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Reverend Gary Davis

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60-509: Gary D. Davis (April 30, 1896 – May 5, 1972), known as Reverend Gary Davis and Blind Gary Davis , was a blues and gospel singer who was also proficient on the banjo, guitar and harmonica. Born in Laurens, South Carolina and blind since infancy, Davis first performed professionally in the Piedmont blues scene of Durham, North Carolina in the 1930s, then converted to Christianity and became

120-563: A concept that referenced Dylan's going electric. The set was recorded and turned into a feature film directed by Michael B Borofsky, titled Pixies: Acoustic: Live in Newport. In 2013, NAKA producers Alyson Young and Beverly Penninger released The Newport Effect, a documentary exploring the impact of the Newport Folk Festival since its inception in 1959. The film features interviews, performances, and behind-the-scenes footage of

180-414: A few occasions in those years, but remained commercially strong enough to continue growing and to attract strong audiences for both traditional and contemporary artists. The Newport Folk Festival has, throughout various points in its history, remained connected to protest movements. In the 1960s, the festival played a substantial part in the civil rights movement. In the early 80's the Newport Folk Festival

240-653: A heart attack in May 1972 in Hammonton, New Jersey. He is buried in plot 68 of Rockville Cemetery in Lynbrook, New York. Many of Davis' recordings were published posthumously. In 1937, Davis married Annie Bell Wright, who was as religious and spiritual as Davis, and in 1944, they moved to Mamaroneck, New York , where Annie worked as a housekeeper. Later that year they moved to the East Bronx on 169th street. He became

300-487: A larger following than, most jazz musicians of the time. This pressure coupled with his various conversations with those in the folk community made it clear to Wein that an afternoon program at the Jazz Festival would not suffice and that there was demand for a full folk festival. Aware of his own limitations in the folk scene, Wein asked Albert Grossman , then Odetta's manager, to join him in planning and producing

360-683: A minister of the Missionary Baptist Connection Church and acquired the nickname "Harlem Street Singer." They moved to Jamaica, Queens in 1968. On May 5, 1972, while on the way to a concert in Newtonville, New Jersey , he had a heart attack and died. He is buried at the Rockville Cemetery in Lynbrook, New York . His widow, Annie Bell Wright-Davis, died in 1997. While he was alive, Davis' music

420-668: A minister. After moving to New York in the 1940s, Davis experienced a career rebirth as part of the American folk music revival that peaked during the 1960s. Davis' most notable recordings include " Samson and Delilah " and " Death Don't Have No Mercy ". Davis' fingerpicking guitar style influenced many other artists. His students included Stefan Grossman , David Bromberg , Steve Katz , Roy Book Binder , Larry Johnson , Alex Shoumatoff , Nick Katzman , Dave Van Ronk , Rory Block , Ernie Hawkins , Larry Campbell , Bob Weir , Woody Mann , and Tom Winslow . He also influenced Bob Dylan ,

480-556: A not-for-profit, the festival became a for-profit in the mid-1980s. However, in 2011, the festival announced it would return to its non-profit status under the umbrella of the Newport Festivals Foundation. The Foundation not only strived to sustain the Newport Folk and Newport Jazz Festival, but also expand the impact of its Festivals through educational initiatives that celebrate innovation while preserving

540-541: A pseudonym. Newport Folk Festival The Newport Folk Festival is an annual American folk -oriented music festival in Newport, Rhode Island , which began in 1959 as a counterpart to the Newport Jazz Festival . The festival was founded by music promoter and Jazz Festival founder George Wein , music manager Albert Grossman , and folk singers Pete Seeger , Theodore Bikel , and Oscar Brand . It

600-597: A rich connection to protest movements. In the '60s, the festival became a platform for artists who played a substantial part in the civil rights and anti-war movements, including Pete Seeger, Arlo Guthrie, Joan Baez, Tom Paxton, Sweet Honey in the Rock, and the Staple Singers, among many others. In the mid-80s, a new generation of artists—from the Indigo Girls to Tom Morello—also provided keen social commentary from

660-409: A self-taught amateur musician and farmer, recorded 13 songs for Okeh Records which failed to achieve commercial success. Believing his musical career to be over, Hurt continued farming, apparently thinking little of his brief recording gig. Post WWII, few records cut by southern musicians in the 1920s were commercially available. Hurt's records were particularly rare, since few had been manufactured in

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720-1041: A song by Blind Willie Johnson , which Davis had popularized. Although the song was in the public domain, it was copyrighted as having been written by Gary Davis at the time of the recording by Peter, Paul and Mary. The resulting royalties allowed Davis to buy a house and live comfortably for the rest of his life, and Davis referred to the house as "the house that Peter, Paul and Mary built." The Grateful Dead covered "Samson and Delilah" on their album Terrapin Station and credited it to Davis. They covered Davis' song " Death Don't Have No Mercy ". Eric Von Schmidt credited Davis with three-quarters of Schmidt's " Baby, Let Me Follow You Down ", which Bob Dylan covered on his debut album for Columbia Records . The Blues Hall of Fame singer and harmonica player Darrell Mansfield has recorded several of Davis's songs. The Rolling Stones credited Davis and Mississippi Fred McDowell for " You Gotta Move " on their 1971 album Sticky Fingers . Davis died of

780-561: A standing ovation during a "young performers" showcase. However, Taylor only performed for 15 minutes before Wein ended the festival early with the announcement that Apollo 11 had landed on the Moon. The Folk Festival did not return to Newport in 1970, due to financial issues and local controversies involving the Newport Jazz Festival. Following a riot at the jazz festival in 1971, Wein moved his jazz festival to New York, but

840-469: A talent scout, traveling across the country with folklorist Ralph Rinzler to bring undiscovered artists of all kinds to the Newport stage. It was Jones's dream to revive the folk event, and in 1985, he persuaded the Weins to bring back the Newport Folk Festival. With Jones at the helm, Newport Folk programs honored traditional forms of American roots music (blues, bluegrass, Cajun, gospel, and more) alongside

900-587: A teenaged Alison Krauss's major festival debut, iconic blues performances from B.B. King, Susan Tedeschi, and Bonnie Raitt, early incarnations of the Indigo Girls, Mary-Chapin Carpenter, and Joan Baez as Four Voices in Harmony, classic performances by Weir & Wasserman, Crosby, Stills & Nash, Joan Armatrading, Elvis Costello, Willie Nelson, and Wilco, and in 2005, an extended collaborative set with Bright Eyes, Jim James and M. Ward. The festival sold out on only

960-742: A typescript more than 300 pages long. The folk revival of the 1960s invigorated Davis's career, and he performed at the Newport Folk Festival in 1965. Eleven songs from those performances were released on the 1967 album At Newport . In March 1969, Davis' former student and driver, John Townley , who had since established Apostolic Recording Studio , persuaded Davis to his first recording studio session in five years. The resulting album, O, Glory – The Apostolic Studio Sessions would be Davis' final studio album, released posthumously in 1973. Peter, Paul and Mary recorded Davis' version of " Samson and Delilah ", also known as "If I Had My Way",

1020-552: A week-long stay in New York that spanned Christmas 1928. Apparently homesick in the big city, Hurt included a line about his home in Avalon being always on his mind. Hoskins and Stewart were able to locate Avalon and track Hurt down. After asking Hurt to perform, to ensure he was actually who he claimed to be, Hoskins convinced Hurt to move to Washington, D.C., and embark on a national tour. The tour culminated on Saturday evening of

1080-450: A wide range of contemporary songwriters, classic Americana bands such as Little Feat and The Band, world music artists, early jam bands, AAA artists, Irish and British folk-rock, Mardi Gras Indians, and alt-country groups. The festival inaugurated a Friday night concert, established Song Circles with songwriters such as Shawn Colvin, Sarah McLachlan, and Buddy Miller in the round, and expanded to three stages. Other groundbreaking sets included

1140-419: Is known for its beautiful setting- as the music blog Consequence of Sound writes: "Located at the gorgeously scenic Fort Adams, in Newport, Rhode Island, glimmering, clear blue water surrounds the small vivid green peninsula. Look out from the fort towers and you'll see hundreds of beautiful boats rocking along the water." ( Consequence of Sound ). My Morning Jacket frontman Jim James told Spin : "You've got

1200-541: Is the only U.S. state which still officially celebrates the holiday, and the Naval War College is also in Newport, two miles from the Fort Adams State Park where the festival is held. In 2002, Bob Dylan returned to the Newport Folk Festival for the first time since his iconic performance in 1965, when he went electric. George Wein noted that the anticipation in 2002 was intense. “The question

1260-458: Is what will he do at Newport? We have never asked. Whatever it is, it will be all right with me.” Rick Massimo, music writer, recalls Dylan took the stage in “a white cowboy hat, a fake beard, and a long, stringy-haired wig” in what seemed a wry acknowledgment of the legions of music journalists and photographers who came to document his return. Backstage guests included Al Gore and Richard Gere, alongside dozens of other musicians who flocked to hear

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1320-518: The Grateful Dead , Wizz Jones , Jorma Kaukonen , Keb' Mo' , Ollabelle , Resurrection Band , and John Sebastian (of the Lovin' Spoonful ). Davis was born in Laurens, South Carolina in the Piedmont region, on a farm that was, by his recollection, "way down in the sticks; so far you couldn't hear a train whistle blow unless it was on a cloudy day." Of the eight children his mother bore, he

1380-501: The Preservation Hall Jazz Band of New Orleans. The ensemble performed a collection of Dylan's material, ending the performance with "Rainy Day Women No. 12 and 35,". The 2020 edition of the festival was canceled due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Artists who were scheduled to perform at the festival were invited to return for the 2021 edition. In March 2021, Rhode Island governor Dan McKee announced that

1440-637: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) formed a gospel vocal quartet named the Freedom Singers . And in 1962, Pete and Toshi Seeger assisted the Freedom Singers in organizing a nationwide collegiate tour. As a result, the civil rights movement became deeply embraced by the folk music community. In 1963, the Freedom Singers performed on the first night of the Newport Folk festival, and on

1500-561: The 1959 Newport Jazz Festival". Wein envisioned the program to be "similar in scope and tone to the highly successful blues and gospel shows" that had taken place at the Jazz Festival in previous years. Wein asked Odetta, Pete Seeger , and the Weavers to perform on the afternoon in addition to the Kingston Trio . Some in the jazz community accused Wein of crass commercialism in booking these groups because they deviated from, and had

1560-557: The 1963 Newport Folk Festival, when Mississippi John Hurt performed alongside Brownie McGhee, Sonny Terry and John Lee Hooker for a blues workshop at the Newport Casino. The performance is considered to be a seminal moment for the folk revival and caused Hurt to rise to fame. He performed extensively at colleges, concert halls, and coffeehouses and appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Bob Dylan's 1963 and 1964 performances solo and with Baez had made him popular with

1620-631: The 50th anniversary of Bob Dylan going electric at Newport, the Festival scheduled a program titled 65 Revisited on the final night of the 2015 festival. The program's details and performers were kept secret before the performance - prompting various rumors including the return of Bob Dylan. Instead, the program featured an array of more contemporary musicians, including Taylor Goldsmith of Dawes , Gillian Welch and David Rawlings , Willie Watson , Hozier and Klara Soderberg of First Aid Kit, John McCauley and Ian O'Neil of Deer Tick , Robyn Hitchcock and

1680-489: The Newport crowd, but on July 25, 1965, festival headliner Dylan was booed by some fans when he played with the Paul Butterfield Blues Band as his backing band. It is usually said that the reason for the hostile reception by a small number of fans was Dylan's "abandoning" of the folk orthodoxy, or poor sound quality on the night (or a combination of the two). The controversy regarding the reaction of

1740-453: The Newport stage, advocating for women's rights, the LGBTQ community, peace, climate awareness, clean air and water, and the continued call for civil rights activism. In 1988, Ben & Jerry joined forces with Wein's Festival Productions, Inc. to sponsor the event through 1999, a partnership that helped the festival thrive and reinforced its progressive identity. In 1962, two young members of

1800-736: The Sesquicentennial Honors Commission at the Durham 150 Closing Ceremony in Durham, North Carolina , on November 2, 2019. The recognition was bestowed for their contributions to the Piedmont blues . Gospel blues See also: Gospel blues (or holy blues ) is a form of blues-based gospel music that has been around since the inception of blues music . It combines evangelistic lyrics with blues instrumentation, often blues guitar accompaniment. According to musician and historian Stefan Grossman , "holy blues"

1860-633: The Wind ". Amidst a "deafening roar of applause" they brought to the stage Dylan, Joan Baez, Pete Seeger, Theo Bikel and the Freedom Singers. The singers stood in a single line facing the audience with crossed arms and clasped hands and began to sing a variation on the Baptist hymn "I'll Overcome Some Day". The hymn's new incarnation - " We Shall Overcome " - had become an anthem for the Civil Rights Movement. In 1928, Mississippi John Hurt ,

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1920-467: The already-well-established Newport Jazz Festival and owner of Storyville , a jazz club located in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1958, Wein became aware of the growing Folk Revival movement and began inviting folk artists such as Odetta to perform on Sunday afternoons at Storyville. The afternoon performances consistently sold out and Wein began to consider the possibility of a "folk afternoon embedded within

1980-510: The audience at this event is often overplayed, as it was not the general reaction of the audience, but rather that of a small number of folk "purists", including Pete Seeger . The reaction of "the crowd" to Dylan's performance, certainly from eyewitness accounts, was generally quite enthusiastic. This performance, Dylan's first live "plugged-in" set of his professional career, marked the shift in his artistic direction from folk to rock, and had wider implications for both genres. The performance marked

2040-530: The beginning of Davis's career. He became a Christian, and ordained as a Baptist minister in Washington, North Carolina , in 1933. Following his conversion and after his ordination, Davis began to prefer inspirational gospel music. In the 1940s, the blues scene in Durham began to decline, and Davis moved to New York. In 1951, he recorded an oral history for the folklorist Elizabeth Lyttleton Harold (the wife of Alan Lomax ). who transcribed their conversations in

2100-423: The center of American music, with surprise sets by Dolly Parton and Joni Mitchell among other standout performances. In 2011 the two day festival sold out Saturday and in 2012 the festival sold out both days. In 2013 the festival expanded to three days and sold out both Saturday and Sunday. In 2014 the festival sold out all three days months in advance. The festival has sold out every year since. In commemoration of

2160-576: The deep traditions inherent in Jazz and Folk music. By 2006, after an autoimmune syndrome left Jones partially paralyzed, he was no longer able to produce the festival. In 2008, Executive Producer, George Wein hired Jay Sweet as an associate of the festival. Sweet brought the Black Crowes and Trey Anastasio, frontman of Phish, as headliners and other artists on the bill included Stephen Marley and Damian Marley, sons of reggae icon Bob Marley. The Festival

2220-572: The event. Narrated by Joan Armatrading, with segment narrators Rosanne Cash, Michael Doucet, Steve Earle, Angelique Kidjo, Pokey LaFarge, Tom Morello, Mavis Staples, and Lucinda Williams. In 2003, Da Capo Press published Myself Among Others: A Life in Music , a memoir by George Wein and coauthor Nate Chinen. In 2017, Wesleyan University Press published I Got A Song, A History of the Newport Folk Festival by Rick Massimo. The Newport Folk Festival has existed in various forms since its creation; founded as

2280-676: The festival "rolls out" their lineup over the course of the year instead of releasing a lineup poster on one day. The festival has also developed a reputation for programming surprise, unannounced artists. Past instances include the 65 Revisited program (2015), in which Gillian Welch and Dave Rawlings, Dawes, and Willie Watson appeared unannounced. Other surprise moments include My Morning Jacket (2015), James Taylor (2015), Kris Kristofferson (2016), Roger Waters (2017), Mumford & Sons (2018), Dolly Parton (2019), Paul Simon (2022), and Joni Mitchell (2022). Like 65 Revisited in 2015, 2018's A Change Is Gonna Come closing set paired guests from

2340-484: The festival. Cash had recently become aware of Kris Kristofferson , a young, relatively unknown country singer-songwriter, and convinced George Wein to allow Kristofferson to join him onstage. Kristofferson's performance of "Me and Bobby McGee" and other songs gave him a launch into his musical career. The 1969 festival also included the debut festival performance of James Taylor , who performed " Carolina in My Mind " to

2400-452: The festival. Grossman accepted and began working with Wein to book talent and organize the weekend. Pete Seeger was also involved with the founding of the festival. Theodore Bikel and Oscar Brand were also founders of the festival. The inaugural festival, held at Freebody Park, included Pete Seeger, Earl Scruggs , the Kingston Trio, John Jacob Niles, Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee, Odetta, The New Lost City Ramblers , and more. Perhaps

2460-406: The first place. But Harry Smith, a member of a tiny subculture of obsessive, cranky collectors, put two John Hurt cuts on his influential 1952 Anthology of American Folk Music, prompting many blues hobbyists to begin searching for him. In 1963, Tom Hoskins and Mike Stewart acquired a tape of Hurt's Avalon Blues through their informal network of tape traders. Hurt had recorded Avalon Blues at the end of

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2520-481: The first time Dylan performed "Like a Rolling Stone" in public. Despite the musical transition, Dylan's growing status within the larger counterculture ensured that his place in the expanding movement would remain secure. Dylan did not return to Newport until 2002, when he played a headlining performance while wearing a wig and fake beard. In 1969, the Johnny Cash troupe was to perform on opening night of

2580-463: The folk festival was dormant for over a decade. In 1981 Wein returned to Newport with his Jazz Festival at a new waterfront site: Fort Adams State Park. Robert L. Jones, Wein's longtime producer, ran the shows. Jones worked for Wein as both a road manager and producer of jazz and blues events. But his life in music began in Boston folk clubs with artists such as Joan Baez, Tom Rush, Eric von Schmidt, and Bob Dylan, and he first came to Wein's attention as

2640-548: The mid-1920s, Davis moved to Durham, North Carolina, a major center of black culture at the time. There he taught Blind Boy Fuller and collaborated with a number of other artists in the Piedmont blues scene, including Bull City Red . In 1935, J. B. Long , a store manager with a reputation for supporting local artists, introduced Davis, Fuller, and Red to the American Record Company . The recording sessions (available on his Complete Early Recordings ) marked

2700-494: The most notable performance was the surprise debut of the eighteen-year-old Joan Baez , who was brought on as a guest of Bob Gibson . The festival returned in 1960 and was expanded to include three nights. The lineup placed an emphasis on music diversity, booking performers from Africa, Scotland, Spain, Israel, and Ireland alongside "traditional" folk musicians such as Pete Seeger, Ewan McColl , John Lee Hooker , Cisco Houston , and Tommy Makem . The Newport Folk Festival has

2760-516: The persuasion of Albert Grossman, who was managing Peter, Paul and Mary, Wein decided to allow Bob Dylan (whom Grossman was also managing) to close the night. After Peter, Paul and Mary finished their afternoon set, Wein announced that they would reappear at the end of the evening. Dylan performed a set consisting of particularly topical songs: "With God on Our Side", "Talkin' John Birch Society Blues", and "A Hard Rain's Gonna Fall". Peter, Paul and Mary then returned and performed an encore of " Blowin' in

2820-581: The second night Joan Baez joined SNCC activists and roughly 600 festival-goers on a march through Newport. The crowd walked past the Bellevue Avenue mansions and into Touro Park, where SNCC's executive secretary James Forman and Freedom Singers leader Cordell Reagon delivered speeches, rallying support for the March on Washington scheduled for the following March. For the final performance on Friday Wein had scheduled Peter, Paul and Mary . But under

2880-509: The set. Dylan and his band (including Larry Campbell and Charlie Sexton) launched into “Roving Gambler” then played a series of classics alongside his newer material: a set markedly in keeping with the rest of his tour. Peter Stone Brown wrote, “The guy underneath the hat may have looked a little strange, but in the end it was the music that mattered and just maybe that’s what he’s been trying to say all along.” In 2005, alternative rock band The Pixies came to Newport with an acoustic performance,

2940-450: The state was working with the Newport Festivals Foundation to hold the folk and jazz festivals in the summer with modified capacities and a different format. Instead of its typical format, the 2021 Newport Folk Festival was instead formatted as two three-day events in July featuring performances, storytelling and workshops. The 2022 festival marked a return to normal operations. A highlight

3000-767: The sun on your skin and the breeze in your hair. It's magical here... It's just magical." ( SPIN at Newport Folk 2010 ) Brandi Carlile says "It's one of my favorites so far if not my favorite." ( Brandi Carlile Interview ) WMVY began streaming the festival in 2005 and was joined by NPR Music in 2008. WMVY's Archives contains both performances and interviews from Newport Folk and NPR music has recorded sets available for listening here: NPR at Newport Folk 2010 . The festival has made efforts in being green-friendly, teaming with many groups to do so. It partnered with Clean Water Action and Rhode Island Resource Recovery to collect 1.5 tons of recyclables. CWA worked onsite picking up trash and recycling, and set up composting stations to curb

3060-422: The waste generated during the event. A portion of beer and wine sales went to CWA to support its work. The official beer of the festival, Vermont-based Magic Hat used plant-based, 100% compostable cups. The festival also partnered with CLIF Bar, who set up a bike valet to encourage people to cycle to the event and participate in its two-mile challenge. It worked with New England Wind Fund to offset power used during

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3120-581: The weekend with unannounced guests including Leon Bridges , Chris Thile , and Mavis Staples . The Newport Folk Festival takes place every year at Fort Adams State Park in Newport, Rhode Island. Fort Adams houses five stages, the Fort Stage which sits looking out at Newport harbor and the famous Claiborne Pell Bridge , the Harbor Stage, The Quad Stage, The Bike Stage (powered by people riding stationary bikes) and The Foundation Stage. The festival

3180-613: Was 10 years old, his father was killed in Birmingham, Alabama. He later said he'd been told his father was shot by the Birmingham sheriff. His mother re-married and gave birth to a boy. He sang for the first time at Gray Court's Baptist church in South Carolina . He took to the guitar and assumed a unique multi-voice style produced solely with his thumb and index finger, playing gospel , ragtime , and blues tunes along with traditional and original tunes in four-part harmony. In

3240-720: Was coined to originally describe Reverend Gary Davis 's style of traditional blues playing with lyrics conveying a religious message. Davis and Blind Willie Johnson are considered the genre's two dominant performers, according to Dick Weissman . Other notable gospel-blues performers include Sister Rosetta Tharpe and Washington Phillips . Blues musicians who became devout, or even practicing clergy, include Reverend Robert Wilkins and Ishman Bracey . Bluesmen such as Blind Willie Johnson , Blind Lemon Jefferson , Charley Patton , Son House , Bukka White , and Skip James also recorded gospel blues or religious songs. Blind Lemon Jefferson and Charley Patton released gospel song under

3300-403: Was one of the first festivals to serve as a platform for climate change protest. In the 1990s, playing on Victory Day (originally Victory over Japan Day or V-J Day) folk musician Michelle Shocked asked the entire standing audience to drop to the ground on cue to show what it would look like when crowds died on "Hiroshima Day." This was relevant to the locale of the festival as Rhode Island

3360-496: Was one of the first modern music festivals in America and remains a focal point in the expanding genre of folk music. The festival was held in Newport annually from 1959 to 1969, except in 1961 and 1962, first at Freebody Park and then at Festival Field. In 1985, Wein revived the festival in Newport, where it has been held at Fort Adams State Park ever since. The Newport Folk Festival was started in 1959 by George Wein , founder of

3420-420: Was one of two who survived to adulthood. He became blind as an infant. He'd recall his grandmother telling him he got "sore eyes" when he was three-weeks old, and the doctors put something in his eyes that "cause[d] ulcers to grow" over the eyes and he ended up blind. He recalled being poorly treated by his mother and that his father placed him in the care of his paternal grandmother. Davis reported that when he

3480-574: Was recognized by musicians of the era as exceptional. Bob Dylan called him "one of the wizards of modern music," while Bob Weir of the Grateful Dead said Davis had "a Bacchian sense of music which transcended any common notion of a bluesman." Jorma Kaukonen of the Jefferson Airplane suggested Davis is "one of the greatest figures of 20th-century music." He was posthumously recognized alongside Blind Boy Fuller as Main Honorees by

3540-430: Was well attended and received favorable press, despite folk purists questioning the modernization of the festival. In 2009, Wein asked Jones and his team to work with Sweet for the 50th anniversary of the festival, and their collaboration resulted in a multi-generational celebration. The success of the 2009 festival marked a new era in the festival's history. Under Sweet's direction, the festival has reclaimed its place at

3600-410: Was when Brandi Carlile introduced a surprise appearance by Joni Mitchell as the festival's closing act. This was the 78 year old Mitchell's first full-length public performance since the early 2000s and her first appearance at the festival since 1969. In recent years, the Newport Folk Festival has developed a reputation for selling out of tickets before announcing the lineup. Unlike most festivals,

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