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Red Stone ( Korean :  붉은보석 ) [Romanization: Beurg ngeun bou sog] is a 2D massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) developed by L&K Logic Korea.

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79-575: The story of Red Stone begins in the fantasy world of Prandel as players go on an adventurous quest to search for a mystical red stone that fell from heaven. At the end of the story, the player may choose to give the red stone in exchange for rewards to one of Prandel's factions, such as the Red Devil, or the Underworld or Heaven, who seek to use the power of the Red Stone for their own gain. When

158-674: A "prequel" set 150 years before the time of Lineage , was released in 2003. By 2006, the Lineage franchise had attracted 43 million players. Lineage W and Throne and Liberty are sequels set after Lineage and will be the last two games in the Lineage series. The North American servers were shut down on June 29, 2011 by NCSoft. Lineage ' s stat, monster, and item system was originally largely borrowed from NetHack with MMO elements added. Players can choose one of seven character classes : Elf , Dark Elf, Knight , Prince , Magician , Dragon Knight, or Illusionist. Princes are

237-457: A cause of illnesses remained prominent in early modern Scotland, where elves were viewed as supernaturally powerful people who lived invisibly alongside everyday rural people. Thus, elves were often mentioned in the early modern Scottish witchcraft trials: many witnesses in the trials believed themselves to have been given healing powers or to know of people or animals made sick by elves. Throughout these sources, elves are sometimes associated with

316-454: A circle where they had danced, called älvdanser (elf dances) or älvringar (elf circles), and to urinate in one was thought to cause venereal diseases. Typically, elf circles were fairy rings consisting of a ring of small mushrooms, but there was also another kind of elf circle. In the words of the local historian Anne Marie Hellström: ... on lake shores, where the forest met the lake, you could find elf circles. They were round places where

395-524: A couple of verse spells, including the Bergen rune-charm from among the Bryggen inscriptions . The appearance of elves in sagas is closely defined by genre. The Sagas of Icelanders , Bishops' sagas , and contemporary sagas , whose portrayal of the supernatural is generally restrained, rarely mention álfar , and then only in passing. But although limited, these texts provide some of the best evidence for

474-415: A few witchcraft trials, people attested that these arrow-heads were used in healing rituals, and occasionally alleged that witches (and perhaps elves) used them to injure people and cattle. A 1749–50 ode by William Collins includes the lines: There every herd, by sad experience, knows How, winged with fate, their elf-shot arrows fly, When the sick ewe her summer food forgoes, Or, stretched on earth,

553-642: A first element. These names may have been influenced by Celtic names beginning in Albio- such as Albiorix . Personal names provide the only evidence for elf in Gothic , which must have had the word * albs (plural * albeis ). The most famous name of this kind is Alboin . Old English names in elf - include the cognate of Alboin Ælfwine (literally "elf-friend", m.), Ælfric ("elf-powerful", m.), Ælfweard ("elf-guardian", m.), and Ælfwaru ("elf-care", f.). A widespread survivor of these in modern English

632-661: A key development of this idea. In the eighteenth century, German Romantic writers were influenced by this notion of the elf, and re-imported the English word elf into the German language. From the Romantic notion came the elves of modern popular culture. Christmas elves are a relatively recent creation, popularized during the late 19th century in the United States. Elves entered the twentieth-century high fantasy genre in

711-582: A major role in transmitting traditional ideas about elves in post-medieval cultures. Indeed, some of the early modern ballads are still quite widely known, whether through school syllabuses or contemporary folk music. They, therefore, give people an unusual degree of access to ideas of elves from older traditional culture. The ballads are characterised by sexual encounters between everyday people and humanlike beings referred to in at least some variants as elves (the same characters also appear as mermen , dwarves, and other kinds of supernatural beings). The elves pose

790-613: A misunderstanding: the image proves to be a conventional illustration of God's arrows and Christian demons. Rather, twenty-first century scholarship suggests that Anglo-Saxon elves, like elves in Scandinavia or the Irish Aos Sí , were regarded as people. Like words for gods and men, the word elf is used in personal names where words for monsters and demons are not. Just as álfar is associated with Æsir in Old Norse,

869-662: A series of comic books with the same title Lineage by Shin Il-sook, and the servers of Lineage are named after the characters of the comic book. It is a fantasy story where a rightful prince reclaims the throne from the hands of a usurper. When first created, the game closely resembled the original work. As developers have added new features, however, the fictional universes of the two works have gradually diverged. NCSoft reported that Lineage had at one point more than three million subscribers, most of them in Korea. The magnitude of

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948-430: A single-player game, the characteristics of the game such as the transformation system were already established. The game that came out with its unique catchphrase called Transformation RPG . In fact, players were highly excited when its transformation system was released, but what came out of it was the slow-paced 2D game such as Lineage (video game) . In result, many people left. However, the transformation system itself

1027-471: A threat to the everyday community by lure people into the elves' world. The most famous example is Elveskud and its many variants (paralleled in English as Clerk Colvill ), where a woman from the elf world tries to tempt a young knight to join her in dancing, or to live among the elves; in some versions he refuses, and in some he accepts, but in either case he dies, tragically. As in Elveskud , sometimes

1106-456: A threatening, even demonic, force. For example, some prayers invoke God's help against nocturnal attacks by Alpe . Correspondingly, in the early modern period, elves are described in north Germany doing the evil bidding of witches; Martin Luther believed his mother to have been afflicted in this way. As in Old Norse, however, there are few characters identified as elves. It seems likely that in

1185-402: Is Alfred (Old English Ælfrēd , "elf-advice"). Also surviving are the English surname Elgar ( Ælfgar , "elf-spear"), and the name of St Alphege ( Ælfhēah , "elf-tall"). German examples are Alberich , Alphart and Alphere (father of Walter of Aquitaine ) and Icelandic examples include Álfhildur . These names suggest that elves were positively regarded in early Germanic culture. Of

1264-547: Is also evidence associating elves with illness, specifically epilepsy. In a similar vein, elves are in Middle High German most often associated with deceiving or bewildering people in a phrase that occurs so often it would appear to be proverbial: die elben/der alp trieget mich ("the elves/elf are/is deceiving me"). The same pattern holds in Early Modern German. This deception sometimes shows

1343-643: Is also to be found in the Prose Edda . The Old High German word alp is attested only in a small number of glosses. It is defined by the Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch as a "nature-god or nature-demon, equated with the Fauns of Classical mythology   ... regarded as eerie, ferocious beings   ... As the mare he messes around with women". Accordingly, the German word Alpdruck (literally "elf-oppression") means "nightmare". There

1422-790: Is difficult to be sure how many of other words, including personal names, can appear similar to elf , because of confounding elements such as al- (from eald ) meaning "old". The clearest appearances of elves in English examples are Elveden ("elves' hill", Suffolk) and Elvendon ("elves' valley", Oxfordshire); other examples may be Eldon Hill ("Elves' hill", Derbyshire); and Alden Valley ("elves' valley", Lancashire). These associate elves fairly consistently with woods and valleys. The earliest surviving manuscripts mentioning elves in any Germanic language are from Anglo-Saxon England . Medieval English evidence has, therefore, attracted quite extensive research and debate. In Old English, elves are most often mentioned in medical texts which attest to

1501-514: Is found throughout the Germanic languages . It seems originally to have meant 'white being'. However, reconstructing the early concept depends largely on texts written by Christians, in Old and Middle English , medieval German, and Old Norse . These associate elves variously with the gods of Norse mythology , with causing illness, with magic, and with beauty and seduction. After the medieval period,

1580-412: Is not necessarily the case, however. For example, because the cognates suggest matt white rather than shining white, and because in medieval Scandinavian texts whiteness is associated with beauty, Alaric Hall has suggested that elves may have been called 'the white people' because whiteness was associated with (specifically feminine) beauty. A completely different etymology, making elf a cognate with

1659-432: Is now southern Sweden. There does not seem to have been any clear-cut distinction between humans and gods; like the Æsir, then, elves were presumably thought of as being humanlike and existing in opposition to the giants . Many commentators have also (or instead) argued for conceptual overlap between elves and dwarves in Old Norse mythology, which may fit with trends in the medieval German evidence. There are hints that

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1738-403: Is often thought to be derived from it. These all come from a Proto-Indo-European root *h₂elbʰ- , and seem to be connected by the idea of whiteness. The Germanic word presumably originally meant 'white one', perhaps as a euphemism. Jakob Grimm thought whiteness implied positive moral connotations, and, noting Snorri Sturluson's ljósálfar , suggested that elves were divinities of light. This

1817-470: Is ongoing. The noun elf-shot is first attested in a Scots poem, "Rowlis Cursing," from around 1500, where "elf schot" is listed among a range of curses to be inflicted on some chicken thieves. The term may not always have denoted an actual projectile: shot could mean "a sharp pain". But in early modern Scotland, elf-schot and other terms like elf-arrowhead are sometimes used of neolithic arrow-heads , apparently thought to have been made by elves. In

1896-536: Is still relatively common. Even when Icelanders do not explicitly express their belief, they are often reluctant to express disbelief. A 2006 and 2007 study by the University of Iceland's Faculty of Social Sciences revealed that many would not rule out the existence of elves and ghosts, a result similar to a 1974 survey by Erlendur Haraldsson . The lead researcher of the 2006–2007 study, Terry Gunnell , stated: "Icelanders seem much more open to phenomena like dreaming

1975-536: Is that the class conversion method is different. It is necessary for both transformation and weapon conversion to learn one or more of the skill of the job to be replaced, but in the case of transformation, the cost of converting the class requires 15 CP. Also, if the CP becomes negative during transformation, the transformation is cancelled. Red Stone DS: Akaki Ishi ni Michibikareshi Monotachi ( RED STONE DS 〜赤き意志に導かれし者たち〜 , Red Stone DS: The Those Ones who are Led by

2054-586: Is to say, the supernaturals protect and enforce religious values and traditional rural culture. The elves fend off, with more or less success, the attacks, and advances of modern technology, palpable in the bulldozer." Elves are also prominent, in similar roles, in contemporary Icelandic literature. Folk stories told in the nineteenth century about elves are still told in modern Denmark and Sweden. Still, they now feature ethnic minorities in place of elves in essentially racist discourse. In an ethnically fairly homogeneous medieval countryside, supernatural beings provided

2133-495: The Ṛbhus , semi-divine craftsmen in Indian mythology, was suggested by Adalbert Kuhn in 1855. In this case, * ɑlβi-z would connote the meaning 'skilful, inventive, clever', and could be a cognate with Latin labor , in the sense of 'creative work'. While often mentioned, this etymology is not widely accepted. Throughout the medieval Germanic languages, elf was one of the nouns used in personal names , almost invariably as

2212-571: The British Isles and Scandinavia, originating in the medieval period, describe elves attempting to seduce or abduct human characters. With modern urbanisation and industrialisation, belief in elves declined rapidly, though Iceland has some claim to continued popular belief. Elves started to be prominent in the literature and art of educated elites from the early modern period onwards. These literary elves were imagined as tiny, playful beings, with William Shakespeare 's A Midsummer Night's Dream

2291-466: The Elder Edda . The only character explicitly identified as an elf in classical Eddaic poetry, if any, is Völundr , the protagonist of Völundarkviða . However, elves are frequently mentioned in the alliterating phrase Æsir ok Álfar ('Æsir and elves') and its variants. This was a well-established poetic formula , indicating a strong tradition of associating elves with the group of gods known as

2370-709: The Late Middle Ages , the word elf began to be used in English as a term loosely synonymous with the French loan-word fairy ; in elite art and literature, at least, it also became associated with diminutive supernatural beings like Puck , hobgoblins , Robin Goodfellow, the English and Scots brownie , and the Northumbrian English hob . However, in Scotland and parts of northern England near

2449-515: The chivalric sagas tend even to be whimsical. In his Rerum Danicarum fragmenta (1596) written mostly in Latin with some Old Danish and Old Icelandic passages, Arngrímur Jónsson explains the Scandinavian and Icelandic belief in elves (called Allffuafolch ). Both Continental Scandinavia and Iceland have a scattering of mentions of elves in medical texts, sometimes in Latin and sometimes in

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2528-632: The subterraneans . Elves have a prominent place in several closely related ballads, which must have originated in the Middle Ages but are first attested in the early modern period. Many of these ballads are first attested in Karen Brahes Folio , a Danish manuscript from the 1570s, but they circulated widely in Scandinavia and northern Britain. They sometimes mention elves because they were learned by heart, even though that term had become archaic in everyday usage. They have therefore played

2607-552: The succubus -like supernatural being called the mare . While they may have been thought to cause diseases with magical weapons, elves are more clearly associated in Old English with a kind of magic denoted by Old English sīden and sīdsa , a cognate with the Old Norse seiðr , and paralleled in the Old Irish Serglige Con Culainn . By the fourteenth century, they were also associated with

2686-625: The svartálfar create new blond hair for Thor's wife Sif after Loki had shorn off Sif's long hair. However, these terms are attested only in the Prose Edda and texts based on it. It is now agreed that they reflect traditions of dwarves , demons , and angels , partly showing Snorri's "paganisation" of a Christian cosmology learned from the Elucidarius , a popular digest of Christian thought. Scholars of Old Norse mythology now focus on references to elves in Old Norse poetry, particularly

2765-593: The Æsir , or even suggesting that the elves and Æsir were one and the same. The pairing is paralleled in the Old English poem Wið færstice and in the Germanic personal name system; moreover, in Skaldic verse the word elf is used in the same way as words for gods. Sigvatr Þórðarson 's skaldic travelogue Austrfaravísur , composed around 1020, mentions an álfablót ('elves' sacrifice') in Edskogen in what

2844-545: The Elf-Knight , in which the Elf-Knight bears away Isabel to murder her, or the Scandinavian Harpans kraft . In The Queen of Elfland's Nourice , a woman is abducted to be a wet nurse to the elf-queen's baby, but promised that she might return home once the child is weaned. In folk stories, Scandinavian elves often play the role of disease spirits. The most common, though the also most harmless case

2923-474: The German-speaking world, elves were to a significant extent conflated with dwarves ( Middle High German : getwerc ). Thus, some dwarves that appear in German heroic poetry have been seen as relating to elves. In particular, nineteenth-century scholars tended to think that the dwarf Alberich, whose name etymologically means "elf-powerful," was influenced by early traditions of elves. From around

3002-616: The Old English Wið færstice associates elves with ēse ; whatever this word meant by the tenth century, etymologically it denoted pagan gods. In Old English, the plural ylfe (attested in Beowulf ) is grammatically an ethnonym (a word for an ethnic group), suggesting that elves were seen as people. As well as appearing in medical texts, the Old English word ælf and its feminine derivative ælbinne were used in glosses to translate Latin words for nymphs . This fits well with

3081-444: The Old Norse word álfr . The following table summarises the situation in the main modern standard languages of Scandinavia. The elves of Norse mythology have survived into folklore mainly as females, living in hills and mounds of stones. The Swedish älvor were stunningly beautiful girls who lived in the forest with an elven king. The elves could be seen dancing over meadows, particularly at night and on misty mornings. They left

3160-582: The Red Stone ) is a singleplayer only adaptation for the Nintendo DS / Nintendo 3DS released only in Japan. It features exclusive dungeons not available in the original game. Lineage (video game) Lineage ( Korean : 리니지 ), also known as Lineage: The Blood Pledge in Western markets, is a medieval fantasy , massively multiplayer online role-playing game ( MMORPG ) released in Korea and

3239-632: The Rhymer , where a man meets a female elf; Tam Lin , The Elfin Knight , and Lady Isabel and the Elf-Knight , in which an Elf-Knight rapes, seduces, or abducts a woman; and The Queen of Elfland's Nourice , a woman is abducted to be a wet-nurse to the elf queen's baby, but promised that she might return home once the child is weaned. In Scandinavian folklore , many humanlike supernatural beings are attested, which might be thought of as elves and partly originate in medieval Scandinavian beliefs. However,

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3318-458: The Scottish border, beliefs in elves remained prominent into the nineteenth century. James VI of Scotland and Robert Kirk discussed elves seriously; elf beliefs are prominently attested in the Scottish witchcraft trials, particularly the trial of Issobel Gowdie ; and related stories also appear in folktales, There is a significant corpus of ballads narrating stories about elves, such as Thomas

3397-757: The United States in 1998 by the South Korean computer game developer NCSoft , based on a Korean comic book series of the same name. It is the first game in the Lineage series. It is most popular in Korea and is available in Chinese , Japanese , and English . The game was designed by Jake Song, who had previously designed Nexus: The Kingdom of the Winds , another MMORPG . Lineage features 2D isometric-overhead graphics similar to those of Ultima Online and Diablo II . Lineage II: The Chaotic Chronicle ,

3476-519: The ancestor-language of the attested Germanic languages ; the Proto-Germanic forms are reconstructed as * ɑlβi-z and * ɑlβɑ-z . Germanic *ɑlβi-z~*ɑlβɑ-z is generally agreed to be a cognate with Latin albus ('(matt) white'), Old Irish ailbhín ('flock'), Ancient Greek ἀλφός ( alphós ; 'whiteness, white leprosy';), and Albanian elb ('barley'); and the Germanic word for 'swan' reconstructed as *albit- (compare Modern Icelandic álpt )

3555-403: The arcane practice of alchemy . In one or two Old English medical texts, elves might be envisaged as inflicting illnesses with projectiles. In the twentieth century, scholars often labelled the illnesses elves caused as " elf-shot ", but work from the 1990s onwards showed that the medieval evidence for elves' being thought to cause illnesses in this way is slender; debate about its significance

3634-601: The belief that elves might afflict humans and livestock with illnesses: apparently mostly sharp, internal pains and mental disorders. The most famous of the medical texts is the metrical charm Wið færstice ("against a stabbing pain"), from the tenth-century compilation Lacnunga , but most of the attestations are in the tenth-century Bald's Leechbook and Leechbook III . This tradition continues into later English-language traditions too: elves continue to appear in Middle English medical texts. Belief in elves as

3713-466: The characteristics and names of these beings have varied widely across time and space, and they cannot be neatly categorised. These beings are sometimes known by words descended directly from the Old Norse álfr . However, in modern languages, traditional terms related to álfr have tended to be replaced with other terms. Things are further complicated because when referring to the elves of Old Norse mythology, scholars have adopted new forms based directly on

3792-482: The elf dance is a common motif transferred from older Scandinavian ballads. Elves were not exclusively young and beautiful. In the Swedish folktale Little Rosa and Long Leda , an elvish woman ( älvakvinna ) arrives in the end and saves the heroine, Little Rose, on the condition that the king's cattle no longer graze on her hill. She is described as a beautiful old woman and by her aspect people saw that she belonged to

3871-571: The elf of Geirstaðir'), and a demonic elf at the beginning of Norna-Gests þáttr . The legendary sagas tend to focus on elves as legendary ancestors or on heroes' sexual relations with elf-women. Mention of the land of Álfheimr is found in Heimskringla while Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar recounts a line of local kings who ruled over Álfheim , who since they had elven blood were said to be more beautiful than most men. According to Hrólfs saga kraka , Hrolfr Kraki 's half-sister Skuld

3950-508: The elves by offering a treat (preferably butter) placed into an elven mill. In order to protect themselves and their livestock against malevolent elves, Scandinavians could use a so-called Elf cross ( Alfkors , Älvkors or Ellakors ), which was carved into buildings or other objects. It existed in two shapes, one was a pentagram , and it was still frequently used in early 20th-century Sweden as painted or carved onto doors, walls, and household utensils to protect against elves. The second form

4029-543: The everyday person is a man and the elf a woman, as also in Elvehøj (much the same story as Elveskud, but with a happy ending), Herr Magnus og Bjærgtrolden , Herr Tønne af Alsø , Herr Bøsmer i elvehjem , or the Northern British Thomas the Rhymer . Sometimes the everyday person is a woman, and the elf is a man, as in the northern British Tam Lin , The Elfin Knight , and Lady Isabel and

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4108-716: The form elf during the Middle English period. During the Old English period, separate forms were used for female elves (such as ælfen , putatively from Proto-Germanic * ɑlβ(i)innjō ), but during the Middle English period the word elf routinely came to include female beings. The Old English forms are cognates – having a common origin – with medieval Germanic terms such as Old Norse alfr ('elf'; plural alfar ), Old High German alp ('evil spirit'; pl. alpî , elpî ; feminine elbe ), Burgundian * alfs ('elf'), and Middle Low German alf ('evil spirit'). These words must come from Proto-Germanic ,

4187-551: The form of amulets, where elves are viewed as a possible cause of illness. Most of them have Low German connections. Sometimes elves are, like dwarves , associated with craftsmanship. Wayland the Smith embodies this feature. He is known under many names, depending on the language in which the stories were distributed. The names include Völund in Old Norse, Wēland in Anglo-Saxon and Wieland in German. The story of Wayland

4266-411: The four days of the patch, but rather refunded spent in-game currency instead. This essentially forced players - who may have bought in-game currency expecting the higher rates from the new patch - to keep the purchase at the lower rates of the old patch. One player was sued by NCSoft after they spent 160 million Korean won (approximately ~141,000 USD at 2021 exchange rate) during the period the new patch

4345-467: The future, forebodings, ghosts and elves than other nations". Whether significant numbers of Icelandic people do believe in elves or not, elves are certainly prominent in national discourses. They occur most often in oral narratives and news reporting in which they disrupt house- and road-building. In the analysis of Valdimar Tr. Hafstein , "narratives about the insurrections of elves demonstrate supernatural sanction against development and urbanization; that

4424-717: The god Freyr was associated with elves. In particular, Álfheimr (literally "elf-world") is mentioned as being given to Freyr in Grímnismál . Snorri Sturluson identified Freyr as one of the Vanir . However, the term Vanir is rare in Eddaic verse, very rare in Skaldic verse, and is not generally thought to appear in other Germanic languages. Given the link between Freyr and the elves, it has therefore long been suspected that álfar and Vanir are, more or less, different words for

4503-427: The grass had been flattened like a floor. Elves had danced there. By Lake Tisnaren , I have seen one of those. It could be dangerous, and one could become ill if one had trodden over such a place or if one destroyed anything there. If a human watched the dance of the elves, he would discover that even though only a few hours seemed to have passed, many years had passed in the real world. Humans being invited or lured to

4582-475: The heart-smit heifers lie. Because of elves' association with illness, in the twentieth century, most scholars imagined that elves in the Anglo-Saxon tradition were small, invisible, demonic beings, causing illnesses with arrows. This was encouraged by the idea that "elf-shot" is depicted in the Eadwine Psalter , in an image which became well known in this connection. However, this is now thought to be

4661-450: The idea of a Fairy Queen . A propensity to seduce or rape people becomes increasingly prominent in the source material. Around the fifteenth century, evidence starts to appear for the belief that elves might steal human babies and replace them with changelings . By the end of the medieval period, elf was increasingly being supplanted by the French loan-word fairy . An example is Geoffrey Chaucer 's satirical tale Sir Thopas , where

4740-419: The information about Red stone was first released, The game was supposed to be a single-player RPG that the player should choose one of several characters and be proceeded with the story. And then there was no news for a while, and then all of sudden, it was released as Online MMORPG game which had almost different concept from what it was at the first place. However, back in the time when it was being developed as

4819-485: The many words for supernatural beings in Germanic languages, the only ones regularly used in personal names are elf and words denoting pagan gods, suggesting that elves were considered to be similar to gods. In later Old Icelandic, alfr ("elf") and the personal name which in Common Germanic had been * Aþa(l)wulfaz both coincidentally became álfr~Álfr . Elves appear in some place names, though it

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4898-504: The number Korean subscribers compared to other countries has sparked a number of theories. A ban on some Japanese imports until 1998 has been cited for delayed growth in its video game console market. As of April 2008, Lineage had a little under 1 million active subscriptions. In 2011, NC Interactive, the subsidiary of NCSoft in the United States began to shut down the Lineage servers (3 at that time) because of poor subscription revenues. Various events were scheduled to take place in

4977-626: The only class that can lead a blood pledge (which is Lineage's term for a guild or clan). Gameplay is based primarily upon a castle siege system which allows castle owners to set tax rates in neighboring cities and collect taxes on items purchased in stores within those cities. It features classic RPG elements reminiscent of Dungeons & Dragons , such as killing monsters and completing quests for loot and experience points , levels , character attributes (charisma, strength, wisdom, etc.), and alignments (neutral, chaotic or lawful). A character's alignment affects how monsters and town guards react to

5056-496: The player's character, often turning hostile to chaotic players and attacking on sight. Player versus player combat (also known as PVP) is extensive in Lineage . Players can engage in combat with other player characters at any time as long as they are not in safe zones such as cities. By joining a "bloodpledge" (an association of players similar to a clan in other games) players become eligible to engage in castle sieges or wars between bloodpledges. The title Lineage came from

5135-413: The poem is to rape Böðvildr , the poem associates elves with being a sexual threat to maidens. The same idea is present in two post-classical Eddaic poems, which are also influenced by chivalric romance or Breton lais , Kötludraumur and Gullkársljóð . The idea also occurs in later traditions in Scandinavia and beyond, so it may be an early attestation of a prominent tradition. Elves also appear in

5214-699: The presence of elves in everyday beliefs in medieval Scandinavia. They include a fleeting mention of elves seen out riding in 1168 (in Sturlunga saga ); mention of an álfablót ("elves' sacrifice") in Kormáks saga ; and the existence of the euphemism ganga álfrek ('go to drive away the elves') for "going to the toilet" in Eyrbyggja saga . The Kings' sagas include a rather elliptical but widely studied account of an early Swedish king being worshipped after his death and being called Ólafr Geirstaðaálfr ('Ólafr

5293-495: The same group of beings. However, this is not uniformly accepted. A kenning (poetic metaphor) for the sun, álfröðull (literally "elf disc"), is of uncertain meaning but is to some suggestive of a close link between elves and the sun. Although the relevant words are of slightly uncertain meaning, it seems fairly clear that Völundr is described as one of the elves in Völundarkviða . As his most prominent deed in

5372-441: The seductive side apparent in English and Scandinavian material: most famously, the early thirteenth-century Heinrich von Morungen 's fifth Minnesang begins "Von den elben wirt entsehen vil manic man / Sô bin ich von grôzer liebe entsên" ("full many a man is bewitched by elves / thus I too am bewitched by great love"). Elbe was also used in this period to translate words for nymphs. In later medieval prayers, Elves appear as

5451-594: The title character sets out in a quest for the "elf-queen", who dwells in the "countree of the Faerie". Evidence for elf beliefs in medieval Scandinavia outside Iceland is sparse, but the Icelandic evidence is uniquely rich. For a long time, views about elves in Old Norse mythology were defined by Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda , which talks about svartálfar , dökkálfar and ljósálfar ("black elves", "dark elves", and "light elves"). For example, Snorri recounts how

5530-463: The wake of J. R. R. Tolkien 's works; these re-popularised the idea of elves as human-sized and humanlike beings. Elves remain a prominent feature of fantasy media today. The English word elf is from the Old English word most often attested as ælf (whose plural would have been * ælfe ). Although this word took a variety of forms in different Old English dialects, these converged on

5609-455: The weeks remaining. Players were given free subscriptions to other NCSoft titles of their choice. As of June 2011, Lineage has shut down all servers in NA, permanently. Between the start in 1998 and August 2012, NCSoft had accumulated $ 1.3 billion in sales revenue from Lineage . By November 2013, the game made $ 1.8 billion . Lineage M is a mobile port of Lineage developed by NCSoft. It

5688-649: The word elf became less common throughout the Germanic languages, losing out to terms like Zwerg ('dwarf') in German and huldra ('hidden being') in North Germanic languages , and to loan-words like fairy (borrowed from French). Still, belief in elves persisted in the early modern period , particularly in Scotland and Scandinavia, where elves were thought of as magically powerful people living, usually invisibly, alongside human communities. They continued to be associated with causing illnesses and with sexual threats. For example, several early modern ballads in

5767-404: The word ælfscȳne , which meant "elf-beautiful" and is attested describing the seductively beautiful Biblical heroines Sarah and Judith . Likewise, in Middle English and early modern Scottish evidence, while still appearing as causes of harm and danger, elves appear clearly as humanlike beings. They became associated with medieval chivalric romance traditions of fairies and particularly with

5846-468: Was an ordinary cross carved onto a round or oblong silver plate. This second kind of elf cross was worn as a pendant in a necklace, and to have sufficient magic, it had to be forged during three evenings with silver, from nine different sources of inherited silver. In some locations it also had to be on the altar of a church for three consecutive Sundays. In Iceland, expressing belief in the huldufólk ("hidden people"), elves that dwell in rock formations,

5925-866: Was live then angrily protested the rollback by obstructing the NCSoft office parking lot with their car. Elf An elf ( pl. : elves ) is a type of humanoid supernatural being in Germanic folklore . Elves appear especially in North Germanic mythology , being mentioned in the Icelandic Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda . In medieval Germanic -speaking cultures, elves were thought of as beings with magical powers and supernatural beauty, ambivalent towards everyday people and capable of either helping or hindering them. Beliefs varied considerably over time and space and flourished in both pre-Christian and Christian cultures . The word elf

6004-635: Was novel and there were quite a lot strategies for it. Red stone features the combat between the player and the monster using various skills along with the transformation system. It has two classes for each character at the same time. Converting a class is called in-game term "transformation" or "weapon conversion". Classes that transform include Magician / Werewolf , Priest / Fallen Angel , Necromancer / Devil , Princess / Little witch , Maid / Demon sorceress , and Musketeer / Alchemist . The rest are weapon conversion classes. The reason for distinguishing between transformation and weapon conversion

6083-612: Was released in South Korea on June 21, 2017. By June 2018, the game had generated more than $ 1.2 billion in gross revenue. As of July 2020, it has grossed $ 2.8 billion . The game attracted controversy in 2021. The game issued a major balance patch in January that offered improved rates for attaining certain in-game abilities and items, but then did a rollback four days later. There were disputes over how refunds were issued; NCSoft did not return real-money purchases made during

6162-614: Was the half-elven child of King Helgi and an elf-woman ( álfkona ). Skuld was skilled in witchcraft ( seiðr ). Accounts of Skuld in earlier sources, however, do not include this material. The Þiðreks saga version of the Nibelungen (Niflungar) describes Högni as the son of a human queen and an elf, but no such lineage is reported in the Eddas, Völsunga saga , or the Nibelungenlied . The relatively few mentions of elves in

6241-400: Was various irritating skin rashes , which were called älvablåst (elven puff) and could be cured by a forceful counter-blow (a handy pair of bellows was most useful for this purpose). Skålgropar , a particular kind of petroglyph (pictogram on a rock) found in Scandinavia, were known in older times as älvkvarnar (elven mills), because it was believed elves had used them. One could appease

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