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41-753: [REDACTED] Look up रागमाला in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Ragamala or Raga mala ("garland of raga") can refer to: Ragmala , composition of twelve verses in the Guru Granth Sahib Ragamala Dance Company , Minneapolis-based dance company that showcases the ancient Bharatanatyam dance form Ragamala paintings , series of illustrative paintings of ragas (modes in Indian music) Raga Mala (book) , autobiography by Ravi Shankar, published in 1997 Ragamalika ,

82-514: A Carnatic music form with different verses set in different ragas Raga Mala , sitar concerto by Ravi Shankar , first performed in 1981 and conducted by Zubin Mehta See also [ edit ] Raga (disambiguation) Mala (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ragamala . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

123-846: A bastard. The same social standard applies to religious organizations. If a religious group cannot prove its descent from one of the recognised traditions, it risks being dismissed as illegitimate. Nevertheless, there are also examples of teachers who were not initiated into a sampradaya, Ramana Maharshi being a well-known example. A sannyasin belonging to the Sringeri Sharada Peetham once tried to persuade Ramana to be initiated into sannyasa, but Ramana refused. Since ancient times, Indian philosophy has been categorized into āstika and nāstika schools of thought. Āstika and nāstika concept in Hindu , Buddhist and Jain scriptures define Astika as those sampradayas which believe in

164-655: A single staff) generally associated with the Advaita Vedanta tradition. They are distinct in their practices from the Saiva Tridaṇḍi sannyāsin s or " trident renunciates", who continue to wear the sacred thread after renunciation, while ēkadaṇḍi sannyāsin s do not. The Ekadandi Vedāntins aim for moksha as the existence of the self in its natural condition indicated by the destruction of all its specific qualities. Any Hindu, irrespective of class, caste, age or gender can seek sannyāsa as an Ekadandi monk under

205-513: A synthesis of various philosophies such as Samkhya, Yoga and Vedanta, as well as shared spiritual concepts such as moksha , dharma , karma , samsara , ethical precepts such as ahimsa , texts ( Upanishads , Puranas , Mahabharata , Agamas), ritual grammar and rites of passage. According to the Padma Purāṇa, one of the eighteen main Purāṇas, there are four Vaishnava sampradāyas , which preserve

246-484: A ‘Mode of Musical Melodies’ - "mala" means "garland", while "raga" means “musical composition or mode.” This work has inspired the series of Ragamala paintings . The list differs according to the author and the music school it is based upon. Variations on these lists can be found in the music text books of India. Bhagat Singh (1718), a contemporary of Bhai Mani Singh illustrates in Gurbilas Patshahi 6, that

287-516: Is a Punjabi language term, used in Sikhism, for sampradayas . Sampradayas are living traditions of both teaching and practice within a specific religious-spiritual tradition. They are generally composed of a monastic order within a specific guru lineage, with ideas developed and transmitted, redefined and reviewed by each successive generation of followers. A particular guru lineage is called parampara . By receiving diksha (initiation) into

328-402: Is a body of practice, views and attitudes, which are transmitted, redefined and reviewed by each successive generation of followers. Participation in sampradaya forces continuity with the past, or tradition , but at the same time provides a platform for change from within the community of practitioners of this particular traditional group. A particular guru lineage in guru-shishya tradition

369-580: Is an index of raga used in the Guru Granth Sahib. This argument can be challenged on the grounds that the contents do not fully match. Another argument of the traditional schools ( sampardai ) that the Ragmala belongs to the original copy (written in the same ink and the same pen as the other parts) of the Granth. Various Sikh Sampardas (traditional lineages of knowledge) allege that the Ragmala

410-462: Is called parampara , and may have its own akharas and gurukulas . By receiving diksha (initiation) into the parampara of a living guru, one belongs to its proper sampradaya . One cannot become a member by birth , as is the case with gotra , a seminal, or hereditary, dynasty . Membership in a sampradaya not only lends a level of authority to one's claims on truth in Hindu traditional context, but also allows one to make those claims in

451-543: Is not included in Raagmala but Gaura is. “The last pages of the Kartarpur Beerh do not suggest, either because of the presence of blank spaces, or scoring out, or obliteration hortal, or otherwise, that there was or could have been the least intention to write these hymns in the Granth. The Mudaavni is on page 973/1. Pages 973/2 and 974/1 are blank, and on page 974/2 is Raagmala. As such, there could never have been

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492-597: Is not just a rosary of the Raags of the Guru Granth Sahib, but has a deeper spiritual meaning. Article XI (a) of the Sikh Rehat Maryada (SRM): "The reading of the whole Guru Granth Sahib (intermittent or non-stop) may be concluded with the reading of Mundawani alone or the Rag Mala according to the convention traditionally observed at all the concerned places. ( Since there is a difference of opinion within

533-419: Is subdivided into a number of major sampradayas. Of the historical division into six darsanas (philosophies), two schools, Vedanta and Yoga , are currently the most prominent. Classified by primary deity or deities, four major Hinduism modern currents are Vaishnavism (Vishnu), Shaivism (Shiva), Shaktism (Shakti) and Smartism (five deities treated as same). These deity-centered denominations feature

574-619: The Guru-shishya parampara in which parampara or lineage of successive gurus (masters) and shishyas (disciples) serves as a spiritual channel and provides a reliable network of relationships that lends stability to a religious identity. Shramana is vedic term for seeker or shishya. Identification with and followership of sampradayas is not static, as sampradayas allows flexibility where one can leave one sampradaya and enter another or practice religious syncretism by simultaneously following more than one sampradaya . Samparda

615-616: The Mleccha (impure) who are considered without the purity of ethics and code of conduct called yamas and niyama . Sampradayas of Indian-origin religions have their own Darshana or philosophy, encompassing world views and teachings. Six Astika or orthodox sampradayas which believe in supremacy of veda are called shad-darśana (lit. six system), namely Sankhya , Yoga , Nyaya , Vaisheshika , Mimamsa and Vedanta . Astika or orthodox sampradayas or schools of Indian philosophy have been called ṣaḍdarśana ("six systems"). This scheme

656-582: The Nandinatha Sampradaya  : Maharishi Nandinath→ Tirumular →→→ unknown→Kadaitswami→ Chellappaswami→ Siva Yogaswami → Sivaya Subramuniyaswami → Bodhinatha Veylanswami Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta philosophy is known as the descendant from the teaching of Sanatkumara , one of the Kumaras .(Sanatkumara→Satyanjana Darshini→Paranjyoti rishi→Meykandar. Aghori and Nath are shavite. Nandinatha and Meykandar Sampradayas are associated with

697-542: The Shaiva Siddhanta while Adinath Sampradaya is associated with Nath Shaivism. Other popular Saivite sampradayas are Veerashaiva Samprdaya , Lingayat Sampradaya and Srouta Sampradaya Adi Sankara founded four Maṭhas (Sanskrit: मठ ) (monasteries) to preserve and develop his philosophies. One each in the north, south, east and west of the Indian subcontinent, each headed by one of his direct disciples. According to Nakamura, these mathas contributed to

738-403: The parampara of a living guru, one belongs to its proper sampradaya . To ensure continuity through dharma transmission , various sampradayas ensure continuity through Guru-shishya parampara where Guru teaches shishyas in gurukula , matha , akhara , and viharas . Buddhism also has lineage of gurus . Tibetan Buddhism has lineage of Lamas who teach in gompas and stupas . Sampradaya

779-751: The Dasanāmi tradition. The Ekadandis or Dasanāmis had established monasteries in India and Nepal in ancient times. After the decline of Buddhism, a section of the Ekadandis were organized by Adi Shankara in the 8th century in India to be associated with four maṭha s to provide a base for the growth of Hinduism. However, the association of the Dasanāmis with the Sankara maṭha s remained nominal. Professor Kiyokazu Okita and Indologist B. N. K. Sharma says, Sannyasis in

820-658: The Nyāya, naturalism of Vaiśeṣika, monism and knowledge of Self (Atman) as essential to liberation of Advaita, self-discipline of Yoga, asceticism and elements of theistic ideas. Some sub-schools share Tantric ideas with those found in some Buddhist traditions. Hindus subscribe to a diversity of ideas on spirituality and traditions, but have no ecclesiastical order, no unquestionable religious authorities, no governing body, no prophet(s) nor any binding holy book; Hindus can choose to be polytheistic , pantheistic , monotheistic , monistic , agnostic , atheistic or humanist . Hinduism

861-642: The Panth on this issue , nobody should dare to write or print a copy of Guru Granth Sahib excluding the Raag Mala)." Sampradaya Traditional Sampradaya ( Sanskrit : सम्प्रदाय ; IAST : Saṃpradāya ), in Indian origin religions , namely Hinduism , Buddhism , Jainism , and Sikhism , can be translated as 'tradition', 'spiritual lineage', 'sect', or 'religious system'. To ensure continuity and transmission of dharma , various sampradayas have

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902-517: The Ragas where distressed as artists were singing daughters with fathers, cousins together, mom and son together breaking the relations as well as not singing them on their right timing and approached Siri Guru Arjan with this problem who then added this composition. There are eight raga used in Guru Granth Sahib that have not been mentioned in the Ragmala. These are: Bihagara, Wadahans, Manjh, Jaitsri, Ramkali, Tukhari, Prabhati and Jaijawanti. Mali-Gaura

943-694: The authority of the Vedas are nāstika philosophies, of which four nāstika (heterodox) schools are prominent: Some are syncretic in nature which might adopt mixture of concepts from orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy such as realism of the Nyāya, naturalism of Vaiśeṣika, monism and knowledge of Self (Atman) as essential to liberation of Advaita, self-discipline of Yoga, asceticism and elements of theistic ideas. Some sub-schools share Tantric ideas with those found in some Buddhist traditions. The above sub-schools introduced their own ideas while adopting concepts from orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy such as realism of

984-637: The endonymous Indonesian name for "Indonesian Hinduism" can also refer to the traditional practices in Kalimantan , Sumatra , Sulawesi and other places in Indonesia, where people have started to identify and accept their agamas as Hinduism or Hindu worship has been revived. The revival of Hinduism in Indonesia has given rise to a national organisation, the Parisada Hindu Dharma . There are 2 Shakta Sampradayas, which revere Shakti -

1025-441: The existence of Atman (Self) and those who accept supremacy of vedas , Nastika being those who deny there is any "Self" in human beings or do not hold vedas as supreme. In modern context, Astika are also defined as theists and Nastika as atheist . In Indian origin religions, even atheism is considered acceptable, especially under the concept of Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava . The concept of acceptable or valid Dharma excludes

1066-552: The feminine manifestation of Ishvara . They are as follows: Smarta Sampradaya (स्मार्त), developed around the beginning of the Common Era , reflects a Hindu synthesis of four philosophical strands: Mimamsa , Advaita , Yoga , and theism . The Smarta tradition rejects theistic sectarianism, and it is notable for the domestic worship of five shrines with five deities, all treated as equal – Shiva , Vishnu , Surya , Ganesha , and Shakti . The Smarta tradition contrasted with

1107-474: The first place. An often quoted verse from the Padma Purana states: Mantras which are not received in sampradaya are considered fruitless. And another verse states: Unless one is initiated by a bona-fide spiritual master in the disciplic succession, the mantra he might have received is without any effect. As Wright and Wright put it, If one cannot prove natal legitimacy, one may be cast out as

1148-423: The five Hindu gods include a sixth impersonal god in their practice. The tradition has been described by William Jackson as "advaitin, monistic in its outlook". Shrauta communities are very rare in India, the most well known being the ultra-orthodox Nambudiri Brahmins of Kerala . They follow the "Purva-Mimamsa" (earlier portion of Vedas) in contrast to Vedanta followed by other Brahmins. They place importance on

1189-877: The fruitful mantras: All mantras which have been given (to disciples) not in an authorised Sampradāya are fruitless. Therefore, in Kali Yuga , there will be four bona-fide Sampradāyas. During the Kali Yuga these sampradāyas appear in the holy place of Jaganatha Puri , and purify the entire earth . Each of them were inaugurated by a deity, who appointed heads to these lineages: Other major Vaishnav sampradaya are: Saiddhantika Non - Saiddhantika There are three main Shaiva sampradayas known as "Kailasa Parampara" (Lineage from Kailash )- Nandinatha Sampradaya , Adinath Sampradaya and Meykanda Sampradaya . The Nandinatha Sampradaya traces its beginning to at least 200 BCE. Its founder and first known spiritual preceptor

1230-572: The heads of these four mathas takes the title of Shankaracharya ("the learned Shankara") after Adi Sankara. According to the tradition in Kerala, after Sankara's samadhi at Vadakkunnathan Temple, his disciples founded four mathas in Thrissur, namely Naduvil Madhom , Thekke Madhom, Idayil Madhom and Vadakke Madhom. Dashanami Sampradaya, "Tradition of Ten Names", is a Hindu monastic tradition of ēkadaṇḍi sannyasins (wandering renunciates carrying

1271-471: The historical links with Shaivism: Advaitins are non-sectarian, and they advocate worship of Shiva and Vishnu equally with that of the other deities of Hinduism, like Sakti, Ganapati and others. Shankara championed that the ultimate reality is impersonal and Nirguna (attributeless) and that any symbolic god serves the same equivalent purpose. Inspired by this belief, the Smarta tradition followers, along with

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1312-466: The influence of Shankara, which was "due to institutional factors". The mathas which he built exist until today, and preserve the teachings and influence of Shankara, "while the writings of other scholars before him came to be forgotten with the passage of time". The table below gives an overview of the four Amnaya Mathas founded by Adi Shankara, and their details. The current heads of the mathas trace their authority back to these figures, and each of

1353-498: The late 16th century, when a vast majority of the population converted to Islam . Only the Balinese people who formed a majority on the island of Bali , retained this form of Hinduism over the centuries. Theologically, Balinese or Indonesian Hinduism is closer to Shaivism than to other major sects of Hinduism. The adherents consider Acintya the supreme god, and all other gods as his manifestations. The term " Agama Hindu Dharma ",

1394-667: The lineage of Advaita of Adi Shankara and the Sannyasis in the lineage of Dvaita of Madhvacharya are all Ēkadaṇḍis. Kaumaram is a sect of Hindus, especially found in South India and Sri Lanka where Lord Muruga Karttikeya is the Supreme Godhead. Lord Muruga is considered superior to the Trimurti. The worshippers of Lord Muruga are called Kaumaras. Hinduism dominated the island of Java and Sumatra until

1435-409: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ragamala&oldid=1222676293 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Ragmala The title literally means a 'Garland of Raga ’, or

1476-466: The older Shrauta tradition, which was based on elaborate rituals and rites. There has been considerable overlap in the ideas and practices of the Smarta tradition with other significant historic movements within Hinduism, namely Shaivism , Vaishnavism , and Shaktism . Even though Smarta sampradaya regards Adi Shankara as its founder or reformer, advaita sampradaya is not a Shaiva sect, despite

1517-604: The performance of Vedic Sacrifice ( Yajna ). The Nambudiri Brahmins are famous for their preservation of the ancient Somayaagam , Agnicayana rituals which have vanished in other parts of India. The Suryaites or Sauras are followers of a Hindu denomination that started in Vedic tradition, and worship Surya as the main visible form of the Saguna Brahman . The Saura tradition was influential in South Asia, particularly in

1558-467: The possibility, nor could it ever have been contemplated that these three writings requiring a space of over four pages could have been accommodated on the two blank pages 973/2 and 974/1.” - Professor Sahib Singh According to Dr. S. S. Kapoor, the Sikh scholars differ in their opinion about its inclusion in the Granth. The traditional school thinks it to be a part of the Guru Granth Sahib and asserts that it

1599-426: The west, north and other regions, with numerous Surya idols and temples built between 800 and 1000 CE. The Konark Sun Temple was built in mid 13th century. During the iconoclasm of Islamic invasions and Hindu–Muslim wars, the temples dedicated to Sun-god were among those desecrated, images smashed and the resident priests of Saura tradition were killed, states André Wink. The Surya tradition of Hinduism declined in

1640-483: Was created between the 12th and 16th centuries by Vedantins . It was then adopted by the early Western Indologists , and pervades modern understandings of Indian philosophy. Each of six āstika (orthodox) schools of thought is called a darśana , and each darśana accepts the Vedas as authority. Each astika darsana also accepts the premise that Atman (soul, eternal self) exists. The āstika schools of philosophy are: Nastika or hetrodox sampradayas do not accept

1681-484: Was the Maharshi Nandinatha. Nandinatha is said to have initiated eight disciples (Sanatkumar, Sanakar, Sanadanar, Sananthanar, Shivayogamuni, Patanjali , Vyaghrapada , and Tirumular ) and sent them to various places to spread the teachings of non-dualistic Shaivism all over the world. Saiva Siddhanta Temple of Hawaii identifies itself as principle Matha or monestory of lineage . Spiritual lineage of

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