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54-548: Ramesh Talwar is an Indian film, theatre, television and film director , co-producer and actor. He is the nephew of the film writer, short story writer and playwright Sagar Sarhadi . Talwar began his career as a child artist in Love in Simla (1960), Dhool Ka Phool (1959) and Phool Aur Kaliyan (1960) (produced by V Shantaram ; directed by Ram Gabale ) which was a National Award winner – Gold medal for best children's film. He

108-425: A Bengali film named Meghla Akash , directed by Nargis Akter, she played the role of a physician treating AIDS patients. She has also given her voice to an HIV/AIDS education animated software tutorial created by the nonprofit organisation TeachAids . She has participated in several plays and demonstrations denouncing communalism . In 1989, along with Swami Agnivesh and Asghar Ali Engineer , she undertook

162-473: A film school to get a bachelor's degree studying film or cinema. Film students generally study the basic skills used in making a film. This includes, for example, preparation, shot lists and storyboards, blocking, communicating with professional actors, communicating with the crew, and reading scripts. Some film schools are equipped with sound stages and post-production facilities. Besides basic technical and logistical skills, students also receive education on

216-582: A Television Serial Mukti Bandhan which was aired on Colors . Also, he has been a Jury Member for Screen Awards, Filmfare Awards and Indian Films Panorama, 3rd Eye Film festival awards and Mumbai Film Festival (MAMI) and the Chairman of Jury (TV awards by Screen) over the last few years. Ramesh Behl's wife is the daughter of actor and film-maker Kamal Kapoor . Kamal Kapoor was a first cousin of actor Prithviraj Kapoor (their mothers were sisters). Film director The film director gives direction to

270-536: A college student who visits the countryside. Azmi was not the original choice for the film, and several leading actresses of that time refused to do it. The film went on to become a major critical success, and Azmi won her first National Film Award for Best Actress and her first nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her performance. Qurratulain Hyder wrote that Azmi lives her role and acts like

324-578: A comeback as theatre director in 1998 and has continued to work in this field till date. He has directed many theatre plays since 1963 to 2014. His next film Aaj Phir Jeene ki Tamannaa Hai , starring Shatrughan Sinha , Rekha , Satish Shah and Hrishitaa Bhatt is yet to be released. The film is produced by Punam S Sinha and Kamia Mulhotra. Besides his dedication towards films, Talwar has been an Ardent Theatre personality as well. His association with theatre goes back to his childhood days when he joint Juhu Art Theatre which had personalities as members in

378-454: A course in acting at the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune . She explained the reason she decided to attend the film institute, saying: "I had the privilege of watching Jaya Bhaduri in a (Diploma) film, Suman , and I was completely enchanted by her performance because it was unlike the other performances I had seen. I really marvelled at that and said, 'My god, if by going to

432-485: A flat fee for the project, as a weekly salary, or as a daily rate. A handful of top Hollywood directors made from $ 133.3 million to $ 257.95 million in 2011, such as James Cameron and Steven Spielberg , but the average United States film directors and producers made $ 89,840 in 2018. A new Hollywood director typically gets paid around $ 400,000 for directing their first studio film. The average annual salary in England

486-557: A form of progressivism and social reformism which offer a realistic portrayal of Indian society , its customs and traditions. In addition to acting, Azmi is a social and women's rights activist . She is married to poet and screenwriter Javed Akhtar . She is a Goodwill Ambassador of the United Nations Population Fund (UNPFA). In appreciation of Azmi's life and works, the President of India gave her

540-474: A four-day march for communal harmony from New Delhi to Meerut . Among the social groups whose causes she has advocated are slum dwellers, displaced Kashmiri Pandit migrants and victims of the earthquake at Latur ( Maharashtra , India). The 1993 Mumbai riots appalled her and she emerged as a forceful critic of religious extremism. In 1995, she reflected on her life as an activist in an interview in Rungh. After

594-400: A general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue, while others control every aspect and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners. Other directors edit or appear in their films or compose music score for their films. A film director's task is to envisage

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648-546: A lonely woman, Radha, in love with her sister-in-law. The on-screen depiction of lesbianism (perhaps the first in Indian cinema) drew severe protests and threats from many social groups as well as by the Indian authorities. Her role as Radha brought her international recognition with the Silver Hugo Award for Best Actress at the 32nd Chicago Film Festival and Jury Award for Best Actress at Outfest , Los Angeles. She

702-516: A madam of a whorehouse. For this role, she put on weight and even chewed betel . Real-life portrayals continued in almost all her films. These included the role of a woman named Jamini resigned to her destiny in Khandhar and a typical urban Indian wife, mother and homemaker in Masoom (1983). She mainly acted in experimental and parallel Indian cinema. Deepa Mehta 's Fire (1996) depicts her as

756-594: A married man with 2 children ( Farhan Akhtar and Zoya Akhtar ). Indian actresses Farah Naaz and Tabu are her nieces and Tanvi Azmi is her sister-in-law. Azmi has been a committed social activist, active in supporting child survival and fighting AIDS and injustice in real life. She has campaigned against ostracism of victims of AIDS . A small film clip issued by the Government of India depicts an HIV positive child cuddled in her arms and saying: "She does not need your rejection, she needs your love". In

810-554: A member of the Rajya Sabha , the upper house of the Indian parliament . In 1998, the United Nations Population Fund appointed her as its Goodwill Ambassador for India. In 2019 Indian general election , she actively campaigned for Kanhaiya Kumar who contested from Begusarai , Bihar on a Communist Party of India (CPI) ticket. Azmi is regarded as one of the greatest actors of Indian cinema . Rediff.com placed her as

864-542: A nominated (unelected) membership of the Rajya Sabha , the upper house of parliament. Azmi was born into a family, in Hyderabad , India. Her parents are Kaifi Azmi (an Indian poet) and Shaukat Azmi (a veteran Indian People's Theatre Association stage actress), both of whom were members of the Communist Party of India . Her brother, Baba Azmi , is a cinematographer , and her sister-in-law, Tanvi Azmi ,

918-465: A number of international projects. One of India's most acclaimed actresses, Azmi is known for her portrayals of distinctive, often unconventional female characters across several genres. She has won a record of five National Film Awards for Best Actress , in addition to six Filmfare Awards and several international accolades. The Government of India honoured her with the Padma Shri in 1998 and

972-481: A previous night's communist social that ran late. Early in childhood, the environment in her home inculcated into her a respect for family ties, social and human values; and her parents always supported her to develop a passion for intellectual stimulation and growth. Azmi attended Queen Mary School, Mumbai . She completed a graduate degree in Psychology from St. Xavier's College, Mumbai , and followed it with

1026-551: A recent trend of more attention to women directors in India, brought on partly by Amazon and Netflix moving into the industry. Of the movies produced in Nollywood , women direct only 2%. There are many different awards for film directing, run by various academies , critics associations , film festivals , and guilds . The Academy Award for Best Director and Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director are considered among

1080-561: A seasoned dramatic actress in her first film. She went on to receive the National Film Award for Best Actress consecutively for three years from 1983 to 1985 for her roles in Arth , Khandhar and Paar . Godmother (1999) earned her a record-setting fifth National Film Award, taking her tally to five. Azmi's acting has been characterised by a real-life depiction of the roles played by her. In Mandi (1983), she acted as

1134-403: A way to translate a screenplay into a fully formed film, and then to realize this vision. To do this, they oversee the artistic and technical elements of film production. This entails organizing the film crew in such a way to achieve their vision of the film and communicating with the actors. This requires skills of group leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in

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1188-520: A yearly salary from ¥4 million to ¥10 million, and the Directors Guild of Japan requires a minimum payment of ¥3.5 million. Korean directors make 300 million to 500 million won for a film, and beginning directors start out making around 50 million won. A Korean director who breaks into the Chinese market might make 1 billion won for a single film. According to a 2018 report from UNESCO ,

1242-740: Is a film criticism concept that holds that a film director's film reflects the director's personal creative vision, as if they were the primary "auteur" (the French word for "author"). In spite of—and sometimes even because of—the production of the film as part of an industrial process, the auteur's creative voice is distinct enough to shine through studio interference and the collective process. Some film directors started as screenwriters , film editors , producers , actors , or film critics , as well as directing for similar media like television and commercials. Several American cinematographers have become directors, including Barry Sonnenfeld , originally

1296-569: Is a stage for young students to showcase their talent in front of dignitaries of the industry. IPTA's ICDC completed its 43rd year in 2014. Talwar's play Sheeshon ka Masiha (IPTA) written by Urdu writer Dr.Fayyaz Ahmed Faizi, is based on the life and times of Faiz Ahmed Faiz the poet and writer. Also his play Kaifi Aur Main (IPTA), which is based on the autobiographical work of the poet, writer, lyricist and freedom fighter Kaifi Azmi 's wife Shaukat Azmi . The play highlights her journey of life and love with her husband Kaifi Azmi. The cast of both

1350-413: Is also an actress. Azmi was named at the age of eleven by Ali Sardar Jafri . Her parents used to call her Munni. Baba Azmi was named by Prof. Masood Siddiqui as Ahmer Azmi. Her parents had an active social life, and their home was always thriving with people and activities of the communist party. It was not unusual for her to wake up in the morning and find members of the communist party sleeping about, from

1404-605: Is dramatic, she is quirky and she´s bang on. A natural, her carefully restrained performance makes you smile at her lament about professionalism and loyalty. Although she is supported by a sterling cast, this is a satire which is all hers. See her spirited performances in Morning Raga , Masoom and Ankur as well." She has acted in more than one hundred Hindi films , both in the mainstream as well as in Parallel Cinema . Several of her films have received attention in

1458-738: Is £50,440, in Canada is $ 62,408, and in Western Australia it can range from $ 75,230 to $ 97,119. In France, the average salary is €4000 per month, paid per project. Luc Besson was the highest paid French director in 2017, making €4.44 million for Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets . That same year, the top ten French directors' salaries in total represented 42% of the total directors' salaries in France. Film directors in Japan average

1512-619: The 11 September 2001 attacks , she opposed the advice of the grand mufti of Jama Masjid calling upon the Muslims of India to join the people of Afghanistan in their fight by retorting that the leader go there alone. Since 1989, she has been a member of the National Integration Council headed by the Prime Minister of India ; a member of National AIDS Commission (of India); and was nominated (in 1997) as

1566-464: The FTII in 1973 and signed on to Khwaja Ahmad Abbas ' Faasla and began work on Kanti Lal Rathod's Parinay as well. Her first release, however, was Shyam Benegal 's directorial debut Ankur (1974). Belonging to the art-house genre of neo-realistic films, Ankur is based on a true story which occurred in Hyderabad . Azmi played Lakshmi, a married servant and villager who drifts into an affair with

1620-516: The Padma Bhushan in 2012. The daughter of poet Kaifi Azmi and stage actress Shaukat Azmi , she is an alumna of Film and Television Institute of India of Pune . Azmi made her film debut in 1974 with Ankur and soon became one of the leading actresses of parallel cinema, then a new-wave movement of art films known for their serious content and realism and sometimes received government patronage. Several of her films have been cited as

1674-600: The Singapore Repertory Theatre Company, acting in Ingmar Bergman 's adaptation of Ibsen 's A Doll's House , which was directed by Rey Buono. She toured the UK , Dubai and India with British production Happy Birthday Sunita by Theatre Company RIFCO Arts in 2014. Pointing out the differences in all these media, she once remarked that theatre was really the actor's medium; the stage

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1728-1123: The Berlin/Brandenburg TV station RBB (Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting) and ARTE . In recent decades American directors have primarily been coming out of USC , UCLA , AFI , Columbia University , and NYU , each of which is known for cultivating a certain style of filmmaking. Notable film schools outside of the United States include Beijing Film Academy , Centro de Capacitación Cinematográfica in Mexico City, Dongseo University in South Korea, FAMU in Prague, Film and Television Institute of India , HFF Munich , La Fémis in Paris, Tel Aviv University , and Vancouver Film School . Film directors usually are self-employed and hired per project based on recommendations and industry reputation. Compensation might be arranged as

1782-528: The Coen brothers' Director of Photography; Wally Pfister , cinematographer on Christopher Nolan 's three Batman films made his directorial debut with Transcendence (2014). Despite the misnomer, assistant director has become a completely separate career path and is not typically a position for aspiring directors, but there are exceptions in some countries such as India where assistant directors are indeed directors-in-training. Many film directors have attended

1836-589: The Film Institute I can achieve that, that's what I want to do.'" Azmi eventually topped the list of successful candidates of 1972. Shabana Azmi does not immediately fit into her rustic surroundings; but her poise and her personality are never in doubt, and in two high-pitched scenes she pulls out all her stops and firmly establishes herself as one of our finest dramatic actresses." — Satyajit Ray on Azmi's performance in Ankur (1975) Azmi graduated from

1890-467: The cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , producers , film editors or actors. Other film directors have attended film school. Directors use different approaches. Some outline

1944-817: The commercially successful Manmohan Desai 's Amar Akbar Anthony and Parvarish and Prakash Mehra 's Jwalamukhi . Azmi starred in Hollywood productions such as John Schlesinger 's Madame Sousatzka (1988) and Roland Joffe 's City of Joy (1992). Azmi debuted on the small screen in a soap opera titled Anupama . She portrayed a modern Indian woman who, while endorsing traditional Indian ethos and values, negotiated more freedom for herself. She has participated in many stage plays: notable among them include M. S. Sathyu 's Safed Kundali (1980), based on The Caucasian Chalk Circle ; and Feroz Abbas Khan 's Tumhari Amrita with actor Farooq Sheikh , which ran for five years. She toured Singapore on an assignment with

1998-422: The director ensures that all individuals involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film. The set of varying challenges they have to tackle has been described as "a multi-dimensional jigsaw puzzle with egos and weather thrown in for good measure". It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when and how they will work again, if at all. Generally,

2052-435: The director works with the editor to edit the material into the director's cut . Well-established directors have the " final cut privilege ", meaning that they have the final say on which edit of the film is released. For other directors, the studio can order further edits without the director's permission. The director is one of the few positions that requires intimate involvement during every stage of film production . Thus,

2106-478: The film industry throughout the world has a disproportionately higher number of male directors compared to female directors, and they provide as an example the fact that only 20% of films in Europe are directed by women. 44% of graduates from a sample of European films schools are women, and yet women are only 24% of working film directors in Europe. However only a fraction of film school graduates aspire to direct with

2160-465: The intercollegiate drama competitions as a director and actor. In 1968, Talwar joint IPTA (Indian Peoples Theatre Association) Bombay. He has done many plays with IPTA over the years. Some of his works are Shatranj Ke Mohre which inaugurated in 1971, Tanhai, Apan Toh Bhai Aise Hain, Kashmakash, Hum Deewane Hum Parwane, Aalll izz well with Shuturmurg, etc. In 1972, Talwar formulated and organised IPTA's first ICDC (Intercollegiate Drama Competition) which

2214-674: The international arena and Scandinavian countries, including at the Norwegian Film Institute , the Smithsonian Institution and the American Film Institute . She has appeared in a number of foreign films, most of which have won international acclaim, including John Schlesinger 's Madame Sousatzka , Nicholas Klotz 's Bengali Night , Roland Joffe 's City of Joy , Channel 4 's Immaculate Conception , Blake Edwards ' Son of

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2268-431: The likes of Balraj Sahni. Udhali Hoi Kudi a Punjabi play was his prominent first play with Balraj Sahni in 1957. He was active as a theatre actor from 1959 to 1974. Acting took a back seat from 1975 to 1998 when he chose to be assistant director, later director in films, then tele films, tele serials and as theatre director. He made a comeback to theatre acting in 1999. During his college days he actively participated in

2322-472: The majority entering the industry in other roles. In Hollywood, women make up only 12.6 percent of film directors, as reported by a UCLA study of the 200 top theatrical films of 2017, but that number is a significant increase from 6.9% in 2016. As of 2014, there were only 20 women in the Directors Guild of Japan out of the 550 total members. Indian film directors are also greatly underrepresented by women, even compared to other countries, but there has been

2376-581: The most prestigious awards for directing, and there is even an award for worst directing given out during the Golden Raspberry Awards . Shabana Azmi Shabana Azmi (born 18 September 1950) is an Indian actress of film, television and theatre. Her career in the Hindi film industry has spanned over 160 films , mostly within independent and neorealist parallel cinema , though her work extended to mainstream films as well as

2430-548: The nature of professional relationships that occur during film production. A full degree course can be designed for up to five years of studying. Future directors usually complete short films during their enrollment. The National Film School of Denmark has the student's final projects presented on national TV. Some film schools retain the rights for their students' works. Many directors successfully prepared for making feature films by working in television. The German Film and Television Academy Berlin consequently cooperates with

2484-633: The plays is Shabana Azmi , Javed Akhtar and Jaswinder Singh . Apart from IPTA, Talwar has done some plays with various film personalities. These plays have been performed in many countries around the world. The plays are Khoobsurat (1998) with Pooja Bhatt , Maa Retire Hoti Hai (1999) and Dr Mukta (2000) with Jaya Bachchan , Pati, Patni aur Main (2002) with Shatrughan Sinha and Chupkay Chupkay with Zeenat Aman and then Kabuliwala / Kabuliwala Laut Aaya starring Tanvi Azmi . In 2010 he made his debut in TV as an actor when he played "Bhawanji Bha" in

2538-415: The position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one. It has been said that "20-hour days are not unusual". Some directors also take on additional roles, such as producing, writing or editing. Under European Union law, the film director is considered the "author" or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory . Auteur theory

2592-407: The restrictions of the film's budget and the demands of the producer and studio (such as the need to get a particular age rating ). Directors also play an important role in post-production . While the film is still in production, the director sends " dailies " to the film editor and explains their overall vision for the film, allowing the editor to assemble an editor's cut . In post-production,

2646-746: The seventh-greatest Indian actress of all time. In 2022, she was placed in Outlook India ' s 75 Best Bollywood Actresses list. Azmi was placed first in Rediff.com ' s "Best Bollywood Debut Ever" list, for her film Ankur . In 2023, Rajeev Masand named Azmi as one of Hindi cinema's best actresses of all time. Times of India placed her in its "50 Beautiful Faces" list. Filmfare included Azmi's performances in Mandi and Arth in its list of "80 Iconic Performances" of Bollywood, placed 37th and 27th respectively. For Mandi , it noted, "Shabana

2700-403: The sole superiors of the director are the producers and the studio that is financing the film, although sometimes the director can also be a producer of the same film. The role of a director differs from producers in that producers typically manage the logistics and business operations of the production, whereas the director is tasked with making creative decisions. The director must work within

2754-477: The stressful, fast-paced environment of a film set. Moreover, it is necessary to have an artistic eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew, thus, excellent communication skills are a must. Because the film director depends on the successful cooperation of many different creative individuals with possibly strongly contradicting artistic ideals and visions, they also need to possess conflict-resolution skills to mediate whenever necessary. Thus

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2808-1031: Was Yash Chopra 's assistant director between 1969 and 1979 and directed several films 1977 onwards. He is best known for directing – Baseraa (1981) which garnered him a Filmfare Best Director Award nomination and Doosra Aadmi . He is also known for directing numerous plays in theatre. Talwar began as an assistant director in 1969 on the film Ittefaq to Yash Chopra and assisted Yash Chopra in 7 films from 1969 to 1979. Talwar's first film as director, Doosra Aadmi (1977), which starred Raakhee , Rishi Kapoor , Neetu Singh , Deven Verma , Parikshat Sahni and in special appearance Shashi Kapoor . His debut film received several Filmfare Award nominations for its lead heroine Rakhee. He co-produced only one movie – Noorie in 1978. Among his 7 directorial ventures, only Basera and Zamana (1985) managed to be successful. He made his debut as Theatre Director in 1963 and continued as one till 1983 after which he decided to concentrate on making films and tele films and tele serials. He made

2862-679: Was the actor's space; cinema was the director's medium; and television was a writer's medium. Azmi was engaged to Benjamin Gilani in late 1970s, but the engagement was called off. Later, she married Javed Akhtar , a lyricist, poet and scriptwriter in Hindi films, on 9 December 1984, making her a member of the Akhtar-Azmi film family . It was Javed Akhtar's second marriage, the first being with another Hindi film scriptwriter, Honey Irani . However Azmi's parents objected to her being involved with

2916-901: Was the initial choice for Deepa Mehta's Water (2005), which was planned to hit the floors in 2000. A few scenes were already shot. Azmi had to shave her head with Nandita Das to portray the character of Shakuntala. However, due to political reasons, the film was shelved and later shot in 2005 with Seema Biswas replacing Azmi. Some of her notable films are Shyam Benegal 's Nishant (1975), Junoon (1978), Susman (1978), and Antarnaad (1992); Satyajit Ray 's Shatranj Ke Khilari (The Chess Players) ; Mrinal Sen 's Khandhar , Genesis , Ek Din Achanak ; Saeed Mirza 's Albert Pinto Ko Gussa Kyon Aata Hai ; Sai Paranjpye 's Sparsh and Disha ; Gautam Ghose 's Paar ; Aparna Sen 's Picnic and Sati ; Mahesh Bhatt 's Arth ; and Vinay Shukla 's Godmother . Her other films include

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