Ready Ref Sheets is a supplement for fantasy role-playing games published by Judges Guild in 1977.
68-495: Ready Ref Sheets is a supplement containing reference tables for use by the gamemaster including items such as encounters, social levels for characters, obstacles to movement, rates for movement in wilderness terrain, times for magical research, and results of resurrection checks. Ready Ref Sheets was published by Judges Guild in 1977 as a 56-page book. Judges Guild published a second edition in 1978. In 1976, Judges Guild began releasing packages to their early subscribers in
136-445: A cult classic and a "flawed masterpiece"; when Paradox Interactive acquired the series, they had considered Bloodlines the "crown jewel" of World of Darkness , and something they knew from the start that they wanted to bring back with a sequel . World of Darkness has been critically well received, with several of its games having won or been nominated for awards, and with Vampire: The Masquerade having been inducted into
204-465: A moderator or administrator . In MUD game masters were called " wizards ." Gamemastering in the form found in traditional role-playing games has also been used in semi-automatic virtual worlds. However, human moderation was sometimes considered unfair or out of context in an otherwise automated world. As online games expanded, gamemaster duties expanded to include being a customer service representative for an online community . A gamemaster in such
272-471: A "crude and disrespectful" way, Paradox Interactive integrated White Wolf Publishing directly into the parent company, made changes to its leadership, suspended sales and printings of the books, and halted its development and publishing of World of Darkness games. The material was removed from the books, and Vampire: The Masquerade development was moved to the licensee Modiphius Entertainment and collaborators including Onyx Path Publishing. Starting with
340-549: A character interpreted as being a pedophile , leading to accusations that they were catering to neo-Nazi groups. White Wolf Publishing denied that this was their intention, and apologized. Following the use of the real-world anti-gay purges in Chechnya as the backdrop for fictional events in Vampire: The Masquerade sourcebooks, in what Paradox Interactive's vice president of business development described as
408-462: A collectible card game on their own, Rage , based on Werewolf: The Apocalypse , from 1995 to 1996, which was even more successful than The Eternal Struggle ; Five Rings Publishing licensed it, and continued producing it in 1998–1999. Two other Vampire: The Masquerade card games, Vendetta and Rivals , were released in 2021 by Horrible Guild and Renegade Game Studios, respectively. A story-based board game , Vampire: The Masquerade – Chapters ,
476-424: A communication structure is needed for both diegetic or non-diegetic communication. Effective gamemastering can require specialized user interfaces that are highly game specific. Certain sourcebooks simulate the decisions of a gamemaster by various means for either group or solo gaming. These include works such as Mythic Game Master Emulator, which employs an oracle system to allow players to play TTRPGs without
544-456: A facilitator, organizer, officiant regarding rules, arbitrator, and moderator for a multiplayer role-playing game . The act performed by a gamemaster is sometimes referred to as "gamemastering" or simply "GM-ing." The role of a GM in a traditional tabletop role-playing game (TTRPG) is to weave together the other participants' player-characters' (PCs) stories, control the non-player characters (NPCs), describe or create environments in which
612-737: A game is either an experienced volunteer player or an employee of the game's publisher. They enforce the game's rules by banishing spammers, player killers , cheaters, and hackers and by solving players' problems by providing general customer service. For their tasks they use special tools and characters that allow them to do things like teleport to players, summon items, and browse logs that record players' activities. World of Warcraft has employees of Blizzard Entertainment that serve as gamemasters to help users with various problems in gameplay, chat, and other things like account and billing issues. A gamemaster in this game will communicate with players through chat that has blue text and they will also have
680-454: A gamemaster. World of Darkness World of Darkness is a series of tabletop role-playing games , originally created by Mark Rein-Hagen for White Wolf Publishing . It began as an annual line of five games in 1991–1995, with Vampire: The Masquerade , Werewolf: The Apocalypse , Mage: The Ascension , Wraith: The Oblivion , and Changeling: The Dreaming , along with off-shoots based on these. The series ended in 2004, and
748-508: A large focus on lore and overarching narrative, whereas Chronicles of Darkness 's setting has no such narrative and presents the details of its setting as optional. The series has been well received critically for its setting, writing, and art direction, and has won or been nominated for awards including the Origins Award . It has also been commercially successful, with millions of game books sold; by 2001, Vampire: The Masquerade
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#1732787638888816-589: A mage tradition in Mage: The Ascension . The rights to Ars Magica were sold to Wizards of the Coast in 1994, and the histories of the games were separated. Rein-Hagen constantly moved on to designing new games after finishing one, designing all the original five games except Mage: The Ascension , which was designed by White Wolf Publishing's founders, brothers Stewart and Steve Wieck , and Chris Earley; as such, new staff were brought in to manage
884-475: A new model of role-playing games with a historical setting based on previous games, resulting in Vampire: The Dark Ages (1996), Werewolf: The Wild West (1997), and Mage: The Sorcerers Crusade (1998), of which only Vampire: The Dark Ages sold well. This led to the cancellation of the underperforming Wraith line, with the release of the historical-setting Wraith: The Great War and
952-500: A special "GM" tag and Blizzard logo in front of their names. RuneScape has more than 500 moderators employed by Jagex to assist players and perform administrative duties in-game and on the site forums. These Jagex Moderators , as they are called, usually have the word "Mod" and a gold crown preceding their account names which ordinary players are not permitted to use. The game also has Player Moderators and Forum Moderators who are player volunteers helping with moderation, having
1020-467: A standout compared to previous "lackluster" World of Darkness novels. New World of Darkness novelizations started to disappear around 2006, but have since resumed. The series has been adapted into comics, sometimes published in the World of Darkness tabletop game books, but also as comic books, including Vampire: The Masquerade and Werewolf: The Apocalypse lines published by Moonstone Books in
1088-442: A trajectory desired by the game author. To ensure proper gamemastering can take place, four components are needed: some kind of sensory system to the game allowing the game masters to know current events, providing dynamic game information; dynamic and static game information lets game masters make informed decisions; decisions need to be actuated into the game, either through the game system or through manual intervention; and finally
1156-399: A variety of names, such as MCs (master of ceremonies). GMs are typically hobbyists; however, they are sometimes paid employees or entertainers for hire. This is more common for online games. Paid GMing was very uncommon for TTRPGs before the 2020s. In a role-playing game context, the term gamemaster was first used by Dave Arneson while developing his game Blackmoor in 1971, although
1224-673: Is in development by Flyos Games. A large number of World of Darkness novels and anthologies have been published, starting with the Werewolf: The Apocalypse anthology Drums Around the Fire in 1993, and were described by What Do I Read Next? A Reader's Guide to Current Genre Fiction as "old-fashioned adventures" in the style of pulp fiction . The books were popular and helped White Wolf Publishing grow, and were described as leading among horror novelizations by The Mammoth Book of Best New Horror in 1996, but were in
1292-605: Is the Offensive Locution (verbal melee) rules, providing characters with a means for engaging in 'witticism' and 'repartee.' Another great piece is the Non-Player Character Cutups table, where you roll dice to see what horrendous social gaffe your hirelings have just committed ('This is to be used at judge's discretion, in large crowds, taverns, on the street, etc.'). This supplement contains lots of other wacky and even relatively useful stuff, like
1360-602: The Clanbook series, describing vampire clans, and the Kithbook line, covering types of fae. The games in the original series are set in a shared universe, also named the World of Darkness, which is a dark, gothic - punk interpretation of the real world, rife with corruption. In it, supernatural beings such as vampires, mages, and werewolves exist in secrecy, influencing humanity and clashing against each other; players take
1428-590: The Initial Package but otherwise similar. Judges Guild later included many of the charts from installments I , J , and K in a package called the Ready Ref Sheets (1977) as part of making their previous subscription material available to retail customers. A listing of cumulative sales from 1981 shows that Ready Ref Sheets sold over 20,000 units. Different Worlds Publications later acquired and distributed Judges Guild game products, including
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#17327876388881496-581: The Old or Classic World of Darkness and the New World of Darkness . Onyx Path Publishing's in-development Vampire: The Masquerade 4th Edition , which they had announced only a few months earlier, was cancelled following this, as Paradox Interactive planned to publish their own fifth edition. The Paradox Interactive incarnation of White Wolf Publishing released the fifth edition of Vampire: The Masquerade in 2018, which included references to neo-Nazis and
1564-470: The Origins Award hall of fame. The series has also been highly successful financially, primarily in the United States, with over three million game books sold by the late 1990s; around 1995, new World of Darkness releases were frequently top sellers, making White Wolf the second biggest publisher of tabletop role-playing games at the time after TSR, Inc. , and by 2001, Vampire: The Masquerade
1632-617: The Ready Ref Sheets . Don Turnbull reviewed Ready Ref Sheets for White Dwarf #3. Turnbull commented: "Needless to say, it is very helpful to DM and players alike to have these useful data assembled in compact form and in sufficient copies to go round the same board conveniently." Ken Rolston reviewed the Different Worlds Publications version of Ready Ref Sheets in The Dragon #133. Rolston commented that "Here are 56 pages of neat junk. My favorite
1700-502: The World of Darkness team at Paradox Interactive plans the setting's overarching narrative, and coordinates with external developers, such as those of World of Darkness video game adaptations, to ensure cohesion. In addition to the tabletop games, the series has expanded into other media, including video games, card and board games, the Mind's Eye Theatre series of live action role-playing games , novels, fiction anthologies, comics,
1768-672: The campaign setting . The role of a gamemaster in an online game is to enforce the game's rules and provide general customer service. Gaming systems have their own names for the role of the GM. For example, in Dungeons & Dragons , they are called dungeon masters , in the World of Darkness games, they are called storytellers, and in Powered by the Apocalypse games they are called
1836-493: The improvisational script is built, as well as all the bit parts and supporting characters . Gamemasters can also be in charge of RPG board games making the events and setting challenges. GMs may choose to run a game based on a published game world , with the maps and history already in place; such game worlds often have pre-written adventures. Alternatively, the GM may build their own world and script their own adventures . In early virtual worlds , gamemasters served as
1904-452: The reboot Chronicles of Darkness was launched the same year with a new line of games. In 2011, the original series was brought back, and the two have since been published concurrently. The games in the series have a shared setting , also named the World of Darkness, which is a dark, gothic - punk interpretation of the real world, where supernatural beings such as vampires and werewolves exist in secrecy. The original series' setting has
1972-418: The 1980s. In typical play-by-mail games, players control armies or civilizations and mail their chosen actions to the GM. The GM then mails the updated game state to all players on a regular basis. Usage in a wargaming context includes Guidon Games 1973 ruleset, Ironclad . The gamemaster prepares the game session for the players and the characters they play (known as player characters or PCs), describes
2040-510: The 1996 television series Kindred: The Embraced , the actual play web series L.A. by Night (2018), Seattle by Night (2019), Vein Pursuit (2020), and The Nightlife (2021), and an in-development film and television franchise. Although World of Darkness multimedia projects slowed down under CCP Games, production began anew after Paradox Interactive acquired the series. A collectible card game based on Vampire: The Masquerade
2108-504: The 1999 supplement Ends of Empire , which functioned as a finale to the game's metaplot. In 1997, White Wolf Publishing developed another model, where they would release a game that required another World of Darkness rule book to play, which thereby would get the same attention as a new stand-alone core game without requiring them to further support it with supplements; this was used for 1997's Mummy Second Edition and its 2001 re-release Mummy: The Resurrection , and 1998's Kindred of
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2176-595: The 2020 book Vampire: The Masquerade Companion , Paradox Interactive introduced further changes to the handling of the series: headed by creative lead Justin Achilli , they would develop core game books internally, while collaborator Renegade Game Studios would develop other game material. Along with this reorganization, Paradox Interactive announced that World of Darkness development from then on would involve sensitivity reviewers to ensure respectful portrayal of themes and topics. In addition to tabletop game development,
2244-622: The Asia-themed Kindred of the East and the historical Vampire: The Dark Ages . The 2004 reboot series, Chronicles of Darkness , consists of eleven game lines: Vampire: The Requiem , Werewolf: The Forsaken , Mage: The Awakening , Promethean: The Created , Changeling: The Lost , Hunter: The Vigil , Geist: The Sin-Eaters , Mummy: The Curse , Demon: The Descent , Beast: The Primordial , and Deviant: The Renegades . Most of these are based on concepts from
2312-438: The East . The two final major modern-day-setting World of Darkness role-playing games, Hunter: The Reckoning and Demon: The Fallen , followed in 1999 and 2002, after which White Wolf Publishing returned to historical-setting games with Victorian Age: Vampire and Dark Ages: Vampire , a new edition of Vampire: The Dark Ages , and a line of Dark Ages games based on other World of Darkness games that, like Kindred of
2380-484: The East and Mummy , required a main game's rule book to be played. A final game, Orpheus , was released in 2003 as a sequel to Wraith . In 2004, following dwindling sales, White Wolf Publishing ended the series with the major event Time of Judgment : a line of books that ended the overarching narratives of Vampire: The Masquerade , Werewolf: The Apocalypse , Mage: The Ascension , Changeling: The Dreaming , Demon: The Fallen , Hunter: The Reckoning , Kindred of
2448-542: The East , and Mummy: The Resurrection . Following this, White Wolf Publishing rebooted the series with the 2004 rulebook The World of Darkness , and released new games with updated Storytelling System gameplay rules and a new setting, beginning with Vampire: The Requiem in 2004 and Werewolf: The Forsaken and Mage: The Awakening in 2005. In 2006, the Icelandic video game developer CCP Games acquired White Wolf Publishing and their intellectual properties, with
2516-828: The Keeper of Arcane Lore (in the occult -themed Call of Cthulhu ), the Hollyhock God ( Nobilis , in which the hollyhock represents vanity), the Groundskeeper (in the spooky Bluebeard's Bride ), the Mall Rat (in Visigoths vs. Mall Goths ), or the Gaymaster (in LGBTQ -centered Thirsty Sword Lesbians ). The term gamemaster and the role associated with it have been used in the postal gaming hobby since
2584-516: The Online Gaming Forum had only one real requirement (that is, be a member of AOL), OGFs were given powers quite similar to AOL "Guides" and could use them at will to discipline users as they saw appropriate. Battleground Europe , a medium-sized MMOFPS , has a team of Game Moderators , anonymous volunteers who moderate the game. Miniconomy , a smaller text-based MMO , has a team of Federals , experienced players that help moderate
2652-509: The PCs can interact, and solve any player disputes. This basic role is the same in almost all traditional TTRPGs, with minor differences specific to differing rule sets. However, in some indie role-playing games , the GM role significantly differs from the traditional pattern. For example, in Powered by the Apocalypse systems, the other players assist the GM in creating both the NPCs and the details of
2720-469: The Swedish video game publisher Paradox Interactive . Following this, the rebooted World of Darkness series was renamed Chronicles of Darkness , while the original series remained as World of Darkness . This was done to prevent confusion among players over there being two series and settings with the same name: Prior to the renaming, the two had been distinguished from each other by being referred to as
2788-661: The ability to mute (block from chatting) other players who violate rules. In Helldivers 2 , a third-person shooter by Arrowhead Game Studios , a singular employee, named Joel Hakalax, functions as a game master for the playerbase. The game features many real-time events where territory is gained or lost, which are determined at the discretion of the game master. The now defunct America Online Online Gaming Forum used to use volunteers selected by applications from its user base. These people were simply referred to as OGFs by other members, and their screennames were indicative of their position (i.e., OGF Moose, etc.). While membership in
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2856-405: The character types, stripping the many vampire clans and werewolf tribes from the original series down to five each. The person leading campaigns – a role called gamemaster or dungeon master in other games – is called a storyteller in World of Darkness , highlighting how the series is more focused on collaborative storytelling than on combat or on players overcoming the game leader's challenges;
2924-493: The early 2000s, and a Vampire: The Masquerade series published by Vault Comics since 2020. There are several video game adaptations of the series, based on Vampire: The Masquerade , Hunter: The Reckoning , Mage: The Ascension , Werewolf: The Apocalypse , and Wraith: The Oblivion . Critical reception of the games has varied, ranging from average to positive, with 2004's Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines standing out, being described by video game publications as
2992-412: The elaborate Crime, Trial, and Punishment rules. Ready Ref Sheets deserves a six-star rating." Lawrence Schick , in his book Heroic Worlds , commented that it contains "More tables than you can shake a stick at, basically. Gamemaster A gamemaster ( GM ; also known as game master , game manager , game moderator , referee , storyteller , or master of ceremonies ) is a person who acts as
3060-466: The end not financially successful, due to book chains closing mall stores in 1995–1996 and returning a large amount of unsold books to the publisher. By 1998, What Do I Read Next? considered the novelizations to have improved in quality, citing White Wolf's move to commissioning established horror and fantasy writers; in 2002, Black Gate considered Andrew Bates's Year of the Scarab Trilogy
3128-414: The events taking place and decides on the outcomes of players' decisions. The gamemaster also keeps track of non-player characters (NPCs) and random encounters , as well as of the general state of the game world. The game session (or " adventure ") can be metaphorically described as a play , in which the players are the lead actors, and the GM provides the stage , the scenery , the basic plot on which
3196-474: The first in a planned series of five annual games, Vampire: The Masquerade was released in 1991, and was followed by Werewolf: The Apocalypse (1992), Mage: The Ascension (1993), Wraith: The Oblivion (1994), and Changeling: The Dreaming (1995), all set in the same world and using the Storyteller rule system. This rapid expansion with new games, although successful and capturing players' and
3264-451: The first usage in print may have been Chivalry & Sorcery . Each gaming system has its own name for the role of the gamemaster, such as "judge," "narrator," "referee," "director," or "storyteller," and these terms not only describe the role of the GM in general but also help define how the game is intended to be run. For example, the most famous of such terms, the " Dungeon Master " (or "DM") in Dungeons & Dragons , highlights
3332-465: The format of loose leaf sheets in a large envelope, sometimes with a stapled booklet, starting with their Initial Package (1976) that came in a plain, unmarked envelope. Since the Initial Package was labeled with an "I," Judges Guild continued releasing subsequent subscription packages with first "J," then "K," then "L," and so on, on a bimonthly schedule. Installment J: Thunderhold (1976) and Installment K: City State Campaign (1977) were smaller than
3400-481: The game and interactions. Transformice , an online multiplayer platformer, has a team of volunteer moderators called Mods who are experienced players that help moderate the game and interactions. ARMA 3 , an open-world military tactical shooter, has a Zeus role that allows any player slotted in that role to place down almost any asset in the game including infantry and vehicles, objectives, intelligence, and score-keeping modules. The Zeus can also modify aspects of
3468-543: The game lines, including Andrew Greenberg for Vampire and Bill Bridges for Werewolf , who came to define the look and feel of the series. An economic downturn for White Wolf Publishing in 1995–1996, caused in part by bookstore returns for World of Darkness novelizations, led to a falling out between Rein-Hagen and the Wieck brothers, after which Rein-Hagen left the company. As the original planned five annual games had already been published, White Wolf Publishing next devised
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#17327876388883536-492: The game's focus on dungeon crawling . The Storyteller System used in White Wolf Game Studio 's storytelling games calls its GM the "storyteller," while the rules - and setting -focused Marvel Super Heroes role-playing game calls its GM the "judge." The cartoon inspired role-playing game Toon calls its GM the "animator." Some games apply flavorful names to the GM to fit the genre or setting, such as
3604-430: The industry's interest, led to often flawed first editions, prompting several revised, new editions of the core rulebooks between 1992–2000, resulting in Mage: The Ascension morphing a lot between its editions as its themes changed. Ars Magica was initially tied to World of Darkness and used as a historical backdrop: its House Tremere was reused as a vampire clan in Vampire: The Masquerade , and its Order of Hermes as
3672-442: The information as optional and something one may choose whether to include in one's game. The supplements often take the form of a book describing a location as it is portrayed in the setting, such as Vampire: The Masquerade 's series of By Night books and Werewolf: The Apocalypse 's Rage Across series. Several splatbooks – sourcebooks detailing character classes or organizations – have also been published, such as
3740-434: The intention of developing an online video game based on World of Darkness . Business continued as usual until 2009, when CCP Games started transferring White Wolf Publishing staff to video game development and slowed down tabletop game production. The CCP Games incarnation of White Wolf Publishing published its last print products for distribution in 2011, with Vampire: The Masquerade 20th Anniversary Edition , an update of
3808-539: The metaplot when running games. In his book series Designers & Dragons , Shannon Appelcline considered the series' focus on metaplot to likely be what had caused sales to dwindle prior to the reboot, as players would have stopped playing the games when feeling they could not keep up with the story. Reactions to the Chronicles of Darkness setting have been divided, with some preferring the original series' setting for being more fantastical and grand in scale, and some
3876-465: The original series, directly as with Vampire: The Requiem and Vampire: The Masquerade , or indirectly as with Geist and Wraith , which both deal with spirits. Both series are supported with supplementary sourcebooks detailing backgrounds and character types, which can be used when creating adventures for one's players; pre-made adventure modules have also occasionally been published. The Chronicles of Darkness sourcebooks in particular present
3944-503: The point where Tor.com and Backstab recommended using them even when running non- Chronicles of Darkness games. Fenix appreciated the speed of creating characters and of playing, comparing the system of dice pools and dots favorably to number-based role-playing game systems. In his 2023 book Monsters, Aliens, and Holes in the Ground , RPG historian Stu Horvath noted, "For all of the innovation and great ideas on display across all of
4012-580: The pre-reboot game. Amid mass layoffs at CCP Games the same year, leaving few resources to produce tabletop games, White Wolf Publishing's creative director Rich Thomas formed Onyx Path Publishing and licensed both of the World of Darkness series, continuing support for them and producing new material. This included further anniversary editions, and new games like Mummy: The Curse (2013) and Demon: The Descent (2014); these projects were frequently financed through crowdfunding. White Wolf Publishing and its intellectual properties were sold again in 2015, to
4080-439: The reboot's more grounded setting. The original series' rules were criticized by Arcane as, although generally easy to understand, often having confusing and unclear combat rules, while Tor.com described them as having a recurring problem with statistical anomalies. The updated gameplay rules of Chronicles of Darkness were however generally seen as a big improvement, and seen by critics as fluid, elegant and open-ended, to
4148-446: The roles of these beings, who belong to various classes such as Vampire: The Masquerade 's vampire clans, and Werewolf: The Apocalypse 's werewolf tribes. The series as a whole is themed around personal horror, while individual games have their own themes, such as redemption and humanity in Vampire: The Masquerade , and hubris in Mage: The Ascension . The series is known for its focus on metaplot – an overarching story for
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#17327876388884216-508: The rules exist to give players a framework for telling stories, and players are rewarded by being part of the setting rather than by escalating power levels. Chronicles of Darkness has a larger focus on making the gameplay systems work together, enabling easier cross-over play between the games. The World of Darkness series began development in 1990 by game designer Mark Rein-Hagen at White Wolf Publishing , as his next major role-playing game project after 1987's Ars Magica . Designed as
4284-591: The series' "fabulous artwork" as one of its major strengths, Fenix praising the series' mood and the quality of the writing, and Realms of Fantasy appreciating the broad scope and the familiarity to players due to being based on the real world. Shadis described the setting as "truly unique", bringing something never before seen to games. Some publications found the setting too crowded or defined, however; Diehard GameFan thought this took away from opportunities for horror, and Tor.com thought it left little room to tell new stories, often choosing to ignore
4352-453: The setting that advances as new game books are released. Whereas the original series has a large focus on lore and background information for its setting, the urban horror Chronicles of Darkness setting does not to the same extent; it does not have a metaplot, and it presents any setting information as strictly optional to include in campaigns. With its lesser focus on lore and less defined world, Chronicles of Darkness also streamlines
4420-411: The world itself including time, weather, and wildlife to create dynamically progressing stories. Neverwinter Nights and Vampire: The Masquerade – Redemption are video game adaptations of tabletop role-playing games that are played online with one player acting as a traditional gamemaster. Gamemastering, sometimes referred to as Orchestration is used in pervasive games to guide players along
4488-443: Was released by Wizards of the Coast in 1994 as Jyhad , before being re-launched a year later as Vampire: The Eternal Struggle ; Wizards of the Coast continued publishing it until 1996, and then White Wolf took over, publishing it in 2000–2010. In 2018, Black Chantry Productions licensed The Eternal Struggle , reprinting old cards and continuing production of the game. Following The Eternal Struggle , White Wolf also published
4556-456: Was the second best selling tabletop role-playing game after TSR, Inc.'s Dungeons & Dragons . Onyx Path Publishing's crowdfunding campaigns for World of Darkness games and material have also been successful, particularly those for the original series, such as the anniversary editions of Werewolf: The Apocalypse and Mage: The Ascension . The series' setting, plot, and art direction have been well received, with Rue Morgue describing
4624-507: Was the second highest selling tabletop role-playing game after TSR, Inc. 's Dungeons & Dragons . The series has been adapted into other media, including the television series Kindred: The Embraced , actual play web series , novels and anthologies, comic books, card games, and a line of video games . The original World of Darkness series consists of eight core lines of role-playing games which were originally released from 1991 to 2002: As well as off-shoots based on these, such as
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