13-407: Silene flos-cuculi (syn. Lychnis flos-cuculi ), commonly called ragged-robin , is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Caryophyllaceae . It is native to Eurasia and has been introduced to North America. Silene flos-cuculi forms a rosette of low growing foliage with numerous stems 20 to 90 centimetres (8 to 35 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches) tall. The stems rise above the foliage and branch near
26-410: A basal grade of rather primitive members of this family, not closely related, but simply retaining many plesiomorphic traits. Instead of a subfamily, most ought to be treated as genera incertae sedis , but Corrigiola and Telephium might warrant recognition as Corrigioleae . The Alsinoideae, on the other hand, seem to form two distinct clades , perhaps less some misplaced genera. Finally,
39-539: A few species growing on tropical mountains. Some of the more commonly known members include pinks and carnations ( Dianthus ), and firepink and campions ( Silene ). Many species are grown as ornamental plants , and some species are widespread weeds . Most species grow in the Mediterranean and bordering regions of Europe and Asia . The number of genera and species in the Southern Hemisphere
52-761: Is rather small, although the family does contain Antarctic pearlwort ( Colobanthus quitensis ), the world's southernmost dicot, which is one of only two flowering plants found in Antarctica . The name comes from Caryophyllus , an obsolete synonym of Dianthus . Despite its size and the somewhat doubtful mutual relationships, this family is rather uniform and easily recognizable. Most are herbaceous annuals or perennials , dying off above ground each year. A few species are shrubs or small trees, such as some Acanthophyllum species. Most plants are non- succulent ; i.e. having no fleshy stems or leaves. The nodes on
65-485: The pink family or carnation family , is a family of flowering plants . It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system , alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae , Cactaceae , and Polygonaceae . It is a large family, with 81 genera and about 2,625 known species . This cosmopolitan family of mostly herbaceous plants is best represented in temperate climates, with
78-755: The Silenoideae appear monophyletic at least for the most part, if some of the taxa misplaced in Alsinoideae are moved there; it may be that the name Caryophylloideae would apply for the revised delimitation. However, hybridization between many members of this family is rampant—particularly in the Silenoideae/Caryophylloideae—and some of the lineages of descent have been found to be highly complicated and do not readily yield to cladistic analysis. 102 genera are accepted. Stipule Too Many Requests If you report this error to
91-434: The flower an untidy, ragged appearance, hence its common name. The calyx tube is five-toothed with ten stamens . The fruits consist of small (6–10 mm) capsules opening on top by five teeth and containing many small seeds; they are found on the plants from August onwards. The species is native to Europe and Asia, where it is found along roads and in wet meadows and pastures. It has also become naturalized in parts of
104-537: The northern United States and eastern Canada. Butterflies and long-tongued bees feed on the flowers' nectar. In addition to these pollinators, the flowers are visited by many types of insects, and can be characterized by a generalized pollination syndrome . In Britain it has declined in numbers because of modern farming techniques and draining of wet-lands and is no longer common. Popular garden cultivars include: Caryophyllaceae Many, see text Telephieae D.C. Caryophyllaceae , commonly called
117-446: The perianth. The superior gynoecium has two to five carpels (members of a compound pistil) and is syncarpous; i.e. with these carpels united in a compound ovary. This ovary has one chamber inside the ovary. The fruit may be a utricle with a single seed or a capsule containing several seeds. Currently, Amaranthaceae and Caryophyllaceae are sister groups and considered closely related. Formerly, Caryophyllaceae were considered
130-404: The sister family to all of the remaining members of the suborder Caryophyllineae because they have anthocyanins , and not betalain pigments. However, cladistic analyses indicate Caryophyllaceae evolved from ancestors that contained betalain, reinforcing betalain as an accurate synapomorphy of the suborder. This family is traditionally divided in three subfamilies: The last, however, are
143-406: The stem are swollen. The leaves are almost always opposite, rarely whorled . The blades are entire, petiolate, and often stipulate. These stipules are not sheath-forming. The bisexual flowers are terminal, blooming singly or branched or forked in cymes . The inflorescence is usually dichasial at least in the lower parts, which means that in the axil of each peduncle (primary flower stalk) of
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#1732779736987156-824: The terminal flower in the cyme, two new single-flower branches sprout up on each side of and below the first flower. If the terminal flowers are absent, then this can lead to monochasia , i.e. a monoparous cyme with a single flower on each axis of the inflorescence . In the extreme, this leads to a single flower, such as in Githago or Arenaria . The flowers are regular and mostly with five petals and five sepals , but sometimes with four petals. The sepals may be free from one another or united. The petals may be entire, fringed or deeply cleft. The calyx may be cylindrically inflated, as in Silene . The stamens number five or 10 (or more rarely four or eight), and are mostly isomerous with
169-454: The top of the stem. The leaves are paired, with the lower leaves spoon-shaped and stalked. The middle and upper leaves are linear-lanceolate with pointed apexes. All of the leaves are untoothed. The stems have barbed hairs pointing downward and these hairs make the plant rough to the touch. Blooming from May to August (and occasionally later), the pink flowers are 3–4 cm wide. They have five narrow petals deeply divided into four lobes giving
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