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37-621: Raigad , seen in the Raigad district of Maharashtra , India, is a hill fort located in the city of Mahad . It is one of the strongest fortress on the Deccan Plateau and was historically referred to as Rairee or Rairy fort. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj , the Maratha ruler , along with his chief engineer Hiroji Indulkar , did the construction and development of various buildings and structures, including Raigad. In 1674, after being crowned

74-547: A literacy rate of 83.14%. 36.83% of the population lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 5.12% and 11.58% of the population respectively. Languages in Raigad district (2011) At the time of the 2011 Census of India , 79.04% of the population in the district spoke Marathi , 7.06% Hindi , 5.85% Urdu and 0.90% Gujarati as their first language. 1.01% of the population recorded their language as 'Others' under Marathi. The most populous tribes are

111-495: A memorial for it. This act was strongly opposed by local Dhangar community for they believe that the dog was real. In fact many people say that Waghya was Shivaji's dog and the reason for why the memorial was constructed over there. In January 2017, four Sambhaji Brigade followers pulled down a bust of celebrated Marathi playwright Ram Ganesh Gadkari which was located in Sambhaji Park in central Pune and threw it in

148-500: A related organisation and co-founder of Shiva Dharma. Khedekar has written several books including Bhatta Cha Kardhankal and Maharaj Mala Maaf Kara (Translates as "Your Majesty, I ask for your forgiveness"). Pune Police issued an arrest warrant against Khedekar for inciting anti-Brahmin feelings. In 2015 he submitted an affidavit in the court and apologised unconditionally for his remarks on Brahmin women. The Maratha Seva Sangh, founded by Khedekar, has been demanding reservations for

185-461: A statewide protest by Political parties such as BJP , Shiv Sena and MNS . Following to this Government of Maharashtra (which included NCP) removed name of Dadoji Konddev from school history books stating that Government's committee of historians found no evidence that Dadoji Konddev was teacher of Shivaji. The move was heavily criticized by historians and scholars. Some members of the government-appointed committee also resigned in protest citing that

222-537: A strong high wall, and bastions thereto. All the other parte of the mountaine is a direct precipice, so that it is impregnable except the treachery of some in it betrayes it. On the Mountain are many strong buildings, as the Raja's Court,and houses for other Ministers of State, to the number of about 300, It is in length about 21 miles and breadth * a mile, but no pleasant trees nor any sort of grains grows thereon. Our house

259-453: Is a district in the Konkan division of Maharashtra, India . The headquarters of the district is Alibag . Other major cities in the district are Panvel , Karjat , Navi Mumbai , Khopoli , Shrivardhan and Mahad . The district was renamed to Raigad after the fort that was the first capital of the former Maratha Empire , which in turn was renamed from its earlier name - Rairi. The fort

296-620: Is bounded by Mumbai Harbour to the northwest, Thane district to the north, Pune district to the east, Ratnagiri district to the south and the Arabian Sea to the west. It includes the large natural harbour of Pen-Mandwa, which is immediately south of Mumbai harbour , and forming a single landform with it. The northern part of the district is included in the planned metropolis of Navi Mumbai , consisting of Kharghar , Ulve node , New Panvel and Khanda Colony , Taloja , Kamothe and Kalamboli nodes as well as Uran City and its port,

333-469: Is known for aggressive and violent agitations. Their first violent protest was an attack on Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute . Several historical records were destroyed in this attack including handwritten copies by Adya Shankaracharya. This was followed by uprooting of Dadoji Kondev 's Statue from Lal Mahal , then by attacks on Waghya dog's statue on Raigad fort and then by attacks on R. R. Patil . A group of brigade members attacked and vandalised

370-639: Is located in the interior regions of the district, in dense forests on a west-facing spur of the Western Ghats of Sahyadri Range. In 2011 the district had a population of 2,634,200, compared to 2,207,929 in 2001. The name was changed in the regime of Chief Minister A. R. Antulay on 1 January 1981. In 2011 urban dwellers had increased to 36.91% from 24.22% in 2001. Alibag is the headquarters of Raigad district. Raigad district's neighbouring districts are Mumbai, Thane districts on North, Pune district on East, Satara district on South East, Ratnagiri district

407-506: Is present on South side and Arabian sea on West. Kulaba (also spelled Kolaba) district was split from Thane district in 1869. At this point, the northernmost parts of present-day Raigad district were retained in Thane district . Panvel, just across the bay from Mumbai , was not included in Kolaba district until 1883, and Karjat , an area in the north-east corner of modern Raigad district,

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444-511: Is the most important railway station in the district; it is connected to Mumbai (by both the Harbour Line and Main Line of Central Railway), Thane (by Trans-Harbour Line), Roha, Vasai (Western Railway) and Karjat. All trains, ranging from passengers to Rajdhanis stop here, and it is considered the gateway for travelling south. There is a narrow gauge railroad from Neral to Matheran , called

481-542: The 2011 census Raigad district has a population of 2,634,200, roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada . This gives it a ranking of 153rd in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 368 inhabitants per square kilometre (950/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.31%. Raigad has a sex ratio of 959 females for every 1000 males, and

518-1099: The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute in Pune , claiming that it helped American scholar James Laine ’s book on Shivaji titled Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India , certain parts of which were unacceptable to them. During this attack on BORI, they destroyed many precious and rare manuscripts which laid to decades of research to waste. Sambhaji Brigade demands reservation for the Maratha community and wants inclusion of Marathas in Other Backward Classes (OBC) category. They also demand free education for Maratha children and registered marriages instead of religious ceremonies. The organization has been described as having an anti-Brahmin caste stand and has been repeatedly criticized for its extremist views. Sambhaji Brigade

555-618: The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI) in January 2004. The attack was prompted by the controversy over James Laine 's controversial book Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India (OUP, 2003); scholars from the institute had collaborated with Laine on information for his book about the founder of the Maratha Empire , Shivaji , which the group had viewed as blasphemy claiming that book features "derogatory remarks on Shivaji and his mother ". Angry mob of Sambhaji Brigade stormed

592-451: The JNPT . The district includes cities/towns Kharghar , Taloja , Kalamboli , Panvel , Rasayani , Karjat , Khopoli , Matheran , Uran , Pen , Alibag , Murud-Janjira , Roha , Nagothane , Sudhagad-Pali , Mangaon , Mhasla , Shrivardhan , Mahad , Birwadi , Poladpur . The largest city in terms of Population, Industrialization as well as Area is Panvel . The district also includes

629-571: The Katkari , Thakar and Mahadev Koli. Raigad District is connected to Mumbai by Sion Panvel Expressway . The Mumbai-Pune expressway and NH4 passes through Panvel . NH 66 , which starts at Panvel, traverses the whole district. The Konkan Railway line starts at Roha and passes through Mangaon and Veer in Mahad . The Central Railway Line of Mumbai to Pune passes through Karjat with Extension Line for Karjat to Khopoli . Panvel Junction

666-1235: The Matheran Hill Railway . The main ports are JNPT , Mandava, Revas, Murud , Dighi and Shrivardhan . After the British took over the old Colaba and this region, they established four Anglo-Vernacular medium school and 30 government schools in the year 1865–66. In the year 1861 the first school for girls was started in Alibag. The Mission Church started the first English school in Alibag in 1879. Prabhakar Patil Education Society (PNP education Society) runs 27 Institutes: Five Primary English & Marathi Schools, Twenty Seven Secondary Marathi Schools, One Arts, Science & Commerce Jr. & Sr. College, One English & Marathi Medium D. Ed College, One B. Ed. College, One Polytechnic Institute and One MMS College. Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) established National Institute of Securities Markets at Patalganga, tal Khalapur. Two more old and valuable institutions in Raigad District named Vasantrao Naik College Murud And Mhasla, established by

703-524: The Mena Darwaja on the south side, was supposedly the private entrance for the royal ladies of the fort that lead to the queen's quarters. The convoy of the king and the king himself used the Palkhi Darwaja . on the north side. To the right of Palkhi Darwaja, is a row of three dark and deep chambers. Historians believe that these were the granaries for the fort. From the fort, one can view

740-603: The Raigad Ropeway , an aerial tramway spanning 750 m (2,460 ft) in length and reaching a height of 400 m (1,300 ft), which conveniently transports them from the ground to the fort in just four minutes. The main palace was constructed using wood, of which only the base pillars remain. The main fort ruins consist of the queen's quarters, and six chambers, with each chamber having its private restroom. The chambers do not have any windows. In addition, ruins of three watch towers can be seen directly in front of

777-570: The BORI and destroyed priceless manuscripts and artifacts. Then Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee condemned this violence though he upheld the importance of disagreement and debate in a democracy. After the incident 72 members of the group were arrested. In 2004 the director-general of police announced that a legal ban on the organization was being investigated, but as of 2015, organization has never been banned. In 2010, NCP -controlled Pune Municipal Corporation 's (PMC) decision to remove

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814-564: The base village of Pachad. Additional attractions of the fort include the Khubladha Buruj, Nane Darwaja and the Hatti Talav (Elephant Lake). Henry Oxienden was on the fort from 13 May to 13 June 1674 & he quoted "We arrived at the top of that strong mountain about sun set, which is fortified by nature more than art, being off very difficult access, and but one advance to it, which is guarded by two narrow gates, and fortified with

851-531: The city's civic elections which were due to be held in a few weeks. On 5 December 2021, two activists of Sambhaji Brigade hurled ink at a journalist and writer Girish Kuber in Nashik in protest against some controversial references about Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj in his book. Purushottam Khedekar is one of the founders of this organisation. He is also a prominent leader in the Maratha Seva Sangh,

888-422: The committee head Jaysing Pawar only had caste considerations in mind when submitting the report, without regard to actual historical evidence. The group was also responsible for a protest and attack against a dog's ( Waghya ) statue located on Raigad Fort next to Shivaji 's memorial. According to legend the dog (named Waghya) was Shivaji's dog. The group claimed that the dog was not real and there should not be

925-414: The cries of her infant son back at the village echo after nightfall, the anxious mother couldn't wait till dawn and courageously climbed down the steep cliff in pitch darkness all for the love of her little one. She later repeated this extraordinary feat in front of Shivaji and was rewarded for her bravery." Noticing that this was a potential loophole, Shivaji built a bastion over the cliff and named it after

962-514: The execution point called Takmak Tok , a cliff from which sentenced prisoners were thrown to their death. This area has been fenced off. A statue of Shivaji is erected in front of the ruins of the main market avenue that leads to the Jagdishwar Mandir , which has Sardar Hiroji Indalkar 's name engraved on the first step, his own Samadhi and that of his dog named Waghya . The Samadhi of Rajmata Jijabai, Shivaji's mother, can be seen at

999-590: The former Chief Minister of Maharashtra A. R. Antulay . The Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University is a unitary, autonomous university located at Lonere in Raigad district, established in 1989 under the Government of Maharashtra Act 1983. 18°39′00″N 72°52′48″E  /  18.65000°N 72.88000°E  / 18.65000; 72.88000 Sambhaji Brigade Known for its controversial and often violent agitations, it gained exposure after its members attacked, vandalised and ransacked

1036-601: The fort is 180 m (600 ft) above this door. The king's court, inside the Raigad Fort, has a replica of the original throne that faces the main doorway called the Nagarkhana Darwaja . It faces the East Side. It was here where Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's Rajyabhishek took place. This enclosure had been acoustically designed to aid hearing from the doorway to the throne. A secondary entrance, called

1073-592: The isle of Gharapuri or Elephanta , located in Uran which has ancient Hindu and Buddhist caves. Raigad district is divided into eight subdivisions, with fifteen talukas , and 1,967 villages. Panvel (in Navi Mumbai city) is the main Municipal Corporations responsible for services. MMRDA , CIDCO , and NAINA are the special planning authorities operational in Raigad district. According to

1110-543: The king of the Maratha Kingdom of the Konkan , Shivaji Maharaj chose Raigad as the capital of his Hindavi Swaraj. Located at an elevation of 820 metres (2,700 ft) above its base and 1,356 m (4,449 ft) above sea level within the Sahyadri mountain range , the fort offers views of the surrounding area. Accessing the fort requires ascending approximately 1,737 steps. Alternatively, visitors can opt for

1147-700: The milkmaid as Hirakani Buruj. The statue of Chatrapati Shivaji's pet dog was removed by alleged members of the Sambhaji Brigade in July 2012 as a protest but was re-instated by Shivaji Raigad Smarak Samiti, the Archaeological Survey of India , sculptor Rambhau Parkhi and the District Administration. Raigad district Raigad district ( Marathi pronunciation: [ɾaːjɡəɖ] ), previously Colaba district,

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1184-578: The nearby Mutha river . The Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu (CKP) community, the community to which Gadkari belonged later organized a meeting to protest this incident at the Ram Ganesh Gadkari Rangayatan (a theater named after Gadkari) in Thane . Sambhaji Brigade claimed that Gadkari had portrayed Sambhaji in bad light in an unfinished play Rajsanyas , written a century ago by referring to some out-of-context content. Indian National Congress leader Nitesh Rane later rewarded

1221-505: The palace grounds out of which only two remain as the third one was destroyed during a bombardment . The fort also overlooks an artificial lake known as the Ganga Sagar Lake . The only main pathway to the fort passes through the "Maha Darwaja" (Huge Door) which was previously closed at sunset. The Maha Darwaja has two huge bastions on both sides of the door which are approximately 20–21 m (65–70 ft) in height. The top of

1258-674: The statue of Dadoji Kondadev was claimed to be consistent with the party's policy to encourage demands of hardline Maratha groups. It is claimed that such a stance had helped the NCP maintain its dominance among the Maratha youth in Pune and rural Maharashtra. Sambhaji Brigade was also involved in a protest to remove the statue of Dadoji Kondadev from Lal Mahal in Pune claiming that he was just introduced as teacher of Shivaji by Brahmin historians. About 30 to 40 people entered Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) and attacked Mayor's office. This led to

1295-400: The vandals and made inflammatory remarks claiming that he had announced a reward earlier in 2016 for removing the bust, and was proud of the act carried out by the accused. He also tweeted that Sambhaji Brigade was not involved in the act, even when the outfit had claimed responsibility for the action. The vandalism was largely seen as an attempt to garner votes by playing the community card in

1332-419: Was about a mile from the Raja's Pallaoe, into which we retired with no little content." The fort has a historic buruj called "Hirakani Buruj" (Hirakani Bastion) constructed over a huge steepcliff. The legend goes "that a milkmaid named as Hirakani from a nearby village had come to sell milk to the people living at the fort. She happened to be inside the fort when the gates got closed and locked at sunset. Hearing

1369-414: Was not placed in Kolaba district until 1891. Kolaba district was later renamed as Raigad district. In July 2023, a major landslide , caused by torrential rains, resulted in at least 22 deaths, with more than 100 feared trapped under debris. Over half of the houses in the hillside village, precisely 17 out of 48, were either entirely or partially buried by the debris from the landslide. The district

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