101-6909: Golf tournament formerly on the PGA Tour The Reading Open was a golf tournament on the PGA Tour that was played in Reading, Pennsylvania in the late 1940s and early 1950s. It was played at three different locations. Tournament hosts [ edit ] Year(s) Venue 1947–48 Berkshire Country Club 1949 Reading Country Club 1950 Berkshire Country Club 1951 Berkleigh Country Club Winners [ edit ] Year Player Country Score To par Margin of victory Runner-up Winner's share ( $ ) Ref 1951 Jim Turnesa [REDACTED] United States 280 −4 3 strokes [REDACTED] Jack Burke Jr. 2,400 1950 Sam Snead [REDACTED] United States 268 −20 8 strokes [REDACTED] Jim Ferrier 2,600 1949 Cary Middlecoff [REDACTED] United States 266 −14 1 stroke [REDACTED] Sam Snead 2,600 1948 Ben Hogan [REDACTED] United States 269 −19 1 stroke [REDACTED] Fred Haas 2,600 1947 Dutch Harrison [REDACTED] United States 277 −7 3 strokes [REDACTED] Bobby Locke 2,000 References [ edit ] ^ Berkshire Country Club at The Golf Association of Philadelphia site ^ Reading Country Club History ^ "Cary Middlecoff defends Reading Open Golf title" . St. Petersburg Times . September 7, 1950. ^ "Turnesa Wins Reading Open" . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . September 24, 1951. ^ "Snead Sets Record, Wins Reading Golf" . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . September 11, 1950. p. 20. ^ "Middlecoff, Reading Golf Winner, En Route Here" . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . July 11, 1949. p. 20. ^ "Hogan Cops Reading Open; Has 8-Under-Par Round" . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . July 26, 1948. p. 15. ^ "Reading Open to Harrison" . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . October 6, 1947. p. 19. v t e Former PGA Tour events 500 Festival Open Invitation Agua Caliente Open Alameda County Open Alcan Open All American Open Almaden Open American Golf Classic Ardmore Open Arlington Hotel Open Atlanta Classic Azalea Open Invitational Bahamas National Open Bakersfield Open Invitational Baton Rouge Open Invitational B.C. Open Beaumont Open Invitational Bellevue Country Club Open Blue Ribbon Open Buick Open Cajun Classic Open Invitational California State Open Carling World Open Cavalcade Of Golf Chattanooga Classic Chicago Open CIMB Classic CJ Cup Cleveland Open Colgate Hall of Fame Classic Connecticut Open Coral Gables Open Invitational Coral Springs Open Invitational Dallas Open Danny Thomas-Diplomat Classic Dapper Dan Open Dell Technologies Championship Denver Open Invitational De Soto Open Invitational Doral Open Dow Jones Open Invitational Durham Open Eastern Open Invitational El Paso Open Empire State Open Esmeralda Open Fig Garden Village Open Invitational Florida Open Fort Wayne Open Frank Sinatra Open Invitational Gasparilla Open Ginn sur Mer Classic Glens Falls Open Golden Gate Championship Goodall Palm Beach Round Robin Greater Jacksonville Open Greater Milwaukee Open Greater St. Louis Golf Classic Greater Vancouver Open Greenbrier Classic Gulfport Open Haig Open Invitational Hale America National Open Golf Tournament Hershey Open Hesperia Open Invitational Houston Open Indian Ridge Hospital Open Invitational The International Inverness Invitational Four-Ball IVB-Philadelphia Golf Classic Kansas City Open Invitational Kemper Open Kentucky Derby Open Knoxville Invitational La Gorce Open Labatt Open Liggett & Myers Open Long Beach Open Long Island Open Lucky International Open Maryland Open Massachusetts Open Mayakoba Golf Classic Mayfair Inn Open Memphis Invitational Metropolitan Open Metropolitan PGA Championship Miami Beach Open Miami International Four-Ball Miami Open Michelob Championship Michigan Golf Classic Milwaukee Open Milwaukee Open Invitational Mobile Sertoma Open Invitational Motor City Open Mountain View Open Nashville Invitational Nassau Bahamas Open Nassau Open The National National Airlines Open Invitational National Celebrities Open National Team Championship NEC World Series of Golf New England Classic New Jersey PGA Championship New Jersey State Open New York State Open North and South Open Northern California Open Oakland Open Ohio Kings Island Open Ohio Open Oklahoma City Open Invitational Oklahoma Open Ontario Open Orange County Open Invitational Oregon Open Orlando Open Palmetto Championship Pasadena Open Pennsylvania Classic Pennsylvania Open Championship Pensacola Open Pepsi Championship Philadelphia Daily News Open Philadelphia Inquirer Open Philadelphia Open Championship Portland Open Invitational Reading Open Rebel Yell Open Rio Grande Valley Open Robinson Open Rubber City Open Invitational Sacramento Open Sahara Invitational St. Jude Classic St. Paul Open Invitational St. Petersburg Open Invitational Seattle Open Invitational Shawnee Open Sioux City Open Southern Open Southern (Spring) Open Southwest Golf Classic Sunset-Camellia Open Invitational Sunshine Open Invitational Tacoma Open Invitational Tallahassee Open Thomasville Open Thunderbird Classic Thunderbird Invitational Tournament of
202-568: A Kenny Chesney concert tailgate. The pulling of Johnson from the story prompted an outcry from journalists, including the Newspaper Guild of Pittsburgh and many of Johnson's Post-Gazette colleagues. The Post-Gazette won Pulitzer Prizes in 1938 , 1998 , and 2019 . Photographer Morris Berman maintained that the paper would have also won a Pulitzer in 1964 , had it chosen to run the iconic photo of Y. A. Tittle that he took at Pitt Stadium , which would go on to win awards, hang in
303-487: A cup , the hole that receives the ball. Each hole on a course has a teeing ground for the hole's first stroke, and a putting green containing the cup. There are several standard forms of terrain between the tee and the green, such as the fairway, rough (tall grass), and various hazards that may be water, rocks, or sand-filled bunkers . Each hole on a course is unique in its specific layout. Many golf courses are designed to resemble their native landscape, such as along
404-435: A "bogey golfer" (handicap around 20) would be expected to play than a "scratch golfer" relative to their handicap. The goal is to play as few strokes per round as possible. A golfer's number of strokes in a hole, course, or tournament is compared to its respective par score, and is then reported either as the number that the golfer was "under-" or "over-par", or if it was "equal to par". A hole in one (or an "ace") occurs when
505-618: A 23,000 seat outdoor amphitheater in Burgettstown, Pennsylvania , the "Post-Gazette Pavilion", although it is still often referred to as "Star Lake", based on the original name, "Star Lake Amphitheater", and later " Coca-Cola Star Lake Amphitheater" under the former sponsor. They gave up naming rights in 2010. First Niagara Bank , which had entered the Pittsburgh market the year before after acquiring National City branches from Pittsburgh-based PNC Financial Services , took over
606-615: A Sunday paper to compete with the Sunday Press but it was not profitable; rising costs in general were challenging the company's bottom line. In November 1961, the Post-Gazette entered into an agreement with the Pittsburgh Press Company to combine their production and advertising sales operations. The Post-Gazette owned and operated its own news and editorial departments, but production and distribution of
707-421: A backpack, and often bags have retractable legs that allow the bag to stand upright when at rest. The golf swing is outwardly similar to many other motions involving swinging a tool or playing implement, such as an axe or a baseball bat. However, unlike many of these motions, the result of the swing is highly dependent on several sub-motions being properly aligned and timed. These ensure that the club travels up to
808-415: A ball that has stopped on it; "doglegs", which are changes in the direction of the fairway that often require shorter shots to play around them; bunkers (or sand traps); and water hazards such as ponds or streams. In stroke play competitions each player plays their ball until it is holed no matter how many strokes that may take. In match play it is acceptable to simply pick up one's ball and "surrender
909-549: A complete round; with most holes having a par of 4, and a smaller number of par-3 and par-5 holes. Additionally, courses may be classified according to their play difficulty, which may be used to calculate a golfer's handicap . The two primary difficulty ratings in the U.S. are the Course Rating, which is the expected score for a zero-handicap "scratch golfer", and the Slope Rating, which is a measure of how much worse
1010-532: A developer headquartered in Moon Township , for $ 13.25 million. As of late 2022, DiCicco Development is still deciding what type of use might work best on the property. On 6 October 2022 the advertising, distribution and production workers at the Post Gazette went on strike. On October 18, the newsroom workers joined the strike. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) also pursued a case against
1111-452: A full 18. In sudden death, a player who scores lower on a hole than all of their opponents wins the match. If at least two players remain tied after such a playoff using a pre-determined number of holes, then play continues in sudden death format, where the first player to win a hole wins the tournament. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette , also known simply as the PG ,
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#17327869939431212-581: A golf club at a small ball with the aim of sinking it into a hole. The game is thought to have been introduced into Europe during the Middle Ages. Another early game that resembled modern golf was known as cambuca in England and chambot in France. The Persian game chowkan is another possible ancient origin, albeit being more polo -like. In addition, kolven (a game involving a ball and curved bats)
1313-420: A golf course, and which club is used to accomplish the shot, are always completely at the discretion of the golfer; in other words, there is no restriction whatsoever on which club a golfer may or may not use at any time for any shot. Golf balls are spherical, usually white (although other colours are allowed), and minutely pock-marked by dimples that decrease aerodynamic drag by increasing air turbulence around
1414-410: A golfer sinks their ball into the cup with their first stroke from the tee. Common scores for a hole also have specific terms. In a typical professional tournament or among "scratch" amateur players, "birdie-bogey" play is common; a player will "lose" a stroke by bogeying a hole, then "gain" one by scoring a birdie. Eagles are uncommon but not rare; however, only 18 players have scored an albatross in
1515-453: A great deal of difference in how well the ball is hit and how straight it travels. The general goal of a player making a full swing is to propel the clubhead as fast as possible while maintaining a single "plane" of motion of the club and clubhead, to send the clubhead into the ball along the desired path of travel and with the clubhead also pointing that direction. Accuracy and consistency are typically stressed over pure distance. A player with
1616-439: A higher degree of loft and a comparatively shorter distance. The actual physical length of each club is longer or shorter, depending on the distance the club is intended to propel the ball. Golf clubs have traditionally been arranged into three basic types. Woods are large-headed, long-shafted clubs meant to propel the ball a long distance from relatively "open" lies, such as the teeing ground and fairway. Of particular importance
1717-453: A higher launch angle and a more forgiving nature. A maximum of 14 clubs is allowed in a player's bag at one time during a stipulated round. The choice of clubs is at the golfer's discretion, although every club must be constructed in accordance with parameters outlined in the rules. (Clubs that meet these parameters are usually called "conforming".) Violation of these rules can result in disqualification. The exact shot hit at any given time on
1818-406: A men's major championship. One of the rarest feats in golf is the condor, which has never occurred in a professional tournament. Only five condors have been verified to have ever occurred, although none of the courses involved were professionally accredited. There are two basic forms of golf play, match play and stroke play. Stroke play is more popular. Two players (or two teams) play each hole as
1919-409: A metal head primarily consisting of a flat, angled striking face. Traditionally the clubhead was forged from iron; modern iron clubheads are investment-cast from a steel alloy. Irons of varying loft are used for a variety of shots from virtually anywhere on the course, but most often for shorter-distance shots approaching the green, or to get the ball out of tricky lies such as sand traps. The third class
2020-438: A new supervisor he had 19 cartoons or cartoon ideas killed in the first six months of 2018. Four months after Rogers was fired, the Post-Gazette hired conservative editorial cartoonist Steve Kelley as Rogers' replacement. After being fired, Rogers' comics continued to be published through Andrews McMeel Syndication . As a freelancer, Rogers was named as a finalist for the 2019 Pulitzer Prize in editorial cartooning, with
2121-483: A player's obligation to contribute to the care of the course. Though there are no penalties for breach of etiquette rules, players generally follow the rules of golf etiquette in an effort to improve everyone's playing experience. Penalty strokes are incurred in certain situations and are counted towards a player's score as if there were extra swing(s) at the ball. Either one or two strokes are added for most rule infractions or for taking relief from various situations, with
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#17327869939432222-431: A result of these issues, the paper considered a number of options, including putting the paper up for sale. In August 2018 the Post-Gazette ceased publishing daily. It cut down to online editions on Tuesdays and Saturdays and print editions the remaining days of the week. In October 2019, the paper further reduced its paper editions to Thursdays, Fridays and Sundays. In March 2021, the paper cut down again, getting rid of
2323-513: A round. At some courses, gas or electric golf carts are used to travel between shots, which can speed-up play and allows participation by individuals unable to walk a whole round. On other courses players generally walk the course, either carrying their bag using a shoulder strap or using a "golf trolley" for their bag. These trolleys may or may not be battery assisted. At many amateur tournaments including U.S. high school and college play, players are required to walk and to carry their own bags, but at
2424-500: A sea coast (where the course is called a links ), within a forest, among rolling hills, or part of a desert . Golf is played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual, known as stroke play , or the lowest score on the most individual holes in a complete round by an individual or team, known as match play . Stroke play is the most commonly seen format at all levels, especially at the elite level. The modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland . The 18-hole round
2525-400: A separate contest against each other in what is called match play . The party with the lower score wins that hole, or if the scores of both players or teams are equal the hole is "halved" (or tied). The game is won by the party that wins more holes than the other. In the case that one team or player has taken a lead that cannot be overcome in the number of holes remaining to be played, the match
2626-727: A state of the art production facility in Marshall Township north of Pittsburgh in Allegheny County. Relations between the Post-Gazette and Tribune-Review, during its existence as a local print publication, were often competitive and frequently hostile, given Scaife's longstanding distaste for what he considered the Blocks' liberalism. On 14 November 2011 the Post-Gazette revived the Pittsburgh Press as an afternoon online newspaper . On 12 February 2014,
2727-610: A statement: "It's as simple as this: Rogers was fired for refusing to do cartoons extolling Trump. Let that sink in." The paper said that Rogers' dismissal "has little to do with politics, ideology or Donald Trump" but did not provide details. Rogers wrote in the New York Times that the paper's new management had decided, in the lead-up to his firing, that his cartoons satirizing Trump "were 'too angry. ' " Rogers said that while editors had previously rejected (or " spiked ") an average of two to three of his cartoons each year, under
2828-469: A straight drive that travels only 220 yards (200 m) will nevertheless be able to accurately place the ball into a favourable lie on the fairway, and can make up for the lesser distance of any given club by simply using "more club" (a lower loft) on their tee shot or on subsequent fairway and approach shots. However, a golfer with a drive that may go 280 yards (260 m) but often does not fly straight will be less able to position their ball advantageously;
2929-452: A stroke; it is fundamentally important in being able to play a stroke effectively. The stance adopted is determined by what stroke is being played. All stances involve a slight crouch. This allows for a more efficient striking posture whilst also isometrically preloading the muscles of the legs and core; this allows the stroke to be played more dynamically and with a greater level of overall control. When adopting their stance golfers start with
3030-479: A typical par-3 hole is less than 250 yards (230 m) in length, with a par-4 hole ranging between 251–450 yards (230–411 m), and a par-5 hole being longer than 450 yards (410 m); for women these boundaries are lower, and for professionals they are much increased. The rare par-6s can stretch well over 650 yards (590 m). These distances are based on the typical scratch golfer's drive distance of between 240 and 280 yards (220 and 260 m). Although length
3131-416: Is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit a ball into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible. Golf, unlike most ball games , cannot and does not use a standardized playing area, and coping with the varied terrains encountered on different courses is a key part of the game. Courses typically have either 9 or 18 holes , regions of terrain that each contain
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3232-426: Is about two hours for a 9-hole round and four hours for an 18-hole round. Playing a hole on a golf course is initiated by putting a ball into play by striking it with a club on the teeing ground (also called the tee box, or simply the tee). For this first shot on each hole, it is allowed but not required for the golfer to place the ball on a tee prior to striking it. A tee is a small peg that can be used to elevate
3333-670: Is certified as the oldest golf course in the world by Guinness World Records . The oldest surviving rules of golf were compiled in March 1744 for the Company of Gentlemen Golfers, later renamed The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers , which was played at Leith , Scotland. The world's oldest golf tournament in existence, and golf's first major, is The Open Championship , which was first played on 17 October 1860 at Prestwick Golf Club, in Ayrshire, Scotland, with Scottish golfers winning
3434-412: Is deemed to be won by the party in the lead, and the remainder of the holes are not played. For example, if one party already has a lead of six holes, and only five holes remain to be played on the course, the match is over and the winning party is deemed to have won "6 & 5". At any given point, if the lead is equal to the number of holes remaining, the party leading the match is said to be "dormie", and
3535-424: Is known as "conventional". There are many variations of conventional including overlap, where the golfer overlaps the off hand index finger onto off the dominant pinky; interlock, where the offhand index finger interlocks with the dominant pinky and ring finger; double or triple overlap and so on. Recently, "cross handed" putting has become a popular trend amongst professional golfers and amateurs. Cross handed putting
3636-520: Is not considered an amateur and may not participate in competitions limited solely to amateurs. However, amateur golfers may receive expenses that comply with strict guidelines and they may accept non-cash prizes within the limits established by the Rules of Amateur Status. In addition to the officially printed rules, golfers also abide by a set of guidelines called golf etiquette . Etiquette guidelines cover matters such as safety, fairness, pace of play, and
3737-441: Is still there today. Every round of golf is based on playing a number of holes in a given order. A "round" typically consists of 18 holes that are played in the order determined by the course layout. Each hole is played once in the round on a standard course of 18 holes. The game can be played by any number of people, although a typical group will have 1–4 people playing the round. The typical amount of time required for pace of play
3838-444: Is the driver or "1-wood", which is the lowest lofted wood club, and in modern times has become highly specialized for making extremely long-distance tee shots, up to 300 yards (270 m), or more, in a professional golfer's hands. Traditionally these clubs had heads made of a hardwood, hence the name, but virtually all modern woods are now made of metal such as titanium, or of composite materials. Irons are shorter-shafted clubs with
3939-407: Is the putter , which evolved from the irons to create a low-lofted, balanced club designed to roll the ball along the green and into the hole. Putters are virtually always used on the green or in the surrounding rough/fringe. A fourth class, called hybrids , evolved as a cross between woods and irons, and are typically seen replacing the low-lofted irons with a club that provides similar distance, but
4040-439: Is the idea that the dominant hand is on top of the grip where the weak hand is on the bottom. This grip restricts the motion in your dominant hand and eliminates the possibility of wrist breakdowns through the putting stroke. Other notable putting styles include "the claw", a style that has the grip directly in between the thumb and index finger of the dominant hand while the palm faces the target. The weak hand placed normally on
4141-722: Is the largest newspaper serving metropolitan Pittsburgh in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania . Descended from the Pittsburgh Gazette , established in 1786 as the first newspaper published west of the Allegheny Mountains , the paper formed under its present title in 1927 from the consolidation of the Pittsburgh Gazette Times and The Pittsburgh Post . The Post-Gazette ended daily print publication in 2018 and has cut down to two print editions per week (Sunday and Thursday), going online-only
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4242-450: Is the primary factor in calculating par, other factors are taken into account; however the number of strokes a scratch golfer should take to make the green remains foremost. Factors affecting the calculation include altitude, gradient of the land from the tee to green, and forced " lay-ups " due to dog-legs (sharp bends) or obstacles (e.g. bunkers, water hazards). Getting the ball onto the green in two strokes less than par, and hence meeting
4343-407: Is typically positioned more to the "front" of the player's stance (closer to the leading foot) for lower-lofted clubs, with the usual ball position for a drive being just behind the arch of the leading foot. The ball is placed further "back" in the player's stance (toward the trailing foot) as the loft of the club to be used increases. Most iron shots and putts are made with the ball roughly centered in
4444-406: Is used to transport golf clubs and the player's other or personal equipment. Golf bags have several pockets designed for carrying equipment and supplies such as tees, balls, and gloves. Golf bags can be carried, pulled on a trolley or harnessed to a motorized golf cart during play. Golf bags usually have both a hand strap and shoulder strap for carrying, others may be carried over both shoulders like
4545-634: The Dispatch and Leader . Four years later, William Randolph Hearst negotiated with the Olivers to purchase the morning Gazette Times and its evening sister, the Chronicle Telegraph , while Paul Block arranged to buy out the owner of the morning Post and evening Sun . After swapping the Sun in return for Hearst's Gazette Times , Block had both morning papers, which he combined to form
4646-543: The 1992 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography for a series of photo essays on 21-year-olds, which was published in the Post-Gazette and two other papers of the Block Newspapers group. This award cited Block Newspapers rather than the Post-Gazette specifically. The Post-Gazette won the 2019 Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting for its coverage of the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting . The paper
4747-687: The Gazette championed the Anti-Masonic movement. Craig turned the Gazette into the city's first daily paper, issued every afternoon except Sunday starting on July 30, 1833. In 1844, shortly after absorbing the Advocate , the Gazette switched its daily issue time to morning. Its editorial stance at the time was conservative and strongly favoring the Whig Party . By the 1850s the Gazette
4848-462: The Gazette published the newly adopted Constitution of the United States . In 1820, under publishers Eichbaum and Johnston and editor Morgan Neville, the name changed to Pittsburgh Gazette and Manufacturing and Mercantile Advertiser . David MacLean bought the paper in 1822, and later reverted to the former title. Under editor Neville B. Craig , whose service lasted from 1829 to 1841,
4949-575: The Gazette . Like its predecessors, the Post advocated the policies of the Democratic Party. Its political opposition to the Whig and later Republican Gazette was so enduring that an eventual combination of the two rivals would have seemed unlikely. The 1920s were a time of consolidation in the Pittsburgh newspaper market. In 1923, local publishers banded together to acquire and kill off
5050-578: The PGA Championship . While the modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland , the game's ancient origins are unclear and much debated. Some historians trace the sport back to the Roman game of paganica , in which participants used a bent stick to hit a stuffed leather ball. One theory asserts that paganica spread throughout Europe as the Romans conquered most of the continent, during
5151-555: The Post-Gazette and WPXI have on occasion had some news partnerships, the Post-Gazette's primary news partner is now the local CBS owned-and-operated station KDKA-TV . In 2019, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette was a founding member of Spotlight PA , an investigative reporting partnership focused on Pennsylvania. When John Craig handed editorial reign to David Shribman in 2003, Craig told Shribman that
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#17327869939435252-510: The Post-Gazette editorial page. Pittsburgh mayor William Peduto (who was both a friend of Rogers' and had been lampooned in his cartoons) called the paper's firing of Rogers "disappointing" and said it sent "the wrong message about press freedoms." The firing was strongly criticized by the Newspaper Guild of Pittsburgh and the National Cartoonists Society . The Association of American Editorial Cartoonists said in
5353-647: The Post-Gazette . Hearst united the evening papers, creating the Sun-Telegraph . Both new papers debuted on August 2, 1927. In 1960, Pittsburgh had three daily papers: the Post-Gazette in the morning, and the Pittsburgh Press and the Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph in the evening and on Sunday. The Post-Gazette bought the Sun-Telegraph and moved into the Sun-Telegraph' s Grant Street offices. The Post-Gazette tried to publish
5454-583: The Press shut down publication of the Press ; the joint operating agreement meant that the Post-Gazette also ceased to publish. During the strike, the Scripps Howard company sold the Press to the Block family, owners of the Post-Gazette . The Blocks did not resume printing the Press , and when the labor issue was resolved and publishing resumed, the Post-Gazette became the city's major paper, under
5555-708: The Pro Football Hall of Fame , and be used for the back cover of Tittle's autobiography and in a Miller Beer High-Life commercial in 2005. In 1938, Ray Sprigle won the Pulitzer Prize for Reporting for his investigation revealing that newly appointed Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black had been a member of the Ku Klux Klan . Staff photographer Martha Rial won the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography for her photographs of Rwandan and Burundian refugees. Photographer John Kaplan won
5656-686: The United States Golf Association (USGA). With the aim of simplifying the rules, in 2017 the USGA and R&A undertook a complete rewrite. The new rule book came into effect in January 2019. The underlying principle of the rules is fairness. As stated on the back cover of the official rule book: There are strict regulations regarding the amateur status of golfers. Essentially, anybody who has ever received payment or compensation for giving instruction, or played golf for money,
5757-571: The county seat of adjoining Westmoreland County , where it had published for years. While maintaining the original paper in its facilities in Greensburg, he expanded it with a new Pittsburgh edition to serve the city and its suburbs. Scaife named this paper the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review . Scaife has invested significant amounts of capital into upgraded facilities, separate offices and newsroom on Pittsburgh's North Side and
5858-410: The "general penalty" defined as two-strokes, and disqualification for severe or repeated rule breaches. Examples include: Golf clubs are used to hit a golf ball . Each club is composed of a shaft with a lance (or "grip") on the top end and a club head on the bottom. Long clubs, which have a lower amount of degree loft, are those meant to propel the ball a comparatively longer distance, and short clubs
5959-416: The 2010s, especially following the 2018 consolidation of its editorial department with that of longtime sister newspaper The Blade of Toledo, Ohio , and the appointment of The Blade's editorial page editor, Keith Burris, a frequent defender of Donald Trump , as the Post-Gazette's editorial page editor. Burris assumed the additional position of executive editor of the Post-Gazette in 2019. In 2020,
6060-623: The 2020 Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting for an investigation into sexual abuse in Pennsylvania's Amish and Mennonite communities. Michael Sallah , Michael Korsh and Evan Robinson-Johnson of the Post-Gazette , with ProPublica , won the 2023 George Polk Award for medical reporting for a series on Philips Respironics' efforts to continue marketing their breathing machines despite knowing they were dangerous to users. The Post-Gazette historically sided with modern liberalism in its editorial stance. However, it turned more conservative in
6161-522: The Friday edition. In June 2018, the Post Gazette fired its long-time editorial cartoonist, Rob Rogers , a previous Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning finalist who had worked at the paper for 25 years, having joined the paper in 1993 and worked under four supervising editors . The firing came in the context of increasing support for President Donald Trump and political conservatism on
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#17327869939436262-1608: The Gardens Open Tucson Open Turning Stone Resort Championship U.S. Professional Match Play Championship Utah Open Virginia Beach Open Virginia Open Waco Turner Open Walt Disney World Golf Classic West End Classic West Palm Beach Open Invitational Westchester Open Western Open WGC Championship WGC Match Play WGC-HSBC Champions WGC Invitational White Sulphur Springs Open Wisconsin State Open Workday Charity Open World Championship of Golf Yorba Linda Open Invitational Current PGA Tour events Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reading_Open&oldid=1231198027 " Categories : Former PGA Tour events Golf tournaments in Pennsylvania Sports in Reading, Pennsylvania Recurring sporting events established in 1947 Recurring sporting events disestablished in 1951 1947 establishments in Pennsylvania 1951 disestablishments in Pennsylvania Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description with empty Wikidata description Golf Golf
6363-509: The King that he playit with". To many golfers, the Old Course at St Andrews , a links course dating to before 1574, is considered to be a site of pilgrimage. In 1764, the standard 18-hole golf course was created at St Andrews when members modified the course from 22 to 18 holes. Golf is documented as being played on Musselburgh Links , East Lothian, Scotland as early as 2 March 1672, which
6464-577: The Scots language and the Old English word hlinc ("rising ground, ridge"): traditionally these are coastal sand dunes but sometimes open parkland. This gave rise to the term "golf links", particularly applied to seaside courses and those built on naturally sandy soil inland. The first 18-hole golf course in the United States was on a sheep farm in Downers Grove, Illinois , in 1892. The course
6565-432: The balance in muscles. Putting is considered to be the most important component of the game of golf. As the game of golf has evolved, there have been many different putting techniques and grips that have been devised to give golfers the best chance to make putts. When the game originated, golfers would putt with their dominant hand on the bottom of the grip and their weak hand on top of the grip. This grip and putting style
6666-442: The ball by taking their stance to the side of it and (except when the ball lies in a hazard) grounding the club behind the ball. The golfer then takes their backswing, rotating the club, their arms and their upper body away from the ball, and then begins their swing, bringing the clubhead back down and around to hit the ball. A proper golf swing is a complex combination of motions, and slight variations in posture or positioning can make
6767-590: The ball comes to rest, the golfer strikes it again as many times as necessary using shots that are variously known as a "lay-up", an "approach", a "pitch", or a " chip ", until the ball reaches the green, where the golfer then " putts " the ball into the hole (commonly called "sinking the putt" or "holing out"). The goal of getting the ball into the hole ("holing" the ball) in as few strokes as possible may be impeded by obstacles such as areas of longer grass called "rough" (usually found alongside fairways), which both slows any ball that contacts it and makes it harder to advance
6868-425: The ball in line with the desired path; that the clubface is in line with the swing path; and that the ball hits the centre or "sweet spot" of the clubface. The ability to do this consistently, across a complete set of clubs with a wide range of shaft lengths and clubface areas, is a key skill for any golfer, and takes a significant effort to achieve. Stance refers to how the golfer positions themselves in order to play
6969-559: The ball in motion, which delays "boundary layer" separation and reduces the drag-inducing "wake" behind the ball, thereby allowing the ball to fly farther. The combination of a soft "boundary layer" and a hard "core" enables both distance and spin. A tee is allowed only for the first stroke on each hole, unless the player must hit a provisional tee shot or replay their first shot from the tee. Many golfers wear golf shoes with metal or plastic spikes designed to increase traction, thus allowing for longer and more accurate shots. A golf bag
7070-482: The ball may "hook", "pull", "draw", "fade", "push" or "slice" off the intended line and land out of bounds or in the rough or hazards, and thus the player will require many more strokes to hole out. A golf stroke uses the muscles of the core (especially erector spinae muscles and latissimus dorsi muscle when turning), hamstring , shoulder , and wrist . Stronger muscles in the wrist can prevent them from being twisted during swings, whilst stronger shoulders increase
7171-413: The ball slightly above the ground up to a few centimetres high. Tees are commonly made of wood but may be constructed of any material, including plastic. Traditionally, golfers used mounds of sand to elevate the ball, and containers of sand were provided for the purpose. A few courses still require sand to be used instead of peg tees, to reduce litter and reduce damage to the teeing ground. Tees help reduce
7272-412: The bounds of the legal tee area, fairway , rough and other hazards , and the putting green surrounded by the fringe with the pin (normally a flagstick) and cup. The levels of grass are varied to increase difficulty, or to allow for putting in the case of the green. While many holes are designed with a direct line-of-sight from the teeing area to the green, some holes may bend either to the left or to
7373-473: The committee citing his "provocative illustrations that channeled cultural and historical references with expert artistry and an eye for hypocrisy and injustice." In 2020, the Post-Gazette prohibited its reporter Alexis Johnson from covering the George Floyd protests . The Post-Gazette said that Johnson, an African American , had shown bias by making a tweet that highlighted extensive littering from
7474-477: The committee may designate a maximum score possible for a hole for the same reasons, while formalizing the surrender or "pick-up" rule. The total distance from the first teeing ground to the 18th green can be quite long; total yardages "through the green" can be in excess of 7,000 yards (6,400 m), and when adding in the travel distance between the green of one hole and the tee of the next, even skilled players may easily travel 5 miles (8.0 km) or more during
7575-463: The earliest majors . Two Scotsmen from Dunfermline , John Reid and Robert Lockhart, first demonstrated golf in the U.S. by setting up a hole in an orchard in 1888, with Reid setting up America's first golf club the same year, Saint Andrew's Golf Club in Yonkers, New York. A golf course consists of either 9 or 18 holes, each with a teeing ground or "tee box" that is set off by two markers showing
7676-471: The first century BC, and eventually evolved into the modern game. Others cite chuiwan (捶丸; "chui" means striking and "wan" means small ball) as the progenitor, a Chinese game played between the eighth and fourteenth centuries. A Ming Dynasty scroll by the artist Youqiu dating back to 1368 entitled "The Autumn Banquet" shows a member of the Chinese Imperial court swinging what appears to be
7777-494: The full masthead name Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Sun-Telegraph/The Pittsburgh Press . The Block ownership did not take this opportunity to address labor costs, which had led to sale of the Press . This would come back to haunt them and lead to financial problems (see "Financial Challenges" below). During the strike, publisher Richard Mellon Scaife expanded his paper, the Greensburg Tribune-Review , based in
7878-475: The hole" after enough strokes have been made by a player that it is mathematically impossible for the player to win the hole. It is also acceptable in informal stroke play to surrender the hole after hitting three strokes more than the "par" rating of the hole (a "triple bogey" – see below); while technically a violation of Rule 3–2, this practice speeds play as a courtesy to others, and avoids "runaway scores" and excessive frustration. Alternatively, in competition,
7979-494: The hole. The primary factor for classifying the par of a relatively straight, hazard-free hole is the distance from the tee to the green, and calculates the number of strokes a skilled golfer is expected to require to reach the green with an additional allowance of 2 putts. As such, the minimum par of any hole is 3; one stroke for the tee shot and two putts. Par 3, 4 and 5 holes are commonplace on golf courses; far more rarely, courses may feature par-6 and even par-7 holes. For men,
8080-492: The interference of the ground or grass on the movement of the club making the ball easier to hit by elevating the ball from the playing surface. When the initial shot on a hole is intended to move the ball a long distance, typically more than 225 yards (210 m), the shot is commonly called a "drive" and is generally made with a long-shafted, large-headed wood club called a "driver". Shorter holes may be initiated with other clubs, such as higher-numbered woods or irons . Once
8181-413: The match is continued until the party increases the lead by one hole or ties any of the remaining holes, thereby winning the match, or until the match ends in a tie with the lead player's opponent winning all remaining holes. When the game is tied after the predetermined number of holes have been played, it may be continued until one side takes a one-hole lead. The score achieved for each and every hole of
8282-532: The naming rights to the facility and is now known as the KeyBank Pavilion . The newspaper once had ventures in television. In 1957, the Post-Gazette partnered with the H. Kenneth Brennen family, local radio owners, to launch WIIC-TV (now WPXI ) as the area's first full-time NBC affiliate. The Post-Gazette and the Brennens sold off the station to current owner Cox Enterprises in 1964. Although
8383-583: The non-dominant side of the body facing the target (for a right-hander, the target is to their left). Setting the stance in regard to the position of the ball, and placing the clubhead behind the ball, is known as being at address; when in this position the player's body and the centerline of the club face are positioned parallel to the desired line of travel, with the feet either perpendicular to that line or slightly splayed outward. The feet are commonly shoulder-width apart for middle irons and putters, narrower for short irons and wider for long irons and woods. The ball
8484-616: The paper charging unfair practices. As of March 2023 the strike had not been settled and the NLRB case was pending before an administrative law judge. As of January 2024, the unions were still on strike against the Post-Gazette. In April 2024 the National Labor Relations Board announced it was authorizing a request from the newspaper's unions to seek a temporary injunction against the Post-Gazette's ownership for violating workers' labor rights. The newspaper sponsored
8585-619: The paper purchased a new distribution facility in suburban Findlay Township, Pennsylvania . In 2015 the paper moved into a new, state-of-the-art office building on the North Shore on a portion of the former site of Three Rivers Stadium , ending 53 years in the former Press building and more than two centuries in Downtown. Block Communications sold the Downtown Post-Gazette building in 2019 to DiCicco Development, Inc.,
8686-424: The paper was handled by the larger Press office. This agreement stayed in place for over 30 years. The agreement gave the Post-Gazette a new home in the Press building, a comfortable upgrade from the hated "Sun-Telly barn". Constructed for the Press in 1927 and expanded with a curtain wall in 1962, the building served as the Post-Gazette headquarters until 2015. On May 17, 1992, a strike by workers for
8787-406: The paper was in terrible financial shape. It was around the time of Hanukkah , and Shribman quipped, "It seemed there was only enough oil in this newspaper to keep the light on for one year." In September 2006 the paper disclosed that it was experiencing financial challenges, largely related to its labor costs. The paper also disclosed it had not been profitable since printing had resumed in 1993. As
8888-574: The paper, merging it six years later with The Pittsburg Times to form The Gazette Times . The Pittsburgh Post first appeared on September 10, 1842, as the Daily Morning Post . It had its origin in three pro- Democratic weeklies, the Mercury , Allegheny Democrat , and American Manufacturer , which came together through a pair of mergers in the early 1840s. The three papers had for years engaged in bitter editorial battles with
8989-507: The par calculation criteria, is called making "green in regulation" or GIR. Missing a GIR does not necessarily mean a golfer will not make par, but it does make doing so more difficult as it reduces the number of putts available; conversely, making a GIR does not guarantee a par, as the player might require three or more putts to "hole out". Professional golfers typically make between 60% and 70% of greens in regulation. Eighteen-hole courses typically total to an overall par score of 70 to 72 for
9090-426: The professional and top amateur level, as well as at high-level private clubs, players may be accompanied by caddies , who carry and manage the players' equipment and who are allowed by the rules to give advice on the play of the course. The rules of golf are internationally standardised and are jointly governed by The R&A , spun off in 2004 from The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (founded 1754), and
9191-447: The putter. Anchored putting, a style that requires a longer putter shaft that can be anchored into the player's stomach or below the chin; the idea is to stabilize one end of the putter thus creating a more consistent pendulum stroke. This style has been banned on professional circuits since 2016. A hole is classified by its par, which gives an indication of the number of strokes a skilled golfer may be expected to need to complete play of
9292-527: The rest of the week. In the 2010s, the editorial tone of the paper shifted from liberal to conservative , particularly after the editorial pages of the paper were consolidated in 2018 with The Blade of Toledo, Ohio . After the consolidation, Keith Burris, the pro- Trump editorial page editor of The Blade , directed the editorial pages of both papers. Copies are sold for $ 4 daily (Thursdays) and $ 6 Sundays/Thanksgiving Day in-state. This includes Allegheny and adjacent counties. Prices are higher outside
9393-554: The right. This is commonly called a "dogleg", in reference to a dog's knee. The hole is called a "dogleg left" if the hole angles leftwards and "dogleg right" if it bends right. Sometimes, a hole's direction may bend twice; this is called a "double dogleg". A regular golf course consists of 18 holes, but nine-hole courses are common and can be played twice through for a full round of 18 holes. Early Scottish golf courses were primarily laid out on links land, soil-covered sand dunes directly inland from beaches. The word "links" derives from
9494-423: The round or tournament is added to produce the total score, and the player with the lowest score wins in stroke play . Stroke play is the game most commonly played by professional golfers. If there is a tie after the regulation number of holes in a professional tournament, a playoff takes place between all tied players. Playoffs either are sudden death or employ a pre-determined number of holes, anywhere from three to
9595-413: The stance, while a few mid- and short-iron shots are made with the ball slightly behind the centre of the stance to ensure consistent contact between the ball and clubface, so the ball is on its way before the club continues down into the turf. The golfer chooses a golf club, grip, and stroke appropriate to the distance: Having chosen a club and stroke to produce the desired distance, the player addresses
9696-437: The state. PG staff have been on strike since October 2022. The Post-Gazette began its history as a four-page weekly called The Pittsburgh Gazette , first published on July 29, 1786, with the encouragement of Hugh Henry Brackenridge . It was the first newspaper published west of the Allegheny Mountains . Published by Joseph Hall and John Scull, the paper covered the start of the nation. As one of its first major articles,
9797-408: The turning force. Weak wrists can also transmit the force to elbows and even neck and lead to injury. (When a muscle contracts, it pulls equally from both ends and, to have movement at only one end of the muscle, other muscles must come into play to stabilize the bone to which the other end of the muscle is attached.) Golf is a unilateral exercise that can break body balances, requiring exercises to keep
9898-564: Was created at the Old Course at St Andrews in 1764. Golf's first major , and the world's oldest golf tournament, is The Open Championship , also known as The Open, which was first played in 1860 at the Prestwick Golf Club in Ayrshire, Scotland. This is one of the four major championships in men's professional golf, the other three being played in the United States: The Masters , the U.S. Open , and
9999-539: Was credited with helping to organize a local chapter of the new Republican Party , and with contributing to the election of Abraham Lincoln . The paper was one of the first to suggest tensions between North and South would erupt in war. After consolidating with the Commercial in 1877, the paper was again renamed and was then known as the Commercial Gazette . In 1900, George T. Oliver acquired
10100-567: Was played annually in Loenen, Netherlands, beginning in 1297, to commemorate the capture of the assassin of Floris V , a year earlier. The modern game originated in Scotland , where the first written record of golf is James II 's banning of the game in 1457, as an unwelcome distraction to learning archery. James IV lifted the ban in 1502 when he became a golfer himself, with golf clubs first recorded in 1503–1504: "For golf clubbes and balles to
10201-842: Was praised for its "immersive, compassionate coverage." In 1997, Bill Moushey won the National Press Club ’s Freedom of Information Award on a series investigating the Federal Witness Protection Program and was a finalist for the Pulitzer. The Post-Gazette also won the Wilbur Award from the Religion Communicators Council (RCC) in 2017 for religion editor Peter Smith's work, Silent Sanctuaries . Smith, Stephanie Strasburg, and Shelly Bradbury were finalists for
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