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130-505: Brazilian identity cards can be used as travel documents to enter the Mercosur members and associated countries (except Guyana and Suriname ). Having and carrying an RG card is not compulsory under law, but it is compulsory to carry some form of identification, so it is common for all citizens to have and carry one. Its issuance is the responsibility of the governments of the federative units of Brazil and are valid nationwide. There

260-612: A Border Crossing Card (BCC) is an identity document issued by the American government to nationals of Mexico. As a standalone document, the BCC allows its holder to visit border areas when entering by land or sea directly from Mexico for up to 30 days and, when presented with a valid Mexican passport , functions as a B1/B2 visa for entry to any part of the United States by any means of transportation. Additionally, Mexico permits

390-611: A Hong Kong Document of Identity for Visa Purposes or Visit Permit for Residents of Macao to HKSAR to travel in either region with identity cards for up to 30 days. In Western Europe, travel using identity cards is relatively common for citizens of the European Economic Area and adjacent territories. Within the Schengen Area, there are limited border controls in place and national identity cards may be used to clear them. Since August 2021, identity cards within

520-619: A ROC passport without right of abode or a Chinese Travel Document instead. When issued to a Tibetan residing in India, a certificate of identity is invariably endorsed as being valid for return to India and therefore exempts the holder from requiring a visa to clear Indian border controls upon re-entry. Between 2000 and 2008, the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) issued

650-682: A machine readable travel document to enable Indigenous individuals to cross the border more efficiently. In order to address the desire of members of indigenous nations not to be labelled as Canadian citizens, the Secure Certificate of Indigenous Status does not state the individual's nationality. The Canadian government issues Certificates of Indigenous Status to registered indigenous individuals regardless of whether or not they are Canadian citizens or hold Canadian permanent residence but, although America permits Canadian citizens exercising Jay Treaty freedom of movement rights to enter using

780-521: A visa also to be obtained, but this is not an automatic right. Many other additional conditions may apply, such as not being likely to become a public charge for financial or other reasons, and the holder not having been convicted of a crime . Where a country does not recognise another, or is in dispute with it, it may prohibit the use of their passport for travel to that other country, or may prohibit entry to holders of that other country's passports, and sometimes to others who have, for example, visited

910-528: A booklet-form Japan re-entry Permit is issued for international travel. While special permanent residents are treated by Japanese authorities as similar to Japanese citizens in most regards, including access to consular assistance, they are unable to participate in elections or exercise other rights reserved specifically for Japanese citizens. Nevertheless, they enjoy greater legal rights than ordinary permanent residents. For example, special permanent residents are not subject to immigration control under Article 5 of

1040-579: A citizen's information into a single document. However, the inclusion of the National Driver's License was banned from the original text, due to the possible need for retention by transit agencies and also the Passport, since it is a requirement of other countries as a single document. The database is called "Identificação Civil Nacional" (ICN), while the document will be called "Documento Nacional de Identidade" (DNI). The responsibility for managing

1170-633: A decision from the Supreme Federal Court to start an impeachment process against him . On his first day as acting president, Vice President Temer appointed a new cabinet, reducing the number of ministries from 32 to 23. Women's rights and Afro-Brazilian rights activists criticized the fact that all of the appointed ministers were white men, for the first time since 1979. On 2 June 2016, Temer received an eight-year ban from running for office after being convicted of violating election laws. This effectively ended any chance of Temer running for

1300-509: A declaration recording their choice. The paper-based version of the ID card can be issued until 1 March 2032, but issuing authorities can stop issuing the paper version before this date. A digital version will be available on portable devices , such as smartphones. Applicants who have a previous version of the ID card can apply for the new ID card free of cost. The previous versions of the ID card will continue to be valid for 10 years starting from

1430-521: A decree to dissolve the "Reserva Nacional do Cobre e Associados" (Renca) Amazonian reserve in Brazil's northern states of Pará and Amapá , measuring 4 million hectares to allow mining by private companies and the conversion of forest into crops for agro-business companies. After widespread criticism, the decree was revoked on 26 September. In an Ibope survey in September 2016, after approximately

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1560-496: A development that was being delayed by a heritage preservation measure by allowing construction to go ahead in spite of said measure. Vieira Lima resigned on 25 November 2016, and opposition leaders stated that they would seek President Temer's impeachment over this incident. Temer denied the corruption allegations but admitted talking to Calero about the project. In December 2016, Marcelo Odebrecht confirmed paying bribes to President Temer. In March 2017, Temer decided to move to

1690-467: A federal deputy. In his works, he showed himself to be a supporter of parliamentarism and a political recall system, while opposing economic interventionism and tax increases. However, he considered himself a writer only in 2013, when he published Anonymous Intimacy , a book of poems. It consists of 120 poems, many of which were written on napkins during his plane trips between São Paulo and Brasílla . Temer said writing poems helped him recover from

1820-594: A federative unit-issued identity card include a reference to the RG number of the federative unit that issued the identity card. A standard federative unit-issued ID is required to obtain a passport, professional ID, driver's license or any other kind of substitute ID. Once an individual is registered with an RG, they can use a substitute document to register in any federative unit. Since Decree No. 70.391 in 1972, Portuguese citizens benefiting from equal citizenship status are eligible for regular Brazilian identity cards. They enjoy

1950-526: A full term as president in the 2018 election . It can be argued that he was already ineligible to run in 2018 in any event. Under the Constitution , the vice president becomes acting president whenever the president travels abroad. Due to the manner in which the Constitution's provisions on term limits are worded, whenever a vice president serves as acting president for any reason, it counts toward

2080-714: A given jurisdiction. The most common form of travel document is the passport, a booklet-form identity document issued by national authorities or the governments of certain subnational territories containing an individual's personal information as well as space for the authorities of other jurisdictions to affix stamps, visas, or other permits authorising the bearer to enter, reside, or travel within their territory. Certain jurisdictions permit individuals to clear border controls using identity cards, which typically contain similar personal information. Different countries impose varying travel document regulations and requirements as part of their border control policies and these may vary based on

2210-582: A member of the Ibero-American Institute of Constitutional Law. Temer published four major works in constitutional law. His most famous book is Elements of Constitutional Law , published in 1982, which sold over 240,000 copies. The book focuses on the organization of the Brazilian state, especially on the separation of powers . His 2006 book Democracy and Citizenship highlighted the relevance of law and included some of his speeches as

2340-592: A month of President Temer's administration, 39% of Brazilians rated his administration "bad or terrible", while 14% considered it "great or good". 2,002 people were heard between 20 and 25 September, and the margin of error was two percentage points. A poll by Datafolha in June 2018 showed 82% of Brazilians rating his administration "bad or very bad", the most of any president since the Brazilian transition to democracy . Raised by Maronite parents, Temer identifies as

2470-614: A national passport in addition. As with national passports, some countries and regions accept it for entry without the need for a visa (e.g., Turkmenistan , Kenya, the United Kingdom, Schengen Area , Lebanon, etc.), while other countries may require a visa before accepting it for entry (depending on the nationality of the UNLP holder). Similarly, the European Union laissez-passer is issued to civil servants and members of

2600-404: A naturalization certificate. Since 11 January 2023, applicants are required to have a CPF number to obtain an identity card. If an applicant does not have a CPF number, the issuing authority will register a CPF for the applicant. There is a national standard form of the card, but each issuing federative unit may introduce minor adjustments, usually concerning the numbering scheme, font , and

2730-487: A new ID card was issued, and all 26 states and the Federal District were required to issue the new ID card starting 6 November 2023. The CPF number , which all Brazilian citizens have already got for tax purposes, will be the ID card number. Any applicant will choose between two physical versions: a modern plastic ID-1 card or a classic paper-based card. Applicants who choose the plastic-based card must sign

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2860-510: A new ID card with a standard design to go with the changes. The new card has security features to deter counterfeiting ; the introduction of an embedded Near field communication (NFC) chip is also being considered. In February 2017, the Chamber of Deputies approved the project to put the new ID card into force, which would be called Identificação Civil Nacional . However, the draft law was put on hold for undetermined time. On April 5, 2017,

2990-400: A pass to allow travel to specific areas, or out of war zones or countries for various officials, diplomatic agents, other representatives or citizens of third countries. In these contexts, a laissez-passer would frequently include quite specific and limited freedom of movement . The form and issuing authority would be more or less standardized, depending on the circumstances. For example, during

3120-494: A passport from their own government, or whose government is not recognised by the issuing country. During the COVID-19 pandemic , they were issued by French consulates to people who would otherwise be unable to enter the country due to travel restrictions, but were allowed to enter for a single trip on compassionate grounds. Historically, laissez-passers were commonly issued during wartime and at other periods, literally acting as

3250-477: A passport or other travel document from their home country. Similarly, Hong Kong and Macau issue permanent resident cards to all permanent residents including those without Chinese citizenship. While Canada does not issue a mandatory national identity card to its citizens, it issues the Canada permanent resident card , which serves as a valid travel document for Canadian permanent residents to clear border controls in

3380-419: A passport stamp on request for such "memory" purposes. Monaco (at its tourist office) and Andorra (at its border) do this as well. These are official stamps issued by government offices. In general, a passport is a travel document that also serves as proof of nationality from the issuing country. Although generally accepted by the majority of countries in the world, some issuing countries expressly exclude

3510-443: A passport. The visa requirements of certificates of identity may be different from those of regular passports. There are three types of certificate of identity: 1954 Convention travel documents , 1951 Convention travel documents , and non-convention travel documents. A 1954 Convention travel document is a certificate of identity issued to a (typically, but not always, stateless ) person in circumstances of any difficulties in gaining

3640-513: A person whose only connection to the America is through birth in an outlying possession (which is defined in 8 U.S.C.   § 1101 as American Samoa and Swains Island , which is administered as part of American Samoa), or through descent from a person so born, acquires American nationality but not citizenship. This was formerly the case in only four other current or former American territories . The origin of this distinction in status

3770-538: A reciprocal special regimen in recognition of Brazil and Portugal's special relationship . They bear the writing Nacionalidade Portuguesa - Decreto nº 70.391/72 , meaning "Portuguese nationality - Decree No. 70.391/72". Federal Law 9,454/1997 called for the merging of the federative unit-level registration systems into a unified registry. This will likely require merging the RG numbers with the new RIC ( Registro de Identidade Civil , English: "Civilian Identity Registry" ) numbering system. The Federal Police has proposed

3900-436: A revolt within his own party. Overwhelmed by protests, Temer deployed federal troops to the capital. Many photographs and testimonials taken during the protest show police violence, and officers shooting at demonstrators during the demonstration. President Temer's refusal to resign made him increasingly unpopular and provoked not only a political stalemate but also uncertainty, plunging the country into crisis and amplifying

4030-589: A series of legislative initiatives focused on amnesty and changes to the code of criminal procedure. In June 2017 Temer's approval rating stood at 7%, the lowest for any President of Brazil in more than thirty years. In a survey conducted by the IBOPE institute, between 24 and 26 July 81% of Brazilians favored the indictment of the President. On 2 August, lawmakers in the lower house in Congress voted not to refer

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4160-467: A similar function in China's special administrative regions and are issued to stateless permanent residents and to Chinese citizens temporarily residing in the region who hold neither permanent residence of Hong Kong or Macau nor residence status in the mainland and are thereby ineligible for any category of Chinese passport. The Indian government issues non-convention certificates of identity to members of

4290-434: A special lower house committee was scheduled to vote whether to back the request to impeach the president, generating complaints and accusations of treachery and lack of support from a vice president conspiring against the elected president. Temer alleged it was sent incorrectly to a WhatsApp group of his party's representatives in Congress. As investigations following Operation Car Wash grew, allegations against members of

4420-532: A travel document from their country of origin. Similarly, a 1951 Convention travel document (or refugee travel document) is a certificate of identity issued to a refugee by the state in which they normally reside in allowing them to travel outside that state and to return there. Refugees are unlikely to be able to obtain passports from their state of nationality (from which they have sought asylum) and therefore need travel documents so that they might engage in international travel. The 145 states which are parties to

4550-609: A valid passport booklet to board their flight in order to satisfy American immigration authorities at departure. Similarly, although several countries outside the European Economic Area accept national identity cards issued by its member states for entry, Sweden and Finland do not permit their citizens to depart for countries outside the EEA using solely their identity cards. Many countries normally allow entry to holders of passports of other countries, sometimes requiring

4680-784: A variety of other types of passports by governments in specific circumstances. The International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP), also known as the Carte Jaune, is an official vaccination report created by the WHO . As a travel document, it is a kind of medical passport that is recognised internationally and may be required for entry to certain countries where there are increased health risks for travellers (see section on biosecurity ). Various schemes for health passports or vaccination certificates have been proposed for people who have been vaccinated against COVID-19 . The IATA Travel Pass application for smart phones, introduced by

4810-530: Is a Brazilian politician, lawyer and writer who served as the 37th president of Brazil from 31 August 2016 to 1 January 2019. He took office after the impeachment and removal from office of his predecessor Dilma Rousseff . He had been the 24th vice president of Brazil since 2011 and acting president since 12 May 2016, when Rousseff's powers and duties were suspended pending an impeachment trial . The Senate's 61–20 vote on 31 August 2016 to remove Rousseff from office meant that Temer succeeded her and served out

4940-584: Is a document that officially records information related to a specific animal, as part of that procedure. The effect is to drastically speed up and simplify travel with and transport of animals between member countries, compared to previous procedures if the regulations are followed. On 1 October 2001, the European Union introduced the PETS scheme, under which animals from any member country may freely travel to any other member country on approved carriers. PETS

5070-400: Is a travel document issued by a national government or certain international organisations. A laissez-passer is often for one-way travel to the issuing country for humanitarian reasons only such as Restoring Family Links . Some national governments issue laissez-passers to their own nationals as emergency passports . Others issue them to people who are stateless , or who are unable to obtain

5200-476: Is an example of such a document. Valid for international travel, it is issued to lawful permanent residents temporarily expatriating overseas. Unlike the "Green Card" issued to all permanent residents, this document is not mandatory. The American "Green Card", on its own or in conjunction with a passport, is valid for international travel albeit not to the same extent as the re-entry permit. Both documents can be utilised to clear American border controls regardless of

5330-513: Is an identity card issued by provincial and state authorities in Canada and America that, in addition to serving as a valid driving licence, enables its bearer to clear land border controls between the two countries. It is not valid for air travel and does not permit its holder to clear border controls at airports. Certain provinces and states may issue similar enhanced versions of regional identity cards issued to individuals who do not drive. Similarly,

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5460-430: Is generally issued by the same authorities. Additionally, it contains information as to its bearer's qualifications to serve on a ship's crew. In certain jurisdictions, of seafarers' identity documents are entitled to simplified visa requirements when travelling on duty. For instance, mainland China maintains a simplified visa regime for holders of certain countries' seafarers' identity documents travelling on duty. While

5590-468: Is into whether bribe money helped fund the 2014 campaign that saw Dilma Rousseff re-elected president with Temer as her running mate; Temer also denies this. In 2017 Brazil's federal police said that investigators have found evidence the president received bribes to help businesses. A released video made by investigators shows Rodrigo Rocha Loures, former Temer aide, carrying a suitcase filled with about $ 150,000 in cash allegedly being sent from JBS S.A. to

5720-514: Is issued in one of two formats depending on the nationality status of the holder. For ordinary permanent residents holding a passport from their country of citizenship, it is issued as a stamp or sticker affixed to a page on its holder's passport. For members of the Chōsen-seki community and descendants of Taiwanese immigrants whose ancestors moved to Japan when Korea and Taiwan were Japanese colonies, who are classified as special permanent residents ,

5850-682: Is issued to Interpol officers for travel to Interpol member countries. They are intended to reduce response times for personnel deployed to assist with transnational criminal investigations, major events or emergency situations by waiving normal visa requirements. The travel documents consist of an e-Passport Booklet and an e-Identification Card identifying the holder as an Interpol officer, granting them special immigration status when travelling on official Interpol duties to participating member countries. Laissez-passer documents may also be issued to goods or other non-living objects to facilitate their transport across international borders. For instance,

5980-410: Is no legal restriction on having more than one identity card, provided each one is issued by a different federative units. The documents required to obtaining an identity card depend on whether the applicant is single, married or naturalized. Single people need a birth certificate (the original or a certified copy), while married people can use their marriage certificate, and naturalized people can use

6110-611: Is the United States Supreme Court ’s jurisprudence in the Insular Cases , in which the court held that the indigenous inhabitants of newly acquired territories did not automatically acquire full American citizenship. Consequently, American Samoans are issued passports containing endorsement code 9 which states: "THE BEARER IS A UNITED STATES NATIONAL AND NOT A UNITED STATES CITIZEN." on the annotations page. Non-citizen American nationals may reside and work in

6240-533: Is the youngest. Temer is not fluent in Arabic , but is able to discern the topic of a conversation in that language. As a child, Temer dreamed of becoming a pianist . However, there were no piano teachers in his city. As a teenager, he wanted to be a writer. After failing chemistry and physics classes in his first year of high school, he gave up the "curso científico", which prioritized hard sciences and math. In 1957, he moved to São Paulo to finish high school in

6370-470: Is valid for at least six months as many airlines deny boarding to passengers whose passport has a shorter expiry date, even if the destination country may not have such a requirement. Travel documents are typically issued in one of two formats: The ICAO (ICAO) issues standards for both booklet and identity card-format travel documents which are treated as recommendations to national governments. The size of booklet-form travel documents normally complies with

6500-600: The 1964 coup d'état . With the beginning of military rule , he moved away from politics. In 1974, he completed a doctorate in public law at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP). In 1968, Temer began teaching constitutional law at PUC-SP , where he also taught civil law and was director of the postgraduate department and of the Brazilian Institute Of Constitutional Law as well as

6630-547: The 2018 Brazilian general election and was succeeded by Jair Bolsonaro . Born in Tietê, São Paulo , Temer is the son of Nakhoul "Miguel" Elias Temer Lulia and March Barbar Lulia, Maronite Catholic Lebanese immigrants who came to Brazil in 1925. His parents, along with three older siblings, immigrated to Brazil from Btaaboura , a small village in northern Lebanon , to escape famine and instability due to World War I . In Brazil, his parents had five more children, and Temer

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6760-636: The Agreement on the Transfer of Corpses sets out rules whereby human corpses may be issued laissez-passer documents in order for a body to be buried or cremated in a country different from the one in which the person died. Certain jurisdictions permit the use of identity cards to clear border controls. For instance, when travelling between India and Nepal or Bhutan, Indian citizens may utilise national voter ID cards, ration cards, or national identity cards . Indian citizens may also obtain identity slips at

6890-822: The Andean Community of Nations , or on a bilateral basis (e.g., between Chile and Peru, between Brazil and Chile), without passports, presenting instead their national ID cards, or, for short stays, their voter-registration cards. In some cases this travel must be done overland rather than by air. Mercosur citizens can travel visa-free and only with their ID cards between the member and associated countries (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina). Some countries issue travel documents to permanent residents (i.e. foreign citizens permitted to reside there indefinitely) or other non-citizens, usually for re-entry but also occasionally valid for international travel. The American Re-Entry Permit

7020-643: The Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB) began to arise. In December 2015, impeachment proceedings toward Temer were filed, though his fellow party member, President of the Chamber of Deputies Eduardo Cunha , blocked the movement and instead allowed impeachment proceedings against President Rousseff. After a Supreme Court judge, Justice Mello, ruled Cunha's actions wrong, he suggested that Temer should face impeachment proceedings. Another attempt to impeach Temer began with

7150-718: The Chinese Travel Document ( Chinese : 中国旅行证 ; pinyin : Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Lǚ​xíng Zhèng ) when entering the mainland. Circumstances in which the CTD is required include: A Travel Document in Lieu of National Passport ( Hebrew : תעודת מעבר במקום דרכון לאומי Teudat Ma'avar bimkom Darkon Leumi ) may be issued to an Israeli citizen in a number of circumstances. They are normally valid for two years, and not for more than five years. The issuance of travel documents instead of passports became prevalent in

7280-711: The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf countries need only national ID cards (also referred to as civil ID cards) to cross the borders of council countries. In North America, American citizens may travel to Canada or certain islands in the Caribbean using the passport card while children holding Canadian or American citizenship may travel between America and Canada using birth certificates under certain circumstances. An Enhanced Driving Licence

7410-560: The ISO/IEC 7810 ID-3 standard, which specifies a size of 125 by 88 millimetres (4.9 in × 3.5 in). This size is the B7 format. Cards are issued to the ID-1 (credit card sized) standard. For immigration control, officials of many countries affix entry and exit stamps to booklet format travel documents. Depending on the country, a stamp can serve different purposes. For example, in

7540-604: The Immigration Control Act 1951 . During the coronavirus pandemic of 2020 , special permanent residents were allowed the right of return, while other permanent residents were denied permission to enter Japan. A seafarers' identity document (also known as a seaman's identity document or merchant mariner credential) is a travel document issued to individuals authorised to serve as crew members aboard vessels engaged in international voyages. Like an ordinary passport, it contains its holder's personal information and

7670-581: The International Air Transport Association (IATA) in early 2021, is a mobile app designed to standardise the health verification process confirming whether aeroplane passengers have been vaccinated against, or tested negative for, COVID-19 prior to travel. The application is intended to eventually replace the Carte Jaune and to facilitate the verification of vaccination for Yellow Fever and other diseases prescribed by border control policies in various countries. Trials of

7800-593: The Iroquois Nationals lacrosse team has been involved in high-profile disputes over their refusal to travel on Canadian or American passports to international lacrosse competitions , being prevented from attending the 2010 World Lacrosse Championship in the United Kingdom but being permitted to attend the tournament in 2018 in Israel subject to guarantees from the Canadian and American governments that

7930-1004: The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), the WTO , the International Monetary Fund , the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), the World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Bank . The document is written in English and French, two of the six working languages of the United Nations , those two being selected because French was in the recent past

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8060-532: The United Kingdom , an immigration stamp in a passport includes the formal leave to enter granted to a person subject to entry control. In other countries, a stamp activates or acknowledges the continuing leave conferred in the passport bearer's entry clearance . Under the Schengen system , a foreign travel document is stamped with a date stamp which does not indicate any duration of stay, indicating that

8190-763: The United Nations besides the United Nations Laissez-Passer , which is mainly issued to employees of the UN and its specialised agencies. As the status of Kosovo was and remains controversial, the document was not widely accepted and, although America did accept the UNMIK Travel Document, it did not place visa stickers in the document itself, but on a detached sheet. The Chinese Government requires certain Chinese citizens to use

8320-877: The United Nations under the provisions of Article VII of the 1946 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations in its offices in New York and Geneva, as well as by the ILO . The UNLP is issued to UN and ILO staff as well as staff members of international organisations such as the WHO , the IAEA , the World Tourism Organization , the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation Preparatory Commission ,

8450-516: The institutions of the European Union . It is proof of privileges and immunities the holders enjoy. The document is valid in all countries of the European Union as well as in over 100 other countries. In 2006, the European Commission issued or renewed 2,200 laissez-passer, and other agencies may issue the document as well. The Interpol Travel Document is a document similar to the United Nations and European Union laissez-passer and

8580-582: The vice presidential residence again. He had recent problems with the Brazilian Historical Heritage Institute due to the architectural changes he made to the Presidential Palace . In an interview to the Brazilian news magazine Veja he mentioned he could not sleep in the "ample rooms" and questioned the possibility of ghosts. On 28 April 2017, trade unions called for a general strike against

8710-443: The "barren arena of legislative politics". Beginning in 1987 Temer served six consecutive terms in the Chamber of Deputies , and on three separate occasions served two-year terms as president of the Chamber (1997–1998, 1999–2000 and 2009–2010). Temer was also a member of the 1988 constituent assembly , which promulgated the current Constitution of Brazil . He became President of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB),

8840-546: The "curso clássico", composed mainly of subjects in the humanities and languages. In 1959, like his four older brothers he joined the Law School of the University of São Paulo , graduating in 1963. In his freshman year, he became involved with politics by becoming a treasurer of the school's students' union . In 1962, Temer ran for the presidency of the union, but was defeated by 82 votes. Temer stayed neutral before

8970-543: The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees are obliged to issue travel documents to refugees lawfully resident in their territory. Refugee travel documents are passport-like booklets. Their cover bears the words "Travel Document" in English and French (and often in the language of the issuing state), as well as the date of the convention: 28 July 1951. The documents were originally grey, though some countries now issue them in other colours, with two diagonal lines in

9100-552: The 1990s as the Israeli government reacted to a wave of Russian organised crime gangs who immigrated to Israel and began using Israeli passports for their activities. Individuals holding such travel documents may face greater scrutiny by border control officers overseas as well as ineligibility for visa free entry to certain jurisdictions. The Pet Travel Scheme (PETS) is a system which allows animals to travel easily between member countries without undergoing quarantine . A pet passport

9230-537: The Brazilian Constitution, Rousseff's powers were suspended and Temer became acting president. Temer was to serve as acting president for up to 180 days while the Senate decided whether to convict Rousseff and remove her from office, which would make Temer president for the remainder of her term, or to acquit her of crimes of responsibility charges and restore her presidential powers. Temer was awaiting

9360-674: The Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB). Faria said he met with Temer at his law office, and that speaker of the lower house Eduardo Cunha and Congressman Henrique Eduardo Alves were also present. The payment represented a 5% commission on a contract Odebrecht was seeking with the state-run oil company Petrobras, Faria said. Supreme Court Justice Luiz Edson Fachin made this and other testimony public, and ordered an investigation of more than 100 politicians implicated in bribes and kickbacks at state-run companies, particularly Petrobras. On 26 June 2017, Temer

9490-614: The Certificate of Indigenous Status, the document is only issued to American citizens. The document is treated by Canadian and American border controls as equivalent to an enhanced driving licence and may additionally be accepted by Mexican border control for entry up to 20–30 km from the border subject to prevailing permit requirements. Mexican citizens enrolled in the Texas Band of Kickapoo Indians or Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma may enter United States by land or sea using

9620-406: The European Economic Area have been standardised under EU Regulation 2019/1157 . The new standard is intended to replace and harmonise the various identity card models currently in use across the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA). Citizens of Lebanon and Jordan do not require passports when travelling in either country if they are carrying ID cards, while citizens of

9750-629: The Form I-872 American Indian Card, which provides for freedom of movement across the border for the Kickapoo first nation regardless of citizenship. While the indigenous peoples of Hawaii, the American mainland, and most American territories have been granted full American citizenship and the accompanying right to apply for a passport on the same basis as any other American, the native population of American Samoa have not. As specified in 8 U.S.C.   § 1408 ,

9880-884: The Indian consulate in Phuentsholing if they intend to proceed beyond city limits as Phuentsholing, the financial capital of Bhutan, is de facto within India's visa and customs area. When travelling to India, citizens of Nepal and Bhutan can utilise similar documents. Children may use birth certificates as proof of identity. Similarly, many Mercosur countries reciprocally permit travel using identity cards. Permanent residents of Hong Kong and Macau SARs do not require passports when travelling in either region regardless of their citizenship status. Hong Kong residents can enjoy 1 year visa-free access to Macau and Macau residents can enjoy 180 days visa-free access to Hong Kong. But such non-permanent residents of Hong Kong and Macau who possess

10010-491: The Latin proverb " Verba Volant, Scripta Manent " (spoken words fly, written words remain). Temer described the communication as a "personal" unburdening about various complaints against the president. He said Rousseff had made him look like a "decorative" vice president, not an active one, despite having been invited to support her government several times in the dialogue with Congress, a role he only accepted in 2015. The letter

10140-720: The Senate Constitution and Justice Commission approved the bill with the proposal to gather the data of the General Registry (RG), National Driver's License (CNH), Individuals Registry (CPF) and the Electoral Title in a single document. After approval by Congress, the law was sanctioned by former President Michel Temer on May 11, 2017, and published in the Diário Oficial da União the next day. The new Brazilian identity document gathers all of

10270-504: The UNMIK Travel Document, a non-convention travel document, to residents of Kosovo who were not able to obtain a passport from Yugoslavia , for the purpose of foreign travel. After the government of Kosovo started to issue their own passports , the UNMIK ceased issuing them. Existing UNMIC travel documents retained their validity until expiry (the last ones expired in 2010). In light of the disputed nationality status of residents of Kosovo,

10400-425: The UNMIK travel document did not contain information on nationality . The document was labelled UNMIK travel document/titre de voyage on the cover, contained 32 pages, and was valid for 2 years. It contained a machine readable strip. As the issuing authority was the UNMIK, the document had the official three-letter code "UNK" where normally the country code is placed. It was the only other travel document issued by

10530-430: The United States without restrictions, but must apply for citizenship under the same rules as resident aliens. Like resident aliens, they are not presently allowed by any American state to vote in federal or state elections , although, as with resident aliens, there is no constitutional prohibition against their doing so. A laissez-passer ( French pronunciation: [lɛse pase] ; lit.   ' let pass ' )

10660-484: The application are carried out by a number of airlines including Singapore Airlines , Emirates , Qatar Airways , Etihad and Air New Zealand . Due to the prevalence of counterfeit certificates in some places, several countries, including Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Nigeria, have been developing digital certificates to be used in conjunction with and to authenticate an ICVP. As of July 2019, Nigeria requires its citizens to have its digital "e-Yellow Card" for travel outside

10790-605: The balance of Rousseff's second term, which finished on 31 December 2018. The vice-president position then became vacant, with the President of the Chamber of Deputies (at the time Rodrigo Maia ) acting as the first constitutional substitute during his term. On 7 September 2016, he opened the Summer Paralympics at the Maracanã amid massive booing from the spectators. In October 2016, the Constitution of Brazil

10920-500: The bearer may return to the issuing country, and are often issued in booklet form to allow other governments to place visas as well as entry and exit stamps into them. The most common travel document is a passport , which usually gives the bearer more privileges like visa-free access to certain countries. While passports issued by governments are the most common variety of travel document, many states and international organisations issue other varieties of travel documents that allow

11050-412: The bearer's nationality, thus resulting in America not requiring permanent residents to hold a passport from their home country in order to remain lawfully present or to lawfully enter. Singapore issues national identity cards to permanent residents in the same manner as it does to citizens, but additionally requires any permanent resident travelling abroad to hold a valid electronic re-entry permit and

11180-457: The card. An identity card is commonly required for activities including obtaining a driver's license, opening a bank account, buying or selling real estate, financing debts, applying for a job, giving testimony in court, and entering some public buildings. The police may ask to see the identity card of anyone who is detained, arrested, or searched. There is no penalty for not carrying an identity card or another valid identification document, but

11310-458: The case against the scandal-plagued President to the supreme court, which had the power to try him. Observers stated that the move to shield Temer further undermined the credibility of Brazil's political and electoral system. On 21 March 2019, Temer was arrested during the investigation into Operation Car Wash . On March 25, a habeas corpus was issued on behalf of Temer by desembargador Antonio Ivan Athié. On 22 August 2017, Temer issued

11440-421: The construction company listed Temer's name 21 times. The numbers next to his name added up to $ 345,000, which authorities alleged were bribes and which Temer said were legal campaign contributions. The claim was dismissed by the courts, and Temer denied any wrongdoing. Temer has also been accused of electoral fraud; in 2016, he allegedly solicited $ 2.9m in illegal campaign donations in 2014. Part of investigation

11570-553: The country they live in has not signed that convention). These are issued in many jurisdictions across the globe in which significant numbers of residents are stateless. For instance, Singapore permanent residents who are stateless are issued booklet-form Certificates of Identity in lieu of a passport while Indonesia issues the Paspor Orang Asing to its stateless permanent residents. The issue Hong Kong Document of Identity for Visa Purposes and Macau Travel Permit , serve

11700-459: The country. Additionally, Canada requires any Canadian Permanent Residents entering the country by air to use their Permanent Resident Card or a special document authorising their return. No such requirement is imposed on a permanent resident entering by land or sea. Canadian citizens are prohibited from using a foreign passport to enter the country. Japan issues a re-entry permit for individuals holding permanent resident status . This document

11830-758: The country. The card has a QR code that can be scanned to verify its validity. This requirement does not affect travellers from other countries with valid ICVPs, but those arriving in Nigeria who have not been vaccinated for yellow fever may receive the vaccine and the e-Yellow Card upon arrival. Various indigenous nations in the Americas, as well as the Aboriginal Provisional Government in Australia, issue passports to their citizens as an assertion of sovereignty symbolically rejecting

11960-761: The data of the single document shall be the Superior Electoral Court . The pilot project was launched on February 5, 2018. On February 11, 2019, the Secretary of Digital Government of the Ministry of Economy, Luis Felipe Salin Monteiro, announced the use of the CPF as a general number, as a first step for the general implementation of DNI in Brazil. As per the Decree no. 10.977 of 23 February 2022,

12090-443: The date of publication of the Decree no. 10.977, that is, until 28 February 2032, except for people over 60 years old, whose ID cards remain valid indefinitely. Travel document A travel document is an identity document issued by a government or international entity pursuant to international agreements to enable individuals to clear border control measures. Travel documents usually assure other governments that

12220-494: The decision on 6 April 2016, by the president of the Chamber of Deputies , Eduardo Cunha , to form a commission for termination analysis of liability for crime offered by attorney Mariel M. Marra. Four other requests for impeachment were presented to Cunha. Cunha, who was third in line for the presidency behind Temer, faced scrutiny for alleged money laundering uncovered in Operation Car Wash . On 5 May 2016, Cunha

12350-567: The document, indigenous individuals holding American citizenship are instead required to use tribal identity cards or other American-issued WHTI -compliant documents. Under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative , indigenous people holding American citizenship may clear land and sea border controls using machine readable enhanced tribal identity cards, which contain similar features to enhanced driving licences issued by certain states and provinces. Unlike

12480-483: The early 1950s, the Iraqi government granted permission to its 120,000 Jewish citizens to leave ( Operation Ezra and Nehemiah ), conditional on their renouncing their citizenship and leaving behind all their properties and assets. The travel document that was issued was the laissez-passer , since an Iraqi passport was no longer possible. The most common laissez-passer is the United Nations laissez-passer (UNLP) issued by

12610-811: The five members, and are only used for travel between or among those countries. The requirements for eligibility are less rigorous than are the requirements for national passports used for other international travel. The member states of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) do not require passports for their citizens when moving within the community. National ID cards are sufficient. The member states are Benin , Burkina Faso , Cape Verde , Gambia , Ghana , Guinea , Guinea Bissau , Ivory Coast , Liberia , Mali , Niger , Nigeria , Senegal , Sierra Leone , and Togo . Many Central American and South American nationals can travel within their respective regional economic zones, such as Mercosur and

12740-565: The holder to travel internationally to countries that recognise the documents. For example, stateless persons are not normally issued a national passport, but may be able to obtain a refugee travel document or the earlier " Nansen passport " which enables them to travel to countries which recognise the document, and sometimes to return to the issuing country. Border control policies typically require travellers to present valid travel documents in order to ascertain their identity, nationality or permanent residence status, and eligibility to enter

12870-437: The issuing country of their travel documents. A certificate of identity is a travel document issued by a country to non-citizens (also called aliens ) residing within their borders who are stateless persons or otherwise unable to obtain a passport from their state of nationality (generally refugees ). Some states also issue certificates of identity to their own citizens as a form of emergency passport or otherwise in lieu of

13000-481: The language of diplomacy, but was replaced with English when the British Empire decolonized, creating a large network of English language diplomacy economies. The UNLP is a valid travel document, which can be used like a national passport (in connection with travel on official missions only). However, UNLP holders often encounter immigration officials who are unfamiliar with the document and require them to show

13130-638: The large Tibetan exile community and to other stateless residents of India. Certificates of identity are routinely issued upon request of the Dalai Lama's Tibetan government in exile based in Dharamsala . This document is accepted by most countries border control policies in lieu of a passport, although it is not a machine readable document. Tibetans travelling to areas administered by the Republic of China or People's Republic of China may be required to use

13260-603: The largest party in Brazil. Temer was the second Vice President of Lebanese origin, after José Maria Alkmin . His family originates from the town of Btaaboura in Koura District , near Tripoli in northern Lebanon . In 2016, he was accused of having a lobbyist bribe others between 1997 and 2001 in ethanol deals through state-run oil company Petrobras . He was also under investigation for accepting more than $ 1.5 million in funds from construction company Camargo Correa , which works with Petrobras. Spreadsheets from

13390-758: The legitimacy of settler authorities . Notable examples include the Haudenosaunee passport issued by the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee confederacy , the Aboriginal passport in Australia, and various indigenous passports in Latin America such as the Kichwa passport in Ecuador. Indigenous passports are typically not recognised as valid travel documents for border control purposes. In particular,

13520-455: The limit of two consecutive terms. On 30 June 2016, Temer sanctioned law 13303, which became known as Lei das Estatais (" State-owned enterprises law"), which sought to improve governance and control of Brazilian SOEs after the crisis of the Rousseff government, which saw Petrobras lose almost 90% of its market cap . Under the new law, a series of measures were introduced to improve

13650-664: The majority of international travellers clear border controls using passports or national identity cards, a wide variety of travel documents are utilised by individuals in irregular situations, ranging from de jure or de facto stateless individuals to individuals affected by international border disputes, the aftermath of the fall of states such as Yugoslavia or the USSR, or other legal complexities. Such travel documents are typically subject to greater scrutiny by border control authorities, with countries such as Singapore imposing strict controls on stateless individuals and refugees regardless of

13780-599: The number of Bolsa Família beneficiaries decided by the government is the main cause, according to the study. On 17 May 2017, secretly taped recordings leaked by O Globo , a leading national newspaper, reveal the President discussing hush money pay-offs with Joesley Batista , the businessman who runs the country's biggest meat-packing firm JBS , prompting talk of trying again to impeach him. On Wednesday 24 May 2017, while thousands of angry demonstrators marched towards Congress demanding Temer's resignation and immediate direct presidential elections, Temer sought to suppress

13910-676: The organised crime element in Rio de Janeiro, transferring full control of security to the military. The military will reportedly remain in control of security until 1 January 2019. The next day, Temer suggested establishing a Ministry of Public Security in the near future. According to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, extreme poverty increased by 11 per cent in 2017, while inequalities also increased again (the Gini index rose from 0.555 to 0.567). The reduction in

14040-404: The other country. Some individuals are subject to sanctions which deny them entry into particular countries. Travel documents may be requested in other circumstances to confirm identification such as checking into a hotel or when changing money to a local currency. Passports and other travel documents have an expiry date, after which it is no longer recognised, but it is recommended that a passport

14170-538: The passport. A family member not listed as the passport holder could not use the passport for travel without the passport holder. These passports are essentially obsolete as most countries; including all the EU states, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom; require each traveller to have their own passport. Today, passports are typically issued to individual travellers rather than groups. Aside from ordinary passports issued to citizens by national governments, there are

14300-406: The pension and labor reforms proposed in his government, which saw shutdowns of various public services in state capitals and major cities. The government announces the abolition of "popular pharmacies" for the summer of 2017. Created in 2004 under the presidency of Lula , they allowed the most disadvantaged to obtain low-cost medicines. On 16 February 2018, Temer signed a law aimed at tackling

14430-675: The person is deemed to have permission to remain either for three months or for the period shown on his visa if specified otherwise. Member states of the European Union are not permitted to place a stamp in the passport of a person who is not subject to immigration control. Stamping is prohibited because it is an imposition of a control that the person is not subject to. Some travellers "collect" immigration stamps in their travel documents, and will choose to enter or exit countries via different means (for example, land, sea or air) in order to have different categories of stamps. Some countries, such as Liechtenstein , that do not stamp passports may provide

14560-506: The players would be permitted to return home. While indigenous passports are generally not recognised by border control authorities, the Certificate of Indigenous Status issued by the Canadian government to individuals on the Indian Register is accepted by American and Canadian border control authorities for travel by land or sea. In 2018, the Canadian government introduced a Secure Certificate of Indigenous Status that serves as

14690-538: The police are entitled to escort a person found without one to a police station for a search of electronic police records and a criminal background check. Several other documents are acceptable instead of the identity card, including a federative unit-issued driver's license , passport , professional identity card issued by a trade union , military identity card, civil servant identity card or worker's registry. The actual driver's license contains RG and CPF numbers and can substitute both. All documents accepted in lieu of

14820-466: The power to accept or shelve a petition for impeachment. The Federal Police (PF), who were forced by funding restrictions to disband before all investigations into the matter were complete, had recommended that Temer also be charged with obstruction of justice. Torquato Jardim , who was Temer's third Justice Minister in 2017, had unsuccessfully attempted to change the leadership of the PF, and to implement

14950-486: The president. In 2018, Brazilian Supreme Court Justice ordered Temer be included in an ongoing investigation into $ 3.07 million in illicit funds his Brazilian Democratic Party allegedly received from construction firm Odebrecht. According to leaked diplomatic cables , Temer provided information to the U.S. Embassy in Brazil in 2006. Temer is described as gaining the loyalty of lower class Brazilians by strengthening social programs and opposing Lula da Silva. The report has

15080-497: The remainder of her second term. In his first speech in office, Temer called for a government of "national salvation" and asked for the trust of the Brazilian people. He also signaled his intention to overhaul the pension system and labor laws, and to curb public spending. A 2017 poll showed that Temer's administration had 7% popular approval, with 76% of respondents in favor of his resignation. Despite widespread protests, Temer refused to step down. He did not stand for president in

15210-408: The respective seal. The card printed in security paper measures 170x60 mm open and 85x60 mm closed, whereas the card in polycarbonate format measures 85.6x53.98 mm. As of 2017, cards are no longer laminated and laminating new cards is forbidden, as they have machine-readable information printed on the inside. Bearers may protect their IDs by storing them in a small plastic cover that is issued with

15340-475: The status "sensitive but unclassified" with Temer stating that Lula da Silva "might finally begin to heed his friends on the left" and would "be led away from the orthodox macro-economic policies that have dominated his first term". In 2015 and 2016, Temer was involved in controversy as Dilma Rousseff's impeachment process unfolded. In December 2015, Temer sent a letter to the president complaining about his distance from government decisions. The letter began with

15470-646: The transparency of SOEs as well as appointed council members and directors being required to have professional experience in the SOE's field. As acting president, he opened the Summer Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro on 5 August 2016 at the Maracanã Stadium . On 31 August 2016, the Senate voted to convict Rousseff, thereby removing her from office and making Temer President of Brazil. He would serve out

15600-430: The traveller's mode of transport. For instance, whilst America does not subject passengers departing by land or most boats to any border control, it does require that passengers departing by air hold a valid passport (or certain specific passport-replacing documents). Consequently, even though travellers departing America by air might not be required to have a passport to enter a certain country, they will be required to have

15730-422: The upper left corner of the front cover. Non-Convention (or non-National) travel documents are certificates of identity issued by a country to non-citizen (also called alien ) residents who do not have access to passport facilities from their own countries, are not recognised as either Convention refugees, and are not officially stateless under the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (or

15860-596: The use of identity cards issued by Mexican consulates overseas , voter ID cards, and CURP cards by Mexican citizens entering the country, which has the effect of enabling individuals who use the BCC or an American Permanent Resident Card as a standalone travel document when travelling to re-enter Mexico without a passport. Members of the East African Community (composed of Kenya , Tanzania , Uganda , Rwanda and Burundi ) may issue an East African passport . East African passports are recognised by only

15990-474: The validity of passports from nations that are not recognised by their governments. Governments around the world issue a variety of passports for different purposes. The most common variety are ordinary passports issued to individual citizens and other nationals. In the past, certain countries issued collective passports or family passport. Family passports were typically issued to one passport holder, who may travel alone or with other family members included in

16120-516: The worst recession in its history. On 9 June 2017, the Brazilian Superior Electoral Court voted 4–3 to acquit Temer and Rousseff of alleged illegal campaign funding in the 2014 election, thus allowing him to stay in office. Former Odebrecht Vice President Marcio Faria da Silva said in testimony given as part of a plea bargain that Temer asked him at a meeting to arrange a $ 40 million payment to Temer's party,

16250-410: Was amended by deputies to cap public spending, effectively frozen for twenty years, adjusted for inflation only. This measure was the subject of both praise and criticism among the Brazilian middle-class. In November 2016, Marcelo Calero , Temer's former Minister of Culture , resigned, stating that Temer had pressured him to help an ally, government secretary Geddel Vieira Lima , who had invested in

16380-485: Was charged by Prosecutor-General Rodrigo Janot with accepting bribes and Janot delivered the charges to the Supreme Federal Court . The lower house was required to vote on the charges, which stemmed from allegations that he took $ 5 million in return for clearing up JBS tax problems and facilitating a loan. At the time, Temer still had the support of speaker of the lower house Rodrigo Maia , who possessed

16510-425: Was commented on and mocked in Brazilian social media, with images depicting the vice president as a Christmas decoration, making fun of his use of Latin, and photos purporting to show the president laughing as she read the missive, among many other things. The president's office had no immediate comment on the images, but Rousseff condemned him as a traitor to her administration. In April 2016, an audio file of Temer

16640-400: Was leaked to the media. In it, Temer speaks as if the impeachment process had already ended and he was the new president . "I don't want to generate false expectations," Temer said on the recordings, which were first published by Folha de S.Paulo on 23 May. "Let's not think that a possible change in government will solve everything in three or four months." The leak came just hours before

16770-589: Was originally introduced for the benefit of animals entering or returning to the United Kingdom from other European Union countries, since historically the United Kingdom had very strong controls to safeguard against rabies including a compulsory six-month quarantine period on imports of many animals. Over time the scheme has rolled out to other countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Michel Temer Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia ( Brazilian Portuguese: [miˈʃɛw miˈɡɛw eˈli.ɐs ˈtemeʁ luˈli.ɐ] ; born 23 September 1940)

16900-522: Was suspended as speaker of the lower house by Brazil's Supreme Court due to allegations that he attempted to intimidate members of Congress, and obstructed investigations into his alleged receipt of bribes. On 17 May 2016, Justice Marco Aurélio Mello allowed the impeachment request to enter the agenda of the Supreme Federal Court plenary session. In the early hours of 12 May 2016, the Federal Senate voted to accept Rousseff's impeachment. Per

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