142-539: Rajesh Khanna ( pronounced [rɑːˈdʒeːʃ kʰənˈnə] ) ( pronunciation ; born Jatin Khanna ; 29 December 1942 – 18 July 2012) was an Indian actor, film producer and politician who worked in Hindi films . Considered as one of the greatest and most successful actors in the history of Indian cinema, he is known as the first Superstar of Indian cinema . His accolades include five Filmfare Awards , and in 2013, he
284-445: A lathi -charge to control the crowd of fans who had gathered for the procession from his Bandra house to the crematorium. He died in the presence of his wife Dimple Kapadia, daughters Rinke Khanna and Twinkle Khanna, son-in-law Akshay Kumar, grandchildren, Anju Mahendru and other close relatives. His pyre was lit by his grandson, Aarav, with the assistance of Akshay Kumar. Amitabh Bachchan cited that Rajesh Khanna's last words were "Time
426-573: A parallel cinema movement. Although the movement (emphasising social realism ) was led by Bengali cinema , it also began gaining prominence in Hindi cinema. Early examples of parallel cinema include Dharti Ke Lal (1946), directed by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas and based on the Bengal famine of 1943 , Neecha Nagar (1946) directed by Chetan Anand and written by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, and Bimal Roy's Do Bigha Zamin (1953). Their critical acclaim and
568-537: A vigilante or anti-hero whose suppressed rage voiced the anguish of the urban poor. Hindi films have been a significant form of soft power for India, increasing its influence and changing overseas perceptions of India. In Germany , Indian stereotypes included bullock carts , beggars, sacred cows, corrupt politicians, and catastrophes before Bollywood and the IT industry transformed global perceptions of India. According to author Roopa Swaminathan, "Bollywood cinema
710-523: A Hong Kong remake, The Brothers (1979), which inspired John Woo 's internationally acclaimed breakthrough A Better Tomorrow (1986); the latter was a template for Hong Kong action cinema 's heroic bloodshed genre. "Angry young man" 1970s epics such as Deewaar and Amar Akbar Anthony (1977) also resemble the heroic-bloodshed genre of 1980s Hong Kong action cinema. The influence of filmi may be seen in popular music worldwide. Technopop pioneers Haruomi Hosono and Ryuichi Sakamoto of
852-521: A baby faced boy in Punjabi). Rajesh Khanna was one of eight finalists from more than 10,000 contestants in the 1965 All India Talent Contest, organised by United Producers and Filmfare, along with other FTII students Subhash Ghai and Dheeraj Kumar . Khanna won the contest along with Farida Jalal . BR Chopra , Bimal Roy , GP Sippy , HS Rawail , Nasir Husain , J.Om Prakash , Mohan Saigal, Shakti Samanta and Subodh Mukherji and others had created
994-457: A blockbuster and laying the foundation of Yash Raj Films (which is the biggest production house in India till today). Its soundtrack composed by Laxmikant–Pyarelal dominated the musical charts and was one of the best-selling Hindi film albums of the 1970s. His final release that year was the social drama film Namak Haraam , which too received positive reception and proved to be a superhit at
1136-414: A blockbuster. Basu Bhattacharya 's art-house film Avishkaar and Shakti Samanta's crime thriller Ajanabee were his next two releases. While Ajanabee did reasonable business and proved to be a semi-hit, Avishkaar was a commercial flop, but a huge critical success and won Khanna his third and final Filmfare Award for Best Actor for his subtle portrayal of a disillusioned husband. His last film of
1278-459: A box office hit, but his contemporaries, including Bachchan, Dharmendra and Manoj Kumar had bigger hits in their kitty with Sholay , Deewaar , Pratiggya and Sanyasi , which were also among the top 5 highest-grossing films of the year. The following year, he reunited with Hema Malini for Shakti Samanta's highly anticipated romantic drama Mehbooba based on Gulshan Nanda 's novel Sisakate Saaz . Inspite of impressive performances by
1420-470: A brief role in Samanta's Anuraag , which went on to become a blockbuster and won him Filmfare Special Award . After this, he reunited with Tagore for Yash Chopra's maiden production and sixth directional venture Daag: A Poem of Love which also had Rakhee in the lead. Inspired from Thomas Hardy 's novel The Mayor of Casterbridge , it was a major critical and commercial success, eventually emerging
1562-578: A brief role in the superhit dance film Disco Dancer . The Disco Dancer soundtrack was popular worldwide, particularly in India, the Soviet Union, and China. It went Platinum in India, equivalent to 1 million sales, and received a Gold Award in China. One of the song from film, "Goron Ki Na Kalon Ki" sung by Suresh Wadkar and filmed on Khanna went on to become a chartbuster. After almost
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#17327906976031704-442: A colour version of Mother India . However, colour did not become a popular feature until the late 1950s. At this time, lavish romantic musicals and melodramas were cinematic staples. The decade of the 1940s saw an expansion of Bombay cinema's commercial market and its presence in the national consciousness. The year 1943 saw the arrival of Indian cinema's first 'blockbuster' offering, the movie Kismet , which grossed in excess of
1846-501: A contemporary urban context and anguished urban poor. By the mid-1970s, romantic confections had given way to gritty, violent crime films and action films about gangsters (the Bombay underworld ) and bandits ( dacoits ). Salim-Javed's writing and Amitabh Bachchan's acting popularised the trend with films such as Zanjeer and (particularly) Deewaar , a crime film inspired by Gunga Jumna which pitted "a policeman against his brother,
1988-538: A decade of occasional success, Khanna made a notable comeback in 1983. His first release Nishaan was a semi-hit, but his second release, Mohan Kumar 's Avtaar emerged a blockbuster & was among the highest-grossing films of the year. Khanna received his 14th and final nomination in the Filmfare Award for Best Actor category for Avtaar . His next release was Saawan Kumar Tak 's romantic drama Souten co-starring Tina Munim and Padmini Kolhapure . It
2130-538: A film of scenes from that show, The Flower of Persia (1898). The Wrestlers (1899) by H. S. Bhatavdekar showed a wrestling match at the Hanging Gardens in Bombay . Dadasaheb Phalke 's silent film Raja Harishchandra (1913) is the first feature-length film made in India. The film, being silent, had English , Marathi , and Hindi -language intertitles . By the 1930s, the Indian film industry as
2272-535: A filmmaker proved to be a superhit. All of its songs were major hits too, especially "Zindagi Ke Safar Mein Guzar Jate Hain Jo Maqaam" sung by Kishore Kumar. This was followed by Prem Nagar which was a remake of Akkineni Nageswara Rao 's all time Telugu hit Prema Nagar (1971). Prem Nagar like the original opened to excellent response from the audience, eventually doing more business than Khanna's last major hit Aap Ki Kasam and emerging
2414-470: A flop. Khanna's next release, Dard again with Malini met the same fate, however Dhanwan opposite Reena Roy was a hit. His final release of the year, Shomu Mukherjee 's Fiffty Fiffty co-starring Tina Munim also performed moderately well. In 1982, Khanna starred in three big budget multi-starrers, Vijay Anand 's Rajput , Umesh Mehra 's Ashanti , Sultan Ahmed 's Dharam Kanta , all three of which emerged box office successes. He also played
2556-560: A former film actress, is married to actor Akshay Kumar , while his younger daughter Rinke Khanna, also a former Hindi film actress, is married to London-based investment banker Samir Saran. Khanna is regarded as one of the greatest actors of Indian cinema. Khanna is noted for his acting, style, musicals and dance. One of the most successful and highest-paid actors of 1970s and 1980s, Khanna appeared in Box Office India ' s "Top Actors" list six times from 1969 to 1974. He topped
2698-416: A game changer for Khanna and saw his rise to superstardom. It began with Shakti Samanta 's romantic musical Aradhana co-starring Sharmila Tagore . The film went to become a massive blockbuster at the box office and made him an overnight sensation. Its soundtrack composed by S. D. Burman and lyrics written by Anand Bakshi was the third best-selling Hindi film album of the 1960s and made Kishore Kumar
2840-497: A gang leader based on real-life smuggler Haji Mastan " (Bachchan); according to Danny Boyle , Deewaar was "absolutely key to Indian cinema". In addition to Bachchan, several other actors followed by riding the crest of the trend (which lasted into the early 1990s). Actresses from the era include Hema Malini , Jaya Bachchan , Raakhee , Shabana Azmi , Zeenat Aman , Parveen Babi , Rekha , Dimple Kapadia , Smita Patil , Jaya Prada and Padmini Kolhapure . The name "Bollywood"
2982-546: A genre of dacoit films , in turn defined by Gunga Jumna (1961). Written and produced by Dilip Kumar, Gunga Jumna was a dacoit crime drama about two brothers on opposite sides of the law (a theme which became common in Indian films during the 1970s). Some of the best-known epic films of Hindi cinema were also produced at this time, such as K. Asif 's Mughal-e-Azam (1960). Other acclaimed mainstream Hindi filmmakers during this period included Kamal Amrohi and Vijay Bhatt . The three most popular male Indian actors of
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#17327906976033124-530: A global presence". Scholar Brigitte Schulze has written that Indian films, most notably Mehboob Khan 's Mother India (1957), played a key role in shaping the Republic of India 's national identity in the early years after independence from the British Raj ; the film conveyed a sense of Indian nationalism to urban and rural citizens alike. Bollywood has long influenced Indian society and culture as
3266-783: A good film is generally referred to as paisa vasool , (literally "money's worth"). Songs, dances, love triangles, comedy and dare-devil thrills are combined in a three-hour show (with an intermission). These are called masala films , after the Hindi word for a spice mixture. Like masalas , they are a mixture of action, comedy and romance; most have heroes who can fight off villains single-handedly. Bollywood plots have tended to be melodramatic , frequently using formulaic ingredients such as star-crossed lovers, angry parents, love triangles, family ties, sacrifice, political corruption, kidnapping, villains, kind-hearted courtesans , long-lost relatives and siblings, reversals of fortune and serendipity . Parallel cinema films tended to be less popular at
3408-738: A grand way at the Taj Land's End hotel in Bandra , Mumbai on 21 July 2012, was attended by many. A postage stamp featuring Khanna was released by the India Post on 3 May 2013. On his first death anniversary, a bronze statue of Khanna was unveiled at Bollywood Walk of Fame at Bandra Bandstand , Mumbai . A chowk (intersection) in Girgaon has been named "Superstar Rajesh Khanna Chowk" in his memory. In 2014, his biography Rajesh Khanna: The Untold Story of India's First Superstar by Yasser Usman
3550-625: A hotel in Madras , there was a queue of 600 girls waiting to see him at midnight. As a result, even I would get some importance, as people would ask for my autograph as well. He was very generous with his associates." During the peak of his career, he would be mobbed during public appearances. Fans kissed his car, which would be covered with lipstick marks, and lined the road, cheering and chanting his name. Female fans sent him letters written in their blood. Actor Mehmood parodied him in Bombay to Goa where
3692-509: A huge hit in K. Bapaiah 's action comedy film Maqsad , which also had Jeetendra , Jaya Prada and Sridevi in the lead, followed by two more successes in Naya Kadam and Dharm Aur Qanoon . Khanna followed it with another downturn as all of his releases for the next three years were critical and commercial failures. This changed in 1988 with the successful horror film Woh Phir Aayegi and another hit venture Ghar Ka Chiraag ,
3834-464: A major influence. During the early 20th century, Urdu was the lingua franca of popular cultural performance across northern India and established in popular performance art traditions such as nautch dancing, Urdu poetry , and Parsi theater. Urdu and related Hindi dialects were the most widely understood across northern India, and Hindustani became the standard language of early Indian talkies. Films based on " Persianate adventure-romances" led to
3976-402: A new generation of popular actors, including the three Khans : Aamir Khan , Shah Rukh Khan , and Salman Khan , who have starred in most of the top ten highest-grossing Bollywood films . The Khans and have had successful careers since the late 1980s and early 1990s, and have dominated the Indian box office for three decades. Shah Rukh Khan was the most successful Indian actor for most of
4118-556: A new institute in Arunachal Pradesh as part of an initiative to tap the potential of the North Eastern region, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Development of North Eastern Region, Jitendra Singh has informed. FTI also sponsors a film award show named Global Indie Film Awards/Festival or GIFA. The institute was established in 1960 and started its courses in 1961. The Television Training wing, which
4260-496: A number of popular films, including Kati Patang , Amar Prem , Shehzada , Apna Desh , Mere Jeevan Saathi , Namak Haraam , Aap Ki Kasam , Ajnabee , Maha Chor , Karm , Phir Wohi Raat , Aanchal , Kudrat , Ashanti , Agar Tum Na Hote , Awaaz , Hum Dono and Alag Alag . Kamal Haasan was a close friend of Khanna. Kamal in an interview, narrated his experience of Khanna's stardom, in an incident in 1985 – "He probably hadn't been to
4402-779: A period of illness. He has been honoured with a stamp and statue in his likeness, and a road renamed after him by the Prime Minister of India . Rajesh Khanna was born on 29 December 1942, in Amritsar in the Punjab Province of British India , as 'Jatin Khanna' into a Punjabi Hindu Khatri family. He was adopted and raised by Chunnilal Khanna and Leelawati Khanna, who were relatives of his biological parents. His father had migrated from West Punjab to Gali Tiwarian in Amritsar . His biological parents were Lala Hiranand Khanna and Chandrani Khanna. Lala worked as headmaster of
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4544-746: A popular genre of " Arabian Nights cinema". Scholars Chaudhuri Diptakirti and Rachel Dwyer and screenwriter Javed Akhtar identify Urdu literature as a major influence on Hindi cinema. Most of the screenwriters and scriptwriters of classic Hindi cinema came from Urdu literary backgrounds, from Khwaja Ahmad Abbas and Akhtar ul Iman to Salim–Javed and Rahi Masoom Raza ; a handful came from other Indian literary traditions, such as Bengali and Hindi literature . Most of Hindi cinema's classic scriptwriters wrote primarily in Urdu, including Salim-Javed, Gulzar , Rajinder Singh Bedi , Inder Raj Anand , Rahi Masoom Raza and Wajahat Mirza . Urdu poetry and
4686-585: A public theatre since he became a star. When we reached, things were okay. He enjoyed the film ( The Swarm ) and refused to leave until the end titles. That's when I panicked. This was Rajesh Khanna, the star of the millennium. All hell broke loose as audiences realised he was there, his shirt was torn, but he was enjoying himself thoroughly. He giggled and chuckled like a child." Shah Rukh Khan idolised Khanna and has opined; "Rajesh Khanna, you can't touch". Anupam Kher said "Kishore Kumar, Sanjeev Kumar , S. D. Burman, R. D. Burman, Rajesh Khanna and Smita Patil changed
4828-405: A religious resort for disciples of Sai Baba . In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Khanna fell in love with the then fashion designer and actress Anju Mahendru . They were in a relationship for seven years. Khanna's sudden stardom and his insistence that Mahendru quit her acting career eventually ended their relationship. Mahendru states that the couple did not speak to each other for 17 years after
4970-641: A renaissance of Western musical films such as Chicago , Rent , and Dreamgirls . Indian film composer A. R. Rahman wrote the music for Andrew Lloyd Webber 's Bombay Dreams , and a musical version of Hum Aapke Hain Koun was staged in London's West End. The sports film Lagaan (2001) was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , and two other Hindi films (2002's Devdas and 2006's Rang De Basanti ) were nominated for
5112-513: A similar influence on Amitabh Bachchan , Naseeruddin Shah , Shah Rukh Khan and Nawazuddin Siddiqui . Veteran actresses such as Suraiya , Nargis , Sumitra Devi , Madhubala , Meena Kumari , Waheeda Rehman , Nutan , Sadhana , Mala Sinha and Vyjayanthimala have had their share of influence on Hindi cinema. While commercial Hindi cinema was thriving, the 1950s also saw the emergence of
5254-522: A span of three years, a record which remains unbroken to date. Khanna won his first Filmfare Award for Best Actor for playing a double role in Sachaa Jhutha . He won his second Filmfare Award for Best Actor and first BFJA Award for Best Actor (Hindi) for portraying a cancer-patient in Anand which is also considered his career-best performance by many of his fans as well as critics. Khanna began
5396-696: A superstar would have never accepted me if I was arrogant. If I was arrogant people would not have made me a Lok Sabha member because if someone is arrogant, that arrogance is visible. And this public knows everything and understand everything". Khanna was a life member of the International Film And Television Research Centre, the International Film And Television Club and the Asian Academy of Film & Television . He
5538-583: A talent hunt programme in 2007 and donated a Gold Trophy of Rs.1 crore. In its Silver Jubilee Episode on 14–15 March 2008, K for Kishore aired a Rajesh Khanna special. He signed on to star in a TV serial with Creative Eye Banner, (Dhiraj Kumar) in 2007, and in 2008 performed in a TV serial, Bhabhima , with Leena Ganguly as his co-star. His successful TV serial Raghukul Reet Sada Chali Aayi began in November 2008 and ended in September 2009. Khanna cited
5680-478: A university. In February 2015, Gajendra Chauhan was appointed as the chairman of the institute, which sparked protests by students at the institute. On 18 August 2015, police — in a night-time crackdown — arrested striking students who confined FTII director Prashant Pathrabe and other staffers in his office for eight hours. The director claimed that students harassed and mentally tortured him. The students were released on bail. A video showing students surrounding
5822-459: A whole was producing over 200 films per year. The first Indian sound film, Ardeshir Irani 's Alam Ara (1931), made in Hindustani language, was commercially successful. With a great demand for talkies and musicals, Hindustani cinema (as Hindi cinema was then known as) and the other language film industries quickly switched to sound films. The 1930s and 1940s were tumultuous times; India
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5964-465: A whole, only refers to Hindi-language films, with Indian cinema being an umbrella term that includes all the film industries in the country, each offering films in diverse languages and styles. In 2017, Indian cinema produced 1,986 feature films, of which the largest number, 364 have been in Hindi. In 2022, Hindi cinema represented 33% of box office revenue, followed by Telugu and Tamil representing representing 20% and 16% respectively. Hindi cinema
6106-802: A wounded mute soldier in the play Andha Yug and impressed with his performance; the chief guest suggested that he get into films soon. Khanna became a rare newcomer who had his own MG sports car , who once struggled to get work in theatre and films in the early 1960s. Khanna did his first two years of Bachelor of Arts at Nowrosjee Wadia College in Pune from 1959 to 1961. He later studied at Kishinchand Chellaram College , Mumbai and Jeetendra studied at Siddharth Jain College. Khanna tutored Jeetendra for his first film audition. Khanna's uncle KK Talwar changed Khanna's first name to Rajesh when he decided to enter films. His friends and his wife called him Kaka (meaning
6248-482: Is linked to economic liberalization in India during the early 1990s. Early in the decade, the pendulum swung back toward family-centered romantic musicals. Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988) was followed by blockbusters such as Maine Pyar Kiya (1989), Hum Aapke Hain Kaun (1994), Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995), Raja Hindustani (1996), Dil To Pagal Hai (1997) and Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), introducing
6390-414: Is one of the largest centres for film production in the world. Hindi films sold an estimated 341 million tickets in India in 2019. Earlier Hindi films tended to use vernacular Hindustani , mutually intelligible by speakers of either Hindi or Urdu , while modern Hindi productions increasingly incorporate elements of Hinglish . The most popular commercial genre in Hindi cinema since the 1970s has been
6532-467: Is one of the strongest global cultural ambassadors of a new India." Its role in expanding India's global influence is comparable to Hollywood's similar role with American influence. Monroe Township , Middlesex County , New Jersey , in the New York metropolitan area , has been profoundly impacted by Bollywood; this U.S. township has displayed one of the fastest growth rates of its Indian population in
6674-478: Is regarded as a cult classic today and was remade in many Indian languages, including Hindi itself. It also won Khanna his second BFJA Award for Best Actor (Hindi) . In 1973, his first release was Sachin Bhowmick 's romantic drama Raja Rani in which he starred alongside his Aradhana co-star Sharmila Tagore. Inspite of huge expectations, it ended up as a commercially unsuccessful venture. Khanna then played
6816-482: Is situated on the premises of the erstwhile Prabhat Film Company in Pune . It was established in 1960 and its alumni includes technicians, actors and directors in the film and television industry. FTII is a member of the International Liaison Centre of Schools of Cinema and Television (CILECT), an organisation of the world's leading schools of film and television. The centre will set up
6958-524: Is up, Pack up". In a pre-recorded message to his family, friends and fans that was played on his "chautha", he thanked and saluted his friends and fans for the love they showered on him and also shared how he became a successful actor without having any godfather behind him. On 25 July 2012, his ashes were immersed in the Ganges at Rishikesh , Uttarakhand by his wife Dimple Kapadia and daughter Rinke Khanna. The President of India , Pratibha Patil , lamented
7100-462: The 1992 New Delhi by-election as an Indian National Congress candidate. He was married to Dimple Kapadia in March 1973, eight months before her debut film Bobby was released and had two daughters from the marriage. Their elder daughter Twinkle Khanna is an actress who is married to actor Akshay Kumar , while they also have a younger daughter Rinke Khanna . Khanna died on 18 July 2012, after
7242-559: The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . Danny Boyle 's Slumdog Millionaire (2008), which won four Golden Globes and eight Academy Awards , was inspired by mainstream Hindi films and is considered an "homage to Hindi commercial cinema". It was also inspired by Mumbai-underworld crime films, such as Deewaar (1975), Satya (1998), Company (2002) and Black Friday (2007). Deewaar had
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#17327906976037384-812: The Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards , and received 25 nominations. He won three Filmfare Best Actor Awards , one Filmfare Special Guest Actor Award in 1973, and received a Filmfare Special Award in 1991, after 25 years in the Hindi film industry . He received the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award at the 50th anniversary Filmfare Awards ceremony in 2005. He also received the IIFA Lifetime Achievement Award in 2009. Hindi films Hindi cinema , popularly known as Bollywood and formerly as Bombay cinema , refers to
7526-556: The Western Hemisphere , increasing from 256 (0.9%) as of the 2000 Census to an estimated 5,943 (13.6%) as of 2017, representing a 2,221.5% (a multiple of 23) numerical increase over that period, including many affluent professionals and senior citizens as well as charitable benefactors to the COVID-19 relief efforts in India in official coordination with Monroe Township, as well as actors with second homes. During
7668-594: The Yellow Magic Orchestra produced a 1978 electronic album, Cochin Moon , based on an experimental fusion of electronic music and Bollywood-inspired Indian music. Truth Hurts ' 2002 song " Addictive ", produced by DJ Quik and Dr. Dre , was lifted from Lata Mangeshkar 's "Thoda Resham Lagta Hai" in Jyoti (1981). The Black Eyed Peas ' Grammy Award winning 2005 song " Don't Phunk with My Heart "
7810-627: The action drama Apna Desh also performed very well at the box office and added one more superhit in his kitty. It also had some highly popular songs like "Duniya Mein Logon Ko", "Kajra Lagake Gajra Sajake", "Ro Na Kabhi Nahin Rona". In the late 1972, Khanna's amazing run came to an abrupt halt with a string of commercial failures, which were - Dil Daulat Duniya , Bawarchi , Joroo Ka Ghulam , Mere Jeevan Saathi and Maalik . Out of them, Hrishikesh Mukherjee 's musical comedy drama Bawarchi
7952-736: The ghazal tradition strongly influenced filmi ( Bollywood lyrics ). Javed Akhtar was also greatly influenced by Urdu novels by Pakistani author Ibn-e-Safi , such as the Jasoosi Dunya and Imran series of detective novels; they inspired, for example, famous Bollywood characters such as Gabbar Singh in Sholay (1975) and Mogambo in Mr. India (1987). Todd Stadtman identifies several foreign influences on 1970s commercial Bollywood masala films , including New Hollywood , Italian exploitation films , and Hong Kong martial arts cinema . After
8094-544: The masala film , which freely mixes different genres including action , comedy , romance , drama and melodrama along with musical numbers . Masala films generally fall under the musical film genre, of which Indian cinema has been the largest producer since the 1960s when it exceeded the American film industry's total musical output after musical films declined in the West. The first Indian talkie , Alam Ara (1931),
8236-461: The overseas Indian diaspora , have also been inspired by Bollywood music. Hindi films are primarily musicals, and are expected to have catchy song-and-dance numbers woven into the script. A film's success often depends on the quality of such musical numbers. A film's music and song and dance portions are usually produced first and these are often released before the film itself, increasing its audience. Indian audiences expect value for money, and
8378-531: The socio-economic and socio-political realities of contemporary India. They channeled growing popular discontent and disillusionment and state failure to ensure welfare and well-being at a time of inflation, shortages, loss of confidence in public institutions, increasing crime and the unprecedented growth of slums . Salim-Javed and Bachchan's films dealt with urban poverty, corruption and organised crime; they were perceived by audiences as anti-establishment , often with an "angry young man" protagonist presented as
8520-547: The 1950s and 1960s were Dilip Kumar , Raj Kapoor , and Dev Anand , each with a unique acting style. Kapoor adopted Charlie Chaplin 's tramp persona; Anand modeled himself on suave Hollywood stars like Gregory Peck and Cary Grant , and Kumar pioneered a form of method acting which predated Hollywood method actors such as Marlon Brando . Kumar, who was described as "the ultimate method actor" by Satyajit Ray , inspired future generations of Indian actors. Much like Brando's influence on Robert De Niro and Al Pacino , Kumar had
8662-470: The 1950s and early 1960s and some won major prizes at the festival. Guru Dutt , overlooked during his lifetime, received belated international recognition during the 1980s. Film critics polled by the British magazine Sight & Sound included several of Dutt's films in a 2002 list of greatest films , and Time's All-Time 100 Movies lists Pyaasa as one of the greatest films of all time. During
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#17327906976038804-484: The 1970s were based on Khanna. In the 1970s, his chemistry with Sharmila Tagore , Mumtaz, Asha Parekh , Zeenat Aman , Tanuja and Hema Malini were popular with the audience. Sharmila Tagore said in an interview to The Indian Express that "women came out in droves to see Kaka . They would stand in queues outside the studios to catch a glimpse. He needed police protection when he was in public. I have never seen anything like this before or since." Music remained one of
8946-493: The 1970s. Although the art film bent of the Film Finance Corporation was criticised during a 1976 Committee on Public Undertakings investigation which accused the corporation of not doing enough to encourage commercial cinema, the decade saw the rise of commercial cinema with films such as Sholay (1975) which consolidated Amitabh Bachchan 's position as a star. The devotional classic Jai Santoshi Ma
9088-457: The 1980s was Mira Nair 's Salaam Bombay! (1988), which won the Camera d'Or at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Hindi cinema experienced another period of box-office decline during the late 1980s with due to concerns by audiences over increasing violence and a decline in musical quality, and a rise in video piracy. One of
9230-467: The 1990s and 2000s, and Aamir Khan has been the most successful Indian actor since the mid 2000s. Action and comedy films, starring such actors as Akshay Kumar and Govinda . The decade marked the entrance of new performers in art and independent films, some of which were commercially successful. The most influential example was Satya (1998), directed by Ram Gopal Varma and written by Anurag Kashyap . Its critical and commercial success led to
9372-525: The 1992 by-election, retaining his seat until 1996 after which he was not interested in active politics. When Khanna was MP, he did not accept new acting assignments, but only acted in the film Khudai (1994). After leaving parliament, he was a political activist for the INC and campaigned for the party till the 2012 Punjab election . Khanna and a group of foreign investors bought land in Shirdi , on which he built
9514-510: The 2000s, Hindi cinema began influencing musical films in the Western world and was instrumental role in reviving the American musical film. Baz Luhrmann said that his musical film, Moulin Rouge! (2001), was inspired by Bollywood musicals; the film incorporated a Bollywood-style dance scene with a song from the film China Gate . The critical and financial success of Moulin Rouge! began
9656-411: The 2010s, the industry saw established stars such as making big-budget masala films like Dabangg (2010), Singham (2011) , Ek Tha Tiger (2012), Son of Sardaar (2012), Rowdy Rathore (2012), Chennai Express (2013), Kick (2014) and Happy New Year (2014) with much-younger actresses. Although the films were often not praised by critics, they were commercially successful. Some of
9798-746: The Bombay film industry was closely linked to the Lahore film industry (known as "Lollywood"; now part of the Pakistani film industry ); both produced films in Hindustani (also known as Hindi-Urdu), the lingua franca of northern and central India. Another centre of Hindustani-language film production was the Bengal film industry in Calcutta , Bengal Presidency (now Kolkata, West Bengal ), which produced Hindustani-language films and local Bengali language films. Many actors, filmmakers and musicians from
9940-810: The Bombay film industry's position as the preeminent center for film production in India. The period from the late 1940s to the early 1960s, after India's independence , is regarded by film historians as the Golden Age of Hindi cinema. Some of the most critically acclaimed Hindi films of all time were produced during this time. Examples include Pyaasa (1957) and Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959), directed by Guru Dutt and written by Abrar Alvi ; Awaara (1951) and Shree 420 (1955), directed by Raj Kapoor and written by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas , and Aan (1952), directed by Mehboob Khan and starring Dilip Kumar . The films explored social themes, primarily dealing with working-class life in India (particularly urban life) in
10082-458: The FTII in policy matters related to academic affairs and financial matters. A director serves as the institute's executive head and implements its policies and programmes. Prashant Pathrabe, a 1992 batch officer of Indian Information Service (IIS), has been given temporary charge as director following end of the term of DJ Narain. Gajendra Chauhan, the designated chairman of the governing council,
10224-405: The Indian economy and a demand for quality entertainment in this era led the country's film industry to new heights in production values, cinematography and screenwriting as well as technical advances in areas such as special effects and animation. Some of the largest production houses, among them Yash Raj Films and Dharma Productions were the producers of new modern films. Some popular films of
10366-561: The Lahore industry migrated to the Bombay industry during the 1940s, including actors K. L. Saigal , Prithviraj Kapoor , Dilip Kumar and Dev Anand as well as playback singers Mohammed Rafi , Noorjahan and Shamshad Begum . Around the same time, filmmakers and actors from the Calcutta film industry began migrating to Bombay; as a result, Bombay became the center of Hindustani-language film production. The 1947 partition of India divided
10508-841: The MC High School in Burewala (in present-day Vehari District , Punjab , Pakistan ). His adoptive parents belonged to a family of railway contractors who had moved from Lahore to Bombay in 1935. Khanna lived in Saraswati Niwas, in Thakur-dwar near Girgaon , Mumbai. He attended St. Sebastian's Goan High School with his friend Ravi Kapoor, who later took the stage name Jeetendra . Khanna gradually started taking an interest in theatre, did many stage and theatre plays in his school and college days, and won many prizes in inter-college drama competitions. In 1962 Khanna played
10650-558: The United Producers organisation and were then judges of the contest. He made his film debut in the 1966 film Aakhri Khat , directed by Chetan Anand , followed by Raaz (1967), directed by Ravindra Dave , both of which were a part of his predetermined prize for winning the All-India United Producers' Talent Competition. G.P. Sippy and Nasir Hussain were the first to sign Khanna after he won
10792-406: The biggest attractions of his career. Khanna used to personally sit in music sessions with music directors and used to be personally present for recording of songs picturised on him. Khanna's on-screen pairings with Shabana Azmi , Smita Patil , Tina Munim , Padmini Kolhapure and Poonam Dhillon was also popular in the 80s. The trio of Rajesh Khanna, Kishore Kumar and R.D. Burman went on to make
10934-686: The biggest entertainment industry; many of the country's musical, dancing, wedding and fashion trends are Bollywood-inspired. Bollywood fashion trendsetters have included Madhubala in Mughal-e-Azam (1960) and Madhuri Dixit in Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! (1994). Hindi films have also had a socio-political impact on Indian society, reflecting Indian politics . In classic 1970s Bollywood films, Bombay underworld crime films written by Salim–Javed and starring Amitabh Bachchan such as Zanjeer (1973) and Deewaar (1975) reflected
11076-552: The blockbuster Sholay (1975), written by Salim-Javed and starring Amitabh Bachchan. It combined the dacoit film conventions of Mother India and Gunga Jumna with spaghetti Westerns , spawning the Dacoit Western (also known as the curry Western ) which was popular during the 1970s. Some Hindi filmmakers, such as Shyam Benegal , Mani Kaul , Kumar Shahani , Ketan Mehta , Govind Nihalani and Vijaya Mehta , continued to produce realistic parallel cinema throughout
11218-479: The box office equation and saw the emergence of a new Superstar in the form of Amitabh Bachchan . With Bachchan's rise and his poor choice of films in the mid 1970s, Khanna suffered a major career setback and eventually, lost his superstardom. In 1975, Khanna starred alongside Shashi Kapoor and Mumtaz in Raj Khosla's Prem Kahani and did a guest appearance in the war film Aakraman . The former emerged
11360-667: The box office. A large Indian diaspora in English-speaking countries and increased Western influence in India have nudged Bollywood films closer to Hollywood. Film and Television Institute of India The Film and Television Institute of India ( FTII ) is a film institute under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India and aided by the Central Government of India. It
11502-482: The box office. Khanna received his fifth nomination in the best actor category at the Filmfare Awards for Daag and won his third BFJA Award for Best Actor (Hindi) for Namak Haraam . 1974 was a great year for Khanna with both critical and commercial appreciation coming his way. His first film Humshakal flopped commercially, but his second release Aap Ki Kasam which was also J. Om Prakash 's debut as
11644-420: The break-up. Later Khanna – 31 at that time – married the budding actress Dimple Kapadia who was then 15 years old, in March 1973, before Kapadia's debut film Bobby released in September that year. Khanna and Kapadia have two daughters from the marriage; Twinkle and Rinke . Khanna and Kapadia separated in 1982, but never completed the divorce proceedings. According to Yasser Usman's biography of Khanna,
11786-721: The chairman of the Governing Council, the Academic Council and the Standing Finance Committee. The Governing Council is constituted by election from among the members of the Society. The Governing Council is the apex body of the FTII and is responsible for making all major policy decisions of the institute. The council, in turn, appoints the Academic Council and the Standing Finance Committee, members of both of which are responsible for advising
11928-492: The contest. "Though 'Aakhri Khat' is my first film, I received my first break as a leading actor in Ravindra Dave's, 'Raaz', in 1967. My heroine was Babita, already a popular actress then. Though I had lots of confidence, I was shy in facing the camera initially. In my first three shots, I had to perform with stress on my body language and dialogue delivery. Though I was right with my dialogues, my movements were not up to
12070-663: The conventions which were once strictly associated with parallel cinema. "Bollywood" is a portmanteau derived from Bombay (the former name of Mumbai ) and "Hollywood", a shorthand reference for the American film industry which is based in Hollywood , California . The term "Tollywood", for the Tollygunge -based cinema of West Bengal , predated "Bollywood". It was used in a 1932 American Cinematographer article by Wilford E. Deming, an American engineer who helped produce
12212-535: The country into the Republic of India and Pakistan , which precipitated the migration of filmmaking talent from film production centres like Lahore and Calcutta , which bore the brunt of the partition violence. This included actors, filmmakers and musicians from Bengal , Punjab (particularly the present-day Pakistani Punjab ), and the North-West Frontier Province (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ). These events further consolidated
12354-596: The couple separated because Kapadia wished to return to acting. She had quit acting when she married Khanna since the latter wanted his partner to be a housewife. A few years after their marriage Kapadia decided to resume her career. However, Khanna remained adamant that his wife will not work. Kapadia eventually left Khanna and started her career in films. Khanna and Kapadia however maintained an amicable relationship where they both were seen together at parties and family functions. Kapadia also campaigned for Khanna's election and worked in his film Jai Shiv Shankar (1990), although
12496-542: The creation of a national movement against colonial rule in India, while simultaneously leveraging the popular political movement to increase their own visibility and popularity. Themes from the Independence Movement deeply influenced Bombay film directors, screen-play writers, and lyricists, who saw their films in the context of social reform and the problems of the common people. Before the Partition,
12638-405: The decade were Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai (2000), Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... (2001), Gadar: Ek Prem Katha (2001), Lagaan (2001), Koi... Mil Gaya (2003), Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003), Veer-Zaara (2004), Rang De Basanti (2006), Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006), Dhoom 2 (2006), Krrish (2006), and Jab We Met (2007), among others, showing the rise of new movie stars. During
12780-678: The decade with films such as Zanjeer (1973) and Deewaar (1975). Salim-Javed reinterpreted the rural themes of Mehboob Khan 's Mother India (1957) and Dilip Kumar 's Gunga Jumna (1961) in a contemporary urban context, reflecting the socio-economic and socio-political climate of 1970s India and channeling mass discontent, disillusionment and the unprecedented growth of slums with anti-establishment themes and those involving urban poverty, corruption and crime. Their "angry young man", personified by Amitabh Bachchan , reinterpreted Dilip Kumar's performance in Gunga Jumna in
12922-476: The director and shouting was released by the management. In response, the students released an undated video of cops manhandling students and breaking glass in the director's office. The striking students vehemently condemned the act by the Pune police to come and arrest students past midnight. The FTII is registered under Societies' Registration Act of 1860. The Society is headed by a president, who also functions as
13064-410: The driver and conductor of the bus were called 'Rajesh' and 'Khanna' respectively. A scene of Amar Prem , to be shot at Howrah Bridge , was cancelled due to his popularity. Film critic Monojit Lahiri said: "Girls married themselves to photographs of Khanna, cutting their fingers and applying the blood as sindoor. He was God, there has never been such hysteria." Several songs sung by Kishore Kumar in
13206-409: The emergence of a genre known as Mumbai noir: urban films reflecting the city's social problems. This led to a resurgence of parallel cinema by the end of the decade. The films featured actors whose performances were often praised by critics. The 2000s saw increased Bollywood recognition worldwide due to growing (and prospering) NRI and South Asian diaspora communities overseas. The growth of
13348-480: The end of year, he appeared in Palkon Ki Chhaon Mein and Aashiq Hoon Baharon Ka , but contrary to expectations, both the films were flops. The next year, he had four releases, out of which, Ramanand Sagar 's romantic drama film Prem Bandhan proved to be a successful venture, but rest were critical and commercial failures. In 1979, Khanna appeared alongside Shabana Azmi and Vinod Mehra in
13490-448: The face of Indian cinema. They're remembered by the films that they did." Actor Tom Alter confessed "I still dream of being Rajesh Khanna. For me, in the early 1970s, he was the only hero – romantic to the core, not larger than life, so Indian and real – he was my hero; the reason I came into films and he still is." Actor Irrfan Khan stated in an interview, "The kind of craze witnessed by Rajesh Khanna has not been duplicated by anyone. He
13632-460: The film industry based in Mumbai , engaged in production of motion pictures in Hindi language. The popular term Bollywood is a portmanteau of "Bombay" (former name of Mumbai) and " Hollywood ". The industry is a part of the larger Indian cinema , which also includes South Indian cinema and other smaller film industries . The term 'Bollywood', often mistakenly used to refer to Indian cinema as
13774-470: The film never got released. In the 1980s, Tina Munim was in love with Khanna. She had been a fan of him since her school days. They appeared in ten films together between 1981 and 1986. According to website Bollywood Mantra , Khanna refused to marry her as their marriage would have a bad impact on his daughters. After Munim and Khanna parted ways, he resumed his friendship with Anju Mahendru. Khanna's elder daughter Twinkle Khanna, an interior decorator and
13916-829: The films starring Aamir Khan, from Taare Zameen Par (2007) and 3 Idiots (2009) to Dangal (2016) and Secret Superstar (2018), have been credited with redefining and modernising the masala film with a distinct brand of socially conscious cinema. Most stars from the 2000s continued successful careers into the next decade, and the 2010s saw a new generation of popular actors in different films. Among new conventions, female-centred films such as The Dirty Picture (2011), Kahaani (2012), and Queen (2014), Pink (2016), Raazi (2018), Gangubai Kathiawadi (2022) started gaining wide financial success. Moti Gokulsing and Wimal Dissanayake identify six major influences which have shaped Indian popular cinema: Sharmistha Gooptu identifies Indo-Persian - Islamic culture as
14058-619: The first Indian sound picture. "Bollywood" was probably invented in Bombay-based film trade journals in the 1960s or 1970s, though the exact inventor varies by account. Film journalist Bevinda Collaco claims she coined the term for the title of her column in Screen magazine. Her column entitled "On the Bollywood Beat" covered studio news and celebrity gossip. Other sources state that lyricist, filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna
14200-455: The first masala film and the first quintessentially "Bollywood" film. Salim-Javed wrote more successful masala films during the 1970s and 1980s. Masala films made Amitabh Bachchan the biggest star of the period. A landmark of the genre was Amar Akbar Anthony (1977), directed by Manmohan Desai and written by Kader Khan , and Desai continued successfully exploiting the genre. Both genres (masala and violent-crime films) are represented by
14342-414: The first two examples. Awaara presented the city as both nightmare and dream, and Pyaasa critiqued the unreality of urban life. Mehboob Khan 's Mother India (1957), a remake of his earlier Aurat (1940), was the first Indian film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film ; it lost by a single vote. Mother India defined conventional Hindi cinema for decades. It spawned
14484-635: The following year. In 1990, he starred in David Dhawan 's drama film Swarg . An adaptation of Ashok Kumar and Sunil Dutt starrer Mehrban (1967), it went on to become a hit and established Dhawan's career as a director. Swarg also proved to be the last major success of Khanna's career. In 1991, Khanna had three releases – Begunaah , Rupaye Dus Karod and Ghar Parivar , none of which did well commercially. After this, he quit acting for sometime to focus on his political career. From 1992 to 1998, he had only two releases - Khudai (1994) and
14626-418: The greatest actor of Bengali cinema, as his idol. In that interview, Khanna also claimed that Uttam Kumar was the greatest living actor of his time. At the insistence of Rajiv Gandhi , Khanna started campaigning for Indian National Congress after 1984. In the election for New Delhi seat in the 1991 Lok Sabha election, Khanna lost to L.K. Advani by a narrow margin of 1589 votes, after which Khanna stood on
14768-544: The grounds at the counting station insisting that he had been cheated of a win. In 1992, a by-election was called after the resignation of the incumbent Member of Parliament L.K. Advani . Khanna contested the seat again, won the by-election by defeating Shatrughan Sinha by 25,000 votes. Khanna was a member of Parliament for the Indian National Congress , from the New Delhi constituency, where he won
14910-473: The important barrier of one crore (10 million) rupees, made on a budget of only two lakh (200,000) rupees. The film tackled contemporary issues, especially those arising from the Indian Independence movement, and went on to become "the longest running hit of Indian cinema", a title it held till the 1970s. Film personalities like Bimal Roy, Sahir Ludhianvi and Prithviraj Kapoor participated in
15052-833: The lack of good roles for actors like him in films as the reason for him not appearing much in films after 2001. He said in an interview on being queried about his decision to do TV serials: "The reach of TV is much more than cinema today and one episode of my serial is likely to be watched by more people than a super-hit film". In May 2012, Havells , the fan making company endorsed Khanna as Brand Ambassador for their new ad campaign featuring him in solo advertisements. Khanna considered Guru Dutt , Meena Kumari and Geeta Bali to be his idols. Khanna said in an interview: "My inspirations include Dilip Kumar 's dedication and intensity, Raj Kapoor 's spontaneity, Dev Anand 's style and Shammi Kapoor 's rhythm." In an interview given to The Hindu in 2011, Khanna specially mentioned Mahanayak Uttam Kumar ,
15194-419: The late 1960s and early 1970s, the industry was dominated by musical romance films with romantic-hero leads. By 1970, Hindi cinema was thematically stagnant and dominated by musical romance films . The arrival of screenwriting duo Salim–Javed ( Salim Khan and Javed Akhtar ) was a paradigm shift, revitalising the industry. They began the genre of gritty, violent, Bombay underworld crime films early in
15336-619: The latter's commercial success paved the way for Indian neorealism and the Indian New Wave (synonymous with parallel cinema). Internationally acclaimed Hindi filmmakers involved in the movement included Mani Kaul , Kumar Shahani , Ketan Mehta , Govind Nihalani , Shyam Benegal , and Vijaya Mehta . After the social-realist film Neecha Nagar received the Palme d'Or at the inaugural 1946 Cannes Film Festival , Hindi films were frequently in competition for Cannes' top prize during
15478-536: The lead pair and two hit songs, "Mere Naina Sawan Bhadon" and "Parbat Ke Peeche", the film failed to live up to the expectations and ended up as an average venture. This was followed by another moderate fare in Narendra Bedi's action comedy Maha Chor opposite Neetu Singh and a flop in Shammi Kapoor 's romantic comedy Bundal Baaz co-starring Sulakshana Pandit . In 1977, Khanna's first release
15620-520: The leading playback singer of Hindi cinema . That same year, he starred in Raj Khosla 's romantic family drama Do Raaste opposite Mumtaz . Backed up with chartbuster songs, including "Yeh Reshmi Zulfen", "Bindiya Chamkegi", "Chup Gaye Saare Nazaare", it went a step ahead and emerged an All Time Blockbuster , in turn making Khanna and Mumtaz a hit pair. In the United Kingdom , the film
15762-469: The list thrice (1969–1971). In 2022, he was placed in Outlook India ' s "75 Best Bollywood Actors" list. Khanna was placed ninth among the "Greatest Bollywood Stars" in a UK poll celebrating 100 years of Indian cinema in 2013. Khanna has the record for the most films as the solo lead hero in Hindi films – 106. Rediff.com placed him 8th in its "Top 10 Bollywood Actors of All Time" list. Khanna
15904-464: The major grossers. These films turned Khanna into a Superstar and marked the beginning of Rajesh Khanna Mania of the early 1970s. He continued his domination at the box office in 1970 and 1971 with films, such as – The Train , Sachaa Jhutha , Safar , Aan Milo Sajna , Kati Patang , Mehboob Ki Mehndi , Anand , Andaz , Maryada , Haathi Mere Saathi , Chhoti Bahu and Amar Prem , eventually giving 17 consecutive successes in
16046-520: The mark. Ravindra Dave explained me my scenes and movements very clearly correcting my way of walking." Khanna's remarks after Aakhri Khat was India's entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 40th Oscar Academy Awards in 1967. Being under contract with United Producers, he got projects, such as Aurat (1967) and Baharon Ke Sapne (1967), both of which were commercially unsuccessful. The year 1969 proved to be
16188-593: The much delayed Sautela Bhai (1996), both of which sank without a trace. In 1999, Khanna appeared in Rishi Kapoor 's directional debut Aa Ab Laut Chalen . Despite being hugely hyped before its release, the film received negative reviews from critics and ended up as a below average grosser. In the 2000s, he tried to make a comeback with films, such as Pyaar Zindagi Hai (2001), Kyaa Dil Ne Kahaa (2002), Wafa: A Deadly Love Story (2008), but none of them could re-establish him. Khanna's final film appearance
16330-456: The next year with Dulal Guha 's drama film Dushmun . It opened to excellent audience response and emerged a blockbuster as well as one of the highest-earning films of the year . Dushmun was later remade in Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam and Kannada . For portraying a rash truck driver in the film, Khanna received a nomination in the Filmfare Award for Best Actor category. His next release,
16472-593: The passing away of the actor. In a press release she said "I am saddened to learn about the passing away of Rajesh Khanna. In his prime as an actor he was the heartthrob of the young generation of 1970s, who tried to model themselves on him and his style." Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh and Narendra Modi who used to be Chief Minister of Gujarat mourned his death. Many celebrities including Amitabh Bachchan , Shah Rukh Khan , Aamir Khan , Karan Johar , Shabana Azmi , Rishi Kapoor and many politicians also paid homage to him after his death. His prayer meeting, organised in
16614-404: The rest of Indian cinema) it has become part of the "Indian story". In India, Bollywood is often associated with India's national identity. According to economist and Bollywood biographer Meghnad Desai , "Cinema actually has been the most vibrant medium for telling India its own story, the story of its struggle for independence, its constant struggle to achieve national integration and to emerge as
16756-447: The romantic drama Amar Deep . The film opened to positive response from critics and emerged a hit at the box office thus ending his dry run and also proving to be one of the highest grossing films of that year. He began the 1980s with Bharathiraja 's psychological thriller Red Rose . A remake of blockbuster Tamil film Sigappu Rojakkal , the film couldn't repeat the success of original and flopped commercially. His next release
16898-574: The success of Bruce Lee films (such as Enter the Dragon ) in India, Deewaar (1975) and other Bollywood films incorporated fight scenes inspired by 1970s martial arts films from Hong Kong cinema until the 1990s. Bollywood action scenes emulated Hong Kong rather than Hollywood, emphasising acrobatics and stunts and combining kung fu (as perceived by Indians) with Indian martial arts such as pehlwani . Perhaps Hindi cinema's greatest influence has been on India's national identity, where (with
17040-414: The turning points came with such films as Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988), presenting a blend of youthfulness, family entertainment, emotional intelligence and strong melodies, all of which lured audiences back to the big screen. It brought back the template for Bollywood musical romance films which went on to define 1990s Hindi cinema. Known since the 1990s as "New Bollywood", contemporary Bollywood
17182-598: The year was Manmohan Desai 's action drama Roti which released alongside another biggie Roti Kapada Aur Makaan , but still went on to become a blockbuster at the box office. Due to its huge success, Roti was also remade in Telugu as Neram Nadi Kadu Akalidi (1976). The declaration of emergency in 1975 had angered the masses and this helped films having the lead character revolting against corruption and establishment to become successes. The shift from romantic and social movies to action oriented multi-starrers changed
17324-552: Was Esmayeel Shroff 's family drama Thodisi Bewafaii opposite Shabana Azmi . It performed well at the box office and proved to be a hit with Khanna receiving his 12th nomination in the Filmfare Award for Best Actor category and Kishore Kumar winning Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer for the song "Hazaar Rahen Mud Ke Dekhin". His other releases of the year were - Anil Ganguly 's drama film Aanchal , Danny Denzongpa 's horror thriller Phir Wahi Raat and K. Bapaiah 's romantic drama Bandish . While Phir Wahi Raat
17466-506: Was Faculty Guest of "Specialised Cinema Courses At Asian School Of Media Studies". On 10 April 1999 Khanna inaugurated the live concert of S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , held at Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium , Hyderabad as a tribute to R. D. Burman . In 2001 and 2002, Khanna played the lead in two television serials: Aapne Parai (B4U and DD Metro) and Ittefaq (Zee TV). He performed in a video album based on Tagore's songs (Rabindra Sangeet) without payment. He also endorsed Star se Superstar tak –
17608-521: Was again a Shakti Samanta directional Anurodh . Its soundtrack composed by Laxmikant–Pyarelal topped the musical charts, but commercially the film was an average runner. His next four releases, included - Din Dayal Sharma's Tyaag , Joy Mukherjee 's Chhailla Babu , B.R. Chopra 's Karm and Bhappi Sonie 's Chalta Purza . While Tyaag didnt do well, Chhailla Babu , Karm and Chalta Purza proved to be decent box office successes. Before
17750-465: Was also released that year. By 1983, the Bombay film industry was generating an estimated annual revenue of ₹700 crore ( ₹ 7 billion, $ 693.14 million ), equivalent to $ 2.12 billion ( ₹12,667 crore , ₹ 111.33 billion) when adjusted for inflation. By 1986, India's annual film output had increased from 741 films produced annually to 833 films annually, making India the world's largest film producer. The most internationally acclaimed Hindi film of
17892-492: Was an underperformer, Aanchal and Bandish were major commercial successes. In 1981, he co-starred alongside Raaj Kumar , Vinod Khanna , Hema Malini and Priya Rajvansh in Chetan Anand's reincarnation drama Kudrat . In spite of presence of some of the biggest stars of that time and its soundtrack being one of the best-selling Hindi film albums of the 1980s, Kudrat was rejected at ticket counters and proved to be
18034-588: Was buffeted by the Great Depression , World War II , the Indian independence movement , and the violence of the Partition . Although most early Bombay films were unabashedly escapist , a number of filmmakers tackled tough social issues or used the struggle for Indian independence as a backdrop for their films. Irani made the first Hindi colour film, Kisan Kanya , in 1937. The following year, he made
18176-617: Was coined during the 1970s, when the conventions of commercial Hindi films were defined. Key to this was the masala film , which combines a number of genres ( action , comedy , romance , drama , melodrama , and musical ). The masala film was pioneered early in the decade by filmmaker Nasir Hussain , and the Salim-Javed screenwriting duo, pioneering the Bollywood- blockbuster format. Yaadon Ki Baarat (1973), directed by Hussain and written by Salim-Javed, has been identified as
18318-422: Was diagnosed with cancer. After his death his co-star Mumtaz said that he was suffering from cancer for the duration of the prior year and had undergone chemotherapy sessions. His funeral took place on 19 July at 11:00. His funeral ceremony was attended by 9 lakh (900,000) people and his fans came from places like Surat , Ahmedabad , Vadodara , Pune , Bangalore and other countries. Police had to resort to
18460-468: Was earlier functioning in New Delhi , shifted to Pune in 1974. Thereafter, the institute became fully aided by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting . In July 2011, Information and Broadcasting Minister Ambika Soni said that a bill in Parliament to develop the FTII into a 'Centre of Excellence' would be introduced. This would enable the institute to enjoy the academic status and privileges of
18602-485: Was in Ashok Tyagi's much delayed action film Riyasat , which released after his death in 2014. It was panned by critics across the board and was a box office flop. Khanna appeared in a rare interview in the show Aap Ki Adalat in 1992, where he quoted to the interviewer Rajat Sharma , "I would just ask if I am arrogant, how come all these producers made so many films with me. My fans who turned this actor into
18744-433: Was inspired by two 1970s Bollywood songs : "Ye Mera Dil Yaar Ka Diwana" from Don (1978) and "Ae Nujawan Hai Sub" from Apradh (1972). Both songs were composed by Kalyanji Anandji , sung by Asha Bhosle , and featured the dancer Helen . The Kronos Quartet re-recorded several R. D. Burman compositions sung by Asha Bhosle for their 2005 album, You've Stolen My Heart: Songs from R.D. Burman's Bollywood , which
18886-464: Was its creator. It is unknown if it was derived from "Hollywood" through "Tollywood", or was inspired directly by "Hollywood". The term has been criticised by some film journalists and critics, who believe it implies that the industry is a poor cousin of Hollywood. In 1897, a film presentation by Professor Stevenson featured a stage show at Calcutta 's Star Theatre. With Stevenson's encouragement and camera, Hiralal Sen , an Indian photographer, made
19028-575: Was named as one of "the men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema" by CNN-News18 . In 1973, BBC made a documentary on him, named Bombay Superstar as a part of the series, Man Alive . A textbook prescribed by the Mumbai University contained an essay, "The Charisma of Rajesh Khanna!" Khanna acted alongside Mumtaz in ten films. She stated "I would pull his leg and tease him about his fan following. Whenever Rajesh entered
19170-603: Was nominated for Best Contemporary World Music Album at the 2006 Grammy Awards. Filmi music composed by A. R. Rahman (who received two Academy Awards for the Slumdog Millionaire soundtrack ) has frequently been sampled by other musicians, including the Singaporean artist Kelly Poon , the French rap group La Caution and the American artist Ciara . Many Asian Underground artists, particularly those among
19312-513: Was posthumously awarded the Padma Bhushan , India's third highest civilian honour. Khanna made his debut in 1966 Aakhri Khat which was India's first official Academy Awards entry in 1967. In 2005, he was honoured with the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award on the 50th anniversary of the Filmfare Awards . He was a Member of Parliament in the 10th Lok Sabha from New Delhi Lok Sabha constituency between 1992 and 1996, elected in
19454-465: Was produced in the Hindustani language, four years after Hollywood's first sound film, The Jazz Singer (1927). Alongside commercial masala films, a distinctive genre of art films known as parallel cinema has also existed, presenting realistic content and avoidance of musical numbers. In more recent years, the distinction between commercial masala and parallel cinema has been gradually blurring, with an increasing number of mainstream films adopting
19596-575: Was published by Penguin Books . In 2022, his biography Rajesh Khanna The Most Versatile Superstar Actor of Hindi Cinema by Narayanan Subramanian was released. In 2018, a one kilometre fitness trail in Lajpat Nagar National Park was named after Khanna, which was inaugurated by his wife Dimple Kapadia. Khanna won seven All-India Critics Association (AICA) Best Actor Awards, and received 10 nominations. He won four Best Actor Awards in
19738-719: Was released in 1970. It became the first Indian film to gross £100,000 in the UK, equivalent to ₹ 900,000 (US$ 118,940.64). Its UK box office record was broken a year later by Purab Aur Paschim , which released in the UK in 1971. The huge box office success of Aradhana and Do Raaste was followed by a superhit in Narendra Bedi 's romantic drama Bandhan again with Mumtaz, a hit in Yash Chopra 's songless mystery thriller Ittefaq co-starring Nanda , followed by another successful film, Doli alongside Babita to go with
19880-591: Was reported that Khanna's health had been deteriorating for some time. On 23 June he was admitted to Lilavati Hospital in Mumbai due to health complications. He was discharged on 8 July from the hospital and was reportedly fine. On 14 July, Khanna was readmitted to the Lilavati Hospital , but was discharged on 16 July. He died on 18 July 2012, at his bungalow, Aashirwad, in Mumbai. Sources confirmed that his health had been deteriorating since July 2011 as he
20022-428: Was the biggest and the most real star Bollywood has produced. I'd say stardom is that feeling of being possessed by your idol; you are so overwhelmed with euphoria you lose touch with reality." The trend of wearing guru kurtas and belts on shirts became famous because of Khanna. Actor Salman Khan has stated: "I, Shahrukh or Aamir have not even achieved 10% of what Khanna had in acting or his stardom." In June 2012, it
20164-649: Was the first Hindi film ever to be shot in Mauritius and had a chartbuster soundtrack composed by Usha Khanna with songs "Shayad Meri Shaadi Ka Khayal" and "Zindagi Pyaar Ka Geet Hai" topping the musical charts that year. The film went on to become a superhit and also one of the best-selling Hindi film albums of the 1980s. Khanna completed his hat-trick with another hit in Lekh Tandon 's Agar Tum Na Hote . With three back-to-back hits in 1983, he proved that audience still adored him. His good run continued in 1984 with
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