119-494: The Reclaim Party is a right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom. It was launched in 2020 by English political activist and former actor Laurence Fox , with all of its funding from a single donor, Jeremy Hosking . It does not solicit donations or charge membership fees. The party was first registered on 13 March 2019 by Jeremy Hosking as Brexit Express . In September 2020, Fox attracted funding for
238-847: A police caution after he was arrested for assault when he punched a photographer outside the Garrick Theatre in London where he was performing in Treats . The caution remained on his record for three years. In 2013, Fox played Guy Haines in Strangers on a Train at London 's Gielgud Theatre . On 9 May 2015, he read a letter written by a soldier three days prior to his death in the Second World War, as part of VE Day 70: A Party to Remember , an anniversary concert for VE Day . Fox released his debut album Holding Patterns as
357-517: A sovereigntist , anti-"woke", and anti-gender outlook in its manifesto, as well as a lack of belief that there is a climate crisis . In March 2021, Fox announced he would stand in the London mayoral elections , in order to "fight against extreme political correctness " and to "end the Met 's obsession with diversity and inclusivity". His candidacy was endorsed by Reform UK , who stood aside for him in
476-687: A " nihilistic culture and an intractable crisis." [P]opulism is like fascism in being a response to liberal and socialist explanations of the political. And also like fascism, populism does not recognize a legitimate political place for an opposition that it regards as acting against the desires of the people and that it also accuses of being tyrannical, conspiratorial, and antidemocratic. ... The opponents are turned into public enemies, but only rhetorically. If populism moves from rhetorical enmity to practices of enemy identification and persecution, we could be talking about its transformation into fascism or another form of dictatorial repression. This has happened in
595-412: A " white privileged male" was "racist". He had been dropped by his previous managers Authentic Talent earlier in the year. In 2021, Fox portrayed Hunter Biden in filmmaker Robert Davi 's biopic My Son Hunter , starring alongside fellow conservatives Gina Carano and John James , the former of whom was also dropped by her agent after allegedly expressing some of the same opinions as Fox. The film
714-473: A "right of centre, populist" movement. Bernier lost his seat in the 2019 Canadian federal elections, and the People's Party scored just above 1% of the vote; however, in the 2021 election, it saw improved performance and climbed to nearly 5% of the popular vote. Pierre Poilievre , who has been described as populist by some journalists, won the 2022 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election and became
833-728: A blend of socially conservative and right-wing populist policies. It grew from a fringe party into a major political force in the 1990s and became the official opposition party before reforming itself as the Canadian Alliance . The Alliance ultimately merged with the Progressive Conservative Party to form the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada , after which the Alliance faction dropped some of its populist and socially conservative ideas. In recent years, right-wing populist elements have existed within
952-538: A full trial. In April 2022, Fox requested a jury trial and said that "a judge could show involuntary bias", the first such request since the Defamation Act 2013 . It was refused. Court documents revealed that this request cost Fox legal fees of more than £116,000. Later that month the High Court ruled that Fox must pay more than £36,000 in legal fees to Blake, Seymour and Thorp. The trial progressed at
1071-547: A lesson in calling people something which they are not. In April 2021, Crystal and Blake lodged a claim for defamation in the High Court and were joined in the legal action by actress Nicola Thorp , whom Fox also called a paedophile. In response, Fox filed a countersuit over the accusations of racism. In December 2021, judge Barbara Fontaine urged the protagonists to reach a compromise; Fox's lawyers had estimated his legal costs would be between £360,000 and £500,000 for
1190-477: A man who called him a "racist" on social media. Fox sued Mukhtar Ali Yassin for libel over a row on X (formerly known as Twitter ) over four tweets sent during the exchange in May 2023. Ben Gallop, representing Fox, told the court that Yassin had made "seriously defamatory allegations of racism against my client that are bare comments". Judge Mrs Justice Collins Rice ruled that a hearing should take place to decide whether
1309-615: A member of the centrist Brazilian Democratic Movement , was removed from office after facing embezzlement charges. In March 2016, after entering the Social Christian Party , far-right congressman Jair Bolsonaro decided to run for President of the Republic. In 2017, he tried to become the presidential nominee of Patriota , but, eventually, Bolsonaro entered the Social Liberal Party and, supported by
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#17327909407851428-703: A national lockdown in March 2021, Fox participated in an anti-lockdown protest . Appearing as a panellist on the BBC's political debate programme Question Time in January 2020, Fox said that Meghan Markle was not a victim of racism and described an audience member who called him a "white privileged male" as racist. The British actors' union Equity called him "a disgrace to our industry" for his views, but withdrew its criticism and apologised two months later. In January 2020, Fox attracted media attention for stating that
1547-522: A new political party, provisionally called Reclaim, and dubbed " UKIP for culture ". In October 2020, the party changed its leader from Jeremy Hosking to Laurence Fox. It emerged in the same month that the party name had yet to be successfully registered with the Electoral Commission as there was a naming conflict with the "Reclaim Project" of Manchester, an established charity giving opportunities to working-class children. In February 2021,
1666-811: A philosophy rooted in life, liberty, and property, and free market principles. He criticizes socialism and communism , advocating economic liberalization and the restructuring of government ministries. He opposes the Central Bank of Argentina and current taxation policies. Economically, Milei is influenced by the Austrian school of economics and admires former president Carlos Menem 's policies. He supports capitalism , viewing socialism as embodying envy and coercion. Milei proposes reducing government ministries and addressing economic challenges through spending cuts and fiscal reforms, criticizing previous administrations for excessive spending. He has praised
1785-647: A platform for conservative populist discontent". Some political figures closely associated with the Tea Party, such as U.S. Senator Ted Cruz and former U.S. Representative Ron Paul , have been described as appealing to right-wing populism. In the U.S. House of Representatives , the Freedom Caucus , associated with the Tea Party movement, has been described as right-wing populist. Donald Trump 's 2016 presidential campaign , noted for its anti-establishment , anti-immigration, and protectionist rhetoric,
1904-956: A politically dominant group, while minorities are conceived as threats to the nation". It is "generally, but not necessarily racist"; in the case of the Dutch PVV for instance, "a religious [minority, i.e. Muslims] instead of an ethnic minority constitutes the main 'enemy'". Scholars use terminology inconsistently, sometimes referring to right-wing populism as " radical right " or other terms such as new nationalism . Pippa Norris noted that "standard reference works use alternate typologies and diverse labels categorising parties as ' far ' or 'extreme' right, ' New Right ', ' anti-immigrant ' or ' neo-fascist ', ' anti-establishment ', 'national populist', 'protest', 'ethnic', 'authoritarian', ' anti-government ', 'anti-party', ' ultranationalist ', ' right-libertarian ' and so on". The term 'authoritarian populism' can be used to describe right-wing populism, though it
2023-467: A real syncretism of the left and right, as their ideology and voter base are interclassist. Furthermore, neo-populist parties went from a critique of the welfare state to that of multiculturalism , and their priority demand remains the reduction of immigration. The roots of the right-wing populist movement in Hungary are deep, and over the past few decades it has significantly influenced politics in
2142-605: A singer/ songwriter in 2016 through his own label Fox Cub Records. His second album A Grief Observed was released in 2019. Holding Patterns peaked at number 89 in the UK album chart. In 2018, Fox joined the cast of the ITV series Victoria , playing Lord Palmerston , for its third season, which first aired on PBS in January 2019. In November 2020, Fox was dropped by his talent agency Artists Rights Group after stating on Question Time that an audience member's description of him as
2261-449: A single real generation, there may be several generations which he called "differentiated and antagonistic". For him, it is not the common birth date that marks a generation, though it matters, but rather the historical moment in which they live in common. In this case, the historical moment was the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff . They can be called the "post-Dilma generation". Centrist interim President Michel Temer took office following
2380-478: A single self-respecting man that would like to climb into bed with that woman ever." Dan Wootton , the host of the show on which Fox spoke, along with Calvin Robinson , was also suspended. Fox released on Twitter an apparent private message exchange with Wootton in which he had reacted approvingly to what Fox had said. In early October 2023, GB News confirmed that, following its investigation, it had terminated
2499-564: A slew of film and television features, including roles as a German airman in Island at War (2004), an SS officer in The Last Drop (2005), and as British soldiers in the 2002 films Deathwatch and Ultimate Force , and in Colditz (2005). In the last made-for-television film, Fox played Capt. Tom Willis who, after an unsuccessful attempt to break out of a prisoner-of-war camp ,
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#17327909407852618-500: A state of decadence, from which "only the healthy common people can free the nation by forming one national class from the different social classes and casting aside the corrupt elites". Methodologically, by co-opting concepts from the left – such as multiculturalism and ethnopluralism , which is espoused by the left as a means of preserving minority ethnic cultures within a pluralistic society – and then jettisoning their non-hierarchical essence, right-wing populists can, in
2737-586: A strong stance on national security, and Amit Shah , the BJP’s chief strategist. The party’s policies often prioritize military modernization, anti-corruption measures, and regional development projects. Laurence Fox Laurence Paul Fox (born 26 May 1978) is an English actor. A member of the British entertainment industry's Fox family , he graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and debuted in
2856-539: A total 2,476,687 votes (0.56%) and was not elected, losing his £5,000 deposit. In October 2020, Fox announced he would boycott the supermarket Sainsbury's because they "support racial segregation and discrimination", making reference to the store establishing " safe spaces " for black employees, while asking others to do the same. Sainsbury's later clarified that the safe spaces were online support groups established in response to Black Lives Matter and were promoted as part of support for Black History Month . Feeling he
2975-662: Is a "marriage of convenience" of populism based on an "ethnic and chauvinistic definition of the people", authoritarianism, and nativism. This results in right-wing populism having a "xenophobic nature". Roger Eatwell, Emeritus Professor of Comparative Politics at the University of Bath , writes that "whilst populism and fascism differ notably ideologically, in practice the latter has borrowed aspects of populist discourse and style, and populism can degenerate into leader-oriented authoritarian and exclusionary politics." For populism to transition into fascism or proto-fascism, it requires
3094-501: Is a common theme at the center of many national right-wing populist movements, the theme often crystallizes around cultural issues, such as religion, gender roles, and sexuality, as is the case with the transnational anti-gender theory movements. A body of scholarship has also found populist movements to employ or be based around conspiracy theories, rumors, and falsehoods. Some scholars argue that right-wing populism's association with conspiracy, rumor and falsehood may be more common in
3213-553: Is able to express one's opinion." He followed by apologising on Twitter to "fellow humans who are Sikhs" and wrote, "I am as moved by the sacrifices your relatives made as I am by the loss of all those who die in war, whatever creed or colour. Please accept my apology for being clumsy in the way I expressed myself." In August 2021, Fox posted a tweet stating "get kneeling , fuckers" about the recent arrest of black footballer Benjamin Mendy on charges of rape and sexual assault. The tweet
3332-822: Is also a prominent factor in Hungarian right-wing populism. Since taking office in 2010, Orbán has changed Fidesz from a center-right party to a right-wing populist organization. Under Orbán's leadership, the party has stressed national sovereignty, anti-immigrant policies, and conservative social values, frequently battling with the EU on a variety of topics. Orbán's administration has centralized authority, controlled media, and altered legal frameworks to keep power. Piero Ignazi [ it ] , an Italian political scientist , divided right-wing populist parties, which he called "extreme right parties", into two categories: he placed traditional right-wing parties that had developed out of
3451-569: Is also used to refer to left-wing political movements. In regard to the authoritarian aspect of right-wing populism, political psychologist Shawn W. Rosenberg asserts that its "intellectual roots and underlying logic" are best seen as "a contemporary expression of the fascist ideologies of the early 20th century". Guided by its roots in ideological fascism ... and its affinity to the fascist governments of 1930s Germany and Italy, [right-wing populism] tends to delegate unusual power to its leadership, more specifically its key leader. This leader embodies
3570-667: Is brought to Oflag IV-C in Colditz Castle , one of the most infamous German POW camps for officers in World War II . Actor Kevin Whately caught Fox's performance in the last ten minutes of the film. The next day, at a meeting regarding a new project, Whately mentioned that Fox "would be worth taking a look at". As a result, Fox was cast in the ITV detective drama Lewis as Detective Sergeant James Hathaway , who becomes
3689-832: Is seen as being strongly culturally conservative and a deeply pious Muslim , although he is no Islamist . Even with Kwankwaso's cultural conservatism, he has expressed support for women's rights in Nigeria . According to John Campbell from the Council on Foreign Relations , Freedom Front Plus is a white and coloured dominated political party that promotes Afrikaner nationalism . The current party manifesto, written by Pieter Groenewald , calls for an end to affirmative action and Black Economic Empowerment while supporting proportional representation . Freedom Front Plus has always promoted policies which are conservative in nature and support Afrikaans-speakers and Christians from
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3808-687: Is the leading right-wing party, closely associated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu nationalist organization. The BJP and the RSS promote the idea of Hindutva, or “Hinduness,” which emphasizes India’s Hindu cultural heritage. This ideology is often contrasted with secularism and is sometimes seen as favoring policies that strengthen Hindu identity in the nation’s cultural and political fabric. Key figures in right-wing Indian politics include Narendra Modi , known for his policies on economic reform, digital infrastructure, and
3927-424: The 2016 United States presidential election and the 2024 United States presidential election after running on platforms founded on right-wing populist themes. Right-wing populism is an ideology that primarily espouses neo-nationalism , social conservatism , and economic nationalism . Cas Mudde argues that what he calls the "populist radical right" starts with the idea of 'the nation'. He however rejects
4046-612: The 2021 Scottish Parliament election ; he received 114 votes (0.3 per cent), coming in eighth place on the constituency list. Martin Daubney , deputy leader of the party from 2021 until August 2022, was the party's candidate in the 2021 North Shropshire by-election . Daubney is a former Brexit Party Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2019 to 2020, and a former journalist and editor. He finished seventh with 375 votes (0.98 per cent), losing his deposit. During
4165-697: The Argentine political landscape and have garnered him significant public attention and polarizing reactions. He has been described politically as a right-wing libertarian and right-wing populist, that supports laissez-faire economics, aligning specifically with minarchist and anarcho-capitalist principles. Milei has proposed a comprehensive overhaul of the country's fiscal and structural policies. He supports freedom of choice on drug policy, firearms, prostitution, same-sex marriage, sexual preference, and gender identity, while opposing abortion and euthanasia. In foreign policy, he advocates closer relations with
4284-487: The Brazilian Labour Renewal Party , he won the 2018 presidential election , followed by left-wing former Mayor of São Paulo Fernando Haddad of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva 's Workers' Party. Lula was banned from running after being convicted on criminal corruption charges and imprisoned. Bolsonaro has been accused of racist, xenophobic, misogynistic, and homophobic rhetoric. His campaign
4403-638: The COVID-19 pandemic , Fox frequently criticised the British government's response to the pandemic and encouraged people to disregard the government's social distancing guidance and disobey other public health restrictions. During an interview on Good Morning Britain , he said that "if the NHS can't cope, then the NHS isn't fit for purpose". The show's hosts, Piers Morgan and Susanna Reid , censured this. During
4522-521: The Chinese internet , and many narratives very similar to those of the populist right have since been observed, such as anti-" western leftism ", Islamophobia , and anti-multiculturalism . Right-wing politics in India primarily centers around nationalism, cultural conservatism, and economic reform aimed at self-reliance and growth. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) , led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi ,
4641-1205: The Conservative People's Party of Estonia , the Finns Party , the Sweden Democrats , Danish People's Party , Vox in Spain, Chega in Portugal, the Freedom Party of Austria , Fidesz in Hungary, Law and Justice in Poland, the UK Independence Party , the Alternative for Germany , the Freedom and Direct Democracy in the Czech Republic, Greek Solution , Alliance for the Union of Romanians , Revival in Bulgaria,
4760-474: The Dutch Reformed Church of South Africa . President Yoweri Museveni and his party, National Resistance Movement , are usually considered right-wing populist, anti-LGBT , and Ugandan nationalist . According to Corina Lacatus, "Museveni came to power in 1986 as a populist figure who adopted an authoritarian leadership style and converted over the years in an authoritarian leader. Over
4879-550: The Liberal Party of Australia include right-wing populist factions. Rabiu Kwankwaso , as well as his New Nigeria People's Party , are generally as populist and ultraconservative . Styling himself off of Aminu Kano , Kwankwaso has voiced support for the welfare state and building more universities, while also increasing the size of the Nigerian Armed Forces and Nigerian Police Force . Kwankwaso
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4998-463: The Met 's obsession with diversity and inclusivity." His candidacy was endorsed by Reform UK , who stood aside for him in the election, and Nigel Farage . The major source of Fox's campaign funds was Brexit backer Jeremy Hosking , who, in the first quarter of 2021, gave the Reclaim Party more than £1,000,000 in cash and services. Fox finished in sixth place with 47,634 votes (1.9%) in
5117-681: The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA). During his time there, he appeared in numerous student productions, including the lead roles of Gregers Werle in Ibsen 's The Wild Duck , Marcus Andronicus in Titus Andronicus , and Stephen Daedalus in an adaptation of James Joyce 's novel Ulysses . He graduated in 2001. Fox made his acting debut in the horror-thriller film The Hole (2001). He next appeared in Robert Altman 's film Gosford Park (2001). He then donned uniforms in
5236-670: The Swiss People's Party and Reform UK (formerly the Brexit Party ) began to grow in popularity, in large part due to increasing opposition to immigration from the Middle East and Africa, rising Euroscepticism and discontent with the economic policies of the European Union. From the 1990s, right-wing populist parties became established in the legislatures of various democracies. Right-wing populism has remained
5355-576: The military , the police , and the religious right . The subsequent economic crisis of 2015 and investigations of corruption scandals led to a right-wing movement that sought to rescue fiscally and socially conservative ideas in opposition to the left-wing policies of the Workers' Party . At the same time, right-libertarians , such as those that make up the Free Brazil Movement , emerged among many others. For Manheim (1952), within
5474-1051: The welfare state , but only for those they deem fit to receive it; this concept has been referred to as " welfare chauvinism ". Since the Great Recession , European right-wing populist movements such as the Brothers of Italy and the League in Italy, the National Rally (formerly the National Front ) in France, the Party for Freedom and the Forum for Democracy in the Netherlands, National Alliance in Latvia,
5593-545: The "people", national populists claim to defend the "average citizen" and "common sense", against the "betrayal of inevitably corrupt elites". As Front National ideologue François Duprat put in the 1970s, inspired by the Latin American right of that time, right-populism aims to constitute a "national, social, and popular" ideology. If both left and right parties share populism itself, their premises are indeed different in that right-wing populists perceive society as in
5712-554: The 1920s. Historical right-wing populist figures in both major parties in the United States have included Thomas E. Watson (D-GA), Strom Thurmond , Joseph McCarthy (R-WI), Barry Goldwater (R-AZ), George Wallace (D-AL), and Pat Buchanan (R-VA). Several of the prominent members of the Populist Party of the 1890s and 1900s, while economically liberal, supported social aspects of right-wing populism. Watson,
5831-447: The 1970s, in a dynamic sustained by voters' rejection of the welfare state and of the tax system, both deemed "confiscatory"; the rise of xenophobia against the backdrop of immigration which, because originating from outside Europe, was considered to be of a new kind; and finally, the end of the prosperity that had reigned since the post–World War II era, symbolized by the oil crisis of 1973 . Two precursor parties consequently appeared in
5950-442: The 1970s. In the late 1980s, the Reform Party of Canada , led by Preston Manning , became another right-wing populist movement formed due to the policies of the center-right Progressive Conservative Party of Canada , which alienated many Blue Tories and led to a feeling of neglect in the West of Canada. Initially motivated by a single-issue desire to give a voice to Western Canada, the Reform Party expanded its platform to include
6069-494: The Conservative Party of Canada and mainstream provincial parties and have most notably been espoused by Ontario MP Kellie Leitch ; businessman Kevin O'Leary ; Quebec Premier François Legault ; the former Mayor of Toronto Rob Ford ; and his brother, Ontario Premier Doug Ford . In August 2018, Conservative MP Maxime Bernier left the party, and the following month he founded the People's Party of Canada , which has self-described as "smart populism" and been described as
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#17327909407856188-470: The Establishment , and speaking to or for the common people . Recurring themes of right-wing populists include neo-nationalism , social conservatism , economic nationalism and fiscal conservatism . Frequently, they aim to defend a national culture, identity, and economy against perceived attacks by outsiders. Right-wing populism has associations with authoritarianism, while some far-right populists draw comparisons to fascism . Right-wing populism in
6307-479: The High Court to decisions on preliminary issues such as the "natural and ordinary" meanings of the tweets, which included that they were a factual claim that "Ms Thorp was a paedophile". Fox took this decision to the Court of Appeal , who ruled in August 2023 that they were "satisfied that the ordinary reasonable reader of that tweet would not have taken the word [paedophile] literally", but dismissed Fox's other challenges. The libel trial and trials for counterclaims
6426-481: The United States, right-wing populism is frequently aligned with evangelical Christianity , segregationism , nationalism , nativism anti-intellectualism and anti-Semitism . The Republican Party (United States) , particularly supporters of Donald Trump, includes right-wing populist factions. Moore (1996) argues that "populist opposition to the growing power of political, economic, and cultural elites" helped shape "conservative and right-wing movements" since
6545-463: The United States, supporting Ukraine in response to the Russian invasion of the country . He is also distancing Argentina from geopolitical ties with China. He has been variously described as far right, far-right populist, right-wing libertarian, ultraconservative , and ultra-liberal . A philosophical anarcho-capitalist who is for practical purposes a minarchist , Milei advocates minimal government, focusing on justice and security, with
6664-495: The Vice-Presidential nominee of the Populist Party in 1896 and presidential nominee in 1900, eventually embraced white supremacy and anti-Semitism . William Jennings Bryan, the 1896 Populist presidential nominee, was socially and theologically conservative, supporting creationism, Prohibition and other aspects of Christian fundamentalism. Bradley J. Longfield posits Bryan was a "theologically conservative Social Gospeler ". An article by National Public Radio 's Ron Elving likens
6783-491: The West's current economic settlement. They are suspicious of "cosmopolitan and globalizing agendas". Populist parties use crises in their domestic governments to enhance anti-globalist reactions; these include refrainment towards trade and anti-immigration policies. The support for these ideologies commonly comes from people whose employment might have low occupational mobility. This makes them more likely to develop an anti-immigrant and anti-globalization mentality that aligns with
6902-427: The West. [...] [Their] 'direct' conception of democracy differs from the 'liberal' one that has flourished across the West following the defeat of fascism and which has gradually become more elitist in character." Furthermore, national populists question what they call the "erosion of the nation-state", "hyper ethnic change" and the "capacity to rapidly absorb [high] rates of immigration", the "highly unequal societies" of
7021-406: The Western world is generally associated with ideologies such as anti-environmentalism , anti-globalization , nativism , and protectionism . In Europe, the term is often used to describe groups, politicians, and political parties generally known for their opposition to immigration , especially from the Muslim world , and for Euroscepticism . Right-wing populists may support expanding
7140-509: The anti-parliamentarian Ligue des Patriotes , led by Boulanger , Déroulède , and Barrès , called for a "plebiscitary republic", with the president elected by universal suffrage , and the popular will expressed not through elected representatives (the "corrupted elites"), but rather via "legislative plebiscites", another name for referendums. It also evolved to antisemitism after the Dreyfus affair (1894). Modern national populism—what Pierro Ignazi called "post-industrial parties" —emerged in
7259-425: The by-election campaign, a Market Drayton town councillor defected to Reclaim, becoming the party's first representative in UK local government, but resigned as a councillor less than a year later. In June 2023, Reclaim Party leader Laurence Fox announced his intention to contest the 2023 Uxbridge and South Ruislip by-election . Fox received 2.3% of the vote, finishing fourth and losing his deposit . The winner
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#17327909407857378-418: The children of his uncle Edward. Fox was raised as an evangelical Christian . At the age of 13, he was enrolled at Harrow School . He was expelled a few weeks before taking his A-Level exams, and was unable to obtain a place at any university due to a report about him from Harrow. After working as a gardener and in an office, he decided to follow his family into acting, and successfully auditioned for
7497-416: The collective, the people and the nation. Individuals are thus constituted as a mass who share a single common significant categorical quality – they are nationals, members of the nation. ... In this conception, the individual and the nation are inextricably intertwined, the line between them blurred. As suggested by philosophers of fascism ... the state is realized in the people and the people are realized in
7616-647: The contracts of Fox and Robinson. Ofcom , the government's broadcasting regulatory body, opened an investigation into the incident that was still ongoing as of January 2024. Ofcom announced that the incident was the most complained about broadcast on British television in 2023, with the regulator receiving almost 9000 complaints. On 4 March 2024 Ofcom ruled that Fox's "misogynistic" comments broke broadcasting rules and “were degrading and demeaning both to [her] and women generally”. In 2019, Fox told The Times that YouTube videos had "totally radicalised" him against " woke culture" and " political correctness ". During
7735-721: The country. Right-wing populism is growing in Hungary at present because its origins can be found in the post-communist era, particularly in the economic and political chaos of the 1990s. In the early 2000s, the Jobbik Party , formally known as the Movement for a Better Hungary, emerged and rapidly became the country's most successful far-right political party. Jobbik, which was founded in 2003, exploited anti-Semitic and anti-Roma feelings to rally support, as well as strong nationalist rhetoric and hostility to capitalism and liberalism. The party's successful use of internet channels to attract and mobilize young people resulted in tremendous popularity and influence. Viktor Orbán 's Fidesz Party
7854-414: The culture and interests of the nation, and promise to give voice to a people who feel that they have been neglected, even held in contempt, by distant and often corrupt elites." They are part of a "growing revolt against mainstream politics and liberal values. This challenge is in general not anti-democratic. Rather, national populists are opposed to certain aspects of liberal democracy as it has evolved in
7973-432: The depiction of a Sikh soldier in the film 1917 was "forced diversity" in spite of Sikh soldiers having fought on the Western Front in the First World War . When interviewed, he explained, "I suppose it would have been less incongruous to me if he'd got on the truck to a whole regiment of Sikh soldiers. [...] I mean, as you've noticed, I say quite a lot of unfortunate things, but I think it's really important that one
8092-427: The digital era thanks to widely accessible means of content production and diffusion. These media and communication developments in the context of specific historical shifts in immigration and cultural politics have led to the association of right-wing populism with post-truth politics . German and French right-wing populism can be traced back to the period 1870–1900 in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War , with
8211-414: The dominant political force in the Republican Party in the United States since the 2010s. Although extreme right-wing movements in the United States (where they are normally referred to as the " radical right ") are usually characterized as separate entities, some writers consider them to be a part of a broader, right-wing populist phenomenon. American businessman and media personality Donald Trump won
8330-631: The early 1970s: the Progress Party , the ancestor of the Danish People's Party , and Anders Lange's Party in Norway. A new wave of right-wing populism arose after the September 11 attacks . "Neo-populists" are nationalist and Islamophobic politicians who aspire "to be the champions of freedoms for minorities (gays, Jews, women) against the Arab-Muslim masses"; a trend first embodied by the Dutch Pim Fortuyn List and later followed by Geert Wilders ' Party for Freedom and Jean Marie and his daughter Marine Le Pen 's National Rally . According to Jean-Yves Camus and Nicolas Lebourg , those parties are not
8449-408: The economic policies of former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher and called her "a great leader". In Brazil, right-wing populism began to rise roughly around the time Dilma Rousseff won the 2014 presidential election . In the Brazilian general election of 2014 , Levy Fidelix, from the Brazilian Labour Renewal Party , presented himself with a conservative speech and, according to him,
8568-548: The election, Reclaim endorsed Reform UK . The four Conservative MPs, Andrea Jenkyns , Brendan Clarke-Smith , Marco Longhi and Karl McCartney , who had accepted the donation in exchange for backing Reclaim’s “four-point commitment to culture”, all lost their seats. Right-wing populism Right-wing populism , also called national populism and right populism , is a political ideology that combines right-wing politics with populist rhetoric and themes. Its rhetoric employs anti- elitist sentiments, opposition to
8687-477: The election, and by Nigel Farage . The major source of Fox's campaign funds was Brexit backer Jeremy Hosking , who, in the first quarter of 2021, gave The Reclaim Party more than £1,000,000 in cash and services. In the mayoral election, Fox finished in sixth place with 47,634 votes (1.9 per cent), losing his £10,000 election deposit . The party stood one candidate, Leo Kearse , in Glasgow Pollok for
8806-552: The facts within the terms of any other defence recognised in law." Fox's counterclaims of defamation against Crystal, Blake and Thorp were also dismissed. Whilst the judge did not make a judgement on whether or not describing Fox as "a racist" was "substantially true", the judge ruled that the expression of such opinions were unlikely to significantly damage his reputation and that there were multiple other probable causes to any reputational damage. The judge summarised that "Mr Fox did not attempt to show these allegations were true, and he
8925-543: The film The Hole (2001). His best known role is James Hathaway in the TV drama series Lewis (2006–2015). A conservative , Fox publicly criticised the George Floyd protests and COVID-19 vaccines in 2020. After founding the right-wing populist political party Reclaim , he stood unsuccessfully in the 2021 London mayoral election in opposition to what he deemed "extreme political correctness ". He gained 1.9% of
9044-506: The following day on Twitter saying "Lawyer on the line, see you in court!" Doll later posted on 2 August that he had filed a defamation complaint against Fox and other Twitter users through lawyer Anne-Sophie Laguens and NGO Stop Homophobie. As of 3 August Fox has not yet responded. On 4 October 2023, multiple news sources reported that Fox had been arrested by police on suspicion of conspiring to commit criminal damage to ULEZ cameras and encouraging or assisting offences to be committed. He
9163-664: The former Belgian Vlaams Blok (which would include certain aspects of traditional extreme right parties), the Danish Progress Party , the Norwegian Progress Party and the Freedom Party of Austria in the second category. Right-wing populist parties in the English-speaking world include the UK Independence Party and Australia's One Nation . The U.S. Republican Party , Conservative Party of Canada , Conservative Party (UK) and
9282-859: The historical right and post-industrial parties that had developed independently. He placed the British National Party , the National Democratic Party of Germany , the German People's Union , and the former Dutch Centre Party in the first category, whose prototype would be the disbanded Italian Social Movement . In contrast, he placed the French National Front , the German Republicans , the Dutch Centre Democrats ,
9401-657: The holy flags." This led to him being suspended from Twitter for a day. His actions were publicly condemned by the Holocaust Memorial Day Trust and the Campaign Against Antisemitism . In September 2020, Fox attracted funding for a new political party, provisionally called Reclaim, and dubbed " UKIP for culture". In October 2020, Fox became leader of the party, succeeding Jeremy Hosking. It emerged in October 2020 that
9520-481: The homogeneous nation-state". Mudde further argues that "while nativism could include racist arguments, it can also be non-racist (including and excluding on the basis of culture or even religion)", and that the term nativism does not reduce the parties to mere single-issue parties, such as the term "anti-immigrant" does. In the maximum definition, to nativism is added authoritarianism—an attitude, not necessarily anti-democratic or autocratic, to prefer " law and order " and
9639-443: The ideals of the populist party. Jean-Yves Camus and Nicolas Lebourg see "national populism" as an attempt to combine the socio-economical values of the left and political values of the right and the support for a referendary republic that would bypass traditional political divisions and institutions as they aim for the unity of the political (the demos ), ethnic (the ethnos ) and social (the working class ) interpretations of
9758-421: The ideologies, politics, and practices of right-wing populism and Extreme Right Wing Parties." Similarly, historian Rick Shenkman describes the ideology presented by right-wing populism as "a deadly mix of xenophobia, racism, and authoritarianism." Tamir Bar-On also concluded in 2018 that the literature generally places "nativism" or "ethnic nationalism" as the core concept of the ideology, which "implicitly posits
9877-582: The impeachment of President Rousseff . Temer held 3% approval ratings in October 2017, facing a corruption scandal after accusations of obstructing justice and racketeering against him. He managed to avoid trial thanks to the support of the right-wing parties in the National Congress of Brazil . On the other hand, President of the Senate Renan Calheiros , acknowledged as one of the key figures behind Rousseff's destitution and
9996-713: The leader of both the Conservative Party and the Official Opposition . Some journalists have compared Poilievre to American Republican populists such as Donald Trump and Ted Cruz , however many journalists have dismissed these comparisons due to Poilievre's pro-choice, pro-immigration, and pro-same-sex marriage positions. In the 2018 political campaign , both Evangelical Christian candidate Fabricio Alvarado Muñoz and right-wing anti-establishment candidate Juan Diego Castro Fernández were described as examples of right-wing populists. In
10115-467: The legal concept of the nation as a polity, with the people as its members; in general, it rejects the rule of law. All of these attributes, as well as its favoring of strong political leadership, suggest right-wing populism's fascist leanings. Historian Federico Finchelstein defines populism as a form of authoritarian democracy while fascism is an ultraviolent dictatorship. According to Roger Eatwell and Matthew Goodwin , "National populists prioritize
10234-538: The mainstream Liberal-National Coalition ., and Katter's Australian Party , led by Queensland MP Bob Katter . Furthermore, the main center-right party the Coalition has certain members belonging to the right-wing populist faction known as National Right including the current opposition leader Peter Dutton . The wave of refugees caused by the Syrian crisis has caused a wave of anti-immigration sentiment on
10353-480: The mayoral election. He lost his £10,000 election deposit . Fox attempted to stand in 2024 London mayoral election but failed to fill in the nomination forms correctly. The election authorities returned Fox's deposit and other fees. He was a candidate on the London-wide list in the 2024 London Assembly election , though he stood under 'no description', rather than for Reclaim. He received 13,795 out of
10472-591: The nascence of two different trends in Germany and France: the Völkisch movement and Boulangism . Völkischen represented a romantic nationalist , racialist , and from the 1900s, antisemitic tendency in German society, as they idealized a bio-mystical "original nation" that still could be found in their views in the rural regions, a form of "primitive democracy freely subjected to their natural elites". In France,
10591-412: The only right-wing candidate. He spoke for traditional family values and opposed abortion, legalization of marijuana, and same-sex marriage and proposed that homosexual individuals be treated far away from the good citizens' and workers' families. In the first round of the general election, Fidelix received 446,878 votes, representing 0.43% of the popular vote. Fidelix ranked 7th out of 11 candidates. In
10710-530: The pair had been to court many times since their split and criticised the family court system as biased towards the mother. In June 2024, Fox announced his engagement to Elizabeth Barker. In an October 2012 Independent interview, Fox described himself as a "vaguely lapsed Christian " who occasionally prays and thinks "the world is a better place for people who believe in God" despite not having " squared that circle " himself. Some information in this table
10829-744: The partner of Detective Inspector Robert Lewis , played by Whately. The pilot of this spin-off from Inspector Morse (1987–2000) was ITV's highest-rated drama of 2006. Fox has also portrayed Prince Charles , in Whatever Love Means (2005); Wisley, one of Jane Austen 's suitors, in Becoming Jane (2007); and Sir Christopher Hatton , the Lord Chancellor of England in Elizabeth: The Golden Age , also released in 2007. In addition, in that year Fox
10948-625: The party changed its registered name from Brexit Express to The Reclaim Party. In December 2021, newspapers reported that Hosking would continue to fund The Reclaim Party. MP Andrew Bridgen was expelled from the Conservative Party in January 2023 for tweeting "As one consultant cardiologist said to me, [the COVID-19 vaccines are] the biggest crime against humanity since the Holocaust", repeating COVID conspiracy claims and for breaching lobbying rules. In May 2023, he joined Reclaim, becoming
11067-555: The party name had yet to be successfully registered with the Electoral Commission and that there was a naming conflict with the "Reclaim Project" of Manchester, an established charity in Manchester endeavouring to give opportunities to working-class children. The name Reclaim Party was approved in February 2021 as an identity mark for Brexit Express . In May 2023 the Reclaim Party gained its first MP, Andrew Bridgen , after he
11186-691: The party's first MP. He resigned from the party in December 2023. On 12 June 2023, Reform UK and the Reclaim Party announced a mutual co-operation agreement for the upcoming by-elections, whereby Reform UK would stand in Mid Bedfordshire and Reclaim would stand in Uxbridge and South Ruislip . Both parties lost all by-elections and lost their deposits, with Dave Kent (Reform) getting the highest support at 3.7% in Selby and Ainsty . The party states
11305-465: The past ... and without question it could happen in the future. This morphing of populism back into fascism is always a possibility, but it is very uncommon, and when it does happen, and populism becomes fully antidemocratic, it is no longer populism. Erik Berggren and Andres Neergard wrote in 2015 that "[m]ost researchers agree [...] that xenophobia , anti-immigration sentiments , nativism , ethno-nationalism are, in different ways, central elements in
11424-475: The play Treats in 2006. They started dating soon after, were married on 31 December 2007. Fox and Piper have two sons. They divorced in May 2016. In 2024, Piper commented on the divorce in British Vogue , where she expressed the desire for her children to have privacy and anonymity, and the difficulty of this given Fox's public profile. Fox disputed some of Piper's claims. He also said that
11543-573: The populism of Bryan to the later right-wing populism of Trump. In 2010, Rasmussen and Schoen characterized the Tea Party movement as "a right-wing anti-systemic populist movement". They added: "Today our country is in the midst of a...new populist revolt that has emerged overwhelmingly from the right – manifesting itself as the Tea Party movement". In 2010, David Barstow wrote in The New York Times : "The Tea Party movement has become
11662-499: The posts were statements of fact or opinion, and what should be included in any future trial. Fox said in March 2024 that he had discontinued the case; Yassin said Fox had agreed to its dismissal, paying thousands of pounds of legal fees to do so. On 3 May 2024, multiple news sources reported that Fox was under investigation by police for sharing an upskirt photo of the broadcaster Narinder Kaur on Twitter . Fox met actress Billie Piper while they were performing together in
11781-504: The second round, Fidelix supported candidate Aécio Neves . In addition, according to the political analyst of the Inter-Union Department of Parliamentary Advice, Antônio Augusto de Queiroz, the National Congress elected in 2014 may be considered the most conservative since the "re-democratization" movement, noting an increase in the number of parliamentarians linked to more conservative segments, such as ruralists ,
11900-450: The state. It is a symbiotic relation. Individuals are realized in their manifestation of the national characteristics and by their participation in the national mission. In so doing, individuals are at once defined and valued, recognized and glorified. (p.12) According to Rosenberg, right-wing populism accepts the primacy of "the people", but rejects liberal democracy's protection of the rights of minorities, and favors ethno-nationalism over
12019-528: The submission to authority —and populism —a "thin-centered ideology" that considers society to be ultimately separated into two homogeneous and antagonistic groups, "the pure people" versus "the corrupt elite", and which argues that politics should be an expression of the "general will of the people", regardless of human rights or constitutional guarantees. Cas Mudde and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser reiterated in 2017 that within European right-wing populism, there
12138-409: The use of nationalism as a core ideology of right-wing populism on the ground that there are also purely "civic" or "liberal" forms of nationalism, preferring instead the term " nativism ": a xenophobic form of nationalism asserting that "states should be inhabited exclusively by members of the native group ('the nation'), and that non-native elements (persons and ideas) are fundamentally threatening to
12257-522: The vote, thus losing his election deposit . He subsequently stood in the 2024 London Assembly election , in which he also lost his deposit. Fox's political career has resulted in several controversies and legal disputes. Laurence Paul Fox was born in Leeds on 26 May 1978, the son of Mary Elizabeth Piper and actor James Fox . His paternal grandfather was talent agent Robin Fox and his paternal grandmother
12376-399: The will of the people, renders it clear for everyone else and executes accordingly. Thus distinctions between the leadership, the people as a whole and individuals are blurred as their will is joined in a single purpose. (p.5) ... In this political cultural conception, individuals have a secondary and somewhat derivative status. They are rendered meaningful and valued insofar as they are part of
12495-607: The words of sociologist Jens Rydgren , "mobilize on xenophobic and racist public opinions without being stigmatized as racists." Sociologist Hande Eslen-Ziya argues that right-wing populist movements rely on "troll science", namely "(distorted) scientific arguments moulded into populist discourse" that creates an alternative narrative. In addition to rhetorical methods, right-wing populist movements have also flourished by using tools of digital media, including websites and newsletters, social media groups and pages, as well as Youtube channels and messaging chat groups. While immigration
12614-399: The years, he has continued to rely on a tried-and-tested populist discourse that granted him political success in the first place, to continue the advancement of his regime and to promote his election campaigns." Javier Milei , the incumbent president of Argentina, is known for his flamboyant personality, distinctive personal style, and strong media presence. Milei's views distinguish him in
12733-409: Was Conservative candidate Steve Tuckwell . In the 2024 general election , Reclaim announced it would donate £5,000 to each candidate standing for re-election from other parties who agreed to a four-point culture-based pledge. Despite Conservative Party advice not to accept the money, four of its MPs did. Prior to the election, Reclaim had stated it would field its own candidates. A few days before
12852-549: Was "falsely smeared as a racist", Fox replied to a number of tweets reacting to that announcement by calling their authors paedophiles . Two of those people, RuPaul's Drag Race UK contestant Crystal (Colin Seymour) and Simon Blake, deputy chair of the LGBT rights charity Stonewall , both gay men, later announced they would sue Fox for defamation. Fox deleted the tweets and explained in further tweets that he wanted to teach people
12971-401: Was "seriously harmful, defamatory and baseless" and Fox's tweets "the very epitome of 'mere retaliation' – an escalatory and disproportionate response by way of entirely irrelevant statements." In ruling against Fox, the judge summarised that "the law affords few defences to defamation of this sort. Mr Fox did not attempt to show these allegations were true, and he was not able to bring himself on
13090-440: Was actress Angela Worthington, whose father was playwright Frederick Lonsdale . He has two older brothers named Tom and Robin, a younger sister named Lydia, and a younger brother named Jack . Robin is a film producer, while Lydia and Jack are actors; Lydia is married to comedian and filmmaker Richard Ayoade . Fox's uncles are actor Edward Fox and producer Robert Fox . He is also the cousin of actors Emilia and Freddie Fox ,
13209-601: Was centered on opposition to crime, political corruption, and queer identity, and support for tax cuts, militarism , catholicity , and evangelicalism . Canada has a history of right-wing populist protest parties and politicians, most notably in Western Canada, partly due to the idea of Western alienation . The highly successful Social Credit Party of Canada consistently won seats in British Columbia , Alberta, and Saskatchewan but fell into obscurity by
13328-452: Was characterized as right-wing populist. The ideology of Trump's former Chief Strategist, Steve Bannon , has also been described as such. Donald Trump's policies and rhetoric as have been frequently described as right-wing populist by academics and political commentators. Right-wing populism has also been represented by Pauline Hanson's One Nation , led by Pauline Hanson , Senator for Queensland and typically preferences votes to
13447-457: Was distributed by the American right-wing media company Breitbart . Fox has released two albums, Holding Patterns in 2016 and A Grief Observed in 2019. The former charted, at no. 89, but the latter did not. From November 2022, Fox presented a regular Friday night slot on GB News . In September 2023, Fox was suspended by GB News after saying of female journalist Ava Evans: "Show me
13566-441: Was expelled from the governing Conservative Party . Bridgen resigned from the party in December 2023. In July 2023, Fox stood in the 2023 Uxbridge and South Ruislip by-election as a Reclaim Party candidate. He finished fourth with 2.3% of the vote, losing his deposit . In March 2021, Fox announced he would stand in the London mayoral elections , in order to "fight against extreme political correctness" and pledging to "end
13685-411: Was heard between 22 November and 1 December 2023 at the High Court by Mrs Justice Collins Rice as judge, with Blake and Seymour as claimants, against Fox as defendant and counterclaimant, and Thorp as defendant to the counterclaim. On 29 January 2024 a judgment was given with Justice Collins Rice ruling in favour of the claimants. The judge ruled that Fox's labelling of Crystal and Blake as paedophiles
13804-669: Was not able to bring himself on the facts within the terms of any other defence recognised in law". After the ruling, Fox said he was considering an appeal. On 25 April 2024, it was announced that Fox would have to pay a total of £180,000 in compensatory damages to Crystal and Blake. During the opening ceremonies of the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris on 26 July Fox commented on a segment featuring French drag performer and host of Drag Race France Nicky Doll , along with other French drag performers, calling them "deviant little pedos " and "child fuckers" on Twitter . Nicky Doll responded
13923-539: Was removed by Twitter and the account was temporarily locked for violating its rules against "hateful conduct". In August 2023, Fox posted a photo of himself in blackface , describing himself as having "racially transitioned". In June 2022, Fox tweeted an image of a swastika made from the Progress Pride flag with the caption, "You can openly call the [ Union Flag ] a symbol of fascism and totalitarianism on Twatter [ sic ]. You cannot criticise
14042-412: Was reported as having said on the previous day in an interview on Rumble that he declared support for a ULEZ vigilante group, saying: "I encourage them to tear down every single camera there is and I will be joining them [...] I am pretty close with several and I will be out there with my angle grinder." On 31 January 2024, a hearing was held at the High Court whereby Fox is taking legal action against
14161-780: Was seen on ITV as Cecil Vyse in Andrew Davies 's adaptation of A Room with a View based on E.M. Forster 's 1908 novel . On stage, Fox appeared in Mrs. Warren's Profession by George Bernard Shaw at the Strand Theatre (now the Novello Theatre ) in London in 2002, and John Ford 's 17th-century play 'Tis Pity She's a Whore in 2005. Between 2006 and 2007 he starred in Treats by Christopher Hampton with his future wife, Billie Piper . In April 2007, Fox received
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