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62-577: Skyfall establishes that Silva's real name is Tiago Rodrigues, and that he once specialized in cyberterrorism at Station H, the MI6 station based in British Hong Kong , before Hong Kong was returned to China in 1997. When he ignored orders and hacked into the Chinese government's top secret files, the head of Station H, M ( Judi Dench ), allowed the Chinese to take him prisoner in exchange for

124-673: A Golden Globe Award . Logan's parents immigrated to the United States from Northern Ireland via Canada. The youngest of three children, he has an older brother and sister. Logan grew up in California and Millburn, New Jersey , where he graduated from Millburn High School in 1979. He moved to Chicago to attend Northwestern University , where he graduated in 1983. Logan was a successful playwright in Chicago for many years before turning to screenwriting. His first play, Never

186-475: A business’ network and lead to severe downtime if the issue is not resolved. As of 2016 there have been eighteen conventions and major legal instruments that specifically deal with terrorist activities and cyber terrorism. There are many different motives for cyberattacks, with the majority being for financial reasons. However, there is increasing evidence that hackers are becoming more politically motivated. Cyberterrorists are aware that governments are reliant on

248-687: A concrete definition to cyberterrorism can be hard, due to the difficulty of defining the term terrorism itself. Multiple organizations have created their own definitions, most of which are overly broad. There is also controversy concerning overuse of the term, hyperbole in the media and by security vendors trying to sell "solutions". One way of understanding cyberterrorism involves the idea that terrorists could cause massive loss of life, worldwide economic chaos and environmental damage by hacking into critical infrastructure systems. The nature of cyberterrorism covers conduct involving computer or Internet technology that: The term "cyberterrorism" can be used in

310-407: A cyberterrorist for hire, and began forming a plan to get revenge against M. One of Silva's henchmen, Patrice ( Ola Rapace ), steals a hard drive containing the names and locations of MI6 agents operating undercover within terrorist groups; Silva begins uploading their identities and aliases onto YouTube , resulting in several agents being murdered. Silva then targets MI6 headquarters by sabotaging

372-531: A direct threat to national security. For terrorists, cyber-based attacks have distinct advantages over physical attacks. They can be conducted remotely, anonymously, and relatively cheaply, and they do not require significant investment in weapons, explosives or personnel. The effects can be widespread and profound. Incidents of cyberterrorism are likely to increase. They can be expected to take place through denial-of-service attacks, malware, and other methods that are difficult to envision today. One example involves

434-498: A game of William Tell , in which the target is a shot glass of scotch balanced on Sevérine's head. After Bond misses her, Silva shoots her dead. Bond then kills Silva's men, and, moments later, Royal Navy helicopters arrive to take Silva into custody, having been signaled by an emergency distress radio given to Bond by Q ( Ben Whishaw ). At MI6's underground headquarters in London , M confronts Silva, who taunts her that his plan

496-540: A government inquiry where M is giving a deposition, but fails to kill her. Bond barges in and a gunfight ensues, in which he disrupts Silva's plans and flees, taking M with him. Silva follows Bond and M to "Skyfall", Bond's childhood home in Scotland , where his men open fire, mortally wounding M. He pursues her to a chapel at the side of the house, and begs her to kill them both by firing a bullet through her head and into his. At that moment, however, Bond appears and throws

558-593: A knife into Silva's back, killing him. M dies in Bond's arms shortly afterward. In the following Bond film, Spectre , Ernst Stavro Blofeld ( Christoph Waltz ) reveals that Silva had been a member of SPECTRE , a worldwide criminal organization, along with Le Chiffre ( Mads Mikkelsen ) and Dominic Greene ( Mathieu Amalric ), the villains of Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace , respectively. The scene in which Silva and Bond first meet attracted commentary among critics and fans alike for its homoerotic subtext. In

620-452: A population using electronic means, considering current attack and protective technologies. If death or physical damage that could cause human harm is considered a necessary part of the cyberterrorism definition, then there have been few identifiable incidents of cyberterrorism, although there has been much policy research and public concern. Modern terrorism and political violence is not easily defined, however, and some scholars assert that it

682-505: A standard that is binding outside of their sphere of influence. Depending on context, cyberterrorism may overlap considerably with cybercrime , cyberwar or ordinary terrorism . Eugene Kaspersky , founder of Kaspersky Lab , now feels that "cyberterrorism" is a more accurate term than " cyberwar ". He states that "with today's attacks, you are clueless about who did it or when they will strike again. It's not cyber-war, but cyberterrorism." He also equates large-scale cyber weapons, such as

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744-592: A variety of different ways, but there are limits to its use. An attack on an Internet business can be labeled cyberterrorism, however when it is done for economic motivations rather than ideological it is typically regarded as cybercrime . Convention also limits the label "cyberterrorism" to actions by individuals, independent groups, or organizations. Any form of cyberwarfare conducted by governments and states would be regulated and punishable under international law. The Technolytics Institute defines cyberterrorism as [t]he premeditated use of disruptive activities, or

806-574: Is already in motion. Q attempts to decrypt Silva's laptop, but inadvertently gives it access to the MI6 systems, allowing Silva to escape from MI6 custody. Q realizes that Silva wanted to be captured as part of a plan to kill M. Silva flees into the London Underground , with Bond in pursuit. When Bond finally catches up to him, Silva detonates an explosive charge that sends a runaway underground train coming straight for Bond, who narrowly escapes. Silva, along with several accomplices, barge into

868-457: Is known for his work as a screenwriter for such films as Ridley Scott 's Gladiator (2000), Martin Scorsese 's The Aviator (2004) and Hugo (2011), Tim Burton 's Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007) and Sam Mendes ' James Bond films Skyfall (2012), and Spectre (2015). He has been nominated three times for Academy Awards , and has won a Tony Award and

930-586: Is much concern from government and media sources about potential damage that could be caused by cyberterrorism, and this has prompted efforts by government agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), National Security Agency (NSA), and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to put an end to cyber attacks and cyberterrorism. There have been several major and minor instances of cyberterrorism. Al-Qaeda utilized

992-464: Is now "unbounded" and not exclusively concerned with physical damage. There is an old saying that death or loss of property are the side products of terrorism, the main purpose of such incidents is to create terror in peoples' minds and harm bystanders. If any incident in cyberspace can create terror , it may be rightly called cyberterrorism. For those affected by such acts, the fears of cyberterrorism are quite real. As with cybercrime in general,

1054-524: Is that of non- falsifiability ; that is, when the predicted disasters fail to occur, it only goes to show how lucky we've been so far, rather than impugning the theory. In 2016, for the first time ever, the Department of Justice charged Ardit Ferizi with cyberterrorism. He is accused of allegedly hacking into a military website and stealing the names, addresses, and other personal information of government and military personnel and selling it to ISIS. On

1116-534: Is up to date and secure so they must adopt a zero-trust policy from home devices. This means that they must assume corporate resources and unsecured devices are sharing the same space and they must act accordingly. The rise of cryptocurrency has also sparked some additional threats in the realm of security. Cyber Criminals are now hijacking home computers and company networks in order to mine certain cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin. This mining process requires an immense amount of computer processing power which can cripple

1178-517: The Dark Web . ( registration required ) The Internet of Things promises to further merge the virtual and physical worlds, which some experts see as a powerful incentive for states to use terrorist proxies in furtherance of objectives. Dependence on the Internet is rapidly increasing on a worldwide scale, creating a platform for international cyber-terror plots to be formulated and executed as

1240-475: The Flame Virus and NetTraveler Virus which his company discovered, to biological weapons , claiming that in an interconnected world, they have the potential to be equally destructive. If cyberterrorism is treated similarly to traditional terrorism , then it only includes attacks that threaten property or lives, and can be defined as the leveraging of a target's computers and information, particularly via

1302-456: The Internet , to cause physical, real-world harm or severe disruption of infrastructure. Many academics and researchers who specialize in terrorism studies suggest that cyberterrorism does not exist and is really a matter of hacking or information warfare . They disagree with labeling it as terrorism because of the unlikelihood of the creation of fear, significant physical harm, or death in

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1364-701: The Noël Coward Theatre on March 25, 2013 and I'll Eat You Last: A Chat with Sue Mengers , directed by Joe Mantello and starring Bette Midler , opened on Broadway at the Booth Theatre on April 24, 2013. A re-written version of Never the Sinner had its world premiere in 2004 at the Space Theatre in Adelaide , Australia, by Independent Theatre . The company had previously staged

1426-778: The United States with issues such as economy and homeland security defines cyberterrorism as: [T]he use of information technology by terrorist groups and individuals to further their agenda. This can include use of information technology to organize and execute attacks against networks, computer systems and telecommunications infrastructures, or for exchanging information or making threats electronically. Examples are hacking into computer systems, introducing viruses to vulnerable networks, web site defacing, Denial-of-service attacks , or terroristic threats made via electronic communication. The American Federal Emergency Management agency defines cyberterrorism as: [T]he illegal threat and

1488-427: The 1999 Oliver Stone sports drama Any Given Sunday , which "changed his life". He then wrote the television film RKO 281 , a historical drama released in the same year. Logan's feature films include Rango (2011), an animated feature starring Johnny Depp and directed by Gore Verbinski ; the film adaptation of Shakespeare's Coriolanus , directed by and starring Ralph Fiennes ; Hugo , an adaptation of

1550-747: The Center for the Study of Terrorism and Irregular Warfare at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, defined three levels of cyberterror capability: Cyberterrorism is becoming more and more prominent on social media today. As the Internet becomes more pervasive, individuals or groups can use the anonymity afforded by cyberspace to threaten other individuals, specific groups (with membership based, for example, on ethnicity or belief), communities and entire countries, without

1612-420: The Internet continues to expand, and computer systems continue to be assigned increased responsibility while becoming more complex and interdependent, sabotage or terrorism via the Internet may become a more serious threat and is possibly one of the top 10 events to "end the human race." People have much easier access to illegal involvement within cyberspace by the ability to access a part of the internet known as

1674-581: The Sinner , tells the story of the infamous Leopold and Loeb case. Subsequent plays include Hauptmann , about the Lindbergh baby kidnapping , and Riverview , a musical melodrama set at Chicago's famed amusement park . His play Red , about artist Mark Rothko , was produced by the Donmar Warehouse , London, in December 2009, and on Broadway in 2010, where it received six Tony Awards ,

1736-531: The attack against computers, networks, and information stored, where it is carried out to frighten and force the government or its people ti achieve political or social objectives. NATO defines cyberterrorism as "[a] cyberattack using or exploiting computer or communication networks to cause sufficient destruction or disruption to generate fear or to intimidate a society into an ideological goal". The United States National Infrastructure Protection Center defined cyberterrorism as: A criminal act perpetrated by

1798-483: The book The Invention of Hugo Cabret , directed by Martin Scorsese ; and the James Bond film Skyfall , along with Neal Purvis and Robert Wade . He wrote the Bond film, Spectre (2015). He also created the 2014 television series Penny Dreadful starring Josh Hartnett , Eva Green and Timothy Dalton , for which he served as sole writer until it concluded with its third season. In November 2015, Logan

1860-443: The building's gas main, causing an explosion that kills several agents. M sends James Bond ( Daniel Craig ) to Shanghai to find and kill Silva. Bond seduces Silva's lover, a former child prostitute named Sévérine ( Bérénice Marlohe ), who promises to take Bond to him in return for her freedom; ultimately, however, Silva intimidates her into betraying Bond. Upon taking Bond captive, Silva forces him at gunpoint to participate in

1922-453: The card and enjoy it." Barbara Broccoli later admitted there was some pressure to remove this scene from the movie, but she insisted on keeping it in the final release. Cyberterrorism Cyberterrorism is the use of the Internet to conduct violent acts that result in, or threaten, the loss of life or significant bodily harm, in order to achieve political or ideological gains through threat or intimidation . Emerging alongside

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1984-425: The cyberattacks are conducted due to different ideological beliefs and due to wanting to get personal revenge and outrage towards company or individual, the cybercriminal is attacking. An employee might want to get revenge on a company if they were mistreated or wrongfully terminated. John Logan (writer) John David Logan (born September 24, 1961) is an American playwright, screenwriter, and producer. He

2046-487: The deaths involving the Islamic State and the online social networks Twitter, Google, and Facebook – leading to legal action being taken against them, that ultimately resulted in them being sued. In an article about cyber attacks by Iran and North Korea, The New York Times observes: The appeal of digital weapons is similar to that of nuclear capability: it is a way for an outgunned, outfinanced nation to even

2108-548: The development of information technology, cyberterrorism involves acts of deliberate, large-scale disruption of computer networks , especially of personal computers attached to the Internet by means of tools such as computer viruses , computer worms , phishing , malicious software , hardware methods, and programming scripts can all be forms of internet terrorism. Some authors opt for a very narrow definition of cyberterrorism, relating to deployment by known terrorist organizations of disruption attacks against information systems for

2170-450: The effects of conventional terrorism. Researchers also noted that Cyberterrorism produced higher levels of stress than anger, and the responses are not dependent on the lethality of the attack. Public interest in cyberterrorism began in the late 1990s, when the term was coined by Barry C. Collin. As 2000 approached, the fear and uncertainty about the millennium bug heightened, as did the potential for attacks by cyber terrorists. Although

2232-453: The ensuing War on Terror by the US led to further media coverage of the potential threats of cyberterrorism in the years following. Mainstream media coverage often discusses the possibility of a large attack making use of computer networks to sabotage critical infrastructures with the aim of putting human lives in jeopardy or causing disruption on a national scale either directly or by disruption of

2294-400: The highest percentage of threat over other possible attacks on U.S. territory. Although natural disasters are considered a top threat and have proven to be devastating to people and land, there is ultimately little that can be done to prevent such events from happening. Thus, the expectation is to focus more on preventative measures that will make Internet attacks impossible for execution. As

2356-476: The highest potential security threats in the world. It has become more critical than the development of nuclear weapons or the current conflicts between nations. Due to the pervasiveness of the internet and the amount of responsibility assigned to this technology, digital weapons pose a threat to entire economic or social systems. Some of the most critical international security concerns include: DDoS Attacks – Millions of Denial of Service attacks occur every year and

2418-527: The inherent threat of identification, capture, injury, or death of the attacker that being physically present would bring. Many groups such as Anonymous , use tools such as denial-of-service attacks to attack and censor groups which oppose them, creating many concerns for freedom and respect for differences of thought. Many believe that cyberterrorism is an extreme threat to countries' economies, and fear an attack could potentially lead to another Great Depression. Several leaders agree that cyberterrorism has

2480-414: The intentional use of computers, networks, and public internet to cause destruction and harm for personal objectives. Experienced cyberterrorists, who are very skilled in terms of hacking can cause massive damage to government systems and might leave a country in fear of further attacks. The objectives of such terrorists may be political or ideological since this can be considered a form of terror. There

2542-576: The internet and have exploited this as a result. For example, Mohammad Bin Ahmad As-Sālim's piece "39 Ways to Serve and Participate in Jihad" discusses how an electronic jihad could disrupt the West through targeted hacks of American websites, and other resources seen as anti-Jihad, modernist, or secular in orientation (Denning, 2010; Leyden, 2007). Many of the cyberattacks are not conducted for money, rather

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2604-540: The internet to communicate with supporters and even to recruit new members. Estonia , a Baltic country which is constantly evolving in terms of technology, became a battleground for cyberterrorism in April 2007 after disputes regarding the relocation of a WWII soviet statue located in Estonia's capital Tallinn. There is debate over the basic definition of the scope of cyberterrorism. These definitions can be narrow such as

2666-400: The millennium bug was by no means a terrorist attack or plot against the world or the United States, it did act as a catalyst in sparking the fears of a possibly large-scale devastating cyber-attack. Commentators noted that many of the facts of such incidents seemed to change, often with exaggerated media reports. The high-profile terrorist attacks in the United States on 11 September 2001, and

2728-491: The most of any play, including best play, best direction of a play for Michael Grandage and best featured actor in a play for Eddie Redmayne . Redmayne and Alfred Molina had originated their roles in London and also performed on Broadway, for a limited run ending in late June. Two plays by Logan premiered in 2013; Peter and Alice , directed by Michael Grandage and starring Judi Dench and Ben Whishaw opened in London at

2790-494: The national economy. Authors such as Winn Schwartau and John Arquilla are reported to have had considerable financial success selling books which described what were purported to be plausible scenarios of mayhem caused by cyberterrorism. Many critics claim that these books were unrealistic in their assessments of whether the attacks described (such as nuclear meltdowns and chemical plant explosions) were possible. A common thread throughout what critics perceive as cyberterror-hype

2852-443: The other hand, it is also argued that, despite substantial studies on cyberterrorism, the body of literature is still unable to present a realistic estimate of the actual threat. For instance, in the case of a cyberterrorist attack on a public infrastructure such as a power plant or air traffic control through hacking, there is uncertainty as to its success because data concerning such phenomena are limited. Cyberterrorism ranks among

2914-564: The play twice, in 1992 and 1994, and has also staged several of his other plays. Superhero , a new musical by Logan and Tom Kitt , had its world premiere production Off-Broadway at Second Stage Theater , with an official opening night on February 28, 2019. Logan's play Double Feature , about filmmaking and the relationship between director and star, opened at the Hampstead Theatre , London, in February 2024. Logan wrote

2976-663: The playing field. "These countries are pursuing cyberweapons the same way they are pursuing nuclear weapons," said James A. Lewis, a computer security expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington. "It's primitive; it's not top of the line, but it's good enough and they are committed to getting it." In addition, Cyberterrorism has also been documented to arouse negative emotions. Recent studies have suggested that Cyberterrorism produces heightened levels of anger and stress, which do not differ drastically from

3038-430: The primary purpose of creating alarm, panic, or physical disruption. Other authors prefer a broader definition, which includes cybercrime . Participating in a cyberattack affects the terror threat perception, even if it isn't done with a violent approach. By some definitions, it might be difficult to distinguish which instances of online activities are cyberterrorism or cybercrime. Cyberterrorism can be also defined as

3100-565: The regulation to cover this? Oh well... [strokes Bond's thighs] ... there's a first time for everything. Bond : What makes you think this is my first time? Silva : Oh, Mr. Bond! The scene ignited speculation that screenwriter John Logan , who is gay , intended to imply that Silva is gay or bisexual . Logan denied this in an interview with The Huffington Post , saying, "Some people claim it's because I'm, in fact, gay but not true at all. [Director Sam Mendes ] and I were discussing, there were so many scenes in which Bond goes mano-a-mano with

3162-410: The return of six captured agents and a peaceful handover. He was tortured for five months until he attempted suicide by biting into a cyanide capsule hidden in a fake tooth. He survived, but was left disfigured with a misshapen jaw, broken teeth and a sunken left eye socket. He wears a dental prosthetic to hide his disfigurements. He escaped from Chinese custody and reinvented himself as Raoul Silva,

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3224-539: The scene, Silva strokes Bond's thighs and chest while interrogating the secret agent, who is tied to a chair. Silva : Ooh, see what she's done to you. Bond : Yes, well, she never tied me to a chair. Silva : Her loss. [begins tracing along Bond's chest with his finger] Bond : Are you sure this is about M? Silva : It's about her, and you, and me. You see, we are the last two rats, and we can either eat each other... [lascivious grin] ...or we can eat everyone else. Ah, you're trying to remember your training now. What's

3286-1053: The service disruption can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars each hour they are down. It is important to keep critical systems secured and redundant to remain online during these attacks. Social Engineering – In 1997 an experiment conducted by the NSA concluded that thirty five-hackers were able to access critical pentagon computer systems and could easily edit accounts, reformat data and even shut down entire systems. Often they used phishing tactics such as calling offices and pretending to be technicians to gain passwords. Third Party Software – The top retailers are connected with thousands of separate third-party recourses and at least 23% of those assets have at least one critical vulnerability. These companies need to manage and reevaluate their network security in order to keep personal data safe. As technology becomes more and more integrated into society, new vulnerabilities and security threats are opened up on these complex networks that we have set up. If an intruder

3348-483: The threat thereof, against computers and/or networks, with the intention to cause harm or further social, ideological, religious, political or similar objectives. Or to intimidate any person in furtherance of such objectives. The term appears first in defense literature, surfacing (as "cyber-terrorism") in reports by the U.S. Army War College as early as 1998. The National Conference of State Legislatures , an organization of legislators created to help policymakers in

3410-492: The threshold of required knowledge and skills to perpetrate acts of cyberterrorism has been steadily diminishing thanks to freely available hacking suites and online courses. Additionally, the physical and virtual worlds are merging at an accelerated rate, making for many more targets of opportunity which is evidenced by such notable cyber attacks as Stuxnet , the Saudi petrochemical sabotage attempt in 2018 and others. Assigning

3472-490: The use of Internet to attack other systems in the Internet that result to violence against persons or property. They can also be broad, those that include any form of Internet usage by terrorists to conventional attacks on information technology infrastructures. There is variation in qualification by motivation, targets, methods, and centrality of computer use in the act. U.S. government agencies also use varying definitions and that none of these have so far attempted to introduce

3534-634: The use of computers and telecommunications capabilities resulting in violence, destruction, and/or disruption of services to create fear by causing confusion and uncertainty within a given population, with the goal of influencing a government or population to conform to a political, social, or ideological agenda. The FBI, another United States agency, defines "cyber terrorism" as "premeditated, politically motivated attack against information, computer systems, computer programs, and data which results in violence against non-combatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents". These definitions tend to share

3596-463: The view of cyberterrorism as politically and/or ideologically inclined. One area of debate is the difference between cyberterrorism and hacktivism . Hacktivism is "the marriage of hacking with political activism". Both actions are politically driven and involve using computers, however cyberterrorism is primarily used to cause harm. It becomes an issue because acts of violence on the computer can be labeled either cyberterrorism or hacktivism. In 1999

3658-514: The villain, whether it's Dr. No or Goldfinger or whatever, and there's been so many ways to a cat-and-mouse and intimidate Bond, and we thought, what would make the audience truly uncomfortable is sexual intimidation; playing the homoerotic card that is sort of always there subtextually with characters like Scaramanga in Man With the Golden Gun or Dr. No. So we just decided we would play

3720-469: Was reported to have rewritten the script for Alien: Covenant . During the audio commentary of Alien: Covenant , Scott mentions that Logan has already started writing Alien: Covenant 2 . In November 2018, it was announced that Showtime would produce a follow-up to the 2014 television series Penny Dreadful entitled Penny Dreadful: City of Angels , which takes place in Los Angeles in 1938. Logan

3782-458: Was the creator, executive producer, and sole writer for the show, which premiered in 2020. In November 2019, it was reported that Bohemian Rhapsody producer Graham King was planning to produce a Michael Jackson biopic, with the screenplay written by Logan. Other notable films written by Logan include Star Trek: Nemesis , The Time Machine , and The Last Samurai . Logan made his feature directorial debut in 2022 with They/Them ,

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3844-509: Was to gain access to these networks they have the potential to threaten entire communities or economic systems. There is no certainty for what events will take place in the future, which is why it is important that there are systems build to adapt to the changing environment. The most apparent cyberterrorism threat in our near future will involve the state of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Companies cannot expect that every home office

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