103-601: Ranchi University is a public state university in Ranchi , Jharkhand , India . It was established in 1960 by an Act of the Bihar legislature. Ranchi University offers degrees in undergraduate, post-graduate, M.Phil. and doctorate programs. Before the establishment of Ranchi University, all degree colleges of the present-day Jharkhand (except Santhal Parganas) were affiliated to the Patna University . Ranchi University
206-651: A civil enclave , sharing airside facilities with INS Utkrosh of the Indian Navy . The airport has a single runway of 3,290 m (10,794 ft) in length, with the civilian terminal operated by the Airports Authority of India with air traffic operations managed by the Indian Navy. Andaman and Nicobar Command of Indian Armed Forces operates air bases of Car Nicobar AFS , INS Kohassa , INS Utkrosh and INS Baaz . There are 23 ports along
309-550: A central library that has collections of more than 1,00,000 books. The department of Anthropology at Ranchi University has a museum that showcases a variety of exhibits including ethnographic collections of central Indian states and Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Ranchi University is recognized under Section 12B of the UGC Act. In 2017, the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) awarded 'B+' grade to
412-744: A chief commissioner based out of Port Blair. The construction of the Cellular Jail started in 1896 and was completed in 1906. The jail was used to house political prisoners and independence activists away from the Indian mainland. During the Second World War , the islands were invaded by the Japanese as a part of their attack on the allies in 1942. Port Blair was captured by the Japanese on 23 March 1942 and established control over
515-482: A deputy commissioner. The Calcutta High Court has jurisdiction over the islands with a permanent seat at Port Blair. The indigenous communities have their own system of administration. There are long term settlements known as baraij and short-term settlements known as chang . The coast-dwellers ( aryoto ) have semi-permanent settlements and the interior groups ( eremtaga ) dwell on temporary settlements, which enable them to migrate during dry seasons. As of 2022 ,
618-415: A hilly topography and its dense tropical forests a combination that produces a relatively moderate climate compared to the rest of the state. However, due to the uncontrolled deforestation and development of the city, the average temperature has increased. Although Ranchi has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Climate Classification : Cwa ), its location and the forests surrounding it combine to produce
721-797: A mastermind in a racket for appointing undeserving people to the teaching and non-teaching staff of 40 colleges affiliated to the Ranchi University. Student leaders viewed arrest as a politically motivated raid by Vigilance department under the direction of Bihar Government. D.P. Gupta , the then vice chancellor of Ranchi University, took severe measures to make an audit of Ranchi University books from 1985 onwards. The audit revealed mass scale bungling of exam and registration fees running into crores with university officers colluding with college principals in submitting fake bank challans, payment of bogus T.A. bills worth lakhs of rupees, unlimited over time payments and non maintenance of even cash books over
824-652: A new 15 MW diesel power plant was established in South Andaman with Japanese assistance. Commissioned in June 2020, a 10 MW photovoltaic power station is operated by NLC India in Port Blair. In 2022, the government proposed additional power plants and infrastructure to be developed in Great Nicobar. 4G mobile service is provided by various telecom operators in the islands. Till 2020, Internet
927-540: A population of 1,073,427, The urban agglomeration had a population of 14,56,528 making it the 32nd most populous urban agglomeration in India. Males constitute 52.1% of the population and females 47.9%. Ranchi has an average literacy rate of 87.68%. The city witnessed a sudden surge in population after the creation of the new state of Jharkhand in 2000. Owing to the rising employment opportunities and opening of numerous regional and state level offices, banks and FMCG companies,
1030-552: A study done by ASSOCHAM in late 2010, Ranchi was the highest employment generating Tier-III cities in India followed by Mangalore and Mysore. MECON Ltd Company has its headquarters in Ranchi at Ashok Nagar. Jharkhand Industrial Area Development Association has its office in Namkum . Central Coalfields also has its headquarters in Ranchi. Ranchi houses a number of companies. Along with Jamshedpur , Dhanbad , Bokaro and Giridih it
1133-644: Is a center for numerous sports activities, including cricket, hockey, football, and many others. The 34th National Games were successfully held in Ranchi in February 2011. An International Cricket stadium with an indoor stadium and a practice ground has been constructed. So far, this stadium has hosted three One day International matches and one T20 International match. Apart from that, this stadium has hosted two IPL 6 matches for Kolkata Knight Riders , three champions league 2013 matches and Celebrity Cricket League matches for Bhojpuri Dabanggs. A tennis academy, which
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#17327902599551236-522: Is discovered by auditors of Government of Jharkhand , which pertains to 12 April 2010 amounting Rs.20078683, year 2003-2004 to May 2010 amounting Rs.13198183. Under Ranchi Women's College embezzlement is caught for the year 2006-2007;2007-2008 amounting Rs.7382531. And under Science & Technology embezzlement is caught for the year 2000-2001;2001-2002;2002-2003,2003-2004 amounting Rs.847823 & Rs.21855. Ranchi Ranchi ( / ˈ r ɑː n tʃ i / ; Hindi: [ˈrãːtʃiː] )
1339-591: Is one of the industrial hubs of the city. Here are the following companies which are based in Ranchi and also headquartered in Ranchi itself: Mecon limited , Central Coalfields , Heavy Engineering Corporation , Central Mine Planning and Design Institute , Jharkhand Rajya Gramin Bank and Dzinex Technology The main and major businesses here are located in Lalpur , Hindpiri , Lower Bazaar, Upper Bazaar and Doranda STPI Ranchi has set up its branch at Namkum , Ranchi. It
1442-705: Is part of the Ranchi Lok Sabha Constituency . Sanjay Seth won the seat in the 2019 General Election and represents this constituency at the Lok Sabha as a Member of Parliament . Ranchi is part of the Ranchi Vidhan Sabha Constituency and the representative Member of Legislative Assembly at the Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha is Chandreshwar Prasad Singh . Singh has held the post since 2000, with
1545-666: Is rapidly growing its economy, and certain parks, special economic zones and industrial areas are being developed. Of late, new sectors and modern areas have been built for the city's development. Ranchi is also nicknamed the City of Waterfalls . According to one popular tale, Thomas Wilkinson, who was a British captain, choose Archi (an Oraon tribal village) as headquarters. Archi means Bamboo forest in local Nagpuri dialect . The British inadvertently named "Archi" as "Ranchi". Captain Wilkinson renamed Kishunpur village as Rachi. Up to 1927,
1648-549: Is the capital city and second largest city of the Indian state of Jharkhand and also the administrative headquarter of Ranchi district . Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement, which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar , northern Odisha , western West Bengal and the eastern area of what is present-day Chhattisgarh . The Jharkhand state was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving out
1751-466: Is the official language of the region, while English is declared an additional official language for communication purposes. The islands form a part of the union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and is administered by a Lieutenant Governor on behalf of the Government of India. The union territory was established in 1956 with a chief commissioner as the head of the administration. In 1982,
1854-483: Is the prominent religion of Ranchi followed by 64.31% of the population. Islam is the second most followed religion in the city by 16.42% of the people. Minorities are Christians 8.52%, Sikhs 0.39%, Jains 0.22%, Buddhists 0.06%, those that did not state a religion are 0.35%, and others are 9.72%. The municipal corporation covers an area of 175 km (68 sq mi) and is divided into 55 administrative wards, each represented by an elected corporator. At
1957-539: Is trying to protect the remnant population by providing access to healthcare facilities, communication and social engagement. The Andamanese people speak about a dozen endangered Andamanese languages, which belong to two families, Great Andamanese and Ongan that are unrelated to each other or to any other language group. There are two unattested languages: Sentinelese , spoken by Sentinelese people, who refuse contact with outsiders, which might be related to Ongan as per Anvita Abbi and Jangil , which became extinct in
2060-776: Is usually an IT Park , which houses many IT companies. It is being planned to build more parks like this. OFFCO Park is another park which is built here. It is also a large and famous business park. Lalpur , Doranda and Hindpiri are the business districts and financial districts in the city and the state. This place houses several shopping malls. Whole of Ranchi has several shopping malls which include: Nucleus Mall , Mall E Decor, JD Hi-Street Mall , Ranchi Central Mall , Laxmi Tower, Mall of Ranchi, City Center (Centre) Mall, Big Mall, Spring City Mall, Arakshan Shopping Mall, Shelter Mall, Ranchi Green City, Artic Mall, City Center or City Centre, City Mall and Galaxia Mall . There are many other upcoming shopping malls and commercial projects Ranchi
2163-848: The Cellular Jail , Chatham Saw Mill, Forest Museum, Samudrika Naval Marine Museum, Anthropological Museum, Fisheries Aquarium, Science Center and Carbyn's cove in Port Blair; Bharatpur, Lakshmanpur and Sitapur beaches in Shaheed Dweep ; Elephant and Radhanagar beaches in Swaraj Dweep ; Hudi tikri, Red, Bird and Bat islands, Amkunj beach near Rangat; Dhaninallah mangroves and Karmatang beach near Mayabunder; limestone caves and mud volcanoes near Diglipur; Craggy island and Ross & Smith islands and various national parks and protected sanctuaries. The islands are served by Veer Savarkar International Airport near Port Blair which has regular flights to major cities in India. The airport operates as
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#17327902599552266-485: The GSDP was ₹ 103 billion (US$ 1.2 billion). Agriculture is a major occupation with nearly 50% of the population engaged in the sector. Only about 48,675 hectares (120,280 acres) of land, which is about 6% of the total land area, can be used for agriculture. Paddy is the main food crop, grown in about 20% of the arable land. Most of the food for consumption is imported from mainland India. Coconut and arecanut are
2369-703: The Lieutenant Governor replaced the Chief Commissioner as the head of administration. In 1981, a "Pradesh council" with councillors as representatives of the people was constituted to advise the Lieutenant Governor. The territory sends one representative to Lok Sabha of the Indian Parliament from its Andaman and Nicobar Islands Lok Sabha constituency . The territory is divided into three districts, each headed by
2472-709: The North Sentinel Island , home to the Sentinelese people , an uncontacted tribe . The name Andaman might have been derived from Handuman , after the Indian God Hanuman from the Hindu epic Ramayana . The place was called with a similar name by the Malay , who used to be involved in slave trade in the region. The place was also referred by various names such as Angademan by Ptolemy in
2575-784: The Pahari Mandir premise. Rici is name for Black Kite ( Milvus migrans ) in Mundari language, the modern-day landmark of Ranchi city, the Pahari Mandir, is also known as Rici Buru (रिचि बुरु) - the hill of the kites, and the city originated on the foothills of Rici Buru with the construction of Bada Talab by Commissioner Thomas Wilkinson at the same site. The earliest evidence of use of several iron slag, pot sheds, iron tools found in Chota Nagpur region around 1400 BCE. Magadha Empire exercised indirect control over
2678-621: The South-West Frontier agency in the village of Kishunpur, which he renamed into Ranchi after the hamlet located at the foot of the Hill. In 1855, Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo declared independence from British rule. British attacked Satranji but he defeated British forces. He ruled independently for two years. In the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo led soldiers of Ramgarh Battalion with Madhav Singh who
2781-481: The last Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha election being in 2019. Both politicians belong to the Bharatiya Janata Party . The various infrastructure and civic services demands of the city are met by different entities, including Ranchi Municipal Corporation, state government departments, and parastatal organisations. The Ranchi Master Plan 2037 was created by a private consultant firm under the clientship of
2884-723: The re-organization in 1956. The islands have been developed into a key defence establishment since the 1980 due to its strategic location in the Bay of Bengal across the Strait of Malacca . On 26 December 2004, the coasts of the Andaman and Nicobar islands experienced 10 m (33 ft) high tsunami waves following an undersea earthquake in the Indian Ocean which resulted in more than 2,000 casualties, 46,000 injuries and rendering at least 40,000 homeless. The locals and tourists on
2987-666: The 1920s. Indigenous to the Nicobar Islands are the Shompen language , spoken by Shompen people and the five Nicobarese languages , which form part of the Austroasiatic language family and are spoken by about 29,000 people or 7.6% of the population. The majority of the population, however, are speakers of immigrant languages which include Bengali (28.5%), Tamil (15.2%), Telugu (13.2%), Hindi (12.9%), Malayalam (7.2%). Sadri (5.5%), and Kurukh (4%). Hindi
3090-521: The 2nd century CE and Angamanian by Marco Polo in 13th century CE. Nicobar, which was located in the sea route connecting South India to South East Asia , was known as Nakkavaram , meaning "open/naked land" borrowed from Tamil language which later became Nicobar . In the middle ages (500-1500 AD), Nicobar was known as Lankhabatus in Arabia , probably a mis-transcription of the name Nakkavaram . An 11th-century CE work Kathasaritsagar indicates
3193-462: The Bihar divisions of Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas . Ranchi is being developed as Smart City because it was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission . Ranchi is also one of the oldest cities in Jharkhand. Jagannath Temple and Ratu Palace are some sights which witnessed the history of Ranchi. Ranchi
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3296-804: The British announced their intention to retain possession of the islands and use them to resettle Anglo-Indians and Anglo-Burmese on these islands. The islands were claimed by the Indian National Congress for India and the Muslim League for Pakistan during the partition negotiations. After the Indian Independence in 1947, the islands became part of the Dominion of India . As per the Constitution of India ,
3399-529: The Islands were designated as the only part D territory in 1950, to be administered by a lieutenant governor appointed by the Government of India . The islands were later used to resettle people displaced during the partition with a substantial number of displaced immigrants establishing agricultural colonies. The islands became a separate union territory administered by the Government of India , following
3502-521: The Japanese. In the years under Japanese occupation, there have been reports of widespread looting , arson, rape and extra judicial killings . Local people were often killed on trivial matters with the largest being the Homfreyganj massacre on 30 January 1944, where 44 local civilians were shot by the Japanese on suspicion of spying. Japanese Vice Admiral Teizo Hara and Major-General Tamenori Sato surrendered to Lieutenant Colonel Nathu Singh ,
3605-572: The Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2011, the positions of mayor and deputy mayor are elected directly i.e. the position holders are voted in by the people themselves. The last municipal election was in 2018 with a voter turnout of 49.3%, up from 38% in the last election in 2013. Asha Lakra and Sanjiv Vijayawargia – both from the Bharatiya Janta Party – won the mayoral and deputy mayoral seats. The 2018 municipal election
3708-678: The National Institute of Transforming India (NITI) Aayog was initiated by Government of India, with the aim of increasing tourist inflows. Foreign tourists are issued Restricted Area Permits (RAP) which gives access to specific areas with conditions. While domestic tourists do not require a permit to visit the accessible parts of the islands, the tribal reserves are forbidden and requires special permission for access. The islands have many beaches due to its long coastline and various water sports are practised including kayaking , scuba diving and parasailing . Major attractions include
3811-466: The Nicobar Islands on 12 December 1755. On 1 January 1756, the Nicobar Islands were made into a Danish colony, first named Nye Danmark (New Denmark) and later Frederiksøerne (Frederick's Islands). The islands were managed from the Danish colony of Tranquebar in the Indian mainland. However, various attempts to settle on the islands were unsuccessful due to repeated outbreaks of malaria , which led to
3914-836: The RU administration, in response to the matter raised in the State Assembly, instructed the heads of the postgraduate departments and the head of the 34 constituent colleges to submit the expenditure receipts of the advance given to them for conducting examinations. The unaccounted expenses date back to so long that the heads of the departments in whose names the money was issued, have either retired or do not hold those posts any longer. In April 2007, university administration lodged an FIR against 24 office staff, involved in embezzlement of funds maintained in Pension and Gratuity Account including other heads of accounts by creating fake documents. It
4017-569: The Ranchi Municipal Corporation, Urban Development and Housing Department, and Ranchi Regional Development Authority. Roads in Ranchi are developed and maintained by the municipal corporation, Jharkhand Government , Ranchi Regional Development Authority, and National Highways Authority of India . The Water Supply Section of the municipal corporation is responsible for issuing water connections, maintaining hand pumps in wards, collecting water usage charges and fines, whereas
4120-484: The Ranchi University. University since its inception has undergone many changes, some were acceptable and others inappropriate. University was unable to audit its financial affairs every year, which made it an easy target for officers and staffs for corrupt practices. It came in light of the Honourable High Court of Jharkhand that the officials were misusing their positions and exploiting the loopholes of
4223-525: The accounts of travellers like Faxian in the 6th century CE and I-T'sing in 7th century CE. In the 11th century CE, Rajendra Chola I of the Chola dynasty of Tamilakam invaded parts of South East Asia using the Nicobar islands as an intermediate naval base. It was part of an established Chola trade route connecting India and South East Asia, with the practice continuing in the subsequent years during
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4326-495: The affiliated colleges and institutions. Professional postgraduate courses (like M.Tech., MD, Ms) are also offered through the affiliated institutions. Admission in the undergraduate liberal arts degree courses is mainly based on the result of the higher secondary (10+2) examination. However, for admission in the undergraduate courses of professional subjects like medicine and engineering, one has to take an entrance examination conducted by national agencies (NEET UG or JEE). Admission in
4429-528: The arrival of post-partition refugees. Ranchi became an 'administrative-cum-industrial' town in 1958 when Heavy Engineering Corporation was set up. The succeeding years saw Ranchi becoming the headquarters for the Steel Authority of India Ltd and Central Coalfields Ltd . The city remained the summer capital of Bihar till the creation of Jharkhand in November 2000, when Ranchi became the capital of
4532-479: The cash crops grown in the Nicobar islands. Other crops include pulses , oilseeds , vegetables like okra , brinjal , cucurbit and radish ; spices and fruits such as mango , sapota , orange, banana, guava and pineapple . Rubber, red oil , palm and cashew are grown on a limited scale in plantations. The territory has an exclusive economic zone of more than 0.6 million sq. km, which contributes to
4635-546: The city witnessed a rapid influx of employment seeking migrants. As per a study done by ASSOCHAM in late 2010, Ranchi was one of the highest employment generating Tier-III cities in India with a share of 16.8%, followed by Mangalore and Mysore . Languages spoken in Ranchi city (2011) Hindi is the lingua franca in Ranchi. Nagpuri is regional language of the region. Hindi is spoken by 799,133, Urdu by 130,457, Bengali by 37,450, Kurukh by 24,762 people, Mundari by 24,858 and Maithili by 16,746 people. Hinduism
4738-490: The coast. There are twelve types of forests that occur in the islands including evergreen , deciduous , mangrove, littoral , bamboo , sub-montane and brackish water forests. North Andaman is characterised by wet evergreen forests with climbing plants , Middle Andaman has moist deciduous forests and South Andaman islands have epiphytic vegetation, mostly ferns and orchids . The North Nicobar islands are mostly barren with grasslands while evergreen forests form
4841-651: The commanding officer of the Rajput Regiment on 15 August 1945, on board the Royal Navy warship HMS Sandbar and the territory was officially handed back over to the British to Brigadier J. A. Salomons, commander of 116th Indian Infantry Brigade , and Chief Administrator Noel Patterson, in a ceremony performed at the Gymkhana Ground in Port Blair on 7 October 1945. During the Partition of India ,
4944-425: The commercial exploitation of which began in the early 20th century. There are about nine national parks , 96 wildlife sanctuaries and one biosphere reserve in the islands. As per the 2011 census , the population was 380,581, of which 202,871 (53.3%) were males and 177,710 (46.7%) were females. The sex ratio was 878 females per 1,000 males. There were a total of 94,551 households and about 143,488 (37.7%) of
5047-593: The constitution. In 2011, there were instances where registrar and financial officer were engaged in embezzlement of funds provided by UGC for paying arrears to Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff. This was a loss for Ranchi University with accused still on loose. The accused son was arrested, with finance officer still absconding. In June 2000, the Vigilance Bureau of the Bihar Government arrested its vice chancellor L.C.C.N. Shahdeo for being involved as
5150-518: The death of the colonists. Between 1778 and 1783, William Bolts tried to establish an Austrian colony on the Nicobar islands, mistakenly assuming that the Danish had abandoned the claims to the islands, renaming them Theresa Islands . In 1789, the British colonised the Andaman islands to set up a naval base and establish a penal colony . In 1794, a first batch of 100 prisoners were sent to
5253-1108: The departments of Bengali, English, Hindi, Sanskrit, Tribal & Regional Language, Urdu, and Philosophy. This faculty consists of the departments of History, Geography, Anthropology, Political Science, Economics, Home Science, Psychology, Sociology, and Commerce. Ranchi University is an affiliating university and has jurisdiction over the higher educational institutes of the five districts of Jharkhand : Ranchi district , Gumla district , Khunti district , Simdega district and Lohardaga district . This university has 15 constituent colleges and 29 affiliate colleges under its jurisdiction. These colleges include Medical College, Nursing College, Engineering College, Law College, Institutes of Management, Institute of Psychiatry etc. The university and its affiliated colleges and institutions offer undergraduate and postgraduate courses in different areas like medical, nursing, engineering, liberal arts, etc. Ranchi University generally offers postgraduate courses in liberal arts in own campus; while professional and liberal undergraduate degree courses are offered through
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#17327902599555356-469: The dominant vegetation in the central and southern islands of the Nicobar group. The forest coverage is estimated to be 86.2% of the total land area with about 2,200 varieties of plants of which 200 are endemic and 1,300 do not occur in mainland India. There are more than 200 species used for timber. There are more than 8300 species of fauna of which 1117 are endemic to the islands. There are about 64 species of reptiles of which half of them are endemic to
5459-505: The earliest civilisations back to 200-300 BCE. The islands have been mentioned by Ptolemy in the 2nd century CE. The Nicobar islands existed on a major trade route connecting India to the South East Asia and had much contact with the outside world for centuries. But there are very few accounts of information as there was no written language with the indigenous people to document their history. The islands have been mentioned in
5562-484: The extinct Dodo . The territory is home for about 896 species of winged insects including 225 butterflies species. There are more than 1350 species of echinoderms and molluscs and 200 species of corals in the seas surrounding the islands. Larger marine species include salt water crocodiles , dugongs , turtles, dolphins and whales. There are more than 1350 species of fishes including 13 fresh water species. The islands are well known for prized shellfish ,
5665-426: The fishing industry. As of 2017 , the region produced 27,526 tonnes of fish, mostly from marine sector with minor contribution from inland fisheries. As of 2008 , there were 1,833 registered small-scale industries with majority being involved in engineering, woodworking and textiles apart from 21 factories. District Industries Centre (DIC) is the body responsible for the development of small and medium industries in
5768-483: The indigenous Andamanese people may have been isolated from other populations during the Middle Paleolithic era, more than 30,000 years ago. Archeological evidence of civilisation has been dated back to 2,200 years. In the 11th century CE, Cholas , one of the three Tamil kingdoms , used the islands as a naval base to launch expeditions in South East Asia. The Danish were the first Europeans to arrive on
5871-486: The island but the settlement was abandoned in 1796. In 1858, the British established a colony near Port Blair . Between 1864 and 1868, Italy tried to buy the island from the Danish. On 16 October 1868, the Danish sold the rights to the Nicobar islands to the British, which was made part of the British India in 1869. In 1872, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands were united under a single command and administered by
5974-465: The island. The provisional control was passed on to the Azad Hind of Subhash Chandra Bose on 29 December 1943, based on the understanding with the Japanese with the islands renamed as Shaheed-Dweep (Martyr Island) and Swaraj-dweep (Self-rule Island). Bose appointed General A. D. Loganathan as the governor of the islands, who had limited power while the real control of the islands remained with
6077-536: The islands in 1755. The islands became part of the British Raj in 1868. During the Second World War , the islands were invaded by the Japanese Empire . After Indian Independence in 1947, the region became a province and later a union territory after the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950. The islands host the Andaman and Nicobar Command , the only geographical command operated jointly by
6180-404: The islands including one high school. As of 2023 , there are 428 schools functioning in the islands with a total enrolment of 86,081 students. Jawaharlal Nehru Rajkeeya Mahavidyalaya was the first institute of higher education, established in 1967. Mahatma Gandhi Government College was established in 1990 and is affiliated to Pondicherry University . Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Government Polytechnic
6283-500: The islands is 901 km (560 mi) away from the mouth of the Hooghly River in the Indian mainland. The territory shares maritime borders with Indonesia located about 165 km (103 mi) to the south, Myanmar located 280 km (170 mi) to the north-east and Thailand located 650 km (400 mi) to the south-east. Indira Point, the southernmost point of India, is located at 6°45'10″N and 93°49'36″E at
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#17327902599556386-412: The islands of which 90 are endemic. The islands' caves are nesting grounds for the Edible-nest swiftlet , whose nests are prized for bird's nest soup . The islands serve as an intermediate resting site for birds such as Horsfield's bronze cuckoo , Zappey's flycatcher and Javan pond heron during long distance migrations . The Nicobar pigeon found in the islands is the closest living relative to
6489-527: The islands suffered the greatest casualties while the indigenous people largely survived unscathed due to movement to high grounds following the oral traditions passed down over generations that warned them to evacuate following earthquakes. The territory consists of 836 islands and islets occupying an area of 8,249 km (3,185 sq mi), of which only 31 are permanently inhabited. The islands extend from 6° to 14° North latitudes and from 92° to 94° East longitudes . The islands are grouped into
6592-447: The islands with a major port at Port Blair and eight other significant ports including Diglipur , Mayabunder , Rangat , Hut Bay , Car Nicobar , Katchal and Campbell Bay . In 2022, the Government of India proposed the development of a new container ship terminal and an airport at Great Nicobar. There are 39 light houses situated across the islands. As of 2018 , there are 422 km (262 mi) long national highways in
6695-424: The islands. Andaman and Nicobar Islands Integrated Development Corporation Limited (ANIIDCO), established in 1988, is responsible for the development and economic growth of the islands. Tourism is one of the major contributors to the economy of the islands. The islands had more than 400,000 visitors in 2016 with a 94% contribution from domestic tourists. In 2018, plans to develop facilities in various islands under
6798-421: The islands. Most of the larger species were introduced by colonists and travellers, some of which became endemic due to their prolonged isolation. There are about 55 mammal species of which 32 are endemic with 26 species of rats and 14 species of bats, the most among the mammals. The endangered Indian elephant can be found in forested or mountainous areas of the islands, which were originally introduced from
6901-507: The mainland to help with the timber extraction in 1883. Endangered and critically endangered species endemic to the islands include the Andaman white-toothed shrew , Andaman spiny shrew , Jenkin's shrew , Nicobar spiny shrew , Nicobar tree shrew , Miller's Nicobar rat , Palm rat , Andaman teal , Nicobar scops owl , Andaman boobook and Darwin's eastern frog . Other large fauna include Wild boar , Spotted deer , Barking deer and Sambar deer . There are about 270 species of birds in
7004-477: The matter through three members committee and found scam did happen. The department has recommended Governor of Jharkhand to take action against the former vice-chancellor Ramesh Kumar Pandey , finance advisor, finance officer and registrar. Scam files went missing from Ranchi University, when Governor of Jharkhand sought progress in action taken against erring officials. Governor has ordered to lodge FIR against erring officers. Embezzlement of total Rs.4 crores
7107-434: The name as Narikel Dweep . Marco Polo termed the island as Necuverann , while the islands were known as Lo-Jan Kuo in China, a translation of Nakkavar with the same meaning. Genetic and cultural studies suggest that the indigenous Andamanese people may have been isolated from other populations during the Middle Paleolithic era, which ended 30,000 years ago. Archeological evidence obtained from middens have been dated
7210-412: The new state. Ranchi lies at 23°22′N 85°20′E / 23.36°N 85.33°E / 23.36; 85.33 near the Tropic of Cancer . The city covers an area of 175 km (68 sq mi) and its average elevation is 651 m above sea level . Ranchi is located in the southern part of the Chota Nagpur plateau , which is the eastern section of the Deccan plateau. Ranchi has
7313-404: The north Andaman islands and south Nicobar islands, separated by the 150 km (93 mi) wide Ten Degree Channel . The Andamans cover an area of 6,408 km (2,474 sq mi) while the Nicobar group covers an area of 1,841 km (711 sq mi). The highest point is the Saddle Peak at 737 m (2,418 ft), located in North Andaman Island. The northernmost point of
7416-458: The north-east and Thailand located 650 km (400 mi) to the south-east. The islands occupy a total land area of approximately 8,249 km (3,185 sq mi) with a population of 380,581 as per the 2011 census . The territory is divided into three districts: Nicobar , South Andaman , and North and Middle Andaman with the capitals at Car Nicobar , Port Blair and Mayabunder respectively. Genetic and cultural studies suggest that
7519-453: The northern Andaman Islands and the southern Nicobar Islands , separated by a 150 km (93 mi) wide channel . The capital and largest city of the territory, Port Blair (officially Sri Vijaya Puram), is located approximately 1,190 km (740 mi) from Chennai and 1,255 km (780 mi) from Kolkata in mainland India . The islands are situated between the Bay of Bengal to
7622-607: The notice of university administration, but no actions were taken. The accused drew salary for 10 years due to lack of efficiency in incompetent authorities. A scandal got caught where teachers drawing pension, retired prior to 2016, had their salary fixed under 7th Pay Commission by University Administration and State Government paid lakhs rupees to University for illegal payments. Salary arrear scam came into light when Ranchi University procured Rs. 99.6 Crores for 1013 teachers, but in legal sense 860 teachers would have to be paid arrears. Department of Higher and Technical Education probed
7725-461: The place was known as Rachi. In his book The Mundas and Their Country , anthropologist Sarat Chandra Roy writes that the name of the city is derived from the Mundari word aranchi or "short stick" used in driving cattle. while other opined that aranchi is bi-weekly market. According to another local story, the name of Ranchi comes from a local bird named "Rici" which was mostly found in
7828-585: The population lived in urban areas. Hinduism (69.5%) is the major religion of people of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands followed by Christianity (21.7%) and Islam (8.5%). The Andaman islands were populated by the indigenous people (the Great Andamanese , the Onge , the Jarawa and the Sentinelese ) who were isolated and spoke Andamanese languages for thousands of years. The Nicobar islands, which
7931-522: The population of islands temporarily increased during colonisation, the population saw a massive spike post-1960s due to the policies of the Union Government that encouraged settlers from other parts of the country. In the early 21st century, the population of indigenous people has drastically dropped and As of 2016 , it was estimated to consist of 44 Great Andamanese, 380 Jarawas, 101 Onges, 15 Sentinelese and 229 Shompens. The Government of India
8034-433: The postgraduate courses is based on undergraduate degree results and also the performance of the entrance examination conducted either by the university or by the national agency. The aspirants for research-level programs have to take an entrance examination followed by an interview. Ranchi university also has a Directorate of Distance Education for conducting postgraduate studies in distance education. Ranchi University has
8137-547: The reigns of Rajendra II and Kulothunga I . Chola inscriptions from Thanjavur , dated to 1050 CE, describe the islands as Ma-Nakkavaram meaning "great open/naked land" in Tamil. The islands are later mentioned by Marco Polo in the 13th century CE and Friar Oderic in early 14th century CE. The European colonisation on the islands began when settlers from the Danish East India Company arrived on
8240-471: The southern tip of Great Nicobar . The capital and largest city is Port Blair (officially Sri Vijaya Puram ), located 1,190 km (740 mi) from Chennai and 1,255 km (780 mi) from Kolkata on the Indian mainland. Barren Island , the only active volcano in India, is located in the Andaman Sea. The islands have a 1,962 km (1,219 mi) long coast-line. The topography of
8343-641: The state government Drinking Water Supply and Sewerage Department supplies the water. Ranchi is served by Dhurwa Dam . The Health Department of the corporation is responsible for the Solid Waste Management of the city. RMC operates buses in the city and has outsourced this to a private agency. Ranchi is one of the major industrial cities of Eastern India and located in the region called 'Ruhr of India' ( Chota Nagpur ) making it an ideal place for mineral based industries. Ranchi has presence of many well-known government and private organisations in
8446-471: The state with the major highway being the 230.7 km (143.4 mi) long NH 4 connecting Port Blair and Diglipur. There is no single power grid connecting all the islands and independent power houses caters to the power requirements of individual islands. The islands have an installed power capacity of 68.46 MW with majority of the power generated from diesel power plants and a single hydroelectric powerplant of 5.25 MW on Kalpong river. In 2016,
8549-416: The territory varies significantly across various islands. The islands may have sandy, rocky sandstone or marshy beaches on the coastlines and might be surrounded by shoals and coral reefs . The altitude varies significantly from completely flat islands to gradually raising topography from the coast to the interior in larger islands. The islands are generally surrounded by shallow seas of varying depths in
8652-635: The territory, which lasted until the reign of the Ashoka . Armies of Samudra Gupta passed through the region on their expedition to the Deccan . In the 4th century CE, Nagvanshi king Raja Pratap Rai chose Chutia as his capital which is now a place in Ranchi. Few ruins of Chutia trace back to the 2nd century CE. With the expansion of the Mughal Empire , the sovereign status of the Nagvanshi dynasty
8755-705: The three major wings of the Indian Armed Forces : the Army , the Air Force and the Navy . While Hindi and English are the official languages, the major spoken languages include Bengali , Tamil and Telugu . Indigenous people speak any of the Andamanese or Nicobarese family of languages. Hinduism is the majority religion in the union territory, with a significant Christian minority. The islands include
8858-648: The time of the creation of the state of Jharkhand in 2000, the Bihar Municipal Act, 1922 was adapted as the Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2000 to govern all ULBs in the new state. Ranchi Municipal Corporation was governed by its own municipal act, the Ranchi Municipal Corporation Act, 2001. With the enactment of the Jharkhand Municipal Act 2011, these two ceased to be in effect and the 2011 became the only governing legislature for all city governments in Jharkhand. Under section 26 of
8961-574: The university is the governor of the state - the Governor of Bihar until the inception of Jharkhand on 15 November 2000 and the Governor of Jharkhand since then. The chief executive of the university is the Vice-Chancellor . Different departments of the Ranchi University was organized into three faculties. This faculty consists of the departments of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geology, Botany, and Zoology. This faculty consists of
9064-572: The university was further divided to create two more universities: – Nilamber Pitamber University , Medininagar in January 2009, and Kolhan University , Chaibasa in August 2009. At present, Ranchi University has jurisdiction only over the colleges of the five districts of Jharkhand, namely, Ranchi, Gumla, Khunti, Simdega, and Lohardaga. Like most state universities in India, the Chancellor of
9167-568: The unusually pleasant climate for which it is known. Summer temperatures range from 20 to 42 °C, winter temperatures from 0 to 25 °C. December and January are the coolest months, with temperatures dipping to the freezing point in some areas ( Kanke ). The annual rainfall is about 1,430 mm (56.34 inches). From June to September the rainfall is about 1,100 mm. Ranchi has been ranked 32nd best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India. As of 2011 India census, Ranchi Municipal Corporation has
9270-676: The vicinity of city. SAIL-R&D , MECON.Ltd , Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (Marine Diesel Engine Project), Central Coalfields , CMPDI.Ltd, Subarnarekha Hydel Project ( JSEB ), Usha Martin.Ltd (Wire Rope Division), DVC , STPI-Ranchi , Heavy Engineering Corp. , Palriwal Industries, Pensol India, Waxpol Industries, Jharkhand Mega Food Park etc. are the prominent industries here. The Federation of Jharkhand Chamber of Commerce & Industries (FJCCI), ASSOCHAM , MSME-DI and JIADA are major apex industrial bodies present here. JIADA consists many industrial areas in Ranchi, e.g. – Kokar, Tatisilwai , Namkum etc. are among them. As per
9373-475: The vicinity with some deep natural bays occurring along certain coasts. The islands have a moderate temperature around the year with the average ranging from 23 °C to 31 °C. The islands have a tropical climate with warm summers and not so chill winters. The rainfall is dependent on the monsoons and tropical cyclones are common in late summer. The islands have mangroves interspersed with marshes, coconut trees or dispersed bushy vegetation along
9476-481: The west and the Andaman Sea to the east. The northernmost point is 901 km (560 mi) from the mouth of the Hooghly River . Indira Point , located at 6°45'10″N and 93°49'36″E on the southern tip of Great Nicobar , is the southernmost point of India. The territory shares maritime borders with Indonesia located about 165 km (103 mi) to the south, Myanmar located 280 km (170 mi) to
9579-615: The years. Audit reports revealed financial irregularities and university staff taking help of anti-social elements to terrorise the auditors. In a meeting of the Public Account Committee of the Jharkhand Assembly held in 2006, Account General (Audit) revealed that heads of various departments, lecturers and non teaching employees of Ranchi University have taken Rs. 6.43 crores as an advance and this amount has not been adjusted to their salaries. In June itself,
9682-513: Was Jamadar of Ramgarh Battalion. Pandey Ganpat Rai , Tikait Umrao Singh and Sheikh Bhikhari also joined the rebellion. They attacked the British in Ranchi and compelled to flee them. But later they were defeated by East India company forces in Chatra and in Pithuriya with the help of the king of Pithuriya , Jagatpal Singh and hanged. British made Ranchi as municipality in 1869 and Ranchi
9785-454: Was believed that it involved white collared officials as well. There was also a case, where an external person/non-employee was working in sensitive Examination department for more than nine months without being caught. On every second day there was question paper leak and tapering of answer sheet. Furthermore, three teachers were appointed in the constituent college of the university who forged their degree certificate and marksheet. It came to
9888-430: Was established on 12 July 1960, as a teaching cum affiliating university. When the Ranchi University was first established, all degree colleges of present-day Jharkhand came under its jurisdiction. Bishnudeo Narayan Singh was appointed as the first vice-chancellor of this university. In 1992, Vinoba Bhave University was created by bifurcating the Ranchi University, reducing its jurisdiction area by nearly half. In 2009,
9991-502: Was first termed as a town in the census of 1872. Nagvanshi shifted their capital to Ratu from Palkot in 1870. Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo built Ratu Palace in Ratu in 1900. He donated large tracts of land to build the infrastructure of the city. Freedom fighter Birsa Munda died in the Ranchi jail on 9 June 1900. In 1912, Jyotirindranath Tagore , the eldest brother of Rabindranath Tagore , settled in Ranchi. Tagore Hill , where his house
10094-548: Was inaugurated by Sania Mirza and Shoaib Malik , also runs beside the cricket stadium. Former Indian Cricket Team Captain M.S. Dhoni lives in Ranchi. The Ranchi franchise for Hockey India League was bought by Patel-Uniexcel Group and the team named the Ranchi Rhinos . Andaman and Nicobar Islands The Andaman and Nicobar Islands is a union territory of India comprising 836 islands, of which only 31 are inhabited. The islands are grouped into two main clusters:
10197-411: Was located, has been named after him in remembrance. The last ruler of the Nagvanshi dynasty was Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo (1931–2014). After independence, Ranchi saw significant increase in its population. Its population rate of growth was 3.5% in 1901 to 1941, which increased to 14% in 1951–1971. This was because of increased industrial and educational institutions being set up, as well as
10300-493: Was part of trade routes and was frequented by travellers, were populated by Shompen people before the islands were settled by Nicobarese people , who spoke Austroasiatic languages. The islands include the North Sentinel Island , home to the Sentinelese people, among the only known uncontacted tribe in India. When the islands were first colonised, the population of the natives were estimated to be around 5,000 and while
10403-508: Was provided through satellite links and access was limited. Bharat Broadband Network started work on laying fiber optic submarine cables connecting the islands with Chennai in December 2018. On 10 August 2020, the undersea optical fibre cable went live, which enabled high-speed broadband connections in the islands. The first primary school in the islands was established in 1881. During Independence, 12 schools were functioning on
10506-667: Was technically affected, but they continued to rule and administer independently. Thakur Ani Nath Shahdeo made Satranji as capital of Barkagarh estate near Subarnarekha river . He built Jagannath Temple in 1691. After the Battle of Buxar , Nagvanshi became a vassal of the East India Company . The British reduced Nagvanshi rulers to Jamindar in 1817 due to rebellion of Jagirdars under Nagvanshi against tax imposition by East India Company and directly ruled Chotanagpur. In 1833, Captain Wilkinson established headquarter of
10609-588: Was the first time the mayoral and deputy mayoral candidates in Jharkhand could use political party symbols, while the candidates for councilor seats continued to use symbols allotted to them by the Jharkhand State Election Commission. The next municipal election will take place in 2023. The Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2011 mandates the establishment of ward committees for each ward in the municipality. Though ward committees have been formed in Ranchi, they are not active. Ranchi city
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