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68-1272: Coordinates : 54°42′N 66°48′W / 54.7°N 66.8°W / 54.7; -66.8 Geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada Redmond Formation Stratigraphic range : Early Cenomanian 99.7–94.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N [REDACTED] Geologic map and outcrops of Redmond Formation Type Formation Underlies Glacial deposits Overlies Sokoman Formation Thickness Up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) Lithology Primary Argillite Location Coordinates 54°42′N 66°48′W / 54.7°N 66.8°W / 54.7; -66.8 Approximate paleocoordinates 46°24′N 27°18′W / 46.4°N 27.3°W / 46.4; -27.3 Region Newfoundland and Labrador Country [REDACTED] Canada Extent Redmond Basin Type section Named for Redmond No. 1 mine [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Redmond Formation (Canada) The Redmond Formation
136-505: A tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!} is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this
204-460: A datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations a simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ),
272-901: A Late Cretaceous Cenomanian exposure from Labrador, Canada" (PDF) , Acta Palaeontologica Polonica , 65 : 85–98 , retrieved 2020-07-31 Demers Potvin, Alexandre V.; Larsson, Hans C.E. (2019), "Palaeoclimatic reconstruction for a Cenomanian-aged angiosperm flora near Schefferville, Labrador" , Palaeontology , 62 (6): 1027–1048, Bibcode : 2019Palgy..62.1027D , doi : 10.1111/pala.12444 , ISSN 0031-0239 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Redmond_Formation&oldid=1234981620 " Categories : Geologic formations of Newfoundland and Labrador Cretaceous Newfoundland and Labrador Cenomanian Stage Shale formations Shallow marine deposits Paleontology in Newfoundland and Labrador Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Articles with short description Short description
340-401: A deep groove over which the maxilla fits neatly, forming an enclosed canal for injecting venom to immobilise the victim, and enzymes to digest its soft parts. The larva is clad in forward-pointing bristles which help it to anchor itself and exert greater traction, enabling it to subdue prey considerably larger than itself. Antlion larvae are unusual among insects in lacking an anus . All
408-551: A different four subfamilies: Ascalaphinae , Myrmeleontinae , Dendroleontinae , and Nemoleontinae . Jones dissented with Machado et al. and presented an alternative classification, elevating the Ascalaphinae, Palparinae, and Stilbopterygidae of the prior revision to family level and treating only a single subfamily in Myrmeleontidae. However, this classification has been rejected by Hévin et al. (2023), finding
476-469: A few genera, mostly fossil , are of uncertain or basal position. The fossil record of antlions is very small by neuropteran standards. However, some Mesozoic fossils attest to the antlions' origin more than 150 million years ago. These were at one time separated as the Palaeoleontidae, but are now usually recognized as early antlions. The supra-generic classification within the Myrmeleontidae
544-403: A finger-like extension. The antlion larva has a robust fusiform body, a very plump abdomen, and a thorax bearing three pairs of walking legs. The prothorax forms a slender mobile "neck" for the large, square, flattened head, which bears an enormous pair of sickle-like jaws with several sharp, hollow projections. The jaws are formed by the maxillae and mandibles ; the mandibles each contain
612-420: A globular cocoon of sand or other local substrate stuck together with fine silk spun from a slender spinneret at the rear end of the body. The cocoon may be buried several centimetres deep in sand. After completing its transformation into an adult insect over the course of about one month, it emerges from the case, leaving the pupal integument behind, and works its way to the surface. After about twenty minutes,
680-426: A group of about 2,000 species of insect in the neuropteran family Myrmeleontidae . They are known for the predatory habits of their larvae , which mostly dig pits to trap passing ants or other prey. In North America, the larvae are sometimes referred to as doodlebugs because of the marks they leave in the sand. The adult insects are less well known due to their relatively short lifespans in comparison with
748-485: A long, slender abdomen . Although they somewhat resemble dragonflies or damselflies , they belong to a different infraclass of winged insects . Antlion adults are easily distinguished from damselflies by their prominent, apically clubbed antennae which are about as long as the head and thorax combined. Also, the pattern of wing venation differs, and compared to damselflies, the adults are very feeble fliers and are normally found fluttering about at night in search of
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#1732766003346816-463: A mate. Adult antlions are typically nocturnal , and rarely seen by day. Males of most species have a unique structure, a bristle-bearing knob known as a "pilula axillaris", at the base of the rear wing. The abdomen in males is usually longer than in females and often has an extra lobe. The tip of the abdomen of females shows greater variation than that of males, depending perhaps on oviposition sites, and usually bears tufts of bristles for digging and
884-608: A point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as
952-425: A range of usually dry habitats including open woodland floors, scrub -clad dunes , hedge bases, river banks, road verges, under raised buildings and in vacant lots. Apart from pit-trap-forming taxa, the biology of members of the family Myrmeleontidae, to which the antlions belong, has been little studied. The life-cycle begins with oviposition ( egg -laying) in a suitable location. The female antlion repeatedly taps
1020-473: A region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using the same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because
1088-591: A stock colloquialism for any "inescapable" trap, whether literal or metaphorical ( i.e. an unpleasant social obligation). Antlions appear as antagonists in the 1991 life simulation video game , SimAnt , and (in a giant form) in the Final Fantasy series, Grounded , Terraria , Don't Starve Together , Monster Rancher 2 , Mother 3 and in the Half-Life 2 video game series as an unrelated alien insect species sharing sand burowing traits with
1156-411: Is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b
1224-480: Is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and a longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it
1292-522: Is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly, the length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand
1360-520: Is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador . It preserves fossils dating back to the mid- Cretaceous ( Cenomanian ). It was a thin (up to 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) thick) and restricted unit traced for 152 metres (499 ft) in a single mine (Redmond No. 1) in Labrador, overlying Paleoproterozoic rocks, with large amounts of rubble, probably as a result of graben subsidence within
1428-443: Is a voracious predator. Within a few minutes of seizing its prey with its jaws and injecting it with venom and enzymes , it begins to suck out the digestion products. The larva is extremely sensitive to ground vibrations, the low-frequency sounds made by an insect crawling across the ground; the larva locates the source of the vibrations by the differences in timing of the arrival of waves detected by receptors , tufts of hairs on
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#17327660033461496-435: Is costly. The larvae therefore have low metabolic rates and can survive for long periods without food. They can take several years to complete their life-cycle; they mature faster with plentiful food, but can survive for many months without feeding. In cooler climates they dig their way deeper and remain inactive during the winter. When the larva attains its maximum size, it pupates and undergoes metamorphosis . It makes
1564-411: Is different from Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS ) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms
1632-578: Is disputed by different authors. Several different schematics have been proposed. Stange recognized three subfamilies, consisting of Stilbopteryginae , Palparinae , and Myrmeleontinae . Brachynemurinae , Dendroleontinae , and other subfamilies recognized by prior authors were placed in the Myrmeleontinae . Michel et.al recognized just four subfamilies, consisting of Acanthaclisinae , Myrmeleontinae , Palparinae , and Stilbopteryginae . . A subsequent revision by Machado et.al recognized
1700-571: Is filtered out of the soil during pit construction. The larvae prefer dry places protected from the rain. When it first hatches, the tiny larva specialises in very small insects, but as it grows larger, it constructs larger pits, and thus catches larger prey, sometimes much larger than itself. Other arthropods may make use of the antlion larva's ability to trap prey. The larva of the Australian horsefly ( Scaptia muscula ) lives in antlion (for example Myrmeleon pictifrons ) pit traps and feeds on
1768-456: Is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana , a location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum
1836-539: Is often called a "doodlebug" in North America because of the odd winding, spiralling trails it leaves in the sand while relocating, which look as if someone has been doodling . The scientific name of the type genus Myrmeleo – and thus, the family as a whole – is derived from Ancient Greek mýrmex (μύρμηξ) "ant" + léon (λέων) "lion", in a loan translation of the names common across Europe. In most European and Middle Eastern languages, at least
1904-492: Is probably derived from a misreading of Job 4:11. The French naturalist Jean-Henri Fabre wrote that "The Ant-lion makes a slanting funnel in the sand. Its victim, the Ant, slides down the slant and is then stoned, from the bottom of the funnel, by the hunter, who turns his neck into a catapult." In Japan , both the insect and its pit-traps are popularly known as Arijigoku ( 蟻地獄 , lit. "Ant Hell") . This term has since become
1972-649: Is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. Palaeoleontidae see text The antlions are
2040-465: Is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of the shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for
2108-481: The International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and the far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude
Redmond Formation - Misplaced Pages Continue
2176-1326: The Labrador trough . Argillite facies within the formation have produced a diverse flora and insect assemblage. Fossil content [ edit ] Mesoraphidiidae [ edit ] Alloraphidia dorfi Ephemeroptera [ edit ] Alatuscapillus icarus Cruscolli sheppardae Protoligoneuria borealis Palaeoleontidae [ edit ] Palaeoleon ferrogeneticus Susumaniidae [ edit ] Palaeopteron complexum Coleoptera [ edit ] Coleoptera indet. Labradorocoleidae [ edit ] Labradorocoleus carpenteri Cupedidae [ edit ] Cupedidae indet. Haliplidae indet. Peltodytes sp. Tettigarctidae [ edit ] Maculaferrum blaisi Dictyoptera [ edit ] Cretatermes carpenteri Labradormantis guilbaulti See also [ edit ] List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador References [ edit ] ^ Demers Potvin & Larsson, 2019 ^ Mueller, André S.; Demers-Potvin, Alexandre V. (2024-06-01). "New Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) fossil mayfly nymphs (Oligoneuriidae, Heptageniidae, Hexagenitidae) from
2244-451: The metabolic waste generated during the larval stage is stored; some is used to spin the silk for the cocoon and the rest is eventually voided as meconium at the end of its pupal stage. There are about 2,000 species of antlion found in most parts of the world, with the greatest diversity being in warmer areas. The best known species are those in which the larvae dig pits to trap their prey, but not all species do this. Antlions live in
2312-526: The 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from a prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with
2380-504: The 2nd century AD Physiologus , where animal descriptions were paired with Christian morals. The ant-lion as described was said to starve to death because of its dual nature – the lion nature of the father could only eat meat , but the ant half from the mother could only eat grain chaff , thus the offspring could not eat either and would starve. It was paired with the Biblical verse Matthew 5:37 . The fictional ant-lion of Physiologus
2448-506: The Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm a year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of
2516-729: The European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from the one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on
2584-536: The French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with
2652-492: The Redmond Formation, Labrador, Canada" . Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences . 61 (6): 712–722. Bibcode : 2024CaJES..61..712M . doi : 10.1139/cjes-2023-0133 . ISSN 0008-4077 . ^ Demers Potvin et al., 2020 Bibliography [ edit ] Demers Potvin, Alexandre; Szwedo, Jacek; Paragnani, Cassia; Larsson, Hans (2020), "First North American occurrence of hairy cicadas discovered in
2720-528: The adult's wings are fully opened and it flies off in search of a mate. The adult is considerably larger than the larva as antlions exhibit the greatest disparity in size between larva and adult of any type of holometabolous insect. This is by virtue of the fact that the exoskeleton of the adult is extremely thin and flimsy, with an exceptionally low density . The adult typically lives for about 25 days, but some insects survive for as long as 45 days. Antlion larvae eat small arthropods – mainly ants – while
2788-576: The adults of some species eat pollen and nectar , and others are predators of small arthropods. In certain species of Myrmeleontidae, such as Dendroleon pantherinus , the larva, although resembling that of Myrmeleon structurally, makes no pitfall trap, but hides in detritus in a hole in a tree and seizes passing prey. In Japan, Gatzara jezoensis larvae lurk on the surface of rocks for several years while awaiting prey; during this time they often become coated with lichen , and have been recorded at densities of up to 344 per square metre. The larva
Redmond Formation - Misplaced Pages Continue
2856-502: The avalanches which carry prey are as large as possible. Since the sides of the pit consist of loose sand at its angle of repose, they afford an insecure foothold to any small insects that inadvertently venture over the edge, such as ants. Slipping to the bottom, the prey is immediately seized by the lurking antlion; if it attempts to scramble up the treacherous walls of the pit, it is speedily checked in its efforts and brought down by showers of loose sand which are thrown at it from below by
2924-532: The basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for
2992-577: The center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of
3060-411: The center. As it slowly moves round and round, the pit gradually gets deeper and deeper, until the slope angle reaches the critical angle of repose (that is, the steepest angle the sand can maintain, where it is on the verge of collapse from slight disturbance), and the pit is solely lined by fine grains. By digging in a spiral when constructing its pit, the antlion minimises the time needed to complete
3128-649: The default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by a national cartographical organization include the North American Datum ,
3196-490: The distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get the width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!}
3264-722: The duration is not likely to convey substantial survival benefits to the larvae. The closest living relatives of antlions within the Myrmeleontoidea are the owlflies (Ascalaphidae); the Nymphidae are more distantly related. The extinct Araripeneuridae and Babinskaiidae are considered likely to be stem groups in the Myrmeleontiformia clade . The phylogeny of the Neuroptera has been explored using mitochondrial DNA sequences, and while issues remain for
3332-474: The full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used the same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding
3400-561: The group as a whole (the " Hemerobiiformia " being paraphyletic ), the Myrmeleontiformia is generally agreed to be monophyletic , giving the following cladogram : Osmylidae (formerly in "Hemerobiiformia") [REDACTED] Mantispidae (mantidflies) [REDACTED] Ithonidae (moth lacewings) [REDACTED] Chrysopidae (green lacewings) [REDACTED] Nymphidae (split-footed lacewings) [REDACTED] Myrmeleontidae (antlions) [REDACTED] Ascalaphidae (owlflies) [REDACTED] The subfamilies are shown below;
3468-438: The jaws of the larva are hollow and through this, the larva sucks the fluids out of its victim. After the contents are consumed, the dry carcass is flicked out of the pit. The larva readies the pit once again by throwing out collapsed material from the center, steepening the pit walls to the angle of repose. Antlion larvae require loose soil, not necessarily, but often, sand. Antlions can also handle larger granular material which
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#17327660033463536-418: The larva. By throwing up loose sand from the bottom of the pit, the larva also undermines the sides of the pit, causing them to collapse and bring the prey with them. Thus, it does not matter whether the larva actually strikes the prey with the sand showers. Antlion larvae are capable of capturing and killing a variety of insects and other arthropods , and can even subdue small spiders . The projections in
3604-505: The larvae are known under the local term corresponding to "antlion". Antlions can be fairly small to very large neuropterans , with wingspans ranging from 2 to 15 cm (0.8 to 5.9 in). The African genus Palpares contains some of the largest examples. Acanthaclisis occitanica is the largest European species, with an 11 cm (4.3 in) wingspan, and most North American species approach this size. The adult has two pairs of long, narrow, multiveined, translucent wings and
3672-549: The larvae can easily excavate their pits, but some larvae hide under debris or ambush their prey among leaf litter . Antlions are poorly represented in the fossil record . Myrmeleontiformia is generally accepted to be a monophyletic group, and within the Myrmeleontoidea , the antlions' closest living relatives are thought to be the owlflies (Ascalaphidae). A 2019 study finds Myrmeleontidae to be monophyletic, aside from Stilbopteryginae and Palparinae , which form separate clades closer to Ascalaphidae. The predatory actions of
3740-417: The larvae have attracted attention throughout history and antlions have been mentioned in literature since classical times. The exact meaning of the name "antlion" is uncertain. It has been thought to refer to ants forming a large percentage of the prey of the insect, the suffix "lion" merely suggesting "destroyer" or "hunter". In any case, the term seems to go back to classical antiquity . The antlion larva
3808-487: The larvae. Adults, sometimes known as antlion lacewings , mostly fly at dusk or just after dark and may be mistakenly identified as dragonflies or damselflies . Antlions have a worldwide distribution. The greatest diversity occurs in the tropics, but a few species are found in cold- temperate locations, one such being the European Euroleon nostras . They most commonly occur in dry and sandy habitats where
3876-781: The length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text a little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt
3944-461: The location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires
4012-595: The longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to)
4080-463: The melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at the Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree
4148-423: The pit. When the pit is completed, the larva settles down at the bottom, buried in the soil with only the jaws projecting above the surface, often in a wide-opened position on either side of the very tip of the cone. The steep-sloped trap that guides prey into the larva's mouth while avoiding crater avalanches is one of the simplest and most efficient traps in the animal kingdom. The fine grain lining ensures that
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#17327660033464216-541: The prey caught, and the female chalcid wasp ( Lasiochalcidia igiliensis ) purposefully allows itself to be trapped so that it can parasitise the antlion larva by ovipositing between its head and thorax. Recent research has found that antlion larvae often "play dead" for a variable amount of time (from a few minutes up to an hour) when disturbed to hide from predators. The method is effective; it increased survival rates in patches that use it by 20%. Furthermore, they appear to have maximized its usefulness—further increasing
4284-448: The prospective laying site with the tip of her abdomen and then inserts her ovipositor into the substrate and lays an egg. Depending on the species and where it lives, the larva either conceals itself under leaves, debris or pieces of wood, hides in a crack or digs a funnel-shaped pit in loose material. As ambush predators , catching prey is risky because food arrives unpredictably and, for those species that make traps, maintaining one
4352-459: The real antlion larvae. The Trapinch, Vibrava, and Flygon Pokémon evolution line is based on an antlion. The fictional sarlacc from the Star Wars franchise is often compared to the real-life antlion. It also appears as a predator in the film Enemy Mine . In the third book of Tove Jansson 's Moomins series, Finn Family Moomintroll , a rather large and fanciful antlion appears in
4420-512: The same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at the Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In
4488-407: The same sort of pit to feed on ants. Having marked out the chosen site with a circular groove, the antlion larva begins to crawl backward, using its abdomen as a plough to dig up the soil. Using one of its front legs, it places heaps of loosened particles upon its head which it then flicks clear of the scene of operations. Continuing in this way, it gradually works its way from the circumference toward
4556-470: The sides of the two hindmost thoracic segments. Funnel-shaped pits are built by members of just 3 antlion tribes: Myrmeleontini , Myrmecaelurini , and Nesoleontini . In these trap-building species, an average-sized larva digs a pit about 2 in (5 cm) deep and 3 in (7.5 cm) wide at the edge. This behavior has also been observed in the Vermileonidae ( Diptera ), whose larvae dig
4624-456: The taxonomic decisions to be "not substantiated, with only the family name Palparidae being mentioned in isolation." In popular folklore in the southern United States, people recite a poem or chant to make the antlion come out of its hole. Similar practices have been recorded from Africa, the Caribbean, China and Australia. The Myrmecoleon was a mythical ant–lion hybrid written about in
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