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90-432: The municipality lies at an altitude of 124 metres and covers an area of 9.921 km². It has a population of 1420 people. Pagan tomb-mounds excavated in an around Reca confirm the presence of Magyar mounted border guards from the 10th century. In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1256, and was part of the dominion of Matthias Csák , the magnate of Trencsén . Documents confirm that before Csak, during

180-495: A brother, George, who died as a baby before Francis was born, and a sister, Julianna Rákóczi, later Countess of Aspremont-Lynden , who was four years older than Francis. His father died when he was four months old. Upon Ferenc I's death, his widow requested guardianship of her children; however, the advisors of Emperor Leopold I insisted that he retain guardianship of both Ferenc and his sister, especially as Francis I had willed this before death. Despite further difficulties, Zrínyi

270-459: A deceased person on 9 August 1284. The Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgensis mentions that Ladislaus IV ate together with two barons, including "a brother of" Matthew Csák in 1282. Then he told the guards to arrest the two barons, who, however, chose death. Matthew Csák, accordingly, fled Hungary, but the queen Isabella of Sicily called him back to take part in the funeral procession. Matthew made an alliance with other disgruntled nobles and sent

360-569: A descendant of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary . The couple moved to the Rákóczi castle at Sárospatak, where Rákóczi began to manage his properties. The Treaty of Karlowitz on 26 January 1699, forced Thököly and Zrínyi into exile. Rákóczi remained in Vienna under the Emperor's supervision. Relying on the prevalent anti-Habsburg sentiment, remnants of Thököly's peasant army started a new uprising in

450-541: A diplomatic mission to Rudolf I of Germany . Historian Veronika Rudolf identified Matthew's captured and assassinated brother with Stephen, if at all the text can be accepted as authentic. However, Matthew soon died, so the matter was dropped from the agenda. Despite his successful political and military career, Matthew II was not among the largest landowners in Hungary. He had estates in Komárom County , north of

540-522: A keeping of a certain distance" remained alive even after there was no longer any justification of property, i.e. in the second half of the 20th century. Reca is the setting for the epic Hungarian film Rákóczi hadnagya (1954), or "Rákóczi's Lieutenant" in English. The heroic officer in the film, Lieutenant János Bornemissza, is driven by his "patriotism to Hungary and love for the beautiful Anna Bíró from Reca". When Reca falls into labanc hands Anna

630-455: A large-scale invasion against Hungary in the spring of 1273. As a result, the rival barons, including Matthew, formed a unity coalition against the invading Bohemians, putting aside their differences against each other. Despite the earlier conflicts, the Csáks were temporarily considered supporters of reconciliation with Ottokar II in 1275, for domestic political reasons, in order to counterbalance

720-582: A new copper-based coinage, which was not easily accepted in Hungary as people were used to silver coins. Nevertheless, Rákóczi managed to maintain his military advantage for a while – but after 1706, his army was forced into retreat. A meeting of the Hungarian Diet (consisting of 6 bishops, 36 aristocrats and about 1000 representatives of the lower nobility of 25 counties), held near Szécsény ( Nógrád County ) in September 1705, elected Rákóczi to be

810-530: Is excellent and hospitality takes the first place there. They are proud of their ample herds and satisfied with the fruit of their farming. Vályi, András (1796): Hungarian village in Bratislava Castle County. Lord County Pálffy is the greatest landowner. The inhabitants are Catholics and Protestants, and the village is occupied by a number of nobles. It is half a mile from Puszta Födémes. The burghers of Bratislava send their young children to

900-445: Is imprisoned and only rescued by Bornemissza at the end of the film. Matthew II Cs%C3%A1k Matthew (II) from the kindred Csák ( Hungarian : Csák nembeli (II.) Máté ; Slovak : Matúš Čák II ; Romanian : Matei Csáki al II-lea ; c . 1235 – 1283 or 1284) was a powerful Hungarian baron, landowner and military leader, who held several secular positions during the reign of kings Béla IV , Stephen V and Ladislaus IV . He

990-568: Is recorded as judge ( iuidex nobilium ) of Pozsony County . Nicholas of Reca was canon and vice-dean, and from 1489 to 1499 dean of the Chapter of Bratislava. Between 1504 and 1540, Andreas de Réthe was viscount ( vice-comes ) of Pozsony County ( Bratislava ). In the 17th century Péter Réthey was a familiaris (a Hungarian type of vassalage) of the Báthory family , whose members were Kings of Poland and Princes of Transylvania at

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1080-607: Is remembered a Hungarian national hero, and is honored in various ways by modern Hungarians. His equestrian statue with the famous motto Cum Deo Pro Patria et Libertate ("With God for Fatherland and Liberty ") written on its red marble base was erected in front of the Hungarian Parliament Building on Lajos Kossuth Square in 1937, the work of János Pásztor . In the 1950s, the first two words, Cum Deo (i.e., "With God"), were removed for ideological reasons; in 1989, they were restored. When, after 1945,

1170-531: Is unclear how closely Ferenc Réthey was related to György Réthey, as prior to the 19th century members of Reca nobility often used only their predicate of "Réthey" or "de Réthe" (meaning 'of Reca') in correspondence and identification, and not their original family names which distinguish individual family lines. László Dóka was főszolgabíró (Chief Constable) of Pozsony County from 1837 and deputy Judex Curiae Regi (the Lord Chief Justice of Hungary) in

1260-549: The Battle of Trencsén in 1708. Ferenc Réthey , another eminent supporter of Rákóczi, was, amongst other activities, captain of the medieval Szécsény castle (which was destroyed after the uprising), captain of Sirok castle and, towards the end of his career, captain of Eger fortress and Heves County. On 8 December 1710 Ferenc Réthey and Miklós Perényi capitulated Eger to the Habsburg field-marshal Count Johann Pálffy . It

1350-574: The Church . Presumably under the leadership of Palatine Matthew Csák, the barons decided to imprison Ladislaus IV. Sometimes after 17 January 1280, when the king stayed in Transylvania , Finta Aba captured Ladislaus IV. In less than two months, both the legate and the king were set free and Ladislaus took a new oath to enforce the Cuman laws and also forgave his captors. In the summer of 1280, Matthew

1440-674: The Danube in Hetény (today: Chotín, Slovakia ) and to the south near the village of Bille (today part of Esztergom ). According to his testament in 1283, Prasic (today: Prašice, Slovakia ), Nemcsic and Jác (today: Jacovce, Slovakia ), in the north part of Nyitra County, also belonged to his domain, which he inherited probably from his brother, Stephen I, because these lands were located close to Hrussó Castle, centre of his brother's former estate. At first his wife inherited this property, however she also died shortly, after that Matthew III, son of

1530-696: The Hegyalja region of Northeastern present-day Hungary, which was part of the property of the Rákóczi family. They captured the castles of Tokaj , Sárospatak and Sátoraljaújhely , and asked Rákóczi to become their leader, but he was not eager to head what appeared to be a minor peasant rebellion. He quickly returned to Vienna, where he tried his best to clear his name. Rákóczi then befriended Count Miklós Bercsényi , whose property at Ungvár (today Ужгород (Uzhhorod) , in Ukraine ), lay next to his own. Bercsényi

1620-555: The Veretski Pass (Hungarian: Vereckei-hágó ) where Rákóczi arrived at Hungary in the beginning of the uprising in 1703 and where he said goodbye to his followers in 1711 going into exile was renamed Rákócziszállás in 1889. The neighbouring village of Podpolóc (today Pidpolozzya ) where Rákóczi spent a night in 1703 was renamed that year Vezérszállás . After 1918 the two villages got back their former names. Mount Bovcar (today Bovtsars'kyy Verkh in present-day Ukraine ) and

1710-731: The "vezérlő fejedelem" – (ruling) prince – of the Confederated Estates of the Kingdom of Hungary, to be assisted by a 24-member Senate . Rákóczi and the Senate were assigned joint responsibility for the conduct of foreign affairs, including peace talks. Encouraged by England and the Netherlands , peace talks started again on 27 October 1705 between the Hungarians and the Emperor. Both sides varied their strategy according to

1800-911: The Channel to France, landing in Dieppe on 13 January 1713. On 27 April he handed a memorandum to Louis XIV reminding him of his past services to France and asking him not to forget Hungary during the coming peace negotiations for the War of the Spanish Succession . But neither the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 nor the Treaty of Rastatt in 1714 made any mention of Hungary or Rákóczi. No provisions were even made to allow Rákóczi's two sons, who were kept under surveillance in Vienna, to rejoin their father. Prince Rákóczi, although not recognized officially by France,

1890-530: The Csák clan dominated the second group. Following the coronation of Stephen V in 1270, leaders of Béla IV's party fled to abroad from the potential retaliations, however they returned to Hungary, when the crown passed to the minor Ladislaus IV in August 1272. During the nominal regency of queen Elizabeth the Cuman both sides wished to take part in the exercise of power. The rivalry between the two parties characterized

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1980-608: The Danube at Budapest is named Rákóczi Bridge after him. In Hungary two villages bear the name of Rákóczi. Rákóczifalva in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County was established in 1883 on the former estate of Rákóczi where the Prince had a hunting lodge. The neighbouring Rákócziújfalu became an independent village in 1950 (before that it was part of Rákóczifalva). The village of Zavadka , today in Ukraine next to

2070-843: The Emperor, as well as the freedom to move to Poland if he wanted to leave the Kingdom of Hungary. He did not accept these conditions, doubting the honesty of the Habsburg court, and he did not even recognize the legality of the Peace Treaty, as it had been signed after the death of the Emperor Joseph I on 17 April 1711, which terminated the plenipotential authority of János Pálffy. Subsequently, his Hungarian properties, Munkács and its castle, Szentmiklós (today Palanok Castle , Mukacheve and Chynadiyovo , Ukraine ) and 200 villages were confiscated (and, in 1726, given by Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor to Elector-Archbishop Lothar Franz von Schönborn who had helped to defeat Rákóczi). Rákóczi

2160-760: The Emperor. In 1707 during the Great Northern War he was one of the candidates to the throne of Poland , supported by Elżbieta Sieniawska . On Rákóczi's recommendation, and with Bercsényi's support, another meeting of the Diet held at Ónod ( Borsod county) declared the deposition of the House of Habsburg from the Hungarian throne on 13 June 1707. But neither this act, nor the copper currency issued to avoid monetary inflation , were successful. Louis XIV refused to enter into treaties with Prince Rákóczi, leaving

2250-643: The French court. Three years later, the War of the Spanish Succession caused a large part of the Austrian forces in the Kingdom of Hungary to temporarily leave the country. Taking advantage of the situation, Kuruc forces began a new uprising in Munkács, and Rákóczi was asked to head it. He decided to invest his energies in a war of national liberation, and accepted the request. On 15 June 1703, another group of about 3000 armed men headed by Tamás Esze joined him near

2340-612: The Great returned to Hungary from exile in Bohemia in 1272, assassinated Béla of Macsó , a grandson of the late Béla IV and partitioned the territory of the Duchy of Macsó among the barons. In 1274, he and Joachim Gutkeled captured and imprisoned the child Ladislaus IV himself and after the release of the royal, they also thrown into prison the king's younger brother, prince Andrew weeks later. In August 1274, an armed conflict broke out between

2430-495: The Hungarian nobility against the Habsburg dynasty (see Rákóczi's War for Independence ). Both György Réthey and his brother János defected from Imperial service and commanded hussar regiments under Rákóczi. In 1706, György Réthey led 3,000 men on an infamous attack on Styria, designed to plunder and pillage the local populace. 92 villages, two towns, and several castles were burned during the raid. He also commanded his regiment at

2520-409: The Hungarian parliament offered Rákóczi the royal crown, he refused it, choosing instead the temporary title of the "Ruling Prince of Hungary". Rákóczi intended to bear this military-sounding title only during the anti-Habsburg war of independence. By refusing the royal crown, he proclaimed to Hungary that it was not his personal ambition that drove the war of liberation against the Habsburg dynasty. He

2610-482: The Hungarians without allies. There remained the possibility of an alliance with Imperial Russia , but this did not materialize either. At the Battle of Trencsén (German: Trentschin , Latin: Trentsinium , Comitatus Trentsiniensis , today Trenčín in Slovakia ), on 3 August 1708 Rákóczi's horse stumbled, and he fell to the ground, which knocked him unconscious. The Kuruc forces thought him dead and fled. This defeat

2700-552: The Matyusfold region. This social class of the village, which consisted of both Reformed and Catholics, was wealthier than the average. Their wealth was clear because their dwellings looked like manor houses, they employed liveried coachmen and they sent their children to schools in Bratislava from the 19th century. Reca noble families were also distinctive for their behaviour and mentality. "The necessary honourable elegance and

2790-589: The Polish city of Ławoczne . Bercsényi arrived too, with French funds and 600 Polish mercenaries. Most of the Hungarian nobility did not support Rákóczi's uprising, because they considered it to be no more than a peasant rebellion. Rákóczi's famous call to the nobility of Szabolcs County seemed to be in vain. He did manage to convince the Hajduk (Hungarian soldiers) (emancipated peasant warriors) to join his forces, so his forces controlled most of Kingdom of Hungary to

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2880-704: The Prince." Rákóczi lived in the Turkish town of Tekirdağ for 18 years. He adopted a set routine: rising early, attending daily Mass, writing and reading in the mornings, and carpentry in the afternoons; visited occasionally by his son, György Rákóczi. Further military troubles in 1733 in Poland awakened his hopes of a possible return to Hungary, but they were not fulfilled. Rákóczi was 59 years old when he died on 8 April 1735. Rákóczi's last will, dated 27 October 1733, left something to all his family members as well as to his fellow exiles. He left separate letters to be sent to

2970-558: The Royal arms of Hungary ). The 1892 Directory of Hungarian Merchants (which covers roughly 10-15% of the working populace of the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary ) lists the heads of families in Reca engaged in trade. It mainly covers Jewish families living in Reca as craftsmen and shopkeepers, and heads of gentry families engaged in horse-breeding which they subsequently sold in nearby Senec , Bratislava or Vienna . The largest families in

3060-634: The Slavonian Babonić family after a series of border wars. According to a royal charter he provided "truth" in the name of the king at Sopron in February 1279, when he ordered the execution of a town's citizen, Peter. Later Ladislaus IV donated Peter's lands to Denis Osl, who formerly saved the life of Matthew II in the Battle on the Marchfeld. This fact clearly indicates that Matthew II, like

3150-400: The Spanish Succession, but also prevented the union of Rákóczi's forces with their French-Bavarian allies. This placed Rákóczi into a difficult military and financial situation. French support gradually diminished, and a larger army was needed to occupy the already-won land. Meanwhile, supplying the current army with arms and food was beyond his means. He tried to solve this problem by creating

3240-729: The Sultan and to France’s Ambassador to Constantinople, asking them not to forget about his fellow exiles. His internal organs were buried in the Greek church of Rodosto , while his heart was sent to France. After obtaining the permission of the Turkish authorities, Rákóczi's body was taken by his faithful chamberlain Kelemen Mikes to Constantinople on 6 July 1735 for burial in Saint-Benoît (then Jesuit) French church in Galata , where he

3330-515: The attention of the Emperor. As a direct result of this, Rákóczi was arrested on 18 April 1700, and imprisoned in the fortress of Wiener Neustadt (south of Vienna). It became obvious during the preliminary hearings that, just as in the case of his grandfather Péter Zrínyi , the only possible sentence for Ferenc was death. With the aid of his pregnant wife Amelia and the prison commander, Rákóczi managed to escape and flee to Poland . Here he met with Bercsényi again, and together they resumed contact with

3420-579: The authority of Stephen in the eastern parts of the kingdom. On 23 March 1266, father and son confirmed the peace in the Convent of the Blessed Virgin on 'Rabbits' Island . The Transylvanian voivodeship and the income of Szolnok County were Matthew's reward when Stephen V ascended the throne in 1270. He took part in a military campaign against Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1271. Alongside his brother Peter Csák and Nicholas Baksa, Matthew led an army to

3510-719: The autonomous Bratislava region for the Party of the Hungarian Coalition , a party for the Hungarian minority in Slovakia Pomichal's pedigree cattle, bred on an estate in Tomášov , has won a number of national and international gold prizes in Slovakia and Hungary. Matthias Bel : The inhabitants are Hungarians, and not rustics: indeed, they are people both of noble birth and character (manners). They bread they eat

3600-495: The city without the Emperor's permission. At the age of 17, the Emperor emancipated Rákóczi from his mother, thereby allowing him to own property. His sister Julianna had interceded for him after marrying a powerful Austrian, General Aspremont. Rákóczi lived with the Aspremonts until his marriage in September 1694, to 15-year-old Princess Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Wanfried , daughter of Charles, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried and

3690-737: The clan. Perhaps he had also estates or vassals in Pozsony County, maybe one of them was Thomas Hont-Pázmány , for whom Matthew II, as palatine, acted to the Archdiocese of Esztergom , in connection with a payment of a loss. The expansion in Pozsony County caused conflicts between the Csák clan and the Kőszegi family, which had long been a landowner in the county. Francis II R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi Francis II Rákóczi ( Hungarian : II. Rákóczi Ferenc , Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈraːkoːt͡si ˈfɛrɛnt͡s] ; 27 March 1676 – 8 April 1735)

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3780-412: The colonisation of Slovaks in the region. The first individual known to documented history is Petrus Magnus de Réthe, a descendant of the original castle warriors, recorded in 1256 as a castle warrior of Bratislava Castle . A 1395 document records John and Peter of Reca as having been homini regi (or royal judges) during the reign of Louis I of Hungary (1326-1382). In 1485, another John of Reca

3870-512: The east and north of the Danube by late September 1703. He continued by conquering Transdanubia soon after. Since the Austrians had to fight Rákóczi on several fronts, they felt obliged to enter negotiations with him. However, the victory of Austrian and British forces against a combined French-Bavarian army in the Battle of Blenheim on 13 August 1704, provided an advantage not only in the War of

3960-450: The efforts of Joachim Gutkeled and the Kőszegis. Matthew was one of the two commanders (the other one was his brother, Stephen Csák) of the Hungarian army in the Battle on the Marchfeld on 26 August 1278, where Ottokar II was killed. Matthew's army consisted of approximately 2,000 Hungarian and 5,000 Cuman warriors of light cavalry. Despite Ladislaus' presence, Matthew was the commander of

4050-541: The entire Hungarian contingent in effect, alongside his brother Stephen Csák, according to the Steirische Reimchronik ("Styrian Rhyming Chronicle"). Matthew's bravery and heroism during the battle had been documented by German chronicles. After his last voivodeship (1276), he held only local head functions in the next two years; he was ispán of Moson (1277–1278), Sopron (1277–1279) and Vas (1277) Counties. However, soon, his political career reached

4140-464: The family, and János Badinyi. Zrínyi's second husband, Imre Thököly , took little interest in Rákóczi's education, as he was by then heavily involved in politics. However, the failure of the Turks to capture the Habsburg capital in the Battle of Vienna in 1683 frustrated Thököly's plans to become King of Upper Hungary . When the Turks began to grow suspicious of his intentions, Thököly proposed sending

4230-585: The fight against the Habsburgs was not under serious consideration. The Ottoman Empire signed the Peace Treaty of Passarowitz with Austria on 21 July 1718. Among its provisions was the refusal of the Turks to extradite the exiled Hungarians. Two years later, the Austrian envoy requested that the exiles be turned over, but the Sultan refused as a matter of honor. Rákóczi and his entourage were settled in

4320-468: The first half of the 19th century, and Sándor Dóka was acting Governor of Pozsony County at the beginning of the 20th. Marián Réthei Prikkel (1871-1925), a cleric, compiled the first substantial collection of Hungarian folk dances. He also published one of the first monographs on the important early medieval Hungarian manuscript, the Pray Codex . Ferenc Réthey (1880-1952), a jurist and academic,

4410-580: The following years. According to historian Bálint Hóman , twelve "changes of government" took place in the first five regnal years of Ladislaus IV. This kind of "political pendulum" is well illustrated by the fact that Matthew II functioned as ban of Slavonia from 27 November 1272 to April 1273, replacing the rival Joachim Gutkeled . However, he too has been replaced by a rival, Henry I Kőszegi. After that Matthew II served as judge royal and ispán of Bánya (Árkibánya) ispánate within Nyitra County in

4500-405: The fragile peace, when excommunicated Ladislaus IV and placed Hungary under interdict because of the pagan Cumans' growing influence. The barons were divided in the support of King Ladislaus the Cuman. Tensions escalated when the king decided to arrest and imprisoned Philip of Fermo in early January 1280. The thoughtless act has resulted that Hungary confronted with the whole Christian Europe and

4590-581: The government of Transylvania in the 1260s. During the civil war between Béla IV and his son Stephen, Peter and Matthew Csák were entrusted with gathering a small contingent and marching into Northeast Hungary to rescue the younger king's family. Later, in January 1265, they returned from Upper Hungary to Transylvania, where they collected and reorganised the younger king's army and persuaded the Saxons to return to Stephen's allegiance. The battle took place along

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4680-525: The great Millennium Monument on Heroes' Square was purged of statues of the Habsburg kings of Hungary, the best Hungarian sculptor of the period, Zsigmond Kisfaludi Strobl , made a new statue of Rákóczi instead of King Lipót II . It was erected in 1953 together with a relief on the base depicting the meeting of Rákóczy and Tamás Esze . There are 11 Rákóczi streets and 3 Rákóczi squares in Budapest (see: Public place names of Budapest ), including one of

4770-422: The kingdom (today roughly the western half of present-day Slovakia and parts of Northern Hungary ). His name was first mentioned by an authentic royal charter on 13 June 1270, when he served as voivode of Transylvania (1270–1272), which indicates Matthew II reached influence only after the death of king Béla IV, thus he was a loyal supporter of duke Stephen, who rebelled against his father's rule and took over

4860-680: The list are the Doka (7 [and long-serving representatives of the noble commune of Reca]), Fadgyas (3), Karátsonyi (4), Klebercz (3), Pomichal (6) and Prikkel (3). During the First Vienna Award in 1938, Reca once more became part of Hungary , during the regime of admiral Miklós Horthy . In 1945 it was recovered by Czechoslovakia . A number of residents were affected by the Benes Decrees and tenthousands of Hungarian families were forced to move to Hungary and Czechia in 1947 as part of

4950-504: The military situation. One stumbling block was the sovereignty over Transylvania – neither side was prepared to give it up. Rákóczi's proposed treaty with the French was stalled, so he became convinced that only a declaration of independence would make it acceptable for various powers to negotiate with him. In 1706, his wife (whom he had not seen in 5 years, along with their sons József and György) and his sister were both sent as peace ambassadors, but Rákóczi rejected their efforts on behalf of

5040-564: The most prominent avenues, named Rákóczi út ("Rákóczi Avenue"), forming the boundary between Districts VII and VIII. The street was named after him on 28 October 1906 when his remains were brought back to Hungary from Turkey and a long funeral march went along the street to the Eastern Railway Station . Rákóczi tér , 'Rákóczi Square', in District VIII, was also named after him in 1874. A bridge on

5130-416: The neighbouring Bovcar Spring was named by the local Rusyn people after Rákóczi who drank from the spring on 18 February 1711. Bovcar ( Бовцар ) means "the Tsar was here" in Rusyn language . The library of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county in Miskolc ( II. Rákóczi Ferenc Megyei Könyvtár ) is named after him. The house in which he lived has been transformed into Rákóczi Museum, Tekirdağ , open to

5220-427: The other contemporary lords, put his own follower in a stronger position, abusing his office. He also started to establish a so-called "private army" with the participation of his royal servants . Several charters preserved, some landowners have complained to the king concern that the palatine harassed and plundered their possessions. The activity of papal legate Philip , Bishop of Fermo since late 1279 demolished

5310-403: The reign of the early Árpád kings, the settlement was inhabited by castle warriors ( jobagiones castri ) and controlled by the Count of Pozsony . The castle warriors of Reca developed into landowning lower nobility and Reca was a characteristic curial village of Pozsony County until the mid-20th century. During the Counter-Reformation in the 16th and 17th centuries, Reca (or Réthe, as it

5400-402: The river Moson to prevent the invading Czechs from crossing, but the troops of Ottokar II routed their army at Mosonmagyaróvár on 15 May 1271. Nevertheless, Stephen V won a decisive battle over the Bohemians. Matthew and Peter were among those barons, who ratified the peace of Pressburg in July 1271. Matthew held the voivodeship until the sudden death of Stephen V in August 1272, after that he

5490-425: The saint's tomb. This testimony was part of the investigations of saint Margaret's canonization procedure in 1276. Matthew died without male descendants and his brothers had already died for that time, as a result, in 1283, he nominated his nephew, Matthew III to inherit his property and large-scale possessions, which laid the foundation of a de facto independent domain, encompassing the north-western counties of

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5580-454: The summer of 1273. Soon, however, he was ignored again, because Nicholas II Gutkeled from the opposite group replaced him as judge royal. In the next year, Matthew II regained his political influence in the court, when he was appointed voivode of Transylvania in 1274 and held that office until the following year with a small interruption, when Nicholas Geregye retook the position for several months. Between 1275 and 1276, he became master of

5670-420: The time. In 1620 he gained the manor of Füzérradvány from Elisabeth Báthory and her husband Ferenc Nádasdy . Péter Réthey constructed a large fortified seat which today remains one of the largest in Hungary. A notable 18th-century historical figure of Reca was György Réthey , a former Imperial cavalry officer who fought for Francis II Rákóczi , Prince of Transylvania and leader of the last major uprising of

5760-405: The top, when he was appointed palatine of Hungary in December 1278, succeeding his brother, Peter I in that position. Besides that he also became judge of the Cuman people , ispán of Bánya ispánate and Somogy County . In this capacity, Ladislaus IV entrusted him to restore of public safety in the realm. As palatine, Matthew made a proactive role in the conclusion of peace between the Gutkeleds and

5850-491: The town of Tekirdağ (Rodostó in Hungarian ), relatively distant from the Ottoman capital , and a large Hungarian colony grew up around this town on the Sea of Marmara . Bercsényi, Count Simon Forgách, Count Antal Esterházy, Count Mihály Csáky, Miklós Sibrik, Zsigmond Zay, the two Pápays, and Colonel Ádám Jávorka were among many who settled there, sharing the sentiment of the writer Kelemen Mikes , who said, "I had no special reason to leave my country, except that I greatly loved

5940-399: The treasury (1242–1245), and Margaret from an unidentified noble family. Matthew II's brothers were Mark I , ispán ( comes ) of Hont County in 1247, but there is no further information about him; Stephen I , master of the stewards from 1275 to 1276 and from 1276 to 1279; and Peter I , who held powerful positions, including palatine (1275–1276; 1277; 1278; 1281) and who, furthermore,

6030-422: The treasury , besides that he also functioned as ispán of Pozsony , Baranya Counties and Bánya ispánate. In 1276, he served as voivode for the fourth time, replacing his distant relative, Ugrin Csák . Matthew II remained partisan of the king at all times, in accordance with the Csák tradition. In contrast, the Kőszegi family gradually manifested its disloyalty to the Árpád dynasty , first of all, when Henry

6120-498: The two baronial groups. Meanwhile, Matthew II fought against Ottokar II of Bohemia in early 1273 at Styria and Carinthia , who also laid claim to the title king of Germany . He led that army, consisted of several barons, into the region, which plundered these region for a month. Matthew's troops besieged Fürstenfeld and a certain fort Lastruch . Following that Matthew led his army against Carinthia, while Ivan Kőszegi plundered Styria. These incursions prompted Ottokar II to launch

6210-516: The village to learn the Hungarian language. Fényes, Elek (1851): Réthe, a populous Hungarian village in Bratislava Castle County, one hour east of Szencz. 491 Catholics, 49 Evangelical, 337 Reformed, 149 Jews. With a Reformed and Catholic church, and a synagogue. Large limits boundaries and beautiful expanse of fertile meadows, vast pastures, famous for sheep and cattle market. Many landowning nobles. One street leads to Cseklesz. Liszka, József (2003): The squires of Reca formed an individual group in

6300-403: The village, containing pieces of rare ecclesiastical plate. After the city of Skalica , Reca was one of the most significant locations in Royal Hungary for Czech exiles, with approximately 30 families settling there in the 17th century. In 1878 Reca briefly became known as Nemes Réte, in line with some other curial villages (e.g. Nemes Dedina. It also adopted a peculiar coat of arms consisting of

6390-410: The visitors every day except Mondays. Rákóczi's portrait can be found on Hungarian banknotes. Before it was withdrawn from circulation, it was on the 50- forint note. Since then it has been transferred to the 500-forint note. A well-known patriotic tune of the 18th–19th centuries (composer unknown) is named after Rákóczi, as it was reputed to be his favourite, although actually it was composed only in

6480-472: The wall of Feketehalom , where Stephen was surrounded, between the two armies at the end of January, while Duke Stephen led his remaining garrison out of the fort. The royalist troops were defeated soundly. According to a charter issued in 1273, Matthew II participated in the Battle of Isaszeg in March 1265 , where Stephen gained a strategic victory over his father's army. After that Béla IV was forced to accept

6570-488: The young Rákóczi to Constantinople as a guarantee of his goodwill. But Rákóczi's mother opposed this plan, not wishing to be separated from her son. In 1686 Antonio Carafa besieged their residence, the castle of Munkács. Zrínyi successfully led the defence of the castle for three years, but capitulated in 1688. The two Rákóczi children fell again under the guardianship of Leopold I , and moved to Vienna with their mother. They regained their possessions, but could not leave

6660-537: The youngest brother Peter I acquired the lands. The Dominican monastery at the 'Rabbits' Island, where the Csák brothers' widow mother lived for a long time, had inherited Gyirok and Nándor (Komárom County). Matthew II established his centre at Tapolcsány (today: Podhradie, Slovakia ), where a stone castle was built and strengthened. He did not donate his estates in Nyitra County to the Church, those remained in

6750-523: Was Count (Lord Lieutenant) of Moson County. Richárd Pomichal (1951-2010), was a well-known and popular Hungarian writer, teacher and biologist, who published widely on the ecology of the Csallóköz (Rye Island, Inselschutt) region, as well as writing on Hungarian history and the effects of the Trianon Treaty . István Pomichal (1965, Reca), an agriculturalist, is a member of parliament and

6840-1399: Was a Hungarian nobleman and leader of the Rákóczi's War of Independence against the Habsburgs in 1703–1711 as the prince ( Hungarian : fejedelem ) of the Estates Confederated for Liberty of the Kingdom of Hungary . He was also Prince of Transylvania , an Imperial Prince, and a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece . Today he is considered a national hero in Hungary . His name is historically also spelled Rákóczy , in Hungarian : II. Rákóczi Ferenc , in Slovak : František II. Rákoci , in German: Franz II. Rákóczi , in Croatian : Franjo II. Rákóczy ( Rakoci , Rakoczy ), in Romanian : Francisc Rákóczi al II-lea , in Serbian : Ференц II Ракоци . Although

6930-530: Was a highly educated man, the third richest man in the kingdom (after Rákóczi and Simon Forgách ), and was related to most of the Hungarian aristocracy. As the House of Habsburg was on the verge of dying out in Spain, France was looking for allies in its fight against Austrian hegemony. Consequently, they established contact with Rákóczi and promised support if he took up the cause of Hungarian independence. An Austrian spy seized this correspondence and brought it to

7020-465: Was able to raise her children, while the Emperor retained legal guardianship. The family lived in the castle of Munkács (today Mukacheve , in Ukraine ), Sárospatak and Regéc until 1680, when Ferenc's paternal grandmother, Sofia Báthory , died. Then, they moved permanently into the castle of Munkács. Rákóczi retained strong affection for this place throughout his life. Aside from his mother, Rákóczi's key educators were György Kőrössy , castellan to

7110-478: Was born in 1263 with lameness and withered arm. According to a 1276 testimony of Matthew's mother, lady Margaret, who was nun at the Dominican monastery at the 'Rabbits' Island by that time, Matthew brought his eight-year-old daughter to the monastery in 1271 and asked his mother to intercede with the recently deceased Saint Margaret , and his hopes where fulfilled, as the girl was cured aſter being placed next to

7200-801: Was buried, according to his last wishes, next to his mother Ilona Zrínyi. His remains were moved on 29 October 1906 to the St. Elisabeth Cathedral in Kassa , Hungary (today Košice, Slovakia ), where he is buried with his mother Ilona and his son. On 26 September 1694 in Cologne , he married Landgravine Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Wanfried , member of the Hesse-Wanfried branch of the House of Hesse , eldest daughter of Charles, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried by his second wife, Countess Alexandrine Juliane of Leiningen-Dagsburg (1651-1703). They had: Francis II

7290-424: Was fatal for the uprising. Numerous Kuruc leaders transferred their allegiance to the Emperor, hoping for clemency. Rákóczi's forces became restricted to the area around Munkács and Szabolcs County . Not trusting the word of János Pálffy, who was the Emperor's envoy charged with negotiations with the rebels, the Prince left the Kingdom of Hungary for Poland on 21 February 1711. In Rákóczi's absence, Sándor Károlyi

7380-529: Was much in favour in the French court. But after the death of Louis XIV on 1 September 1715, he decided to accept the invitation of the Ottoman Empire (still at war with the Habsburgs) to move there. He left France in September 1717, with an entourage of 40 people. and landed at Gallipoli on 10 October 1717. He was received with honors, but his desire to head up a separate Christian army to help in

7470-492: Was named Commander-in-Chief of the Hungarian forces, and quickly negotiated a peace agreement with János Pálffy . Under its provisions, 12,000 rebels laid down their arms, handed over their flags and took an oath of allegiance to the Emperor on 1 May 1711 in the fields outside Majtény , in Szatmár county. The Peace of Szatmár did not treat Rákóczi particularly badly. He was assured clemency if he took an oath of allegiance to

7560-537: Was offered the Polish Crown twice, supported by Tsar Peter I of Russia . He turned the offers down, though, and remained in Poland until 1712, where he was the honored guest of the Polish aristocracy. For a while he lived in Gdańsk under the pseudonym of Count of Sáros . He left Gdańsk on 16 November 1712, and went to England, where Queen Anne , pressured by the Habsburgs, refused to receive him. Rákóczi then crossed

7650-580: Was replaced by Nicholas Geregye , a former supporter of Béla IV. Only a validly assumed non-authentic charter refers to Matthew II as voivode in April 1273. During the time when tensions emerged between Béla IV and his son, Stephen, two rival baronial groups developed, one of them was led by Henry I Kőszegi ("Henry the Great"), also involving the Gutkeled and Geregye clans, while the Trencsén branch of

7740-437: Was replaced by Finta Aba, brother of Amadeus Aba , as palatine. However, he was appointed palatine for a second term two years later, replacing Ivan Kőszegi, the late Henry the Great's son. Besides that he was also ispán of Sopron (1282), Pozsony and Somogy Counties (1282–1283). He held these offices until his death. He prepared his last will and testament on 15 April 1283. Chronologically the next royal charter refers to him as

7830-589: Was the father of the notorious Matthew III. He had also a younger sister, who married to the Moravian noble Zdislav Sternberg, a loyal bannerman of the Csák clan. Their son, Stephen Sternberg (or " the Bohemian ") later inherited the Csák dominion because of the absence of a direct adult male descendant after the death of Matthew III in 1321. Matthew II married to an unknown noblewoman from an unidentified genus. This marriage produced an unidentified daughter, who

7920-497: Was the first notable member of the Trencsén branch of the gens ("clan") Csák . His nephew and heir was the oligarch Matthew III Csák , who, based on his uncles' acquisitions, became the de facto ruler of his domain independently of the king and usurped royal prerogatives on his territories. He was born around 1235 as one of the four sons of Matthew I , founder and first member of the Trencsén branch, who served as master of

8010-702: Was the richest landlord in the Kingdom of Hungary and the count ( comes perpetuus ) of the Comitatus Sarossiensis (in Hungarian Sáros ), now in northeastern  Slovakia , from 1694 on. He was the third of three children born to Francis I Rákóczi , elected ruling prince of Transylvania , and Ilona Zrínyi , who was the daughter of Petar Zrinski , Ban of Croatia , and niece of Petar's older brother, Miklós Zrínyi . His paternal grandfather George Rákóczi II and great-grandfather George I Rákóczi were also princes of Transylvania . He had

8100-528: Was then known) became the shelter of Bohemian and Moravian Protestants after the Battle of the White Mountain , because the Reca gentry was not subject to Catholic Habsburg religious laws. An estimated five-sixths of the Bohemian nobility went into exile soon after the Battle of White Mountain , and their properties were confiscated. This period has left a Unity of the Brethren Chapel in

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