A software company is an organisation — owned either by the state or private — established for profit whose primary products are various forms of software , software technology, distribution, and software product development. They make up the software industry .
100-469: Red Hat, Inc. (formerly Red Hat Software, Inc.) is an American software company that provides open source software products to enterprises and is a subsidiary of IBM . Founded in 1993, Red Hat has its corporate headquarters in Raleigh, North Carolina , with other offices worldwide. Red Hat has become associated to a large extent with its enterprise operating system Red Hat Enterprise Linux . With
200-510: A clustering product intended for integrated high-performance computing (HPC). The acronym MRG stands for "Messaging Realtime Grid". Red Hat Enterprise MRG replaces the kernel of Red Hat Enterprise Linux RHEL , a Linux distribution developed by Red Hat, to provide extra support for real-time computing , together with middleware support for message brokerage and scheduling workload to local or remote virtual machines , grid computing , and cloud computing . As of 2011, Red Hat works with
300-741: A Dell press release stated that starting in September, Dell Dimension desktop computers would have AMD processors and that later in the year Dell would release a two-socket, quad-processor server using AMD Opteron chips, moving away from Dell's tradition of only offering Intel processors in Dell PCs. CNET 's News.com on August 17, 2006, cited Dell's CEO Kevin Rollins as attributing the move to AMD processors to lower costs and to AMD technology. AMD's senior VP in commercial business, Marty Seyer, stated: "Dell's wider embrace of AMD processor-based offerings
400-596: A Voluntary Separation Program that they expected to reduce their workforce by up to seven percent. The reception to the program so exceeded the expectations that Dell may be forced to hire new staff to make up for the losses. On November 19, 2015, Dell, alongside Arm Holdings , Cisco Systems , Intel , Microsoft , and Princeton University , founded the OpenFog Consortium , to promote interests and development in fog computing . On October 12, 2015, Dell Inc. announced its intent to acquire EMC Corporation in
500-514: A bid to host it. Less than a year later, Dell planned to double its workforce to nearly 3,000 workers add a new building. These plans were reversed, due to a high Canadian dollar that made the Ottawa staff relatively expensive, and also as part of Dell's turnaround, which involved moving these call-center jobs offshore to cut costs. The company had also announced the shutdown of its Edmonton , Alberta , office, losing 900 jobs. In total, Dell announced
600-425: A cash-and-stock deal valued at $ 67 billion (equivalent to $ 84,210,000,000 in 2023), which has been considered the largest-ever acquisition in the technology sector. As part of the acquisition, Dell would take over EMC's 81% stake in the cloud-computing and virtualization company VMware . This would combine Dell's enterprise server, personal computer, and mobile businesses with EMC's enterprise storage business in
700-427: A change campaign called "Dell 2.0," reducing the number of employees and diversifying the company's products. While chairman of the board after relinquishing his CEO position, Michael Dell still had significant input in the company during Rollins' years as CEO. With the return of Michael Dell as CEO, the company saw changes in operations, the exodus of many senior vice-presidents and new personnel brought in from outside
800-512: A class action lawsuit related to the restatement of financial results from July 2004. The suit had been pending in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina . Red Hat reached the proposed settlement agreement and recorded a one-time charge of US$ 8.8 million for the quarter that ended Nov. 30. On January 10, 2011, Red Hat announced that it would expand its headquarters in two phases, adding 540 employees to
900-582: A different group plays a key role, however each type of role must be involved throughout the whole development process: Software companies possess various systems and procedures implemented and working internally across all the sub-teams. These include: There are also Application Lifecycle Management (ALM), which embed some of these functionalities in one package and are used across the groups. They are delivered from various vendors like Borland , ECM or Compuware . Well-established software companies typically have some way of measuring their own efficiency. This
1000-577: A distribution portal called Red Hat Exchange, reselling FOSS software with the original branding intact. However, by 2010, Red Hat had abandoned the Exchange program to focus their efforts more on their Open Source Channel Alliance which began in April 2009. Red Hat build of Keycloak (formerly known as Red Hat Single Sign-On) is a software product to allow single sign-on with Identity Management and Access Management aimed at modern applications and services. It
1100-809: A division of Red Hat. On September 18, 2006, Red Hat released the Red Hat Application Stack, which integrated the JBoss technology and which was certified by other well-known software vendors. On December 12, 2006, Red Hat stock moved from trading on NASDAQ (RHAT) to the New York Stock Exchange (RHT). In 2007 Red Hat acquired MetaMatrix and made an agreement with Exadel to distribute its software. On March 15, 2007, Red Hat released Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, and in June acquired Mobicents . On March 13, 2008, Red Hat acquired Amentra,
SECTION 10
#17327831062611200-485: A few months to improve on this and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional "bloatware" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce
1300-490: A maximum speed of 8 MHz. PC's Limited marketed these systems through national computer magazines, selling directly to consumers while custom-assembling each unit based on a range of options. This approach allowed them to offer competitive prices compared to retail brands, coupled with the convenience of pre-assembled units, making them one of the early success stories of this business model. The company grossed over $ 73 million in its first year of operation. The company dropped
1400-411: A move that would eventually occur over 12 years later. In 2003, at the annual company meeting, the stockholders approved changing the company name to "Dell Inc." to recognize the company's expansion beyond computers. In 2004, the company announced that it would build a new assembly-plant near Winston-Salem , North Carolina ; the city and county provided Dell with $ 37.2 million in incentive packages;
1500-437: A negative impact on Dell and other major PC vendors, as consumers switched away from desktop and laptop PCs. Dell's own mobility division has not managed success with developing smartphones or tablets, whether running Windows or Google Android . The Dell Streak was a failure commercially and critically due to its outdated OS, numerous bugs, and low resolution screen. InfoWorld suggested that Dell and other OEMs saw tablets as
1600-736: A newsletter called Under the Brim. Wide Open magazine first appeared in March 2004, as a means for Red Hat to share technical content with subscribers regularly. The Under the Brim newsletter and Wide Open magazine merged in November 2004, to become Red Hat Magazine . In January 2010, Red Hat Magazine became Opensource.com. In April 2023 Red Hat went through company layoffs and laid off the team maintaining Opensource.com. In 2007, Red Hat announced that it had reached an agreement with some free software and open-source (FOSS) companies that allowed it to make
1700-490: A number of various methodologies to produce the code. These can include: There are also some methodologies which combine both, such as the spiral model , Rational Unified Process (RUP) or MSF . Regardless of the methodology used, the product life cycle always consists of at least three stages: Each stage ideally takes 30% of the total time, with the remaining 10% in reserve. The UML sequence diagram of interaction between these groups may look like: At each stage
1800-519: A provider of systems integration services for service-oriented architecture , business process management , systems development , and enterprise data services. On July 27, 2009, Red Hat replaced CIT Group in Standard and Poor's 500 stock index , a diversified index of 500 leading companies of the U.S. economy. This was reported as a major milestone for Linux. On December 15, 2009, it was reported that Red Hat will pay US$ 8.8 million to settle
1900-412: A reputation as a company that relied upon supply chain efficiencies to sell established technologies at low prices, instead of being an innovator. By the mid-2000s many analysts were looking to innovating companies as the next source of growth in the technology sector. Dell's low spending on R&D relative to its revenue (compared to IBM , Hewlett-Packard , and Apple Inc. )—which worked well in
2000-554: A result, the company was selling a greater proportion of inexpensive PCs than before, which eroded profit margins. The laptop segment had become the fastest-growing of the PC market, but Dell produced low-cost notebooks in China like other PC manufacturers which eliminated Dell's manufacturing cost advantages, plus Dell's reliance on Internet sales meant that it missed out on growing notebook sales in big box stores. CNET has suggested that Dell
2100-460: A share. In 1989, Dell Computer set up its first on-site service programs in order to compensate for the lack of local retailers prepared to act as service centers. In 1990, Dell Computer tried selling its products indirectly through warehouse clubs and computer superstores, but met with little success, and the company re-focused on its more successful direct-to-consumer sales model. In 1992, Fortune included Dell Computer Corporation in its list of
SECTION 20
#17327831062612200-698: A short-term, low-investment opportunity running Google Android , an approach that neglected user interface and failed to gain long term market traction with consumers. Dell has responded by pushing higher-end PCs, such as the XPS line of notebooks, which do not compete with the Apple iPad and Kindle Fire tablets. The growing popularity of smartphones and tablet computers instead of PCs drove Dell's consumer segment to an operating loss in Q3 2012. In December 2012, Dell suffered its first decline in holiday sales in five years, despite
2300-465: A significant Vertical merger of IT giants. Dell would pay $ 24.05 per share of EMC, and $ 9.05 per share of tracking stock in VMware . The announcement came two years after Dell Inc. returned to private ownership, claiming that it faced bleak prospects and would need several years out of the public eye to rebuild its business. It was thought that the company's value had roughly doubled since then. EMC
2400-493: A single point of failure, scalable to the exabyte level. Ceph replicates data and makes it fault-tolerant, using commodity hardware and requiring no specific hardware support. Ceph's system offers disaster recovery and data redundancy through techniques such as replication, erasure coding, snapshots and storage cloning. As a result of its design, the system is both self-healing and self-managing, aiming to minimize administration time and other costs. In this way, administrators have
2500-510: A single, consolidated system that avoids silos and collects the storage within a common management framework. Ceph consolidates several storage use cases and improves resource utilization. It also lets an organization deploy servers where needed. Red Hat operates OpenShift , a cloud computing platform as a service , supporting applications written in Node.js , PHP , Perl , Python , Ruby , JavaEE and more. On July 31, 2018, Red Hat announced
2600-418: A strong performance from its artificial intelligence unit that sent shares up nearly 40%, its highest daily gain since the company went public in 2018. In August 2024, the company announced it would be laying off 12,500 employees—10% of its workforce—in order to invest in artificial intelligence initiatives. When Dell acquired Alienware early in 2006, some Alienware systems had AMD chips. On August 17, 2006,
2700-574: A student at the University of Texas at Austin , operating from Michael Dell's off-campus dormitory room at Dobie Center . The start-up aimed to sell IBM PC compatible computers built from stock components. Michael Dell started trading in the belief that, by selling personal computer systems directly to customers, PC's Limited could better understand customers' needs and provide the most effective computing solutions to meet those needs. Dell dropped out of college upon completion of his freshman year at
2800-416: A time but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s. In 2002, Dell expanded its product line to include televisions, handhelds , digital audio players, and printers . Chairman and CEO Michael Dell had repeatedly blocked President and COO Kevin Rollins's attempt to lessen the company's heavy dependency on PCs, which Rollins wanted to fix by acquiring EMC Corporation;
2900-486: Is also the largest technology buyout ever, surpassing the 2006 buyout of Freescale Semiconductor for $ 17.5 billion (equivalent to $ 25,450,000,000 in 2023). Michael Dell said of the February offer "I believe this transaction will open an exciting new chapter for Dell, our customers and team members". Dell rival Lenovo responded to the buyout, saying, "the financial actions of some of our traditional competitors will not substantially change our outlook." In March 2013,
3000-541: Is based on the open-source project Keycloak , which acts as an upstream project. Red Hat Subscription Management (RHSM) combines content delivery with subscription management. Red Hat is the largest contributor to the Ceph Storage SDS project : Block, File & Object Storage which runs on industry-standard x86 servers and Ethernet IP as well as ARM, InfiniBand, and other technologies. Ceph aims primarily for completely distributed operation without
3100-655: Is defined by numbers) and total anarchy (where there are no numbers at all). Whichever way the organization goes, they consider the pyramid describing the cost and risk of introducing change to already-begun development processes as a true model to manage changes. Dell Dell Inc. is an American technology company that develops, sells, repairs, and supports personal computers (PCs), servers , data storage devices , network switches , software , computer peripherals including printers and webcams among other products and services. Based in Round Rock, Texas , Dell
Red Hat - Misplaced Pages Continue
3200-488: Is employed, and quite often there are also: The manager of a software company is usually called the Head Of Development (HOD), and reports to the stakeholders . He or she leads the sub-teams directly or via the managers/leaders depending on the size of the organization . Usually teams of up to 10 person are the most operational. In bigger organizations, there are in general two models of the hierarchy: All
3300-399: Is owned by its parent company Dell Technologies since a restructuring in 2016. Founded by Michael Dell in 1984, Dell started making IBM clone computers and pioneered selling cut-price PCs directly to customers, managing its supply chain and electronic commerce . The company rose rapidly during the 1990s and in 2001 it became the largest global PC vendor for the first time. Dell
3400-639: Is usually done by defining the set of key performance indicators (KPI), such as A number of organizations are focused on reaching the optimum level of the Capability Maturity Model (CMM), where "optimum" does not necessarily mean the highest. There are also other systems such as Carnegie-Mellon University 's SEMA , or particular ISO standards. Small software companies will often use light-weight approaches to their process, formalized or not. Each organization works out its own style, which lies somewhere between total technocracy (where all
3500-486: The Blackstone Group and Carl Icahn expressed interest in purchasing Dell. In April 2013, Blackstone withdrew their offer, citing deteriorating business. Other private equity firms such as KKR & Co. and TPG Capital declined to submit alternative bids for Dell, citing the uncertain market for personal computers and competitive pressures, so the "wide-open bidding war" never materialized. Analysts said that
3600-644: The Condor High-Throughput Computing System community and also provides support for the software. The Tuna performance-monitoring tool runs in the MRG environment. Red Hat produced the online publication Opensource.com since January 20, 2010. The site highlights ways open-source principles apply in domains other than software development. The site tracks the application of open-source philosophy to business, education, government, law, health, and life. The company originally produced
3700-804: The GNU Debugger and GNU Binutils . One of the founders of Cygnus, Michael Tiemann , became the chief technical officer of Red Hat and by 2008 the vice president of open-source affairs. Later Red Hat acquired WireSpeed, C2Net , Hell's Kitchen Systems, and Akopia. In February 2000, InfoWorld awarded Red Hat its fourth consecutive "Operating System Product of the Year" award for Red Hat Linux 6.1. Red Hat acquired Planning Technologies, Inc. in 2001 and AOL 's iPlanet directory and certificate-server software in 2004. Red Hat moved its headquarters from Durham to North Carolina State University 's Centennial Campus in Raleigh, North Carolina in February 2002. In
3800-864: The NASDAQ-100 and S&P 500 . Dell is ranked 31st on the Fortune 500 list in 2022, up from 76th in 2021. It is also the sixth-largest company in Texas by total revenue, according to Fortune magazine. It is the second-largest non-oil company in Texas. As of 2024, it is the world's third-largest personal computer vendor by unit sales, after Lenovo and HP . In 2015, Dell acquired the enterprise technology firm EMC Corporation , together becoming divisions of Dell Technologies. Dell EMC sells data storage, information security, virtualization , analytics, and cloud computing . Michael Dell founded Dell Computer Corporation, doing business as PC's Limited in 1984 while
3900-550: The One Laptop per Child initiative (a non-profit organization established by members of the MIT Media Lab ) to design and produce an inexpensive laptop and try to provide every child in the world with access to open communication, open knowledge, and open learning . The XO-4 laptop, the last machine the project produced (in 2012), runs a slimmed-down version of Fedora 17 as its operating system. Avi Kivity began
4000-701: The PC's Limited name in 1987 to become Dell Computer Corporation and began expanding globally. The reasoning was that this new company name better reflected its presence in the business market, and also resolved issues with the use of "Limited" in a company name in certain countries. The company set up its first international operations in Britain; 11 more followed within the next four years. In June 1988, Dell Computer's market capitalization grew by $ 30 million to $ 80 million (equivalent to $ 177,850,000 in 2023) from its June 22 initial public offering of 3.5 million shares at $ 8.50
4100-547: The codebases of several proprietary software products through corporate mergers and acquisitions , and has released such software under open source licenses . As of March 2016, Red Hat is the second largest corporate contributor to the Linux kernel version 4.14 after Intel . On October 28, 2018, IBM announced its intent to acquire Red Hat for $ 34 billion. The acquisition closed on July 9, 2019. It now operates as an independent subsidiary. In 1993, Bob Young incorporated
Red Hat - Misplaced Pages Continue
4200-530: The freedesktop.org project. Dogtail, an open-source automated graphical user interface (GUI) test framework initially developed by Red Hat, consists of free software released under the GNU General Public License (GPL) and is written in Python . It allows developers to build and test their applications. Red Hat announced the release of Dogtail at the 2006 Red Hat Summit. Red Hat MRG is
4300-453: The "Dell Hell" prominent on Internet search engines. There was also criticism that Dell used faulty components for its PCs, particularly the 11.8 million OptiPlex desktop computers sold to businesses and governments from May 2003 to July 2005 that suffered from faulty capacitors . A battery recall in August 2006, as a result of a Dell laptop catching fire, caused much negative attention for
4400-524: The ACC Corporation, a catalog business that sold Linux and Unix software accessories. In 1994, Marc Ewing created his own Linux distribution, which he named Red Hat Linux (associated with the time Ewing wore a red Cornell University lacrosse hat, given to him by his grandfather, while attending Carnegie Mellon University ). Ewing released the software in October, and it became known as
4500-693: The Asian PC vendors had been improving their quality and design—for instance, Lenovo's ThinkPad series was winning corporate customers away from Dell's laptops—Dell's customer service and reputation had been slipping. Dell remained the second-most profitable PC vendor, as it took 13 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, behind Apple's Mac that took 45 percent, seven percent at Hewlett Packard, six percent at Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer. Dell attempted to offset its declining PC business, which still accounted for half of its revenue and generates steady cash flow, by expanding into
4600-760: The Halloween release. Young bought Ewing's business in 1995, and the two merged to become Red Hat Software, with Young serving as chief executive officer (CEO). Red Hat went public on August 11, 1999, achieving—at the time—the eighth-biggest first-day gain in the history of Wall Street . Matthew Szulik succeeded Bob Young as CEO in December of that year. Bob Young went on to found the online print on demand and self-publishing company, Lulu in 2002. On November 15, 1999, Red Hat acquired Cygnus Solutions . Cygnus provided commercial support for free software and housed maintainers of GNU software products such as
4700-689: The IBM/Red Hat deal". The acquisition was closed on July 9, 2019. Red Hat is the primary sponsor of the Fedora Project, a community-supported free software project that aims to promote the rapid progress of free and open-source software and content. Red Hat operates on a business model based on open-source software , development within a community, professional quality assurance , and subscription-based customer support . They produce open-source code so that more programmers can make adaptations and improvements. Red Hat sells subscriptions for
4800-476: The Kubernetes control plane, for configuring a series of proxy servers that get injected between application components". Also Red Hat is the second largest contributor to Kubernetes code itself, after Google. Software company There are a number of different types of software companies: Organizing a software company is a very specialized type of management skill, where experienced persons can turn
4900-465: The NASDAQ and Hong Kong Stock Exchange and taken it private. Reuters reported that Michael Dell and Silver Lake Partners , aided by a $ 2 billion loan from Microsoft , would acquire the public shares at $ 13.65 apiece. The $ 24.4 billion buyout was projected to be the largest leveraged buyout backed by private equity since the 2007–2008 financial crisis (equivalent to $ 34,550,000,000 in 2023). It
5000-702: The North American market, including the Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center in Austin, Texas (original location) and Lebanon, Tennessee (opened in 1999) in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The desktop production plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina , received US$ 280 million in incentives from the state and opened in 2005 (equivalent to $ 419,900,000 in 2023), but ceased operations in November 2010. Dell's contract with
5100-571: The Raleigh operation, and investing over US$ 109 million . The state of North Carolina is offering up to US$ 15 million in incentives. The second phase involves "expansion into new technologies such as software virtualization and technology cloud offerings". On August 25, 2011, Red Hat announced it would move about 600 employees from the N.C. State Centennial Campus to the Two Progress Plaza building. A ribbon cutting ceremony
SECTION 50
#17327831062615200-506: The University of Texas in order to focus full-time on his fledgling business, after getting about $ 1,000 in expansion-capital from his family. As of April 2021, Dell's net worth was estimated to be over $ 50 billion (equivalent to $ 55,470,000,000 in 2023). In 1985, PC's Limited launched its first computer, the "Turbo PC," priced at US$ 795 (equivalent to $ 1,913 in 2023). The Turbo PC featured an Intel 8088-compatible processor with
5300-399: The acquisition of open-source enterprise middleware vendor JBoss, Red Hat also offers Red Hat Virtualization (RHV), an enterprise virtualization product. Red Hat provides storage, operating system platforms, middleware, applications, management products, support, training, and consulting services . Red Hat creates, maintains, and contributes to many free software projects. It has acquired
5400-400: The biggest challenge facing Silver Lake would be to find an "exit strategy" to profit from its investment, which would be when the company would hold an IPO to go public again, and one warned "But even if you can get a $ 25bn enterprise value for Dell, it will take years to get out." In May 2013, Michael Dell joined his board in voting for the offer. The following August he reached a deal with
5500-399: The commoditized PC market—prevented it from making inroads into more lucrative segments, such as MP3 players and later mobile devices. Increasing spending on R&D would have cut into the operating margins that the company emphasized. Dell had done well with a horizontal organization that focused on PCs when the computing industry moved to horizontal mix-and-match layers in the 1980s, but by
5600-464: The company came under an SEC probe for its accounting practices. On April 23, 2008, Dell announced the closure of one of its biggest Canadian call-centers in Kanata, Ontario , terminating approximately 1100 employees, with 500 of those redundancies effective on the spot, and with the official closure of the center scheduled for the summer. The call-center had opened in 2006 after the city of Ottawa won
5700-411: The company issued a preliminary quarterly earnings report showing gross sales of $ 14.4 billion, down 5% year-over-year, and net income of $ 687 million (30 cents per share), down 33%. Net earnings would have declined even more if not for the effects of eliminated employee bonuses, which accounted for six cents per share. NASDAQ extended the company's deadline for filing financials to May 4. Dell announced
5800-444: The company though later, Sony was found responsible for the manufacturing of the batteries, however a Sony spokesman said the problem concerned the combination of the battery with a charger, which was specific to Dell. 2006 marked the first year that Dell's growth was slower than the PC industry as a whole. By the fourth quarter of 2006, Dell lost its title of the largest PC manufacturer to Hewlett Packard whose Personal Systems Group
5900-399: The company was consistently meeting Wall Street earnings targets and reducing its operating expenses." Dell, inc. was fined $ 100 million, with Michael Dell personally fined $ 4 million. After four out of five quarterly earnings reports were below expectations, Rollins resigned as president and CEO on January 31, 2007, and founder Michael Dell assumed the role of CEO again. On March 1, 2007,
6000-430: The company. Michael Dell announced a number of initiatives and plans (part of the "Dell 2.0" initiative) to improve the company's financial performance. These include elimination of 2006 bonuses for employees with some discretionary awards, reduction in the number of managers reporting directly to Michael Dell from 20 to 12, and reduction of " bureaucracy ". Jim Schneider retired as CFO and was replaced by Donald Carty , as
6100-431: The computer hardware manufacturer Alienware in 2006. Dell Inc.'s plan anticipated Alienware continuing to operate independently under its existing management. Alienware expected to benefit from Dell's efficient manufacturing system. In 2005, while earnings and sales continued to rise, sales growth slowed considerably, and the company stock lost 25% of its value that year. By June 2006, the stock traded around US$ 25 which
SECTION 60
#17327831062616200-624: The corporate PC market, which purchases PCs in upgrade cycles, had largely decided to take a break from buying new systems. The last cycle started around 2002, three or so years after companies started buying PCs ahead of the perceived Y2K problems, and corporate clients were not expected to upgrade again until extensive testing of Microsoft's Windows Vista (expected in early 2007), putting the next upgrade cycle around 2008. Heavily dependent on PCs, Dell had to slash prices to boost sales volumes, while demanding deep cuts from suppliers. Dell had long stuck by its direct sales model. Consumers had become
6300-399: The corporate segment was previously a "moat" against rivals but this has no longer been the case as sales and profits have fallen precipitously. After several weeks of rumors, which started around January 11, 2013, Dell announced on February 5, 2013, that it had struck a $ 24.4 billion (equivalent to $ 31,470,000,000 in 2023) leveraged buyout deal, that would have delisted its shares from
6400-473: The development of KVM in mid-2006 at Qumranet , a technology startup company that was acquired by Red Hat in 2008. Red Hat is the largest contributor to the GNOME desktop environment. It has several employees working full-time on Evolution , the official personal information manager for GNOME. Init system and system/service manager for Linux systems. Network-capable sound server program distributed via
6500-409: The dollar as part of the deal. In November, Carl Icahn (9.3% owner of Dell) sued the company over plans to go public. As a result of pressure from Icahn and other activist investors , Dell renegotiated the deal, ultimately offering shareholders about 80% of market value. As part of this deal, Dell once again became a public company, with the original Dell computer business and Dell EMC operating under
6600-425: The ending of about 8,800 jobs in 2007–2008 — 10% of its workforce. By the late 2000s, Dell's "configure to order" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities. Dell closed plants that produced desktop computers for
6700-487: The enterprise market with servers, networking, software, and services. It avoided many of the acquisition write-downs and management turnover that plagued its chief rival Hewlett Packard. Despite spending $ 13 billion on acquisitions to diversify its portfolio beyond hardware, the company was unable to convince the market that it could thrive or made the transformation in the post-PC world, as it suffered continued declines in revenue and share price. Dell's market share in
6800-511: The first quarter of 2007 after an internal audit found that certain employees had changed corporate account balances to meet quarterly financial targets. In July 2010, the SEC announced charges against several senior Dell executives, including Dell Chairman and CEO Michael Dell, former CEO Kevin Rollins, and former CFO James Schneider, "with failing to disclose material information to investors and using fraudulent accounting to make it falsely appear that
6900-516: The following month Red Hat introduced Red Hat Linux Advanced Server, later renamed Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). Dell , IBM , HP and Oracle Corporation announced their support of the platform. In December 2005, CIO Insight magazine conducted its annual "Vendor Value Survey", in which Red Hat ranked #1 in value for the second year in a row. Red Hat stock became part of the NASDAQ-100 on December 19, 2005. Red Hat acquired open-source middleware provider JBoss on June 5, 2006, and JBoss became
7000-432: The home market and introduced a product line designed especially for individual users. ($ 000000s) employees From 1997 to 2004, Dell steadily grew and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq , Gateway , IBM , Packard Bell , and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become
7100-497: The industry's average selling price to individuals was going down, Dell's was going up, as second- and third-time computer buyers who wanted powerful computers with multiple features and did not need much technical support were choosing Dell. Dell found an opportunity among PC-savvy individuals who liked the convenience of buying direct, customizing their PC to their means, and having it delivered in days. In early 1997, Dell created an internal sales and marketing group dedicated to serving
7200-413: The introduction of Windows 8 . In the shrinking PC industry, Dell continued to lose market share, as it dropped below Lenovo in 2011 to fall to number three in the world. Dell and fellow American contemporary Hewlett Packard came under pressure from Asian PC manufacturers Lenovo, Asus , and Acer, all of which had lower production costs and were willing to accept lower profit margins. In addition, while
7300-403: The largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $ 35 billion in revenue in 2002 (equivalent to $ 56,680,000,000 in 2023), compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett-Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett-Packard took the top spot for
7400-465: The long run. Margins at retail were thin at best and Dell left the reseller channel in 1994. Rollins would soon join Dell full-time and eventually become the company president and CEO. Originally, Dell did not emphasize the consumer market, due to the higher costs and low profit margins in selling to individuals and households; this changed when the company's Internet site took off in 1996 and 1997. While
7500-667: The main drivers of PC sales in recent years, yet there had a decline in consumers purchasing PCs through the Web or on the phone, as increasing numbers were visiting consumer electronics retail stores to try out the devices first. Dell's rivals in the PC industry, HP, Gateway and Acer , had a long retail presence and so were well poised to take advantage of the consumer shift. The lack of a retail presence stymied Dell's attempts to offer consumer electronics such as flat-panel TVs and MP3 players. Dell responded by experimenting with mall kiosks, plus quasi-retail stores in Texas and New York. Dell had
7600-688: The merger with EMC, which involved the issuance of $ 45.9 billion (equivalent to $ 57,140,000,000 in 2023) in debt and $ 4.4 billion (equivalent to $ 5,478,000,000 in 2023) of common stock. At the time, some analysts claimed that Dell's acquisition of the former Iomega could harm the LenovoEMC partnership. In July 2018, Dell announced intentions to become a publicly traded company again by paying $ 21.7 billion (equivalent to $ 25,940,000,000 in 2023) in both cash and stock to buy back shares from its stake in VMware, offering shareholders roughly 60 cents on
7700-413: The mid-2000 the industry shifted to vertically integrated stacks to deliver an end-to-end IT product, and Dell lagged far behind competitors like Hewlett-Packard and Oracle. Dell's reputation for poor customer service, which was exacerbated as it moved call centers offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model
7800-691: The newly created parent, Dell Technologies . Post-acquisition, Dell was re-organized with a new parent company, Dell Technologies; Dell's consumer and workstation businesses are internally referred to as the Dell Client Solutions Group, and is one of the company's three main business divisions alongside Dell EMC and VMware . In January 2021 (equivalent to $ 14,420,000,000 in 2023), Dell reported $ 94 billion (equivalent to $ 104,280,000,000 in 2023) in sales and $ 13 billion operating cash flow during 2020. On March 1, 2024, Dell's stock hit all-time high after earnings. It delivered
7900-523: The ongoing conflict in Gaza. On October 28, 2018, IBM announced its intent to acquire Red Hat for US$ 34 billion, in one of its largest-ever acquisitions. The company will operate out of IBM's Hybrid Cloud division. Six months later, on May 3, 2019, the US Department of Justice concluded its review of IBM's proposed Red Hat acquisition, and according to Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols "essentially approved
8000-505: The organizational problem into a unique benefit. For example, having sub-teams spread in different time zones may allow a 24-hour company working day, if the teams, systems, and procedures are well established. A good example is the test team in a time zone 8 hours ahead or behind the development team, who fix software bugs found by the testers. A professional software company normally consists of at least three dedicated sub-teams : In bigger software companies, greater specialization
8100-511: The people and pay for their time. This leads to each private employee having two bosses – the product/project manager and the specialized "resource" manager. On one hand it optimizes the usage of human resources, on the other hand it may give rise to conflicts about which one manager has priority in the structure. There are also a number of variants of these structures, and a number of organizations have this structure spread and split within various departments and units. Software companies may use
8200-477: The release of Istio 1.0, a microservices management program used in tandem with the Kubernetes platform. The software purports to provide "traffic management, service identity and security, policy enforcement and telemetry" services in order to streamline Kubernetes use under the various Fedora -based operating systems. Red Hat's Brian Redbeard Harring described Istio as "aiming to be a control plane, similar to
8300-413: The special committee on the board for $ 13.88 per share, a raised price of $ 13.75 plus a special dividend of 13 cents, as well as a change to the voting rules. The $ 13.88 cash offer (plus a $ .08 per share dividend for the third fiscal quarter) was accepted on September 12 and closed on October 30, 2013, ending Dell's 25-year run as a publicly traded company. After the buyout, the newly private Dell offered
8400-505: The state provided approximately $ 250 million (equivalent to $ 386,600,000 in 2023) in incentives and tax breaks. In July, Michael Dell stepped aside as chief executive officer while retaining his position as chairman of the board . Kevin Rollins, who had held a number of executive posts at Dell, became the new CEO. Despite no longer holding the CEO title, Dell essentially acted as a de facto co-CEO with Rollins. Under Rollins, Dell purchased
8500-713: The state required them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions, and they sold the North Carolina plant to Herbalife. Much work was transferred to manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas. On January 8, 2009, Dell announced the closure of its manufacturing plant in Limerick, Ireland, with the loss of 1,900 jobs and the transfer of production to its plant in Łodź in Poland. The release of Apple's iPad tablet computer had
8600-466: The stock of VMware. The proposed acquisition will maintain VMware as a separate company, held via a new tracking stock , while the other parts of EMC will be rolled into Dell. Once the acquisition closes Dell will again publish quarterly financial results, having ceased these on going private in 2013. The combined business was expected to address the markets for scale-out architecture , converged infrastructure and private cloud computing , playing to
8700-485: The strengths of both EMC and Dell. Commentators have questioned the deal, with FBR Capital Markets saying that though it makes a "ton of sense" for Dell, it's a "nightmare scenario that would lack strategic synergies" for EMC. Fortune said there was a lot for Dell to like in EMC's portfolio, but "does it all add up enough to justify tens of billions of dollars for the entire package? Probably not." The Register reported
8800-564: The support, training, and integration services that help customers in using their open-source software products. Customers pay one set price for unlimited access to services such as Red Hat Network and up to 24/7 support. In September 2014, however, CEO Jim Whitehurst announced that Red Hat was "in the midst of a major shift from client-server to cloud-mobile". Rich Bynum, a member of Red Hat's legal team, attributes Linux's success and rapid development partially to open-source business models, including Red Hat's. Red Hat engineers worked with
8900-491: The teams are fully independent and they work separately on the different projects. The structure is quite simple and all the employees reports to one person, what make the situation quite clear however it is not a good solution in terms of knowledge exchange and optimal usage of human resources. In this model there are dedicated managers/leaders for each main specialization, "renting" their people for particular projects led by product/project managers, who formally or informally buy
9000-458: The third and fourth fiscal quarter of 2006, and several class-action lawsuits were filed. Dell Inc's failure to file its quarterly earnings report could have subjected the company to de-listing from the Nasdaq , but the exchange granted Dell a waiver, allowing the stock to trade normally. In August 2007, the company announced that it would restate its earnings for fiscal years 2003 through 2006 and
9100-487: The view of William Blair & Company that the merger would "blow up the current IT chess board", forcing other IT infrastructure vendors to restructure to achieve scale and vertical integration. The value of VMware stock fell 10% after the announcement, valuing the deal at around $ 63–64bn rather than the $ 67bn originally reported. Key investors backing the deal besides Dell were Singapore's Temasek Holdings and Silver Lake Partners . On September 7, 2016, Dell completed
9200-478: The world's 500 largest companies, making Michael Dell the youngest CEO of a Fortune 500 company at that time. In 1993, to complement its own direct sales channel, Dell planned to sell PCs at big-box retail outlets such as Wal-Mart , which would have brought in an additional $ 125 million (equivalent to $ 238,100,000 in 2023) in annual revenue. Bain consultant Kevin Rollins persuaded Michael Dell to pull out of these deals, believing they would be money losers in
9300-566: Was 40% down from July 2005—the high-water mark of the company in the post-dotcom era. By June 2021, the stock had reached an all-time high of over US$ 100 per share, reflecting the company's successful transition to a technology solutions provider that helps customers navigate digital transformation. The slowing sales growth has been attributed to the maturing PC market, which constituted 66% of Dell's sales, and analysts suggested that Dell needed to make inroads into non-PC business segments such as storage, services, and servers. Dell's price advantage
9400-410: Was a pure hardware vendor until 2009 when it acquired Perot Systems . Dell then entered the market for IT services. The company has expanded storage and networking systems. In the late 2000s, it began expanding from offering computers only to delivering a range of technology for enterprise customers. Dell is a subsidiary of Dell Technologies, Inc., a publicly traded company , as well as a component of
9500-785: Was being pressured by Elliott Management , a hedge fund holding 2.2% of EMC's stock, to reorganize their unusual "Federation" structure, in which EMC's divisions were effectively being run as independent companies. Elliott argued this structure deeply undervalued EMC's core "EMC II" data storage business, and that increasing competition between EMC II and VMware products was confusing the market and hindering both companies. The Wall Street Journal estimated that in 2014 Dell had revenue of $ 27.3 billion (equivalent to $ 34,610,000,000 in 2023) from personal computers and $ 8.9 billion from servers, while EMC had $ 16.5 billion from EMC II, $ 1 billion from RSA Security , $ 6 billion from VMware, and $ 230 million from Pivotal Software . EMC owns around 80 percent of
9600-614: Was getting trapped in the increasing commoditization of high volume low margin computers, which prevented it from offering more exciting devices that consumers demanded. Despite plans of expanding into other global regions and product segments, Dell was heavily dependent on US corporate PC market, as desktop PCs sold to both commercial and corporate customers accounted for 32 percent of its revenue, 85 percent of its revenue comes from businesses, and 64 percent of its revenue comes from North and South America, according to its 2006 third-quarter results. US shipments of desktop PCs were shrinking, and
9700-750: Was held on June 24, 2013, in the re-branded Red Hat Headquarters. In 2012, Red Hat became the first one-billion dollar open-source company, reaching US$ 1.13 billion in annual revenue during its fiscal year. Red Hat passed the $ 2 billion benchmark in 2015. As of February 2018 the company's annual revenue was nearly $ 3 billion. On October 16, 2015, Red Hat announced its acquisition of IT automation startup Ansible , rumored for an estimated US$ 100 million. In June 2017, Red Hat announced Red Hat Hyperconverged Infrastructure (RHHI) 1.0 software product In May 2018, Red Hat acquired CoreOS . Red Hat's links to Israel's military and professed support for Israel have also led to some controversy and calls for boycott during
9800-607: Was invigorated thanks to a restructuring initiated by their CEO Mark Hurd . In August 2005, Dell became the subject of an informal investigation by the United States SEC . In 2006, the company disclosed that the US Attorney for the Southern District of New York had subpoenaed documents related to the company's financial reporting dating back to 2002. The company delayed filing financial reports for
9900-534: Was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands of dollars but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same line-up sold for hundreds of dollars. Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from the head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting "got in the way," aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $ 100 million in just
10000-509: Was tied to its ultra-lean manufacturing for desktop PCs, but this became less important as savings became harder to find inside the company's supply chain, and as competitors such as Hewlett-Packard and Acer made their PC manufacturing operations more efficient to match Dell, weakening Dell's traditional price differentiation. Throughout the entire PC industry, declines in prices along with commensurate increases in performance meant that Dell had fewer opportunities to upsell to their customers. As
#260739