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89-463: The first documented mention of the settlement dates from 1329, when it was mentioned as Rexy and the landlord was Demeter Recsky. The name of the village appears as Rekch in 1478. 4 ports were counted in the Ottoman tax censuses. During 1700-1701, John II Almásy  [ hu ] and Ádám Vay  [ fr ] acquired property rights, but even in the 1720s only 13 serf families lived in

178-418: A health care professional to share their information with another healthcare professional, even one giving them care—but are advised, where appropriate, about the dangers of this course of action, due to possible drug interactions. However, in a few limited instances, a healthcare worker can share personal information without consent if it is in the public interest. These instances are set out in guidance from

267-599: A drain on Ottoman resources. During the centuries long three-way Hungarian–Habsburg–Ottoman wars the Hungarian population highly decimated. Although there was some immigration from other parts of the Empire and some conversions to Islam , the territory remained largely Christian . The Ottomans were relatively religiously tolerant and this tolerance allowed Protestantism to gain traction, unlike in Royal Hungary where

356-421: A few hundred villages and towns, we reached Belső-Szolnok county. It was a cultivated and populous district, but it was destroyed without any trace of prosperity, and its inhabitants were taken prisoner. The next day we set fire to four towns and destroyed some villages, their inhabitants were partly taken prisoner and partly lost. Allahu Akbar! It is such a large plain and so populous countryside... However, when it

445-479: A flotation plant was built. At the end of 1926, the state bought the mine. The mine closed in 1979. After 1991, new research began, which was stopped after 1997 due to the drop in the world market price of gold. In 1998, the deep mine was flooded with water. Recsk represents one of the largest copper reserves in Hungary and in the world, having an estimated reserve of 770 million tonnes of ore grading 0.65% copper. In

534-749: A long tradition in the territory of present-day Hungary. No less than 75 hammams (steam baths) were built during the Ottoman age. During the 16th and 17th centuries, there were at least five Bektashi convents or dervish lodges established across Hungary: two in Buda, one in Eğri , another in Székesfehérvár , and a fifth one in Lippa. In the 17th century, 165 elementary ( mekteb ) and 77 secondary and academic theological schools ( medrese ) were operating in 39 of

623-467: A marshy place... The infidels all came out of the marshy place and there was massacre and fighting for three hours... When they arrived on the plain, the Tartars turned back at once and engaged the enemy [the local inhabitants] with the border warriors; some of them were put to the sword, all their possessions, as well as the children and women were taken and captured, and on the seventh day they returned to

712-428: A much narrower band of territory. Thus wartime dislocations in Hungary do not seem to have seriously affected mortality rates among the general civilian population. The breakdown of social order and other economic links between contiguous regions that is associated with prolonged warfare of the medieval pattern was largely absent in Ottoman warfare of the 17th century. The most severe destructions were experienced during

801-415: A patient's consent to share personal confidential information is assumed. When personal confidential information is shared between healthcare workers, consent is taken as implied. If a patient doesn't want a healthcare worker to share confidential health information, they need to make this clear and discuss the matter with healthcare staff. Patients have the right, in most situations, to refuse permission for

890-528: A relatively non-negotiable tenet of medical practice. Confidentiality is standard in the United States by HIPAA laws, specifically the Privacy Rule, and various state laws, some more rigorous than HIPAA. However, numerous exceptions to the rules have been carved out over the years. For example, many American states require physicians to report gunshot wounds to the police and impaired drivers to

979-560: A total of 3,500,000 inhabitants for the whole of Hungary. The population growth in Ottoman Hungary during the 17th century was slight: from 900,000 to approximately 1,000,000 inhabitants, a rate similar to that experienced in Royal Hungary and Transylvania. Despite the continuous warfare with the Habsburgs, several Muslim cultural centres sprang up in this far northern corner of the Empire. Examples of Ottoman architecture of

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1068-651: A version of this discretionary disclosure rule under Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.6 (or its equivalent). A few jurisdictions have made this traditionally discretionary duty mandatory. For example, see the New Jersey and Virginia Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.6. In some jurisdictions, the lawyer must try to convince the client to conform his or her conduct to the boundaries of the law before disclosing any otherwise confidential information. These exceptions generally do not cover crimes that have already occurred, even in extreme cases where murderers have confessed

1157-488: Is about to, provide the patient directly with healthcare to make sure they get the best possible treatment. They only share information that is relevant to their care in that instance, and with consent. There are two ways to give consent: explicit consent or implied consent . Explicit consent is when a patient clearly communicates to a healthcare worker, verbally or in writing or in some other way, that relevant confidential information can be shared. Implied consent means that

1246-471: Is determined by the use of negative and positive freedom. Some legal jurisdictions recognise a category of commercial confidentiality whereby a business may withhold information on the basis of perceived harm to "commercial interests". For example, Coca-Cola 's main syrup formula remains a trade secret . Confidentiality agreements that "seal" litigation settlements are not uncommon, but this can leave regulators and society ignorant of public hazards. In

1335-422: Is located 6 km south of the settlement. According the 2022 census, 91.1% of the population were of Hungarian ethnicity, 9.7% were Gypsies , 0.5% were Germans and 8.7% were did not wish to answer. The religious distribution was as follows: 45.2% Roman Catholic , 2.5% Calvinist , 15.5% non-denominational, and 32.2% did not wish to answer. The Gypsies have a local nationality government. 2475 inhabitants live in

1424-530: The EU Directive 2001/20/EC , inspectors appointed by the Member States have to maintain confidentiality whenever they gain access to confidential information as a result of the good clinical practice inspections in accordance with applicable national and international requirements. A typical patient declaration might read: I have been informed of the benefit that I gain from the protection and

1513-791: The Great Turkish War , the Ottomans ceded to Habsburgs much of the territory they had previously taken from the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. Following this treaty, the members of the Habsburg dynasty administered a much enlarged Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary (previously they controlled only area known as "Royal Hungary"; see Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867) ). In the 1540s, the total of the four principal fortresses of Buda (2,965), Pest (1,481), Székesfehérvár (2,978) and Esztergom (2,775) were 10,200 troops. The number of Ottoman garrison troops stationed in Ottoman Hungary vary, but during

1602-623: The Kingdom of Hungary which were under the rule of the Ottoman Empire from the occupation of Buda in 1541 for more than 150 years, until the liberation of the area under Habsburg leadership (1686–1699). The territory was incorporated into the empire, under the name Macaristan. For most of its duration, Ottoman Hungary covered Southern Transdanubia and almost the entire region of the Great Hungarian Plain . During

1691-555: The Long Turkish War , there were armed conflicts involving large military forces. From 1660 and between 1663 and 1664, during the Austro-Turkish War , also between 1683 and 1699 during Hungary's War of Liberation from the Ottoman occupation, the opposing sides fielded armies of about 50,000 soldiers in every year. During the Ottoman rule, the relative calm periods were also not peaceful, the wars were ongoing at

1780-500: The Saltman case on page 215, must "have the necessary quality of confidence about it." Secondly, that information must have been imparted in circumstances importing an obligation of confidence. Thirdly, there must be an unauthorised use of that information to the detriment of the party communicating it. The 1896 case featuring the royal accoucheur Dr William Smoult Playfair showed the difference between lay and medical views. Playfair

1869-558: The bektasi order. Situated close to the janissaries camp, it was built by Jahjapasazáde Mehmed Pasha , the third begler bey (governor) of Budin. Gul Baba's tomb ( türbe ) is to this day the northernmost site of Islamic conquest. Another famous monastery of its time was that of the halveti dervishes. Built around 1576 next to the türbe of Sultan Süleyman I the Magnificent (1520–1566) in Sigetvar ( Szigetvár ), it soon became

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1958-510: The therapeutic alliance , as it promotes an environment of trust. There are important exceptions to confidentiality, namely where it conflicts with the clinician's duty to warn or duty to protect . This includes instances of suicidal behavior or homicidal plans, child abuse , elder abuse and dependent adult abuse . Information shared by a client with a therapist is considered as privileged communication , however in certain cases and based on certain provinces and states they are negated, it

2047-539: The 150 years of Ottoman rule. The main zones of war were the territories inhabited by the Hungarians, so the death toll depleted them much faster than other nationalities. The three parts of Hungary; the Habsburg Hungary , Ottoman Hungary and Transylvania , experienced only minor differences in population increase in the 17th century. The South Slavic peoples (Serbs, Bosniaks) expanded northward in

2136-557: The California Rules of Professional Conduct to conform to the new exception in the revised statute. Recent legislation in the UK curtails the confidentiality professionals like lawyers and accountants can maintain at the expense of the state. Accountants, for example, are required to disclose to the state any suspicions of fraudulent accounting and, even, the legitimate use of tax saving schemes if those schemes are not already known to

2225-635: The City Pécs in Ottoman Hungary. After the Siege of Pécs when Habsburg take it back, some Muslims converted to the Catholic faith in the years 1686 -1713. Confidentiality Confidentiality involves a set of rules or a promise usually executed through confidentiality agreements that limits the access to or places restrictions on the distribution of certain types of information . By law, lawyers are often required to keep confidential anything on

2314-555: The Danube and Tisza rivers). According to modern estimates , the proportion of Hungarians in the Carpathian Basin was around 75-80% at the end of the 15th century, and non-Hungarians were little more than 20 to 25% of the total population. The Hungarian population began to decrease at the time of the Ottoman conquest. The decline of the Hungarians was due to the constant wars, Ottoman raids, famines, and plagues during

2403-556: The Department of Motor Vehicles. Confidentiality is also challenged in cases involving the diagnosis of a sexually transmitted disease in a patient who refuses to reveal the diagnosis to a spouse, and in the termination of a pregnancy in an underage patient, without the knowledge of the patient's parents. Many states in the U.S. have laws governing parental notification in underage abortion. Confidentiality can be protected in medical research via certificates of confidentiality . Due to

2492-571: The General Medical Council, which is the regulatory body for doctors. Sometimes the healthcare worker has to provide the information – if required by law or in response to a court order. The National AIDS Trust has written a guide for people living with HIV to confidentiality in the NHS. The ethical principle of confidentiality requires that information shared by a client with a therapist isn't shared without consent, and that

2581-535: The Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary ("Royal Hungary") province. Wars, slave raids, and the emigration of nobles who lost their land caused a depopulation of the countryside. However, the Ottomans practiced relative religious tolerance and allowed the various ethnicities living within the empire significant autonomy in internal affairs. Towns maintained some self-government, and a prosperous middle class developed through artisanry and trade. For more than 150 years,

2670-507: The Habsburg forces besieged Buda the Hungarian capital in 1541, Sultan Suleiman led a relief force and defeated the Habsburgs, the Ottomans captured the city by a trick during the Siege of Buda and the south central and central areas of the kingdom came under the authority of the Ottoman Empire, therefore Hungary was divided into three parts. The north-western rim of the Hungarian kingdom remained unconquered and recognised members of

2759-507: The Habsburg-ruled Royal Hungary , especially by 1547 the number of the original Christian population of Buda was down to about a thousand, and by 1647 it had fallen to only about seventy. The number of Jewish and Gypsy immigrants became dominant during the Ottoman rule in Buda. The Hungarian inhabitants of cities moved to other places when they felt threatened by the Ottoman military presence. Without exception, in

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2848-623: The Habsburgs repressed it. By the end of the 16th century, around 90% of the population was Protestant, mainly Calvinist . In 1686, Buda was recaptured from the Ottomans, and in 1687, after the Second Battle of Mohács , the Hungarian parliament recognized that the inheritance of the Hungarian crown had passed to the Habsburgs. The imperial armies pushed the Turks out of Hungary relatively quickly and occupied Transylvania as well. Following

2937-671: The House of Habsburg as Kings of Hungary , giving it the name " Royal Hungary ". The Eastern Hungarian Kingdom is the predecessor of the Principality of Transylvania , which was established by the Treaty of Speyer in 1570 and the Eastern Hungarian King became the first Prince of Transylvania . The Principality of Transylvania was a semi-independent state, and a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, it continued to be part of

3026-521: The Hungarian time of troubles, when between 1604 and 1606 the worst effects of the controlled confrontation between Ottoman-Habsburg forces were magnified many times over by Hungary's descent into civil war during the Bocskay rebellion. Hungary's population in the late 16th century was in Ottoman Hungary 900,000, in Habsburg Hungary 1,800,000 and 'free' (Transylvania) Hungary 800,000, making

3115-585: The Kingdom of Hungary in the sense of public law, John Sigismund's possessions belonged to the Holy Crown of Hungary , and was a symbol of the survival of Hungarian statehood. The boundary between the three territories thereupon became the frontline in the Ottoman–Habsburg wars over the next 150 years. Whereas a great many of the 17,000 and 19,000 Ottoman soldiers in service in the Ottoman fortresses in

3204-460: The Ottoman rule, the Ottomans had already invaded Hungary's southern parts between 1390 and 1400. As a consequence of the 150 years of constant warfare between the Christian states and Ottomans, population growth was stunted, and the network of ethnic Hungarian medieval settlements, with their urbanized bourgeois inhabitants, perished. The ethnic composition of the territory that had been part of

3293-687: The Ottomans enabled Protestantism in Hungary (such as the Reformed Church in Hungary ) to survive against the oppression of the Catholic Habsburg-ruled Hungarian domains. There were approximately 80,000 Muslim settlers in the Ottoman-controlled territory of present-day Hungary ; being mainly administrators, soldiers, artisans, and merchants of Crimean Tatar origin. The religious life of the Muslims

3382-501: The U.S. state of Washington, for example, journalists discovered that about two dozen medical malpractice cases had been improperly sealed by judges, leading to improperly weak discipline by the state Department of Health. In the 1990s and early 2000s, the Catholic sexual abuse scandal involved a number of confidentiality agreements with victims. Some states have passed laws that limit confidentiality. For example, in 1990 Florida passed

3471-961: The United Kingdom information about an individual's HIV status is kept confidential within the National Health Service . This is based in law, in the NHS Constitution, and in key NHS rules and procedures. It is also outlined in every NHS employee's contract of employment and in professional standards set by regulatory bodies. The National AIDS Trust's Confidentiality in the NHS: Your Information, Your Rights outlines these rights. All registered healthcare professionals must abide by these standards and if they are found to have breached confidentiality, they can face disciplinary action. A healthcare worker shares confidential information with someone else who is, or

3560-444: The borders. The raids were daily, primarily intended for tax collection and plundering, which caused significant damage in the Hungarian settlement areas: material destruction, population displacement, kidnapping and killing people. In the 17th century, the campaigns waged by Principality of Transylvania caused also similarly significant losses. The decay of the southernmost counties of the Kingdom of Hungary had started long before

3649-456: The camp with much booty and twenty thousand prisoners. When the prisoners were taken to the Islamic market, they were more than twice as many as our soldiers. My servants also brought three Hungarian students... In the meantime, due to the large number of prisoners, fear arose in the Islamic camp, and by order of the chief serdar, the children, girls and young women were kept, and nine thousand of

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3738-501: The cities that became Ottoman administrative centers the Christian population decreased. The Hungarian population remained only in some cities, where the Ottoman garrisons were not installed. From the early 17th century, Serbian refugees were the ethnic majority in large parts of Ottoman-controlled Hungary. That area included territories between the great rivers Sava, Drava, and the Danube–Tisza Interfluve (the territory between

3827-465: The classical period, seen in the famous centres of Constantinople and Edirne , were also seen in the territory of present-day southern Hungary, where mosques, bridges, fountains, baths and schools were built. After the Habsburg reclamation, most of these works were destroyed and few survive to this day. The introduction of Turkish baths , with the building of the Rudas Baths , was the beginning of

3916-490: The course of providing medical care. The rule dates back to at least the Hippocratic Oath , which reads in part: Whatever, in connection with my professional service, or not in connection with it, I see or hear, in the life of men, which ought not to be spoken of abroad, I will not divulge, as reckoning that all such should be kept secret. Traditionally, medical ethics has viewed the duty of confidentiality as

4005-660: The death of the Hungarian king, both the Austrian Habsburg family and the Hungarian noble Zápolya family claimed the whole kingdom. King John I of Hungary ruled the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom , and the Habsburgs ruled the western part of Hungary. The Habsburgs tried several times to unite all Hungary under their rule, but the Ottoman Empire prevented that by supporting the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom. King John I died in 1540,

4094-427: The defeat of the Ottomans in the Great Turkish War , the Ottomans recognized the loss of the Ottoman Hungary by the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The remaining Ottoman occupied territories (that encompassed the southern border regions of the Kingdom of Hungary), Temeşvar Eyalet , Syrmia and Belgrade , were reconquered by the Habsburgs during the Austro-Turkish War between 1716 and 1718, the cession of these regions

4183-536: The forced labor camp themselves with multiple barbed wire fences. Barracks and camp watchtowers were built from the trees of the forest. In the andesite mine, rock was quarried with hand tools and stone was broken for road construction. They worked 12-14 hours a day while their food ration was 1000 calories. Due to starvation, he supplemented his diet with forest mushrooms, green shoots, roots, berries, lizards and snails. Due to insufficient nutrition, many lost their teeth and lost 40% of their body weight. The medical care

4272-577: The inhabitants on the Ottoman side was unsafe. Peasants fled to the woods and marshes, forming guerrilla bands, known as the Hajdú troops. Eventually, the territory of present-day Hungary became a drain on the Ottoman Empire, swallowing much of its revenue into the maintenance of a long chain of border forts. However, some parts of the economy flourished. In the huge unpopulated areas, townships bred cattle that were herded to south Germany and northern Italy - in some years they exported 500,000 head of cattle. Wine

4361-406: The lawyer has reason to believe that the client may kill or seriously injure someone, may cause substantial injury to the financial interest or property of another, or is using (or seeking to use) the lawyer's services to perpetrate a crime or fraud. In such situations the lawyer has the discretion, but not the obligation, to disclose information designed to prevent the planned action. Most states have

4450-564: The life of the settlement. Ferenc Markhot  [ hu ] , Heves county medical officer, established that the alum spring in Parád originates from ore rocks. Ore exploration and production began at Vörösvár, Fehérkő and Hegyestető in 1780. Copper deposits were found in the lower reaches of the Baj stream and on the Lahóca hill, which boosted production in 1849. The Parád-Mátra Mining Company

4539-409: The location of missing bodies to their lawyers but the police are still looking for those bodies. The U.S. Supreme Court and many state supreme courts have affirmed the right of a lawyer to withhold information in such situations. Otherwise, it would be impossible for any criminal defendant to obtain a zealous defense. California is famous for having one of the strongest duties of confidentiality in

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4628-612: The major towns of the region. The elementary schools taught writing, basic arithmetics, and the reading of the Koran and of the most important prayers. The medreses carried out secondary and academic training within the fields of Muslim religious sciences, church law and natural sciences . Most medreses operated in Budin (Buda), where there were twelve. In Peçuy ( Pécs ) there were five medreses, Eğri had four. The most famous medrese in Ottoman-controlled territory of present-day Hungary

4717-418: The medieval Kingdom of Hungary was fundamentally changed through deportations and massacres, so that the number of ethnic Hungarians in existence at the end of the Ottoman period was substantially diminished. The Hungarian journey of Evliya Çelebi, a Turkish traveller in 1660–1664: The Tatars raided on that day and night. In a location called Szatmár some thousand enemy [the local inhabitants] encamped in

4806-715: The men fit to wield swords were killed on the shore of the Szamos river... With the blessing of Lord Melek Ahmed Pasha, on the eighth day of the Feast Eid al-Adha in the year 1071 [1662], with twenty thousand selected Tatar soldiers who started with forty or fifty thousand wind-speed horses... trusting in Allah, we went out of the Islamic camp and that day and night in the Transylvanian part of the Tisza river, burning and destroying

4895-474: The most authoritative studies, the collective population of all three regions grew from about 3.5 million inhabitants at the close of the 16th century to about 4 million by the close of the 17th century. This increase was before the immigration to Hungary from other parts of the Habsburg Empire. The Ottoman–Habsburg wars of the 17th century were fought intermittently and affected populations occupying

4984-562: The nobility. In 1521, Hungary was invaded by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent , the border fortress Belgrade considered as the key and southern gate of the Kingdom of Hungary, after two previous sieges, the Ottomans captured this stronghold by the Third Siege of Belgrade . The Sultan launched an attack against the weakened kingdom, whose smaller army was defeated in 1526 at the Battle of Mohács and King Louis II of Hungary died. After

5073-428: The opposing side may be able to surprise the lawyer in court with something he did not know about his client, which may weaken the client's position. Also, a distrustful client might hide a relevant fact he thinks is incriminating, but that a skilled lawyer could turn to the client's advantage (for example, by raising affirmative defenses like self-defense). However, most jurisdictions have exceptions for situations where

5162-449: The peak period in the mid-16th century it rose to between 20,000 and 22,000 men. As a force of occupation for a country the size of Hungary, even confined to central portions it was a rather low-profile military presence in much of the country and a relatively large proportion of it was concentrated in a few key fortresses. In 1640 when the front remained relatively quiet, 8,000 Janissary supported by an undocumented number of local recruits

5251-436: The period of Ottoman rule, Hungary was divided for administrative purposes into Eyalets (provinces), which were further divided into Sanjaks . Ownership of much of the land was distributed to Ottoman soldiers and officials with about 20% of the territory being retained by the Ottoman state. As a border territory, much of Ottoman Hungary was heavily fortified with troop garrisons. Remaining economically under-developed, it became

5340-497: The purposes described above and in the event of a medical emergency or if required by the law. My data will be processed electronically to determine the outcome of this study, and to provide it to the health authorities. My data may be transferred to other countries (such as the USA). For these purposes the sponsor has to protect my personal information even in countries whose data privacy laws are less strict than those of this country. In

5429-644: The religious and cultural centre of the area. A famous prior of the zavije (monastery) was the Bosnian Šejh Ali Dede . The monastery of Jakovali Hasan Paša in Peçuy (Pécs) was another famous location. Its most outstanding prior was Mevlevian dervish Peçevi Arifi Ahmed Dede , a Turk and native of Peçuy. By the end of the sixteenth century, around 90% of the inhabitants of Ottoman Hungary were Protestant, most of them being Calvinist . Muslims settled in Baranya and

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5518-411: The representation of a client. The duty of confidentiality is much broader than the attorney–client evidentiary privilege , which only covers communications between the attorney and the client. Both the privilege and the duty serve the purpose of encouraging clients to speak frankly about their cases. This way, lawyers can carry out their duty to provide clients with zealous representation. Otherwise,

5607-538: The rights granted by the European Union Data Protection Directive and other national laws on the protection of my personal data. I agree that the representatives of the sponsor or possibly the health authorities can have access to my medical records. My participation in the study will be treated as confidential. I will not be referred to by my name in any report of the study. My identity will not be disclosed to any person, except for

5696-518: The royal power declined in Hungary, the Black Army of Hungary was disbanded. In contrast, by the 16th century, the power of the Ottoman Empire had gradually increased, along with the territory they controlled in the Balkans. While Kingdom of Hungary was weakened by the peasants revolt led by György Dózsa in 1514. Under the reign of Louis II of Hungary (1516–1526), internal dissension divided

5785-402: The sharing of information would be guided by ETHIC Model: Examining professional values, after thinking about ethical standards of the certifying association, hypothesize about different courses of action and possible consequences, identifying how it and to whom will it be beneficial per professional standards, and after consulting with supervisor and colleagues. Confidentiality principle bolsters

5874-505: The sole landowner and managed about 20 percent of the land for its own benefit, apportioning the rest among soldiers and civil servants. The Ottoman landlords were interested mainly in squeezing as much wealth from the land as quickly as possible. Of major importance to the Sublime Porte was the collection of taxes. Taxation left little for the former landlords to collect; Most of the nobility and large numbers of burghers emigrated into

5963-594: The summer of 1950, the Hungarian State Protection Authority established a punitive forced labor camp modeled after the Soviet Gulag camps without any legal authorization. Among the 1700 forced laborers were workers, intellectuals, soldiers, former landowners and politicians. The most famous imprisoned person was György Faludy . None of them were brought to trial or convicted. Forced laborers detained for political reasons built

6052-454: The tax authorities. The "three traditional requirements of the cause of action for breach of confidence" were identified by Megarry J in Coco v A N Clark (Engineers) Ltd (1968) in the following terms: In my judgment, three elements are normally required if, apart from contract, a case of breach of confidence is to succeed. First, the information itself, in the words of Lord Greene, M.R. in

6141-447: The territory of Hungary was a battleground between the forces of the great powers. The military conflict was constant during the entire period of the Ottoman rule. Hungary endured a great number of Ottoman military campaigns and sieges from 1521 to 1568, at the same time when Hungary had an ongoing struggle between its two kings (Austrian Habsburg family and the Hungarian noble Zápolya family ). From 1591, and between 1593 and 1606, during

6230-423: The territory of present-day Hungary were Orthodox and Muslim Balkan Slavs , Southern Slavs were also acting as akıncıs and other light troops intended for pillaging in the territory of present-day Hungary. In these times, the territory of present-day Hungary began to undergo changes due to the Ottoman occupation. Vast lands remained unpopulated and covered with woods. Flood plains became marshes. The life of

6319-402: The territory of present-day Hungary, while Temeşvar and Varat eyalets that had their administrative centers in the territory of present-day Romania also included some parts of present-day Hungary. Pashas and Sanjak-Beys were responsible for administration, jurisdiction and defense. The Ottomans' only interest was to secure their hold on the territory. The Sublime Porte (Ottoman rulers) became

6408-640: The village and 52 people in 7 farms. Two other inhabited outskirts are west to the village the Ércbánya and the Kenyeres utca to 2.0 and 2.5 km with 102 and 9 inhabitants. Population by years: Mayors since 1990 : [REDACTED] Media related to Recsk at Wikimedia Commons This Heves county location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ottoman Hungary Ottoman Hungary ( Hungarian : Török hódoltság , literally "the Turkish subjugation") encompassed those parts of

6497-529: The village. The owners of the area in the 18th century were the Orczys  [ fr ] , Recsky, Kubinyi, Lipthay , Boronkay  [ hu ] , Tahy families, who were later replaced by the Károlyi 's and Barkóczy's  [ fr ] . In the middle of the 19th century, most of the village was owned by Ferenc Repeczky. The population increased, mainly due to the start of ore mining. The first church

6586-497: The wake of the Ottoman conquest, while the Hungarian population that survived the Ottoman conquest fled the area over the course of the 17th century. Throughout the 17th century, the newly settled Orthodox South Slavic population ensured the military garrisons, logistical support, and food supply of the Ottoman army in this region. Consequently, the Hungarians derisively referred to the region of Ottoman conquest as "Rascia" (Serbia) from that period onward. According to data presented in

6675-450: The world; its lawyers must protect client confidences at "every peril to himself [or herself]" under former California Business and Professions Code section 6068(e). Until an amendment in 2004 (which turned subsection (e) into subsection (e)(1) and added subsection (e)(2) to section 6068), California lawyers were not even permitted to disclose that a client was about to commit murder or assault. The Supreme Court of California promptly amended

6764-491: Was acknowledged by signing of the Treaty of Passarowitz in 1718. Since 1360s Hungary confronted with the Ottoman Empire. The Kingdom of Hungary led several crusades, campaigns and carried out several defence battles and sieges against the Ottomans. Hungary bore the brunt of the Ottoman wars in Europe during the 15th century and successfully halted the Ottoman advance. From 1490, after the death of King Matthias of Hungary ,

6853-422: Was built in 1696, the present-day St. George church was built in 1891, based on the plans of István Kiss and known for its gilded copper monstrance . At the beginning of the 20th century, emigration was significant, a Hungarian-language paper from Cleveland lists 873 emigrants from Recsk in 1912. The neighboring Mátraderecske became independent from Recsk in 1921. The copper mine played an important role in

6942-403: Was burned, it was so destroyed that only its land, its stone churches, and its towers remained, and his infidel and fornicate people all went into captivity. While we were here, we wandered without fear, destroying the western part to the right and then to the left, and came here between eating and drinking. The economic decline of Buda , the Hungarian capital at the time of the Ottoman conquest,

7031-628: Was consulted by Linda Kitson; he ascertained that she had been pregnant while separated from her husband. He informed his wife, a relative of Kitson's, in order that she protect herself and their daughters from moral contagion. Kitson sued, and the case gained public notoriety, with huge damages awarded against the doctor. Confidentiality is commonly applied to conversations between doctors and patients. Legal protections prevent physicians from revealing certain discussions with patients, even under oath in court. This physician-patient privilege only applies to secrets shared between physician and patient during

7120-521: Was demolished and the place of the barracks was boarded up so that no trace would remain. The communist regime denied the existence of the camp until 1989. The survivors founded the Recsk Association in 1988. In memory of the victims, a memorial was inaugurated on the site of the camp in 1991, and then in 1996 a memorial park was created in which one of the camp's barracks and one of the watchtowers were rebuilt. The Recsk National Memorial Park

7209-430: Was emblematic of its stagnated growth rate. The city's population was no larger in 1686 than it had been two centuries prior. The Ottomans allowed the Hungarian royal palace to fall into ruins. The Ottomans later transformed the palace into a gunpowder store and magazine, which caused its detonation during the siege in 1686. The Christian Hungarian population significantly shrank in the next decades, due to them fleeing to

7298-437: Was founded in 1852, which began mining and research work on the siliceous clay mineral , sulphide-strewn outcrops. The Mátra Mining Association continued research from 1862 in the southern part of Lahóca, and then they built an ore processing plant, a roasting plant and a smelting plant. Technical and economic problems made extraction difficult. Gold -rich pyrite ore bodies related to blue shale were discovered in 1925, so

7387-414: Was insufficient, they hardly had access to medicine. Many died of starvation, they lost their lives in an accident in the andesite mine, and some were shot dead by the guards. No one knows exactly where the dead were buried. During its three-year existence, the camp was hermetically sealed off from the outside world. The survivors were released in 1953 in return for a declaration of confidentiality . The camp

7476-653: Was not spread by force in the areas under the control of the Ottoman Sultan , however, Arnold concludes by quoting a 17th-century author who stated: Meanwhile he [the Turk] wins [converts] by craft more than by force, and snatches away Christ by fraud out of the hearts of men. For the Turk, it is true, at the present time compels no country by violence to apostatise; but he uses other means whereby imperceptibly he roots out Christianity... The relative religious tolerance of

7565-783: Was sufficient to garrison the whole of the Eyalet of Budin . The Hungarian Ottoman province covered about 91,250 km (35,230 sq mi). The territory was divided into Eyalets (provinces), which were further divided into Sanjaks , with the highest ranking Ottoman official being the Pasha of Budin. At first, Ottoman-controlled territories in present-day Hungary were part of the Budin Eyalet . Later, new eyalets were formed: Temeşvar Eyalet , Zigetvar Eyalet, Kanije Eyalet , Eğri Eyalet , and Varat Eyalet . Administrative centers of Budin, Zigetvar, Kanije and Eğri eyalets were located in

7654-477: Was supervised by the mosques that were either newly built or transformed from older Christian churches. Payment for the servants of the mosques, as well as the maintenance of the churches, was the responsibility of the Ottoman state or charities. Besides Sunni Islam, a number of dervish communities also flourished including the bektashis , the halvetis , and the mevlevis . The famous Gül Baba monastery of Budin (Buda), sheltering 60 dervishes, belonged to

7743-420: Was supported by the libraries. The mosque complex and türbe of Sokollu Mustafa Pasha in Budin (Buda) was built by Ottoman chief architect Mimar Sinan and contained a school and library offering Muslim religious sciences, literature, works on oratory, poetry, astronomy, music, architecture, and medical sciences. The Ottomans practiced relative religious tolerance, and Christianity was not prohibited. Islam

7832-666: Was that of Budin (Buda), commissioned by the Sokollu Mustafa Pasha during his twelve years of governing (1566–1578). In the mosques , people not only prayed, but were taught to read and write, to read the Koran, and prayers. The sermons were the most effective form of political education. There were numerous elementary and secondary schools besides the mosques, and the monasteries of the Dervish orders also served as centers of culture and education. The spread of culture

7921-615: Was traded to the Czech lands , Austria and Poland . The defeat of Ottoman forces led by Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha at the Second Siege of Vienna in 1683, at the hands of the combined armies of Poland and the Holy Roman Empire under John III Sobieski swung the balance of power in the region. Still, in 1686, Buda was recaptured by the Ottomans. In 1699, under the terms of the Treaty of Karlowitz , which ended

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