok . The Mumbai Skywalk Project , India is a discontinuous network of over 50 km of skywalks in Mumbai Metropolitan Region , India. The skyways connect Mumbai Suburban Railway stations to important junctions, each 1 to 2 km in length. The first of these

377-548: The Highlight Towers in Munich, Germany are joined by two skyways made of glass and steel. The Promenade Plantée in the 12th arrondissement of Paris , France includes pedestrian bridges and a linear park on an aqueduct of a former railway. Minneapolis Skyway System 44°58′35″N 93°16′15″W  /  44.97639°N 93.27083°W  / 44.97639; -93.27083 The Minneapolis Skyway System

406-577: The Houston tunnel system , the systems in Canadian cities such as Toronto's PATH , Montreal's Underground City , Calgary 's 11-mile Plus 15 system and the 8-mile Edmonton Pedway system. The Minneapolis skyways connect the second or third floors of various office towers, hotels, banks, corporate and government offices, restaurants, and retail stores to the Nicollet Mall shopping district,

435-626: The IDS Center in 1972 helped to unify the system. The building featured skyways in all four directions as well as a spacious atrium area called the Crystal Court, allowing it to act as a central hub for the entire system. In 1976, the Downtown Council produced the first formal maps and signage for the system. The 1987 album Pleased to Meet Me by The Replacements contained a song entitled Skyway. Inspired by Minneapolis,

464-599: The Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre to Bukit Bintang shopping district. Malaysia also has the mountainarian tourist pedestrian glass-bottom Langkawi Sky Bridge in Kedah , Langkawi . One of the most famous similar cantilevered skybridges, that looks like uppered ship from the bird's-eye and submarine from the ground, known in Singapore's Marina Bay Sands resort complex of skyscrapers. One of

493-480: The Mayo Clinic Square , and the sports facilities at Target Center , Target Field and U.S. Bank Stadium . Several condominium and apartment complexes are skyway-connected as well, allowing residents to live, work, and shop downtown without having to leave the skyway system. The city's first skyways were planned by real estate developer Leslie Park and his architect Edward Baker (Baker Associates) in

522-863: The US Midwest , such as Minneapolis , Saint Paul , Des Moines , Cedar Rapids , Rochester , and Duluth . Most networks in North America are privately owned. Notable exceptions are skyways in Saint Paul and in New York ( High Line ), which are publicly owned. map The highest cantilevered skybridge between separate buildings in the world is in the Raffles City Chongqing skyscrapers complex in Chongqing , China. The world's longest pedestrian hanging skywalk, at 430 meters,

551-549: The Northwestern Bank Building and the Roanoke Building. The skyway to the Northwestern Bank Building was built in 1962 and the skyway to the Roanoke Building followed the next year. The second skyway still remains in use today and is the system's oldest segment. The system grew to seven total segments by 1972, though many of the skyways remained disconnected from one another. The construction of

580-566: The bridges stopped the project being fully imagined and by the end of the year 2000 nearly all of bridges had been removed, though evidence of the scheme still exists in some places. Sheffield , South Yorkshire has a famous skyway between two blocks of flats in the Park Hill Estate housing block with the phrase "I Love You Will U Marry Me" graffitied onto it. It has since become the subject of songs by local singers and bands such as Arctic Monkeys and Yungblud . The twin towers of

609-448: The chief reasons assigned by urban planners for skywalk development are decrease of traffic congestion , reduction in vehicular air pollution and separation of people from vehicular noise . A number of cities (for example, Spokane, Washington) have given intricate analysis to skywalk systems employing computer models to optimize skywalk layout. There is debate about the negative impact on urban areas of skyways. Robertson (1988) noted

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638-472: The city government, connecting between privately run rail stations or other transport with their own footbridges, and run many kilometers. Skyways usually connect on the first few floors above the ground-level floor, though they are sometimes much higher, as in Petronas Towers . The space in the buildings connected by skyways is often devoted to retail business, so areas around the skyway may operate as

667-536: The city. Particularly large networks exists around elevated or at grade MTR stations and connections between malls and housing estates in new town centers. The largest network spans Admiralty , Central and parts of Sheung Wan districts in the CBD and consists of the Central Elevated and Central–Mid-Levels Walkway systems which link up over 40 major office buildings. The Central–Mid-Levels walkway system

696-471: The early 1960s and built by Crown Iron Works Company of Minneapolis. Sensing pressure from indoor shopping malls such as Southdale Center , Park wanted to create a similar environment in Downtown Minneapolis that would offer a climate-controlled space and a way for pedestrians to move from building to building. He built two skyways connecting the newly constructed Northstar Center building to

725-456: The highest in the world linking the highest number of towers. The exterior consists of approximately 3,000 glass panels and nearly 5,000 aluminum panels. The Crystal was constructed in nine parts. Four were constructed on the top of the towers and the three middle parts were prefabricated and raised from the ground and installed. Within the Crystal, there will be two swimming pools, restaurants,

754-440: The mid-1960s and eventually abandoned by the 1980s. Shad Thames has picturesque skyways between former warehouses, used in part to roll barrels between them. Liverpool conceived a project of building skyways around the city centre during the 1960s. The project saw bridges linking key buildings around the city centre, such as James Street railway station , Moorfields railway station and New Hall Place . Crime and low usage of

783-782: The most impressionable hanging pedestrian skybridges, supported by two giant hands, Golden Bridge now attracts tourists in Ba Na Hills near Da Nang , Vietnam. In Bangkok , Thailand there are more than 5.4 km of covered wide dedicated elevated skywalks with lighting. These were developed due to lack of proper sidewalks as well as street hawkers and local merchants taking advantage of any sidewalk space as makeshift commercial real estate . Common reasons skywalks were built include to avoid street pollution, dust, wetness from food vendors and/or rain, potholes, long queues, crowds, and uneven pavement, supporting urbanism but probably most importantly, tourism receipts. Most skywalks connect to

812-469: The negative impacts to street activities, and reductions to the property value at ground level. Woo (2012) found that skywalk systems could be negatively associated with promoting consumerism. Cui (2015) called for more research into the impact of skyways in developing countries. The Cincinnati Skywalk in Ohio was dismantled because of these concerns. There are significant skyway networks in many cities in

841-516: The tip of the peninsula where the Yangtze and Jialing Rivers meet. Atop four of the 250-metre-tall towers is an enclosed skyway, called the Crystal. Two 350-metre-tall towers connect to them, each via a cantilever bridge. Two other 250-metre-tall towers are adjacent to these six. The project will contain 1.12 million square metres of space, 817,000 square metres of which will be floor space and will include 150,000m² of offices and 1,400 residences,

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