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59-480: The group first emerged in 2003 with a bombing attack on an Athens courthouse complex, following that up with attacks in 2004 on Citibank and an Athens police station. In May 2004, the group published its first manifesto in the Greek satirical magazine To Pontiki , in which it expressed revolutionary, anarchist , anti-globalisation and anti-imperialist ideological aims. Following a January 12, 2007, RPG-7 attack on

118-628: A bank teller . John S. Reed was selected CEO in 1984, and Citi became a founding member of the CHAPS clearing house in London. Under his leadership, the next 14 years would see Citibank become the largest bank in the U.S., the largest issuer of credit cards and charge cards in the world, and expand its global reach to over 90 countries. As the bank's expansion continued, the Narre Warren-Caroline Springs credit card company

177-475: A foreign terrorist organization under the U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act. In January 2009, Greek police said their ballistics tests showed the weapon used in RS's 30 April 2007 attack was used again in a 5 January 2009 shooting of a police officer. A second weapon used in the 5 January attack was tied by the police to a 23 December 2008 attack on a police bus . That attack was reported to have been claimed by

236-510: A hijacked helicopter . Reportedly Roupa rented a helicopter before pulling a pistol on the pilot, a retired police officer, in an attempt to force him to fly over the prison. The pilot instead started a landing and attempted to force the weapon from Roupa. Two shots were fired in the struggle, with an ammunition clip as well as a wig Roupa used as part of her disguise left behind as she fled. Citibank Citibank, N.A. ("N. A." stands for " National Association "; stylized as citi bank)

295-512: A bomb containing 1 kg of dynamite was left under the car of the governor of Korydallos Prison outside his home in Dafni, Athens . The attack was claimed by the Conspiracy of Fire Nuclei as "a show of solidarity for our 10 imprisoned brothers". And in 2016, a bomb exploded next to a prison officer's car at his home. The attack was reported as an attempt of intimidation. In February 2008

354-574: A further $ 20 billion was invested in the company along with guarantees for risky assets of $ 306 billion. The guarantees were issued at a time markets were not confident Citi had enough liquidity to cover losses from those investments. Eventually, the Citi shares the Treasury took over in return for the guarantees it issued were booked as net profit for the treasury as Citi had enough liquidity and guarantees did not have to be used. By 2010, Citibank had repaid

413-463: A group calling itself Popular Action (Λαϊκή Δράση, Laiki Drasi), as a response to the 2008 civil unrest in Greece . On March 10, 2010, two men were spotted breaking into a car ( SEAT Ibiza ) in Dafni, Attica at 4:40am and possibly resisted arrest by firing on the police officers. One of them, Lambros Fountas, who was later found to have been on the terrorist watch list since 1995, was shot dead, but

472-551: A group of political inmates held a sit-down protest against the transfer of an anarchist prisoner to another prison. Among the protesters was N17 prisoner Dimitris Koufontinas. In January 2021 Dimitris Koufontinas, then 63 year old prisoner convicted of crimes as part of November 17 Organization performed a 66 day hunger strike with the goal of being sent to Korydallos prison. Street demonstrations were held in multiple cities across Greece as well as attacks against property has been claimed in support of Koufontinas, Koufontinas ended

531-453: A motorbike garage) and detailed plans of future terrorist attacks. Later, police investigating another address in Kypseli rented under another false ID used by the suspects discovered an RPG-7. Other weapons discovered there included hand grenades , dynamite , and an MP5 submachine gun whose serial number was linked to gun stolen in a 2004 Thessaloniki bank robbery. In late April 2010,

590-842: A position he held until 1933. Under Mitchell, the bank expanded rapidly and by 1930 had 100 branches in 23 countries outside the United States. The policies pursued by the bank under Mitchell's leadership are seen by many people as one of the prime causes of the stock market crash of 1929, which led ultimately to the Great Depression . In 1933, the Pecora Commission , a United States Senate committee, investigated Mitchell for his part in tens of millions of dollars in losses, excessive pay, and tax avoidance, later leading to his resignation. U.S. Senator Carter Glass said of him, "Mitchell, more than any 50 men,

649-530: A special committee composed of physicians of the Division of Health Inspections of the Prefecture of Piraeus and Piraeus Medical Association has reported that the hospital and the mental clinic of the prison operate without even the minimum conditions of hygiene, with aging infrastructure and big shortages in medical and nursing staff. The Hellenic Parliament has vowed to improve conditions. Since May 2008

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708-753: A year prior to the arrest escaped a prison in Tyrinth, and an unnamed woman were captured by Anti-Terrorism police, claiming the trio were heavily armed. Nikolaos Maziotis, the reported leader of Revolutionary Struggle disappeared in April 2014 during his trial at Korydallos prison but was captured in July 2014 after a shootout with police Central Athens during a robbery, leaving himself and two others including one police officer injured. In 2016 Maziotis again attempted escape when Pola Roupa attempted to help Maziotis along with other political prisoners escape from prison via

767-469: Is home to the majority of Citibank's US branches, with 292 branches located in the state.' Citi announced it may return its retail banking presence to Dallas in 2022. Citibank will take more than 9,000 square feet of space in the Berkshire Court building at Preston and Northwest Highway. Construction is scheduled to start on the new office early next year, according to planning documents filed with

826-463: Is no current maximum interest rate or usury restriction under South Dakota law when a written agreement is formed. In 2005, Federated Department Stores, now Macy's, Inc. , sold its consumer credit portfolio to Citigroup, which reissued its cards under the name Department Stores National Bank (DSNB). As of 2013, Citibank employed 2,900 people in Sioux Falls , South Dakota, and contributed to

885-579: Is responsible for this stock crash ." On December 24, 1927, its headquarters in Buenos Aires , Argentina, were blown up by the Italian anarchist Severino Di Giovanni , in the frame of the international campaign supporting Sacco and Vanzetti . In 1940 and 1941, branches in Germany and Japan closed. In 1945, the bank handled $ 5.6 billion in Treasury securities for War and Victory Loan drives for

944-564: Is the fourth-largest bank in the United States in terms of assets. The City Bank of New York was founded on June 16, 1812. The first president of the City Bank was the statesman and retired Colonel, Samuel Osgood . After Osgood's death in August 1813, William Few became President of the bank, staying until 1817, followed by Peter Stagg (1817–1825), Thomas Smith (1825–1827), Isaac Wright (1827–1832), and Thomas Bloodgood (1832–1843). After

1003-443: Is the primary U.S. banking subsidiary of Citigroup , a financial services multinational corporation. Citibank was founded in 1812 as City Bank of New York , and later became First National City Bank of New York . The bank has branches in 19 countries. The U.S. branches are concentrated in six metropolitan areas, New York City , Chicago , Los Angeles , San Francisco , Washington, D.C. , and Miami . As of 2023, Citibank

1062-647: The American Civil War with $ 50 million in war bonds, opening the first foreign exchange department of any bank (1897), and receiving a $ 5 million deposit to be given to Spain for the US acquisition of the Philippines (1899). In 1865, the bank joined the national banking system of the United States under the National Bank Act and became The National City Bank of New York. By 1868, it was one of

1121-670: The Banque Nationale de la République d'Haïti , which was the sole commercial bank of Haiti and served as the Haitian government's treasury. Citibank then lobbied for the United States occupation of Haiti , which began in 1915. During the occupation, Citibank imposed a US$ 30 million loan on the Haitian government, which was described by communist George Padmore as transforming Haiti into an "American slave colony". Citibank would go on to acquire some of its largest gains in

1180-639: The International Banking Corporation (IBC), a company chartered to conduct banking business outside the U.S., which was forbidden to U.S. national banks. In 1918, IBC became a wholly owned subsidiary and was subsequently merged into the bank. The same year, the bank evacuated all of its employees from Moscow and Petrograd as the Russian Civil War had begun, but also established a branch in Puerto Rico . By 1919,

1239-459: The Panic of 1837 , Moses Taylor acquired control of the company. During Taylor's ascendancy, the bank functioned largely as a treasury and finance center for Taylor's own extensive business empire. Later presidents of the bank included Gorham A. Worth (1843–1856), Moses Taylor himself (1856–1882), Taylor's son-in-law Percy Rivington Pyne I , and James Stillman (1891–1909). In 1831, City Bank

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1298-578: The U.S. Embassy , Greek authorities mistakenly described the group as a spinoff of Revolutionary Organization 17 November . The group attacked a police station in Nea Ionia several months later. These attacks led to Revolutionary Struggle becoming Greece's biggest domestic security threat since the 17 November Group disbanded in 2002. In a statement published in To Pontiki on January 25, 2007, Revolutionary Struggle admitted that it had carried out

1357-529: The hunger strike after 66 days without his demands having been met. Inmate Vasilis Paleokostas , known popularly as the 'Greek Robin Hood' drew attention to the prison when he escaped with a rented helicopter, twice in June 2006 and February 2009. In January 2014 Christodoulos Xiros of 17 November Organization whilst serving multiple life sentences escaped after being granted temporary leave to see his family in

1416-445: The "Everything Card"—in 1967. In 1967, Walter B. Wriston became chairman and chief executive officer of the bank. In the 1960s, the bank entered into the credit card business. In 1965, First National City Bank bought Carte Blanche from Hilton Hotels . Three years later, under pressure from the U.S. government, the bank sold this division. By 1968, the company created its own credit card. The card, known as " The Everything Card ",

1475-593: The 1920s due to debt payments from Haiti, according to later filings to the Senate Finance Committee . When the Federal Reserve Act allowed it, National City Bank became the first U.S. national bank to open an overseas banking office when it opened a branch in Buenos Aires , Argentina, in 1914. Many of Citi's present international offices are older; offices in London, Shanghai, Calcutta , and elsewhere were opened in 1901 and 1902 by

1534-448: The 1970s, Citibank was one of the first U.S. banks to introduce automatic teller machines (ATMs), which gave customers 24-hour access to cash. In 2002, Citigroup, the parent of Citibank, acquired Golden State Bancorp and its California Federal Bank , which was one-third owned by Ronald O. Perelman , for $ 5.8 billion. In 1999, Citibank was sued for improperly charging late fees on its credit cards. In August 2004, Citigroup entered

1593-556: The Chicago banking factions accused U.S. Secretary of the Treasury L. M. Shaw of having too close of a relationship with National City and other Wall Street operators. In 1907, Stillman, then the bank's chairman, intervened, along with J. P. Morgan and George Fisher Baker , in the Panic of 1907 . Between 1910 and 1911, the Department of State backed a consortium of American investors headed by Citibank to acquire control over

1652-551: The Texas market with the purchase of First American Bank of Bryan, Texas . The deal established the firm's retail banking presence in Texas, giving Citibank over 100 branches, $ 3.5 billion in assets and approximately 120,000 customers in the state. In 2006, the bank entered the Philadelphia market, opening 23 branches in the metropolitan area. In 2013, Citibank closed these locations for "efficiency-driven" reasons. In 2006,

1711-539: The U.S. government. In 1952, James Stillman Rockefeller was elected president and then chairman in 1959, serving until 1967. Stillman was a direct descendant of the Rockefeller family through the William Rockefeller (the brother of John D. ) branch. In 1960, his second cousin, David Rockefeller , became president of Chase Manhattan Bank , National City's long-time New York rival for dominance in

1770-728: The bank announced that it would close its 17 branches in Massachusetts and end sponsorship of a theater in Boston. Korydallos Prison Korydallos Prison Complex is Greece's largest jail and contains the country's main maximum-security prison (Type B), housing both maximum-security men and women. It is located in Korydallos , Piraeus . Famous detainees include members of the anarchist urban guerrilla organizations Revolutionary Organization 17 November , Revolutionary Struggle and Conspiracy of Fire Nuclei . Korydallos prison

1829-593: The bank had become the first U.S. bank to have $ 1 billion in assets. As of March 9, 1921, there were four national banks in New York City operating branch offices: Chatham and Phenix National , the Mechanics and Metals National , the Irving National , and National City Bank. Charles E. Mitchell , also called "Sunshine" Charlie Mitchell, was elected president in 1921. In 1929, he was made chairman,

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1888-615: The bank had been nicknamed "Citibank" since the 1860s, when City Bank of New York adopted it as an eight-letter wire code address. "Citicorp" became the holding company's formal name in 1974, and in 1976, First National City Bank was renamed Citibank, N.A. The name change also helped to avoid confusion in Ohio with Cleveland -based National City Corp. , though the banks never had any significant overlapping areas except for Citi credit cards issued in National City territory. In addition, at

1947-622: The bank set aside $ 3 billion in reserves for loan losses in Brazil and other developing countries . In 1990, the bank established a subsidiary in Poland. In 1994, it became the world's biggest card issuer. Also in the 1980s, the bank launched the Citicard, which allowed customers to perform all transactions without a passbook . Branches also had terminals with simple one-line displays that allowed customers to get basic account information without

2006-571: The banking industry in the United States. Following its merger with the First National Bank in 1955, the bank changed its name to The First National City Bank of New York, then shortened it to First National City Bank in 1962. It is also worth noting that the bank began recruiting at Harvard Business School in 1957, arranged the financing of the 1958 Hollywood film, South Pacific , and had its branches in Cuba nationalized in 1959 by

2065-422: The company announced a naming rights sponsorship deal for the new stadium of New York Mets , Citi Field , which opened in 2009. The deal reportedly required payments by Citi of $ 20 million per year for 20 years. As of September 2020, Citibank's US branches are located in the metropolitan areas of New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Sacramento, San Diego, Washington DC, Las Vegas, Miami, and Chicago. California

2124-485: The company's German division, was sold to Crédit Mutuel . On February 22, 2010, it was renamed to Targobank . In August 2008, after a three-year investigation by the California Attorney General , Citibank was ordered to repay the $ 14 million that was removed from 53,000 customers accounts over an 11-year period from 1992 to 2003, plus an additional $ 4 million in interest and penalties. The money

2183-462: The complex was related to prison conditions and criminal justice reform. After the 28 day standoff, Justice officials bent to a majority of the demands the prisoners made and concessions were given in favor of the inmates. There have been several politically motivated attacks in relation to Korydallos prison, including; On 13 May 2010, a bomb exploded outside the prison injuring a member of the public. Police suspected Revolutionary Struggle . In 2013,

2242-473: The embassy attack, claiming that the "strike was our answer to the criminal war against 'terrorism' that the US has unleashed over the entire planet with the help of fellow-traveling states". The European Union added RS to its list of designated terrorist organizations on June 29, 2007. On May 18, 2009, a U.S. State Department spokesman announced in a press briefing that U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton had formally designated Revolutionary Struggle as

2301-460: The end of June 2010, leaving free space of 10 acres (40,000 m ) to be used as a park, the demolition was completed about 7 years after, in March 2017. In November 1995, there was a massive riot, with inmates taking control of the prison for several days in a "battle" with prison guards and police. Earlier in 1990, the inmates of Korydalos took over the entire complex for 28 days. The seizure of

2360-407: The fourth quarter of 2007, after an $ 18.1 billion write down. In March 2008, Citibank set up Mobile Money Ventures, a joint venture with SK Telecom , to develop mobile apps for banking. It sold the venture to Intuit in June 2011. In May 2008, the company closed an $ 87.5 million leaseback transaction for branches in New York City. In July 2008, Citibank Privatkunden AG & Co. KGaA ,

2419-416: The group's activities in absentia after absconding with their son in 2012. Maziotis was captured in 2014 and Roupa in 2017. On January 31, 2020, Konstantina Athanasopoulou was arrested along with Giannis Michailidis, a Greek anarchist known as “the archer of Syntagma” convicted of an armed bank robbery in 2013 and for an armed attack on members of the police force’s immediate response unit in 2015 and had in

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2478-478: The largest banks in the United States. The bank became the largest bank in New York City following the Panic of 1893 . Two years later, in 1895, it had become the largest bank in the U.S. In 1904, the bank helped finance the Panama Canal . Two years later, in 1906, 11% of the U.S. federal government 's bank balances were held by National City. National City at this time was the banker of Standard Oil , and

2537-455: The loans from the Treasury in full, including interest, resulting in a net profit for the U.S. federal government. On January 16, 2009, Citigroup announced that it was separating Citi Holdings Inc. , its non-core businesses such as brokerage, asset management, and local consumer finance and higher-risk assets, from Citicorp. The split was presented as allowing Citibank to concentrate on its core banking business. On October 19, 2011, Citigroup,

2596-464: The new socialist government, and has its first African-American director in 1969, Franklin A. Thomas . The company organically entered the leasing and credit card sectors, and its introduction of US dollar-denominated certificates of deposit in London marked the first new negotiable instrument in the market since 1888. Later to become part of MasterCard , the bank introduced its First National City Charge Service credit card—popularly known as

2655-491: The north of the country only to not return. Xiros was captured a year later allegedly preparing further guerrilla actions including aiding other prisoners in escape. Nikolaos Maziotis, the reported leader of the urban guerrilla organization, Revolutionary Struggle disappeared in April 2014 during his trial at Korydallos prison. Maziotis was captured in July 2014 after a shootout with police in Central Athens during

2714-403: The other escaped. However, the escapee left forensic evidence which linked him to previous terrorist attacks. In April 2010 after a long investigation, six suspected members of the group were apprehended. The subsequent investigation led police to over €119,000 in cash, Zastava handguns , fake identification documents which were used to rent safehouses, explosives (195 kg of ANFO hidden in

2773-506: The parent of Citibank, agreed to a $ 285 million civil fraud penalty after the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission accused the company of betting against risky mortgage-related investments that it sold to its clients. In 2014, Citigroup announced it would exit retail banking in 11 markets, primarily in Europe and Central America. In September 2014, it exited the Texas market with the sale of 41 branches to BB&T . In September 2015,

2832-723: The parent of Citibank, announced layoffs of 17,000 employees, or 8% of its workforce. On November 4, 2007, Charles Prince resigned as the chairman and chief executive of Citigroup, the parent of Citibank, following crisis meetings with the board in New York in the wake of billions of dollars in losses related to subprime lending . Former United States Secretary of the Treasury Robert Rubin took over as chairman, subsequently hiring Vikram Pandit as chief executive. On November 5, 2007, several days after Merrill Lynch announced that it too had been losing billions from

2891-509: The state holding more bank assets than any other state. In 2013, Citibank purchased the credit card portfolio of Best Buy from Capital One. On April 1, 2016, Citigroup became the exclusive issuer of Costco 's branded credit cards. The bank's private-label credit card division, Citi Retail Services, issues store-issued credit cards for such companies as: American Airlines , Best Buy , ConocoPhillips , Costco , ExxonMobil , The Home Depot , Sears , Shell Oil , and Staples Inc. In

2950-578: The state. The new Citibank office is described as an "experience center" in the planning documents. The plans identify the operation as "retail bank/office space". Citibank doesn't have a major retail banking presence in the Dallas area. A spokesman in the bank's New York office would not give details about what is planned in the North Dallas location. "We'll decline to comment on this," said Citibank's Drew Benson in an email. On April 11, 2007, Citigroup,

3009-413: The subprime mortgage crisis in the United States, Citi reported that it will lose between $ 8 billion and $ 11 billion in the fourth quarter of 2007, in addition to the $ 6.5 billion it lost in the third quarter of 2007. Effective November 30, 2007, Citibank sold its 17 Puerto Rico branches, along with $ 1.0 billion in deposits, to Banco Popular . In January 2008, Citigroup reported a $ 10 billion loss in

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3068-555: The three prime suspects being held confirmed their involvement in Revolutionary Struggle in a letter to the press, but denied that the government could prove they participated in the actions related to their charges. The three also promised to continue their revolutionary activities as long as they are living. Pola Roupa and Nikos Maziotis  [ el ] , who both openly admit their involvement in Revolutionary Struggle, were convicted for their participation in

3127-409: The time of the name change to Citicorp, in 1968, National City of Ohio was mostly a Cleveland-area bank and had not gone on its acquisition spree that would occur in the 1990s and 2000s. Any possible name confusion had Citi not changed its name from National City eventually became completely moot when PNC Financial Services acquired National City in 2008 during the subprime mortgage crisis . In 1987,

3186-462: The women prisoners section has been transferred to Thiva prison complex following many years of protests and complaints to the government by the Korydallos municipality and inhabitants. As of only one of the three women prison section hosts women under trial. Demolition works have commenced, for the two out of the three sections, in January 2010 and although they were expected to be completed till

3245-615: Was also used as the place for the Greek junta trials in 1975, and contains a special court in its basement. Nikolaos Dertilis was the last remaining junta member in jail. He died 28 January 2013 at the age of 94. Amnesty International and other human rights bodies such as the Committee for the Prevention of Torture have repeatedly expressed concern about the prison for its overcrowding and inhumane treatment of detainees. In 2007,

3304-675: Was promoted as a kind of East Coast version of the BankAmericard . By 1969, First National City Bank decided that the Everything Card was too costly to promote as an independent brand and joined Master Charge (now MasterCard ). Citibank unsuccessfully tried again from 1977 to 1987 to create a separate credit card brand, the Choice Card . In 1967, First National City Bank reorganized as a one-bank holding company, First National City Corporation, or "Citicorp" for short. However,

3363-431: Was purchased in 1981. In 1981, Citibank chartered a South Dakota subsidiary to take advantage of new laws that raised the state's maximum permissible interest rate on loans to 25% (then the highest in the nation). In many other states, usury laws prevented banks from charging interest that aligned with the extremely high costs of lending money in the late 1970s and early 1980s, making consumer lending unprofitable. There

3422-470: Was taken under an electronic "account sweeping program" where any positive balances from over-payments or double payments were removed without notice to the customers. As a result of the 2007–2008 financial crisis and huge losses in the value of its subprime mortgage assets, Citigroup, the parent of Citibank, received a bailout in the form of an investment from the U.S. Treasury . On November 23, 2008, in addition to an initial investment of $ 25 billion,

3481-516: Was the site of one of America's first bank heists when two burglars, James Honeyman and William J. Murray, made off with tens of thousands of dollars' worth of bank notes, and 398 gold doubloons , the equivalent of $ 52 million in 2013 currency. The bank financed war bonds for the War of 1812 , serving as a founding member of the financial clearinghouse in New York (1853), underwriting the Union during

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