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46-508: The original town proprietor records of Bridgewater show the following record dated December 28, 1661: It is probable that construction began on the house the following Spring of 1662, although the same proprietor records indicate the house was not finished until 1664, after a young student of Divinity, Mr. James Keith, agreed to be the town's minister following his ordination. James Keith was born in Scotland in approximately 1642 or 1643. He

92-400: A deed dated October 10, 1881. In 1906, George died, and the property went to his second wife, Eliza Juliet Pratt. She lived in the house until her death, and left the house to her husband's grandson, Robert H. Redman in her will dated March 6, 1930. Robert Redman retained the house until September 12, 1952, when he sold it to Howard and Jessie Anderson (husband and wife). The Andersons owned

138-468: A former professor at the University of Paris , Elphinstone modelled the university very much on the continental European tradition. Hector Boece , a fellow professor at Paris, was awarded the status of first principal of the new institution. It would not be until 1509, with the issuance of a charter by Elphinstone, that university life at King's truly began. Construction of the chapel began in 1498; it

184-422: A large conference centre and the university's chapel. Elphinstone Hall is used for functions, dining, and examinations. The rear of King's College is now used as a sports pavilion. Notably the old college buildings now provide a focal point to the wider university campus. While small in comparison with some of the newer constructions and areas, the building maintains a great deal of importance. King's College Chapel

230-599: A merger, this church was later to become known as Greyfriars John Knox Church. The building is currently unused and is being offered for sale by the Church of Scotland for commercial or residential use. Notable alumni of Marischal College include: (See University of Aberdeen for eminent scientists, Fellows of the Royal Society, who have worked at Marishal College.) see https://www.abdn.ac.uk/alumni/blog/fellows-of-the-royal-society-from-the-university/ In 1860

276-469: A number of Scottish and British monarchs, as well as the patrons and founders of the university. The name particularly recalls the College's main patron, King James IV of Scotland . Particularly notable within the chapel are the choir stalls and rood screen , which date back to around 1509. These form the most complete mediaeval church interior in Scotland. Since 1928, the antechapel has been used as

322-507: A second university in the city, Marischal College . Initially, Marischal offered the principal of King's College a role in selecting its academics, however this was refused by the authorities of King's – cited as the first blow in a future rivalry. In common with Marischal, King's College supported the Jacobite cause and following the defeat of the 1715 rising both were largely purged of their academics and officials. The building work on

368-575: A small entrance via an archway amidst unrelated housing on the west side. The building was substantially extended between 1893 and 1905 by Alexander Marshall Mackenzie , and with its new "granite cage" front, enclosing the quadrangle, it became the second-largest granite building in the world (exceeded only by the Escorial Palace near Madrid ). For many years, much of the building was derelict as university departments had moved to King's College or Foresterhill years or decades before. Up to 2009,

414-484: A tolerable state of repair. Throughout the 20th century, Marischall college housed all sciences and medicine. Since about 1960, the college housed the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Medical school. The building standing today, which replaced a number of older structures, was constructed between 1837 and 1844 by Aberdeen architect Archibald Simpson . This 1837 building formed a U-shaped quadrangle, with

460-542: A two-quadrangle arrangement, connected to the original King's buildings. The Hall's front faces outwards, with its lawn effectively creating a central open space now bordered on the other sides by Old Aberdeen 's High Street and the New Building ("New King's"), constructed in 1913. King's College is now within the university's main Old Aberdeen campus and retains its original and historic quadrangle which houses

506-465: A will, and the county Probate Court awarded the house to her son, Benjamin Eaton, Jr. He kept the house for less than a year before selling it to Thomas Pratt on October 9, 1834. Thomas Pratt owned the house after purchasing it from Benjamin Eaton, Jr., and by either deed or will, the house was passed to his children, Mary and George Pratt. Mary sold her interest in the property to her brother, George, in

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552-425: Is a large granite building on Broad Street in the centre of Aberdeen in north-east Scotland , and since 2011 has been the headquarters of Aberdeen City Council . The building was constructed for and is on long-term lease from the University of Aberdeen , which still uses parts of the building to store its museum collections. Today, it provides corporate office space and public access to council services, adjacent to

598-703: Is the main chapel used by the University of Aberdeen. Forming the north side of the original quadrangle of King's College, construction of the chapel began in 1498 and ended with the consecration of the building in 1509. The most notable architectural feature of the Chapel is its Crown Tower, which has become an icon of the university as a whole. The chapel is dedicated to the Trinity and the Blessed Virgin Mary in her Nativity, yet also commemorates

644-739: The Scottish Parliament between 28 and 30 May 2002 whilst the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland took over its usual annual residence at New College , Edinburgh (the assembly hall of which it had lent the Scottish Parliament during the time of the construction of the new parliament building in Holyrood). During this time, the parliament was addressed by The Queen as part of her Golden Jubilee tour of

690-477: The University of Aberdeen . Its historic buildings are the centrepiece of the University of Aberdeen's Old Aberdeen campus, often known as the King's or King's College campus. The focal point of the college, as well as its oldest building, is the late 15th century King's College Chapel. A number of other historic buildings remain, with others being subject to renovation and rebuilding in the 18th and 19th centuries. In

736-616: The Commissioners, 1838. 1837–38. Vol. XXXIII, 75p. [123] Chairman: Lord John Cunninghame. The commissioners were in favour of a merger of the two colleges despite opposition from Kings College. They considered the unification as essential for the educational system of Northern Scotland although they disagreed with the proposed method of merger laid down by the last commission. The buildings of Marischal College were in very bad repair but new ones were under construction. Additions had been made in 1827 to Kings College buildings which were in

782-568: The Council to replace the ageing St. Nicholas House across the street. The University leased the Marischal College site to Aberdeen City Council for 175 years in exchange for £4.7 million. Work began in 2009 and the newly refurbished Marischal College was opened in summer 2011. The internal spaces were completely demolished and replaced with a new internal structure which matched the existing walls and windows. The renovations restored

828-530: The Town House, the city's historic seat of local government. It is the second largest granite building in the world. The construction of the modern college building began in 1835, following the demolition of previous buildings on the site, and was completed in its present form in the early 1900s. Formerly the seat of the Marischal College and University of Aberdeen founded in 1593, the building

874-540: The Town River (today known as Pratt's Landing). His daughters, Arabella and Katherine Howard, both minors, received the property on the north side of River Street along with the house. These were the youngest owners in the home's history. Eventually, after a series of transactions within the family, Arabella Howard, now married to Benjamin Eaton, became the sole owner of the Keith House. She died in 1833 without

920-468: The United Kingdom. The university owns much of the land and buildings on the campus, but others are in private ownership as private houses, shops and businesses. Many of these serve the university community. There are also extensive lawns, trees and large displays of flowers. These green spaces are popular places to sit in summer for students and staff. The original buildings and High Street form

966-655: The building opened to the public in June 2011. The university has retained the Mitchell Hall and a number of other significant parts of the building for its own use, in addition to its museum stores (formerly the Marischal Museum ). "Marischal College and University of Aberdeen" was the formal name of the former university which occupied the present Marischal College site then in New Aberdeen . The College

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1012-495: The chapel found the Bishop's body to be missing, its ultimate fate unknown. The design of the chapel, as well as its date of construction, were designed to evoke Solomon's Temple . The King's College Conference Centre is a conference and events space within the King's College building, established in 1991 within the former university library, yet maintaining many of the original features of the buildings. The conference centre housed

1058-552: The choir stalls and screen. The Cromwell Tower was a building built during the 1650s-60s during the period of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland , although finished after Charles II had been reinstalled as King. It was used for accommodation and had an ornate turret at its top. It continues its function as an observatory to this day. The 1930 construction of the Elphinstone Hall effectively created

1104-481: The city erected outside Marischal College a statue of King Robert the Bruce on horseback, holding up a charter. Outside the College there is a large modern fountain, known as the "dancing fountain" for its alternating patterns. The fountain was briefly shut in 2019 due to high levels of bromine, but has since been turned back on. Amongst the buildings demolished to make way for the new frontage of Marischal College at

1150-476: The college merged with King's College, Aberdeen to create the University of Aberdeen . 57°08′58″N 2°05′47″W  /  57.1495°N 2.0964°W  / 57.1495; -2.0964 King%27s College, Aberdeen King's College in Old Aberdeen , Scotland , the full title of which is The University and King's College of Aberdeen ( Collegium Regium Aberdonense ), is a formerly independent university founded in 1495 and now an integral part of

1196-623: The early 20th century, a great deal of expansion saw the university buildings increase around the historic college buildings. In the later 20th century, the university expanded dramatically in size, dominating Old Aberdeen and expanding out from the High Street with a number of modern buildings. King's College was the first university in Aberdeen , the third in Scotland and the fifth in the British Isles . In 1495, William Elphinstone ,

1242-430: The granite exterior, ornamentation and detailing, and provided new public space for citizens accessing council services and offices for council workers. The Council Chamber and democratic processes continue to be located at the Town House next door. The university retained the north wing comprising the Mitchell Hall, debating chamber and associated rooms, although as of May 2012 these are not yet open for use. In Spring 2011,

1288-515: The heart of the modern campus and are still used for teaching, to house academic departments, and other university activities. During the 20th century, the university purchased land around these buildings and constructed new ones to enable expansion. These buildings generally reflect the prevailing architecture of their period. The most recent building is the Science Teaching Hub . Completed in 2021 and first used for teaching in 2022,

1334-496: The house for nine years. They donated it to the Old Bridgewater Historical Society on November 29, 1961. OBHS is the present owner of this historic home. They renovated of the property in the 1960s to return the home to its circa 1720 shape and layout. They currently run it as a colonial home museum. Marischal College Marischal College ( / ˈ m ɑː r ʃ l / MAR -shəl )

1380-400: The house on March 18, 1723 to William Fobes Ephraim Fobes, Sr. (brothers) for the sum of 250£. The sale was made with the condition that James Keith's widow, Mary Macy Keith, be allowed to stay in the home until she either remarried or died. On September 8, 1734, William Fobes sold his share of the house to his brother and co-owner, Deacon Ephraim Fobes, Sr. for the sum of 300£, making Ephraim

1426-528: The main buildings of the college began in April 1500 on marshy land, supported by large oak beams. The chapel is topped with an imperial crown , i.e. a closed crown, which appears to make a claim to imperial status for the Scottish monarchy. The original was lost in a storm in 1633, and the present crown is a recreation. King's College chapel retains more medieval woodwork than any other Scottish church, including

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1472-532: The only parts of the college building chiefly used by the university were the Mitchell Hall (for graduations, concerts and other events), the Marischal Museum, and the Anatomy department, which was used for 1st year medical students until March 2009. It was also home to the University's debating chamber. In 2006 plans were announced for the renovation of the college as new administrative headquarters for

1518-501: The post- Reformation Kirk . Its Greek motto translates as "virtue is self-sufficient". The College was constructed on the site of a medieval Franciscan friary, disused after the Reformation. This building was later replaced by a William Adam -designed building in the mid-18th century; however, this, together with the friary remains, were demolished entirely for the construction of the present building between 1835 and 1906, as

1564-514: The relatively newly appointed Bishop of Aberdeen , petitioned Pope Alexander VI on behalf of King James IV to create the facility to cure the ignorance he had witnessed within his parish and in the north generally. A papal bull was issued in February 1495 (1494 [ O.S. ]) founding the university; a royal charter later that year recognised Aberdeen's status as equal to that of Scotland's two existing universities at Glasgow and St Andrews . As

1610-436: The sole owner of the property. Five years later, on September 26, 1739, Ephraim sold the homestead to his son, Ephraim Fobes, Jr., who held the deed for almost 58 years, selling to Amasa Howard on March 14, 1792. Amasa Howard only held the property for about five years before he died. He left it to his children in his will dated June 28, 1797. His two-year-old son, Adonis Howard, inherited the property between River Street and

1656-468: The turn of the 20th century, was the Greyfriars collegiate church , built in 1532 and incorporated as part of the College in 1593. Following a dispute regarding the conservation of this church, a new church building was constructed within the Marischal College complex. It is incorporated into the College frontage, which includes the southern tower, notable for being surmounted with a spire. Following

1702-420: The university began to move to King's College or Foresterhill (for students of medicine) and by the early 21st century a new purpose for Marischal College was required. After a number of unsuccessful proposals, the majority of the building was leased to Aberdeen City Council to be restored and refurbished as office accommodation. The extensive renovation was completed on schedule and significantly under budget and

1748-457: The university's war memorial : five hundred and twenty-four students of the university are commemorated on its walls, having fallen in the First and Second World Wars . Bishop Elphinstone , the College's founder, and Hector Boece , its first Principal, were buried at the foot of the chancel , although a larger tomb to Elphinstone is located outside the college. However, a later renovation of

1794-611: Was Adolf Hitler 's favourite building in the United Kingdom and that he would have liked to use it as a residence if the outcome of the Second World War had been different. The University of Aberdeen was created after the merger of Marischal College and King's College, Aberdeen in 1860 under the terms of the Universities (Scotland) Act 1858 . The following extract refers to this merger: Universities of Kings College and Marischal College, Aberdeen. First Report of

1840-423: Was built in the early 20th century. It is named after Dr Charles Mitchell, an alumnus of the university and a Tyneside shipbuilder. A large stained-glass window dominates the hall, executed by TR Spence of London and representing the university's history. The building was commended by poet John Betjeman following a visit to Aberdeen in 1947: There is an urban legend of unknown origin that Marischal College

1886-517: Was consecrated in 1509 and dedicated to St Mary . By 1514, the university had some forty-two members in the form of both staff and students. Following the Reformation , King's College was purged of its Roman Catholic staff but remained largely resistant to change in its methods. George Keith , the fifth Earl Marischal , however was a moderniser within the college and supportive of the reforming ideas of Peter Ramus . In April 1593 Keith founded

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1932-406: Was educated briefly at Marischal College in Aberdeen, Scotland . He is said to have immigrated to Boston, Massachusetts, in late 1661 or early 1662. He was made a freeman of Plymouth Colony at Plymouth, Massachusetts , on June 8, 1664. Rev. James Keith left the house to his 7 living children in his will dated July 13, 1718, to be sold "at time convenient" and divided among them. They sold

1978-425: Was founded in 1593 by George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal of Scotland . The original charter of the university was lost by the early 18th century, but two near-contemporary copies exist – one of which was accepted by the courts in 1756 as being authentic. In this charter, Marischal College is described variously as a gymnasium , collegium (college), academia (academy) and universitas (university). Marischal

2024-420: Was retained by the unified University of Aberdeen , which was created in 1860 by the merger of Marischal College and King's College . The buildings of Marischal College continued to be used for academic purposes until the mid-20th century and less and less until the early 2000s. During this period they were frequently rebuilt and expanded upon. In the mid-to-late 20th century, teaching and academic activities at

2070-578: Was the Longacre home of Bishop John Skinner , site of the 1784 consecration of Samuel Seabury , now marked by a plaque on the east wall of the College's quadrangle. James Clerk Maxwell FRS, FRSE (1831–1879), described as "the most famous and influential professor Aberdeen has ever had" was appointed as Professor of Natural Philosophy in 1856 and continued in that post until the merger of Marischal College with King's College. The Mitchell Hall, where University of Aberdeen graduations previously took place,

2116-487: Was the second of Scotland's post-medieval "civic universities", following the University of Edinburgh , created without Papal bull and with a more modern structure and a greater resemblance to the Protestant arts colleges of continental Europe. As such, both Edinburgh and Marischal came to be known as the "Town Colleges" of their respective cities. The university was founded with the expressed aim of training clergy for

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