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35-447: Communal meals are the times when all monks of an institution are together. Diet and eating habits differ somewhat by monastic order , and more widely by schedule. The Benedictine rule is illustrative. The Rule of St Benedict orders two meals. Dinner is provided year-round; supper is also served from late spring to early fall, except for Wednesdays and Fridays. The diet originally consisted of simple fare: two dishes, with fruit as

70-485: A workplace , or at an outing . The food is usually wrapped in plastic , aluminum foil , or paper and can be carried (" packed ") in a lunch box , paper bag (a " sack "), or plastic bag . While packed lunches are usually taken from home by the people who are going to eat them, in Mumbai, India , tiffin boxes are most often picked up from the home and brought to workplaces later in the day by so-called dabbawallas . It

105-550: A bag of chips , salad or fruit and a bottled drink. Meal deals are a staple of many Western high-street supermarkets and convenience stores; they are generally offered at a deal price and are highly convenient for the busy working person. Some stores are now adding premium meal deal items and salads to their meal deal inventory. Critics, however, criticise the meal deal for increasing the levels of single-use plastic waste in circulation and persuading people to buy more food than they originally intended or wanted - contributing to

140-416: A daily basis, typically several times a day. Special meals are usually held in conjunction with such occasions as birthdays , weddings , anniversaries , and holidays . A meal is different from a snack in that meals are generally larger, more varied, and more filling than snacks. The type of food that is served or consumed at any given time depends on regional customs. Three main meals are often eaten in

175-420: A formal meal the breakfast can be given to the recipient in a basket or hamper. Variations of breakfasts across countries and cuisines Refer to this Misplaced Pages Breakfast page for a list of countries and continents and their variations of breakfast. The cuisine articles linked in the breakfast page regarding each countries and continents cuisine may display variations of breakfast more thoroughly. Lunch

210-500: A large range of preparations and ingredients are associated with breakfast globally. A full breakfast is a breakfast meal, usually including bacon , sausages , eggs , and a variety of other cooked foods, with hot beverages such as coffee or tea, or cold beverages such as juice or milk. It is especially popular in the UK and Ireland, to the extent that many cafés and pubs offer the meal at any time of day as an "all-day breakfast". It

245-445: A noon-time meal, particularly if it is a large or main meal. For example, Sunday dinner is the name used for a large meal served after the family returned home from the morning's church services, and often based on meat that roasted while the family was out, and this term is still often used to signify that Sunday dinner is special even if no longer preceded by attendance at church. The evening meal can be called tea when dinner, which

280-699: A pasta dish), secondo (the "second" course, e.g., fish or meat), usually accompanied by a contorno (a side dish), and dolce ("sweets", or dessert). Many traditions conclude a formal meal with coffee, sometimes accompanied with spirits, either separate or mixed in the coffee. Meal preparation , sometimes called "meal prep," is the process of planning and preparing meals. It generally involves food preparation, including cooking, sometimes together with preparing table decorations, drinks etc Preparing food for eating generally requires selection, measurement and combination of ingredients in an ordered procedure so as to achieve desired results. Food preparation includes but

315-475: A third course if available. The food was simple, with the meat of mammals forbidden to all but the sick. Moderation in all aspects of diet is the spirit of Benedict's law. Meals are eaten in silence, facilitated sometimes by hand signals. A single monk might read aloud from the Scriptures or writings of the saints during the meals. Refectories vary in size and dimension, based primarily on wealth and size of

350-469: Is a breakfast served with champagne or sparkling wine . It is a new concept in some countries and is not typical of the role of a breakfast. It may be part of any day or outing considered particularly luxurious or indulgent . The accompanying breakfast is sometimes of a similarly high standard and include rich foods such as salmon , caviar , chocolate or pastries , which would not ordinarily be eaten at breakfast or more courses. Instead of as

385-488: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Meal A meal is an eating occasion that takes place at a certain time and includes consumption of food . The names used for specific meals in English vary, depending on the speaker's culture, the time of day, or the size of the meal. Although they can be eaten anywhere, meals typically take place in homes, restaurants, and cafeterias. Regular meals occur on

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420-501: Is a meal typically eaten at midday; it varies in size by culture and region. The word lunch is an abbreviation for luncheon , whose origin relates to a small snack originally eaten at any time of the day or night. During the 20th century the meaning in English gradually narrowed to a small or mid-sized meal eaten at midday. Lunch is commonly the second meal of the day after breakfast . Significant variations exist in different areas of

455-613: Is also a form of communal eating. Communal eating is closely bound up with commensality (the sociological concept of eating with other people). Communal eating is also bound up with eating and drinking together to cement relations, to establish boundaries and hierarchies as well as for pleasure. Some examples of communal meals are the Native American potlatch , the Thanksgiving meal, cocktail parties , and company picnics . Meals shared for religious traditions include

490-738: Is also popular in other English-speaking countries. In the different parts of the United Kingdom like in England it is usually referred to as a 'full English breakfast' (often shortened to 'full English') or 'fry-up'. Other regional variants across the UK include the 'full Scottish'in Scotland , 'full Welsh' in Wales , and the 'Ulster fry' in Northern Ireland . The full breakfast

525-422: Is also possible to buy packed lunches from stores in several countries. Lunch boxes made out of metal , plastic or vinyl are now popular with today's youth. Lunch boxes provide a way to take heavier lunches in a sturdier box or bag. It is also environmentally friendly . Another variation of lunch is the meal deal, this is a meal often bought from a store and contains the following: a sandwich or pastry ,

560-588: Is among the most internationally recognised British dishes , along with such staples as bangers & mash , shepherd's pie , fish and chips and the Christmas dinner . The full breakfast became popular in the British Isles during the Victorian era, and appeared as one among many suggested breakfasts in the home economist Isabella Beeton 's The Book of Household Management (1861). A full breakfast

595-545: Is generally the largest of the day, is eaten in the middle of the day. A full-course dinner is a dinner consisting of multiple dishes, or courses. In its simplest, English-based form, it can consist of three to five courses, such as appetizers, fish course, entrée, main course and dessert. The traditional courses and their order vary by culture. In the Italian meal structure , there are traditionally four formal courses: antipasto (appetizers), primo (the "first" course, e.g.,

630-438: Is not limited to cooking. Cooking or cookery is the art , technology and craft of preparing food for consumption with the use of heat. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world , from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends. The ways or types of cooking also depend on

665-636: Is often contrasted (e.g. on hotel menus) with the lighter alternative of a Continental breakfast , traditionally consisting of tea, milk or coffee and fruit juices with bread, croissants , or pastries . " Instant breakfast " typically refers to breakfast food products that are manufactured in a powdered form, which are generally prepared with the addition of milk and then consumed as a beverage . Some instant breakfasts are produced and marketed in liquid form, being pre-mixed. The target market for instant breakfast products includes consumers who tend to be busy, such as working adults. A champagne breakfast

700-488: Is often kept in the kitchen. As well as continued use of the historic monastic meaning, the word refectory is often used in a modern context to refer to a café or cafeteria that is open to the public—including non-worshipers such as tourists —attached to a cathedral or abbey . This usage is particularly prevalent in Church of England buildings, which use the takings to supplement their income. Many universities in

735-839: Is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work. Some believe it to be the most important meal of the day. The word breakfast literally refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night. Breakfast foods vary widely from place to place, but often include carbohydrates such as grains or cereals, fruit, vegetables, protein foods like eggs , meat or fish, and beverages such as tea , coffee , milk , or fruit juice , juices often taken first of all. Coffee, milk, tea, juice, breakfast cereals , pancakes , waffles , sausages , French toast , bacon , sweetened breads , fresh fruits, vegetables, eggs , baked beans , muffins , crumpets and toast with butter , margarine , jam or marmalade are common examples of Western breakfast foods, though

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770-503: The Last Supper reportedly took place) on the side of the cloister opposite the church. Benedictine models are traditionally generally laid out on an east–west axis, while Cistercian models lie north–south. Norman refectories could be as large as 160 feet (49 m) long by 35 feet (11 m) wide (such as the abbey at Norwich ). Even relatively early refectories might have windows, but these became larger and more elaborate in

805-570: The meal and conversation . Communal dining can take place in public establishments like restaurants , college cafeterias, or in private establishments (home). It often but not always serves a social, symbolic and/or ceremonial purpose. For some, the act of eating communally defines humans as compared to other species. Communal meals have long been of interest to both archeologists and anthropologists. Much scholarly work about communal eating has focused on special occasions but everyday practices of eating together with friends, family or colleagues

840-436: The 1800s was usually just toast or some variation of gruel or porridge and the main meal was dinner. Peasants (which were the majority in every country) had dinner around noon, after six or seven hours of work. Then, in the late 1700s and the 1800s, people began to work farther from home, and the midday meal had to become something light, just whatever they could carry to work (lunch). They began to eat dinner (the main meal) in

875-523: The Christian Agape feast , Muslim iftar , and Jewish Passover Seder . Some restaurants feature communal meals at large tables where diners are seated next to strangers and are encouraged to interact with neighbors. Communal dining was an important part of ancient Rome 's religious traditions . There is a mention of communal dining in Chinese history. This food -related article

910-631: The UK also call their student cafeteria or dining facilities the refectory. The term is rare at American colleges, although Brown University calls its main dining hall the Sharpe Refectory, the main dining hall at Rhodes College is known as the Catherine Burrow Refectory, and, in August of 2019, Villanova University chose the name 'The Refectory' for the "sophisticated-yet-casual restaurant service" (open to students and

945-406: The evening. Throughout history, meals were normally communal affairs. People got together, shared the food, and perhaps talked over the day. In the 21st century, an increasing number of adults in developed countries eat most or all of their meals alone. Although more people are eating alone, research suggests that many people do not consider a "meal" a solo act, but rather commensal dining. It

980-411: The growing obesity crisis . Dinner usually refers to a significant and important meal of the day, which can be the noon or the evening meal. However, the term dinner can have many different meanings depending on the culture; it may mean a meal of any size eaten at any time of the day. Historically, it referred to the first large meal of the day, eaten around noon, and is still sometimes used for

1015-472: The high medieval period. The refectory at Cluny Abbey was lit through thirty-six large glazed windows. The twelfth-century abbey at Mont Saint-Michel had six windows, five feet wide by twenty feet high. In Eastern Orthodox monasteries, the trapeza ( Greek : τραπεζαρία , refectory ) is considered a sacred place, and in some cases is even constructed as a full church with an altar and iconostasis . Some services are intended to be performed specifically in

1050-412: The monastery, as well as when the room was built. They share certain design features. Monks eat at long benches; important officials sit at raised benches at one end of the hall. A lavabo , or large basin for hand-washing, usually stands outside the refectory. Tradition also fixes other factors. In England, the refectory is generally built on an undercroft (perhaps in an allusion to the upper room where

1085-454: The morning, early afternoon, and evening in most modern civilizations. Further, the names of meals are often interchangeable by custom as well. Some serve dinner as the main meal at midday, with supper as the late afternoon/early evening meal; while others may call their midday meal lunch and their early evening meal supper or dinner. Except for "breakfast," these names can vary from region to region or even from family to family. Breakfast

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1120-402: The public) to purposefully acknowledge and recognize the history of the refectory name to connote "a dining room for communal meals at academic institutions and monasteries". Communal meal A communal meal is a meal eaten by a group of people. Also referred to as communal dining , the practice is centered on food and sharing time with the people who come together in order to share

1155-418: The skill and type of training an individual cook has. Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments. Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, most notably with ceviche , a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice. Breakfast before

1190-732: The trapeza. There is always at least one icon with a lampada (oil lamp) kept burning in front of it. The service of the Lifting of the Panagia is performed at the end of meals. During Bright Week , this service is replaced with the Lifting of the Artos . In some monasteries, the Ceremony of Forgiveness at the beginning of Great Lent is performed in the trapeza. All food served in the trapeza should be blessed, and for that purpose, holy water

1225-535: The world. In some parts of the UK it can be called dinner or lunch, with the last meal called tea. A packed lunch (also called pack lunch , sack lunch or bag lunch in North America , or packed lunch in the United Kingdom , as well as the regional variations: bagging in Lancashire , Merseyside and Yorkshire , ) is a lunch prepared at home and carried to be eaten somewhere else, such as school,

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