The Revolutionary Workers' Party ( Spanish : Partido Obrero Revolucionario , POR) is a Trotskyist political party in Bolivia . At its height in the late 1940s and early 1950s, the POR was able to gain a mass working-class following.
24-611: There are several groups named Revolutionary Workers Party : Revolutionary Workers' Party (Bolivia) Revolutionary Workers Party (Canada) Revolutionary Workers Party (Chile) Revolutionary Workers Party (India) Revolutionary Workers' Party (Peru) Revolutionary Workers' Party (Philippines) Revolutionary Workers' Party (Russia) Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spain) Revolutionary Workers Party (Sri Lanka) Revolutionary Workers' Party (Turkey) Revolutionary Workers' Party (Trotskyist) , UK Revolutionary Workers,
48-668: A political party founded by American politician Kshama Sawant See also [ edit ] Workers' Revolutionary Party (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Revolutionary Workers Party . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Revolutionary_Workers_Party&oldid=1245204445 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Political party disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
72-670: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Revolutionary Workers%27 Party (Bolivia) The POR was founded in December 1935 at a congress in Córdoba, Argentina , called by Gustavo Navarro and other Bolivian radicals who were in exile because of the Chaco War . The congress formally merged three Bolivian exile groups based in Argentina, Chile , and Peru respectively. Under
96-620: Is now a centre-right , conservative political party in Bolivia. It was the leading force behind the Bolivian National Revolution from 1952 to 1964. It influenced much of the country's history since 1941. The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement was begun in 1941 by future presidents Víctor Paz Estenssoro and Hernán Siles Zuazo . It soon attracted some of the brightest members of the Bolivian intelligentsia. Among
120-1157: The Brazilian Labour Party , the Socialist Party of Chile , the National Liberation Party in Costa Rica , Dominican Revolutionary Party , the Guatemalan Revolutionary Action Party , the Mexican Institutional Revolutionary Party , the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance in Peru , Democratic Action in Venezuela . The MNR first came to power in 1943, as supporters of the reformist military regime of Gualberto Villarroel . The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement led
144-563: The military junta to surrender on April 12, 1952. Following the "Bolivian National Revolution," the MNR took over the government, but the populist party failed to enact major social reforms because of pressure from international agencies. Pablo, the leader of the IS, characterised the MNR as petty-bourgeois. Others have criticised this arguing that the POR was bourgeois. The POR played a supportive role in
168-499: The MNR won the 1993 elections and Sanchez was confirmed as president by parliament. He continued the policies of the NEP. The party placed second in 1997 elections , with the presidential candidate Juan Carlos Durán (at the time, the Bolivian constitution prohibited direct re-election of a sitting president) losing to the former dictator Banzer. At the legislative elections 2002 MNR in alliance with Free Bolivia Movement , won 26.9% of
192-497: The POR led by Guillermo Lora continued its activity in the COB and FSTMB during the 1960s and 1970s, when the country was ruled by a series of short-lived military juntas. Lora's POR worked closely with FSTMB president Juan Lechín during these years, when the labor movement largely operated clandestinely. Between 1970 and 1971, when General Juan José Torres allowed a Popular Assembly ( Asamblea Popular ) to operate, which included unions and
216-487: The POR. In November 1946, the FSTMB adopted a program known as the "Pulacayo Thesis" that was heavily influenced by the POR's ideology. The Pulacayo thesis was essentially an application of Trotsky's Transitional Program to Bolivian conditions. After a military coup nullified the results of the 1951 elections (which gave the MNR a plurality), the MNR, POR and FSTMB led workers' militias that stormed army barracks and forced
240-753: The Trotskyist Fourth International , turned to the idea of armed insurrection against the government. Inspired by Che Guevara 's guerrilla tactics, they sought to engage in rural combat against the government. The González wing of the POR faced harsh government repression and eventually disappeared. Lora's POR continues to exist to the present day, though it has been eclipsed by other radical parties such as Evo Morales ' Movement toward Socialism (MAS). It continues to publish Masas . Revolutionary Nationalist Movement The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement ( Spanish : Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario listen , MNR)
264-471: The advice of José Aguirre Gainsborg , the leaders of the new POR affiliated with Leon Trotsky's International Left Opposition . When the Chaco War ended in 1935, the POR leaders returned to Bolivia. The leaders disagreed over whether to maintain a strict Trotskyist party or form a broad socialist movement. As Bolivia passed through a series of short-lived military dictatorships , the POR began to enter
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#1732794344727288-457: The coup d'état of Hugo Banzer Suárez . He apparently believed that Banzer would only rule for a year or two before calling elections that the MNR would almost certainly win. If so, he badly miscalculated; Banzer exiled Paz in 1975. The main body supported Paz in exile, while a faction continued to back Banzer. Paz' support of the Banzer dictatorship was a move that was to cost his party dearly at
312-697: The creation of the Central Obrera Boliviana (COB), a new federation of labor unions , in 1952. However, when members of the POR began to criticize the moderation of the MNR-led government in October 1952, the MNR removed key POR leaders from the COB and FSTMB. As the MNR's power grew at the cost of the POR, in-fighting increased among the Trotskyists. In 1954, the POR split into two factions. One of these factions (led by Guillermo Lora )
336-575: The emerging labor movement . In 1947 the party's activists formed the Mining Parliamentary Bloc caucus in the newly formed miners' union (the FSTMB ), which was to become the most active and militant union in Bolivia. Along with the populist Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) it became one of the two most influential parties in the mineworkers' movement. FSTMB president Juan Lechín , an MNR member, maintained good relations with
360-517: The face of nationwide protests. Mesa soon resigned and presidential elections were scheduled for December 2005. In these elections MNR received only 6.5% of the popular vote and won 7 out of 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 1 out of 27 seats in the Senate . Its candidate in the presidential elections was Michiaki Nagatani , whose poor performance demonstrated a steep decline in the fortunes of
384-664: The first to leave and the popular Juan Lechín being expelled in 1964. Siles went on to form the Revolutionary Nationalist Leftwing Movement (MNRI) and Lechín the Revolutionary Party of the Nationalist Left (PRIN). Falling from power only deepened the intra-party squabbles. With the main body of the MNR firmly behind Paz Estenssoro, the old leader made what can be seen as a major mistake in 1971, when he supported
408-496: The leftist Bolivian National Revolution of 1952 and ruled the country until 1964 when it was overthrown by the military coup of René Barrientos . During the presidencies of Paz Estenssoro (1952–56 and 1960–64) and Hernán Siles Zuazo (1956–60) were the top leaders of the Revolutionary period, establishing the universal vote, nationalizing the tin mines, and instituting an extensive agrarian reform. During this time many of
432-441: The old elitist parties which had previously dominated Bolivian politics either disappeared or faded into irrelevance. This left the MNR in the center of the Bolivian political spectrum. Siles and Paz split in the 1960s over Paz's ambitions and personal control of the party. Filled with many strong personalities, the party had in fact begun to fragment along political and personal lines since the late 1950s, with Wálter Guevara being
456-526: The party as the Bolivian political scene began to be dominated by Evo Morales . For the 2009 elections, the MNR was a component of the Plan Progress for Bolivia – National Convergence . The party's future is uncertain as it is no longer represented in the parliament and its last government has been tarnished by serious accusations of corruption, economic mismanagement and armed suppression of protesters. The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement currently
480-479: The party's most prominent supporters were Humberto Guzmán Fricke , Juan Lechín , Carlos Montenegro , Walter Guevara Arze , Javier del Granado , Augusto Céspedes , Lydia Gueiler , Guillermo Bedregal , and Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada , a number of whom later became presidents of Bolivia. At the time of its establishment it was a leftist/reformist party, along the lines of similar Latin American parties such as
504-604: The polls in subsequent years. While Paz seemed to be moving steadily to the right, Siles Zuazo broke off to found the left-leaning Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNRI) in 1971. Indeed, Siles was the post-MNR politician who was best able to capitalize on the remaining legitimacy and respect that MNR had as a result of the 1952 Revolution. Paz Estenssoro led the MNR-proper in the Bolivian general elections of 1978 , 1979 , and 1980 elections, finishing third, second, and second, respectively. Led by Sánchez de Lozada,
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#1732794344727528-802: The popular vote and 36 out of 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 11 out of 27 in the Senate. Following these elections, because no presidential candidate had received a majority, the Congress chose the President, and they again elected Sánchez de Lozada. After the 2002 elections, the party ruled in a coalition with the Revolutionary Left Movement . In 2003 Sanchez was forced to resign, and his successor, independent candidate Carlos Mesa took over in hopes of promoting national unity in
552-604: Was led by Lechín. The POR led forces that sought to keep the assembly independent of Torres. After Torres' overthrow, Lora and other POR leaders went into exile. In 1988 Lora's POR founded the Liaison Committee for the Reconstruction of the Fourth International together with other Latin American trotskyists. The wing of the POR led by González Moscoso, which remained the official affiliate of
576-492: Was opposed to continued work with the MNR. The other faction (led by Hugo González Moscoso ) was less critical of the MNR and sought to work with the left wing of the MNR. In 1956, Lora founded a separate party (also named POR) that drew supporters of his newspaper, Masas . In 1963, a large number of POR members left the party to join Juan Lechín's new Revolutionary Party of the Nationalist Left (PRIN). The faction of
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