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74-481: It is an open hand coloured red, with the fingers pointing upwards, the thumb held parallel to the fingers, and the palm facing forward. It is usually shown as a right hand, but is sometimes a left hand, such as in the coats of arms of baronets . The Red Hand is rooted in Gaelic culture as the sign of a great warrior. It is believed to date back to pagan times. The Red Hand is first documented in surviving records in

148-466: A territorial sub-designation ; however, only more recent creations duplicating the original creation require territorial designations . So, for example, there are baronetcies Moore of Colchester, Moore of Hancox, Moore of Kyleburn, and Moore of Moore Lodge. Baronetcies usually descend through heirs male of the body of the grantee , and can rarely be inherited by females or collateral kins , unless created with special remainder , for example: Marking

222-736: A 1901 edition of the All Ireland Review , a writer called "M.M." suggests that the Red Hand is named after the founder of the Clanna Rudraige, Rudraige mac Sithrigi , and that Rudraige's name may mean "red wrist". In another edition a "Y.M." suggests likewise, arguing that Rudraige's name means "red arm". They also suggest that the Cróeb Ruad (Red Branch) of ancient Ulaid may actually come from crob and ruadh (red hand). In another legend which has become widespread,

296-474: A Saltire Azure with an inescutcheon of the Royal Arms of Scotland . From before 1929 to the present it has been customary practice for such baronets to display this badge on its own suspended by the order's ribbon below the shield of arms. The first publication listing all baronetcies ever created was C. J. Parry's Index of Baronetcy Creations (1967). This listed them in alphabetical order, other than

370-442: A baronet has died and the title has passed to his son, the widow (the new baronet's mother) will remain "Lady Bloggs" while he (the son) is not married, but if he is or becomes married, his wife becomes "Lady Bloggs" while his mother will be known by the style "Alice, Lady Bloggs". Alternatively, the mother may prefer to be known as "The Dowager Lady Bloggs". A previous wife will also become "Alice, Lady Bloggs" to distinguish her from

444-414: A baronet who has no other titles is "Sir Joseph Bloggs, Bt." or "Sir Joseph Bloggs, Bart." A formal letter would commence with the salutation "Dear Sir Joseph". The wife of a baronet is addressed and referred to by her married surname, as "Lady Bloggs"; the salutation would be "Dear Lady Bloggs". Her given name is used only when necessary to distinguish between two holders of the same title. For example, if

518-570: A baronetcy is hereditarily entailed. The eldest son of a baronet who is born in wedlock succeeds to a baronetcy upon his father's death, but will not be officially recognised until his name is recognised by being placed on the Official Roll. With some exceptions granted with special remainder by letters patent, baronetcies descend through the male line. A full list of extant baronets appears in Burke's Peerage and Baronetage , which also published

592-562: A collection of just under 175 rubbings of the heraldic designs engraved on gravestones in County Antrim, which they published in the Ulster Journal of Archaeology in 1900 and 1901. There is a partial list of Works by Francis Joseph Bigger at Open Library . Others not listed there and not aforementioned include: John Smyth Crone edited his Articles and Sketches ( Bigger 1927 ), a selection of just some of his work, that

666-634: A diatribe against the British rule of Ireland that was based upon a lecture that Bigger gave in the Linen Hall Library , which was on display in the Belfast Central Library from 2007 to 2008 as part of an exhibition. He also wrote pamphlets entitled Irish Penal Crosses and The Northern Leaders of 98 , a novel Aeneas O’Haughan , a collection of fireside stories Four Shots from Dawn . With Herbert Hughes, Bigger also made

740-862: A gross decline of 19.2% (up to 2017). Extant baronetcies numbered about 1,236 in 2015, and 1,204 as of 2017. Since 1965 only one new baronetcy has been created, for Sir Denis Thatcher on 7 December 1990, husband of a former British prime minister, Margaret Thatcher (later Baroness Thatcher); their only son, Sir Mark Thatcher , succeeded as 2nd Baronet upon his father's death in 2003. Seven baronetcies dormant in 1965 have since been revived: Innes baronetcy, of Coxton (1686), Nicolson baronetcy of that Ilk and of Lasswade (1629), Hope baronetcy, of Kirkliston (1698), St John ( later St John-Mildmay) baronetcy, of Farley (1772), Maxwell-Macdonald baronetcy of Pollok (1682), Inglis baronetcy, of Cramond, Edinburgh (1687) and Von Friesendorff baronetcy, of Hirdech, Sweden (1661). The Premier Baronet (of England)

814-571: A means of raising funds for the crown. Baronets rank below barons , but seemingly above all knights grand cross , knights commander and knights bachelor of the British chivalric orders , that are in turn below in chivalric precedence than the most senior British chivalric orders of the Garter and the Thistle . Like all British knights, they are addressed as "Sir" (or "Dame" in the case of baronetesses). They are conventionally seen to belong to

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888-589: A paper read before the Royal Irish Academy in April 1900 noted the use of a right hand by the O'Neills around 1335, and surmises that it may have been for them a symbol signifying divine assistance and strength, whilst also suggesting that the ancient Phoenicians may have brought the symbol to Ireland. In medieval Irish literature, several real and legendary kings were given the byname 'red hand' or 'red handed' to signify that they were great warriors. One

962-429: A record of extinct baronetcies. A baronetcy is not a peerage; so baronets, like knights and junior members of peerage families, are commoners and not peers of the realm . Originally, all first baronets were knighted. Baronets also had other rights, including the right to have the eldest son knighted on his 21st birthday. However, at the beginning of George IV 's reign, these rights were eroded by orders-in-council on

1036-781: A ribbon below the shield of arms. Baronets of Nova Scotia , unlike other baronets, do not use the Red Hand of Ulster, but have their own badge showing the Royal Arms of Scotland on a shield over the Saltire of St Andrew . The left-hand version has also been used by the Irish National Foresters , the Irish Citizen Army, and the Federated Workers' Union of Ireland . Baronet A baronet ( / ˈ b æ r ə n ɪ t / or / ˈ b æ r ə ˌ n ɛ t / ; abbreviated Bart or Bt ) or

1110-522: A year (equivalent to £253,840 in 2023). ; in return for the honour, each was required to pay one pound a day for the upkeep of thirty soldiers for three years (1095 days), thus amounting to £1,095 (equivalent to £277,955 in 2023). , in those days a very large sum. The money was to help fund the Plantation of Ulster . In 1619 James I established the Baronetage of Ireland ; Charles I in 1625 created

1184-571: Is the mythical High King of Ireland, Lugaid Lámderg (Lugaid the red handed), who, according to Eugene O'Curry , is cited in one Irish legend as being king of the Cruthin of Ulaid during the reign of the mythical Conchobar Mac Nessa . The O'Neills believed in the Middle Ages that a messianic 'red handed' king called Aodh Eangach would come to lead them and drive the English out of Ireland. In

1258-601: Is the unofficial title afforded to the current holder of the oldest extant baronetcy in the realm. The Premier Baronet is regarded as the senior member of the Baronetage, and ranks above other baronets (unless they hold a peerage title ) in the United Kingdom Order of Precedence . Sir Nicholas Bacon, 14th Baronet , is the current Premier Baronet; his family's senior title was created by King James I in 1611. The Premier Baronets of Nova Scotia (Scotland) were

1332-530: The 4th Viscount Sarsfield in 1691. Since then the descendants of Sir Francis Annesley Bt. , the Annesley baronets , have been the Premier Baronets of Ireland; presently Francis William Dighton Annesley, 16th Viscount Valentia . Francis Joseph Bigger Francis Joseph Bigger (1863 – 9 December 1926 ) was an Irish antiquarian, revivalist, solicitor, architect, author, editor, Member of

1406-583: The Arms of Ulster on an inescutcheon : "in a field Argent, a Hand Geules (or a bloudy hand)". These privileges were extended to baronets of Ireland, and for baronets of Scotland the privilege of depicting the Arms of Nova Scotia as an augmentation of honour. The former applies to this day for all baronets of Great Britain and of the United Kingdom created subsequently. Like knights, baronets are accorded

1480-563: The Assyrians , Babylonians , Carthaginians , Chaldeans and Phoenicians . It is also used by Jews, Muslims, and can be found in use in Palestine and Morocco . Aboriginal Australians revered the hands of their deceased chieftains. In the published version of his paper Bigger mentions a book published after he'd read his paper, Horns of Plenty by F. T. Elworthy (though F.J. appears instead of F.T.), writing that it conclusively proved

1554-563: The Battle of Boroughbridge , mentioned that baronets took part, along with barons and knights. Edward III created eight baronets in 1328. The title of baronet was initially conferred upon noblemen who lost the right of individual summons to Parliament , and was used in this sense in a statute of Richard II . A similar title of lower rank was banneret . Present-day baronets date from 1611 when James I granted letters patent to 200 gentlemen of good birth with an income of at least £1,000

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1628-594: The Gordon baronets of Gordonstoun and Letterfourie until the title's extinction in 1908. Subsequently, the Premier Scottish Baronets are the Innes baronets of that Ilk (cr. 28 May 1625), the present Premier Baronet being Charles Innes-Ker, 11th Duke of Roxburghe . The Premier Baronetcy of Ireland was created for Sir Dominic Sarsfield in 1619, and was held by his successors until the attainder of

1702-656: The Guinness family , the Earl of Iveagh , has three Red Hands on his arms granted as recently as 1891. The Red Hand is present in the arms of a number of Ulster's counties, such as Antrim , Cavan , Londonderry , Monaghan and Tyrone . It also appears in the Ulster Banner , and is used by many other official and non-official organisations throughout the province. The arms of the Irish Society that carried out

1776-513: The Home Ruler , Joseph Devlin slip past the (conservative) Irish Unionist with a majority of 16.. A strong supporter of the revival of Irish language and culture, he wrote on those and many aspects of the archaeology of Northern Ireland. His best-known work is The Ulster Land War of 1770 , and he also edited and contributed numerous articles to Ulster Journal of Archaeology . Other works include his booklet The Hills of Holy Ireland ,

1850-841: The Independent invited him to present his own plans. He drew these up and the Independent published them as Labourers' Cottages for Ireland ( Bigger 1907 ). Writer Jonathan Bell characterized these as the plans of an "eccentric antiquarian", as they deliberately excluded sinks from the design, Bigger claiming that "washing up is usually done in a bucket". Regular visitors to his home in Belfast, Ardrigh House number 737b on Antrim Road , were Douglas Hyde , Roger Casement , and Francis McPeake . Casement often stayed with him when in Belfast. Bigger arranged lessons for McPeake in Irish traditional pipe music from John O'Reilly of Galway, paying for

1924-438: The Plantation of Ulster feature the Red Hand. The Red Hand sees use by both nationalists and loyalists, although is more closely associated with the latter, whose murals often centre the symbol as a focal point. A left ( sinister ) Red Hand is an option for baronets to add to their arms to indicate their rank. The College of Arms formally allowed this in 1835, ruling that the baronets of England, Ireland, Great Britain or

1998-667: The Royal Irish Academy , and Fellow of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland . His collected library, now distributed across several public institutions, comprised more than 18,000 books, journals, letters, photographs, sketches, maps, and other materials. His house in Belfast was a gathering place for Irish nationalist politicians, artists, scholars, and others. He was a prolific sponsor and promoter of Gaelic culture , authored many works of his own, founded (or co-founded) several institutions, and revived and edited

2072-620: The Ulster Journal of Archaeology and he was to edit it until 1914. His active interest in archeology is still recalled by archeologists a century later, with sites that he had dug being known informally as "well and truly Biggered". In 1911, Bigger bought Jordan's Castle in Ardglass which he restored, and bequeathed to the state. As an architect, Bigger wrote a complaint to the Irish Independent , published on 2 March 1907, about plans for some cottages, in response to which

2146-429: The Ulster Journal of Archaeology . The Belfast politician Joseph Biggar changed the spelling of his surname from Bigger to Biggar (when he converted to Catholicism), which caused people some confusion in the spelling of Francis Joseph Bigger's surname. Bigger was born in 1863, in Belfast on Little Donegall Street. The seventh son of Joseph Bigger, of Belfast, and his wife Mary Jane (née Ardery) of Ballyvalley. He

2220-768: The Ulster Public House Association (a.k.a. the Ulster Public House Trust or Ulster Public House Reform Association). For his contributions to local history and archeology, Queen's University Belfast awarded him a master's degree in 1926. He died at home in 1926. Bigger had at least one venture in electoral politics. In the general election of 1906, he was the election agent for J. A. M. Carlisle standing as an Independent Liberal Unionist in Belfast West . With Bigger's help, Carlisle managed just 153 votes, enough to help

2294-494: The Ó Fearghail sept bearing the motto Lámh dhearg air chlogad lúptha . In some Central European armorials of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries, the Kingdom of Galicia is represented by a coat of arms with a red hand or a red glove. It may be due to the phonetic similarity between Gaelic and Galician (' canting arms ' used to do this deliberately or by confusion, such as Galice - Calice or D' Aragón - Dragón ), or by

Red Hand of Ulster - Misplaced Pages Continue

2368-529: The 13th century, where it was used by the Hiberno-Norman de Burgh earls of Ulster . It was Walter de Burgh who became first Earl of Ulster in 1243 who combined the de Burgh cross with the Red Hand to create a flag that represented the Earldom of Ulster and later became the modern Flag of Ulster . It was afterwards adopted by the O'Neills when they assumed the ancient kingship of Ulster, inventing

2442-636: The 2007–2008 exhibition about him at the Belfast Central Library, Roger Dixon, described him as a "one man Irish Cultural Institute" in an accompanying pamphlet entitled Ireland's Cultural Visionary . In the National Library of Ireland , photographs of his home, family, and associates are Ms. 21,543 ; and miscellaneous papers of his are Ms. 21,542 . Other papers of his are held at the Linen Hall Library and at

2516-402: The Arms of Nova Scotia and the privilege of wearing a neck badge signifying "of Nova Scotia", suspended by an orange-tawny ribbon. This consists of an escutcheon argent with a saltire azure, an inescutcheon of the Royal Arms of Scotland , with an Imperial Crown above the escutcheon, and encircled with the motto Fax Mentis Honestae Gloria . This badge may be shown suspended by the ribbon below

2590-507: The Baronetage  – 146 of England, 63 of Ireland, 119 of Scotland, 133 of Great Britain and 853 of the United Kingdom. The total number of baronetcies today is approximately 1,204, although only some 1,020 are on The Official Roll of the Baronetage . It is unknown whether some baronetcies remain extant and it may be that nobody can prove himself to be the actual heir. Over 200 baronetcies are now held by peers; and others, such as

2664-541: The Baronetages of Scotland and Nova Scotia . The new baronets were each required to pay 2,000 marks (equivalent to £522,045 in 2023). or to support six colonial settlers for two years. Over a hundred of these baronetcies, now familiarly known as Scottish baronetcies, survive to this day. As a result of the Union of England and Scotland in 1707, all future creations were styled baronets of Great Britain . Following

2738-555: The Belfast Central Library by Bigger's brother (Lieutenant Colonel F.C. Bigger) a year after his death. The collection in the BCL runs to 10,000 books and journals, 3,500 letters of correspondence, and 180 boxes of scrapbooks, maps, and pamphlets. A further collection of 5,000 photographs is held separately at the Ulster Museum . The bookplates that he used for his books have the motto : "Giving and Forgiving". The curator of

2812-728: The Belfast lodgings of McPeake and O'Reilly, and giving additional money to O'Reilly's family. There is a long list of such visitors most of them Republicans and early separatists, known as the "Ardrigh coterie", including Stephen Gwynn , Padraic Colum , Anna Johnston , and Alice Milligan , and Captain Jack White , who with Casement in 1913 addressed a unique Protestant Home Rule meeting in Ballymoney . A description of Ardrigh House can be found in chapter 4 of Joseph Connolly 's Memoirs , Connolly & Gaughan 1996 , p. 76, listed in further reading . Bigger himself spelled

2886-610: The British system of primogeniture and because claims to baronetcies must be proven; currently the Official Roll of the Baronetage is overseen by the Ministry of Justice . In practice this means that the UK Peerage and Baronetage consist of about 1,200 families (some peers are also baronets), which is roughly less than 0.01% of UK families. The term baronet has medieval origins. Sir Thomas de La More (1322), describing

2960-941: The Cross in the Street of Kells . The former two have the full hand with fingers extended similar to the Red Hand. The form and position of the Kells Dextera Dei is of a pattern usually found on the Continent, whereas that used at Monasterboice and Clonmacnoise appears to unique within Christendom. Bigger suggested the mention of the Dextera Dei in Psalm 118 and Acts 2 represented the old-world figurative expression signifying strength and power, and such hand symbols can be found in ancient civilisations including amongst others

3034-501: The English Crown, have all disappeared and should properly be excluded from the 3,482, making the effective number of creations 3,457. A close examination of Parry's publication shows he missed one or two, so there might well have been some more. As of 2000, including baronetcies where succession was dormant or unproven, there was a total of 1,314 baronetcies divided into five classes of creation included on The Official Roll of

Red Hand of Ulster - Misplaced Pages Continue

3108-596: The Flahertys, Dalys, Melaghlins and Kearneys. On the O'Neill and Donnelly coat of arms the motto is Lámh Dhearg Éireann (Red Hand of Ireland). The arms of the chiefs of the Scottish Clan MacNeil (of Barra ) contain the Red Hand; the clan has traditionally claimed descent from Niall of the Nine Hostages . Many other families have used the Red Hand to highlight an Ulster ancestry. The head of

3182-729: The Irish College of Compostela after the Flight of the Earls ) the "true capital of the Irish people in exile". The form in common use is an open right ( dexter ) hand coloured red, with the fingers pointing upwards, the thumb held parallel to the fingers, and the palm facing forward. The Red Hand features in other Irish clan coats of arms including the O'Donnellys , O'Cahans , the McHughs of County Galway and their fellow Connacht kinsmen

3256-488: The Knox line, have been made tenuous by internal family disputes. According to the Ministry of Justice , it is not necessary to prove succession to a baronetcy in order to use the title, but a person cannot be referred to as a baronet in any official capacity unless their name is on the Official Roll . There were 1,490 baronetcies extant on 1 January 1965. Since then the number has reduced by 286 through extinction or dormancy:

3330-405: The Red Hand was the most legitimate. Further poetic quatrains in the dispute were written by Mac an Baird, Ó Donnghaile, as well as by Mac an Bhaird's son Eoghain. The Mac an Bhairds appear to deride Ó Donnghaile as not having come from a hereditary bardic family and that he is of very low rank without honour, as well as hinting at his family's genealogical link to the O'Neills. Writing in 1908,

3404-555: The Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801, new creations were styled as baronets of the United Kingdom . Under royal warrants of 1612 and 1613, certain privileges were accorded to baronets. Firstly, no person or persons should have place between baronets and the younger sons of peers. Secondly, the right of knighthood was established for the eldest sons of baronets (this was later revoked by George IV in 1827), and thirdly, baronets were allowed to augment their armorial bearings with

3478-470: The United Kingdom may "bear either a canton in their coat of arms, or in an escutcheon, at their pleasure, the arms of Ulster (to wit) a Hand Gules or a Bloody Hand in a Field Argent." It is blazoned as follows: A hand sinister couped at the wrist extended in pale gules . King James I of England established the hereditary Order of Baronets in England on 22 May 1611, in the words of Collins (1741): "for

3552-545: The ancient character and widespread usage of the symbol amongst early pagan civilisations. According to Charles Vallancey in 1788, a red hand pointing upwards was the armorial symbol of the kings of Ireland, and that it was still in use by the O'Brien family, whose motto was Lamh laidir an uachdar , meaning "the strong hand up" or "the strong hand will prevail". Hands feature prominently in Dermot O'Connor's 18th-century publication "Blazons and Irish Heraldic Terminology", with

3626-458: The arms of Ulster, that is, in a field argent, a hand gules, or a bloody hand." The oldest baronets used a dexter (right) hand just like the O'Neills; however, it later became a sinister (left) hand. The exclusive rights to the use of the Red Hand symbol has proved a matter of debate over the centuries, primarily whether it belonged to the O'Neills or the Magennises . The O'Neills became

3700-569: The assimilation of the Galician people with the Milesians (people of Breogán ). The most common heraldic shield in Galicia, as an autonomous region or as a kingdom, is a grail with crosses or shamrocks from the 13th century to the present day. In the 17th century St. James of Compostella ( Santiago de Compostela ) became, according to the bishop Thomas Strong (uncle of Thomas White, founder of

3774-487: The badge (Red Hand of Ulster) in their coats of arms either in canton or an escutcheon at their election". Since 1929 such baronets may also display the Red Hand of Ulster on its own as a badge, suspended by a ribbon below the shield of arms. Baronets of Nova Scotia, unlike other baronets, do not use the Baronet's Badge (of Ulster), but have their own badge showing the escutcheon of the arms of Nova Scotia : Argent,

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3848-465: The baronetage's origins in the Plantation of Ulster , baronets of England, Ireland, Great Britain or the United Kingdom ( i.e. all except baronets of Nova Scotia ) can display the Red Hand of Ulster ( sinister (left) hand version) as a heraldic badge , being the arms of the ancient kings of Ulster . This badge (or augmentation of honour) is blazoned as follows: Argent a Hand sinister couped at

3922-587: The byname "red hand" or "red-handed" ( lámhdhearg or crobhdhearg ). It signified that they were great warriors, their hands being red with the blood of their enemies. The Dextera Dei , or "Right Hand of God", is a symbol that appears on only three high crosses in Ireland: the Cross of Muiredach at Monasterboice ; the Cross of King Flann (also known as the Cross of the Scriptures) at Clonmacnoise ; and

3996-842: The chief dynasty of the Cenél nEógain of the Northern Uí Néill and later the kings of Ulster , whilst the Magennises were the ruling dynasty of the Uí Eachach Cobo , the chief dynasty of the Cruthin of Ulaid, and also head of the Clanna Rudraige . A 16th-century poem noted disagreement between the " Síol Rúraí " (an alias for Clanna Rudraige) and the Northern Uí Néill. A dispute, dated to 1689, arose between several Irish poets about whose claim to

4070-440: The current wife of the incumbent baronet. She would not be "Lady Alice Bloggs", a style reserved for the daughters of dukes, marquesses and earls (and now Ladies Companion of the Garter and Ladies of the Thistle without higher styles). The children of a baronet are not entitled to the use of any courtesy titles . In history, there have been only four baronetesses: In 1976, Lord Lyon King of Arms stated that, without examining

4144-412: The escutcheon. Baronets of England and Ireland applied to King Charles I for permission to wear a badge. Although a badge was worn in the 17th century, it was not until 1929 that King George V granted permission for all baronets (other than those of Scotland) to wear badges. A baronet is referred to and addressed as, for example, "Sir Joseph" (using his forename). The correct style on an envelope for

4218-420: The female equivalent, a baronetess ( / ˈ b æ r ə n ɪ t ɪ s / , / ˈ b æ r ə n ɪ t ɛ s / , or / ˌ b æ r ə ˈ n ɛ t ɛ s / ; abbreviation Btss ), is the holder of a baronetcy , a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown . The title of baronet is mentioned as early as the 14th century ; however, in its current usage it was created by James I of England in 1611 as

4292-481: The first man to lay his hand on the province of Ulster would have claim to it. As a result, the warriors rushed towards land with one chopping off his hand and throwing it over his comrades and thus winning the land. In some versions of the tale, the person who cuts off his hand belongs to the O'Neills, or is Niall of the Nine Hostages himself. In other versions, the person is the mythical Érimón . In medieval Irish literature, several real and legendary kings were given

4366-401: The ground that sovereigns should not necessarily be bound by acts of their predecessors. Although never having been automatically entitled to heraldic supporters , baronets were allowed them in heredity in the first half of the 19th century if the title holder was also a Knight Grand Cross of a Crown order. Baronets of Scotland or Nova Scotia were allowed to augment their armorial bearings with

4440-566: The house's name "Airdrie" in correspondence; it was demolished in 1986 in order to build a block of flats. Bigger was the patron, and first president, of the Ulster Literary Theatre that was founded by in 1902 by another Belfast Gaelic Leaguer, Bulmer Hobson . This patronage extended to financing the theatre's journal, which was named Uladh (the word for Ulster in Irish ), and writing an article, "Art and Culture in Old Belfast", for its first issue in 1904. Bigger financed Songs of Uladh by another of his visitors, Herbert Hughes . The book

4514-576: The last five creations ( Dodds of West Chiltington , Redmayne of Rushcliffe , Pearson of Gressingham , Finlay of Epping and Thatcher of Scotney ). It showed the total number created from 1611 to 1964 to have been 3,482. They include five of Oliver Cromwell , several of which were recreated by Charles II . Twenty-five were created between 1688 and 1784 by James II in exile after his dethronement, by his son James Stuart ("The Old Pretender") and his grandson Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") . These "Jacobite baronetcies" were never accepted by

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4588-432: The lesser nobility, even though William Thoms claims that: The precise quality of this dignity is not yet fully determined, some holding it to be the head of the nobiles minores , while others, again, rank Baronets as the lowest of the nobiles majores , because their honour, like that of the higher nobility, is both hereditary and created by patent. Comparisons with continental titles and ranks are tenuous due to

4662-476: The patent of every Scottish baronetcy, he was not in a position to confirm that only these four title creations could pass through female lines. As of 2020 , there are no living baronetesses. For a baronetess one should write, for example, "Dame Daisy Smith, Btss" on the envelope. At the head of the letter, one would write "Dear Dame Daisy", and to refer to her, one would say "Dame Daisy" or "Dame Daisy Smith" (never "Dame Smith"). All baronetcies are created with

4736-421: The plantation and protection of the whole Kingdom of Ireland, but more especially for the defence and security of the Province of Ulster, and therefore for their distinction those of this order and their descendants may bear (the Red Hand of Ulster) in their coats of arms either in a canton or an escutcheon at their election". Such baronets may also display the Red Hand of Ulster on its own as a badge , suspended by

4810-412: The style " Sir " before their first name. Baronetesses in their own right use " Dame ", also before their first name, while wives of baronets use " Lady " followed by the husband's (marital) surname only, this by longstanding courtesy. Wives of baronets are not baronetesses; only women holding baronetcies in their own right are so styled. Unlike knighthoods – which apply to the recipient only –

4884-418: The then head of the O'Neill clan says of the Red Hand: "History teaches us that already in pagan days it was adopted by the O'Neills from the Macgennis, who were princes in the north of Ireland region inhabited by them". Those involved in the bardic dispute of 1689 claimed that the Red Hand symbol came from a legendary ancestor who put his bloodstained hand on a banner after victory in battle: F.J. Bigger in

4958-402: The title Rex Ultonie (king of Ulster) for themselves in 1317 and then claiming it unopposed from 1345 onwards. An early Irish heraldic use in Ireland of the open right hand can be seen in the seal of Aodh Reamhar Ó Néill , king of the Irish of Ulster, 1344–1364. An early-15th-century poem by Mael Ó hÚigínn is named Lámh dhearg Éireann í Eachach , the first line of which is a variation of

5032-482: The title: " Lamh dhearg Éiriond Ibh Eathoch " , translated as "The Úí Eachach are the 'red hand' of Ireland". The Uí Eachach were one of the Cruthin tribes (known as the Dál nAraidi after 773) that made up the ancient kingdom of Ulaid . The Red Hand symbol is believed to have been used by the O'Neills during its Nine Years' War (1594–1603) against English rule in Ireland , and the war cry lámh dearg Éireann abú ! ("the Red Hand of Ireland to victory")

5106-407: The wrist extended in pale Gules . King James I of England established the hereditary Order of Baronets in England on 22 May 1611, in the words of Collins' Peerage (1741): "for the plantation and protection of the whole Kingdom of Ireland, but more especially for the defence and security of the Province of Ulster, and therefore for their distinction those of this order and their descendants may bear

5180-416: Was also a Freemason . He also helped to organize the Glens Feis, a feis at Cushendall , out of a desire to promote Gaelic culture that also saw him join, and become a member of the executive committee of, the Gaelic League . With the support of the veteran Irish-language revivalist Robert Shipboy MacAdam , who had founded and edited the publication's original series (1853-1862), in 1894 Bigger revived

5254-459: Was also associated with them. An English writer of the time noted "The Ancient Red Hand of Ulster, the bloody Red Hand, a terrible cognizance! And in allusion to that terrible cognizance—the battle cry of Lamh dearg abu!" The Order of Baronets was instituted by letters patent dated 10 May 1612, which state that "the Baronets and their descendants shall and may bear, either in a canton in their coat of arms, or in an inescutcheon , at their election,

5328-569: Was educated at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution , one of whose original governors at its foundation in 1810 was his grandfather David Bigger, and one of whose governors during his education there was his father. One of his brothers was Edward Coey Bigger . Bigger joined the Belfast Naturalists' Field Club, and was later its secretary and its president. He became a solicitor in 1888, and

5402-560: Was published after his death. Other people's works that they dedicated to Bigger include Cathal O'Byrne 's As I Roved Out and George A. Birmingham 's The Northern Iron . A catalogue of his personal collection at his death is in Hackett, Moore & Lauder 1930 , which runs to 302 pages. This comprised a significant fraction of the 1956 Catalogue of Belfast Central Library , the Bigger Collection having been presented to

5476-469: Was published in 1904, the result of a holiday to County Donegal taken by Bigger, who brought along Hughes and the two brothers John Patrick Campbell and Joseph Campbell . Hughes noted down the melodies of various folk songs during the holiday, which were then published in the Songs with words by Joseph and illustrative woodcuts by John. Bigger strove to improve the standards of public houses , founding

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