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20-503: The ethnonym Reii has been interpreted as meaning 'the free ones', stemming from an earlier * Reiī ( < * Riioi ), itself formed with the Celtic stem * riio - ('free'). According to Xavier Delamarre , the Reii could have been a group of freedmen or, more probably, an autonomous tribe among a group of subjugated peoples. The city of Riez , attested as Alebaece Reiorum Apollinarium in

40-416: A compound word related to origin or usage. A polito-ethnonym indicates that name originated from the political affiliation, like when the polysemic term Austrians is sometimes used more specifically for native, German speaking inhabitants of Austria , who have their own endonyms. A topo-ethnonym refers to the ethnonym derived from a toponym (name of a geographical locality, placename), like when

60-509: A greater evolution; older terms such as colored carried negative connotations and have been replaced by modern-day equivalents such as Black or African American . Other ethnonyms such as Negro have a different status. The term was considered acceptable in its use by activists such as Martin Luther King Jr. in the 1960s, but other activists took a different perspective. In discussing an address in 1960 by Elijah Muhammad , it

80-533: Is a name applied to a given ethnic group . Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (whose name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms, or endonyms (whose name is created and used by the ethnic group itself). For example, the dominant ethnic group of Germany is the Germans. The ethnonym Germans is a Latin -derived exonym used in the English language, but

100-425: Is the study of anthroponyms , the proper names of human beings , both individual and collective. Anthroponymy is a branch of onomastics . Researchers in the field of anthroponymy are called anthroponymists . Since the study of anthroponyms is relevant for several other disciplines within social sciences and humanities , experts from those disciplines engage in anthroponymic studies, including researchers from

120-499: Is widely used in professional literature to discriminate semantics of the terms. In onomastic studies, there are several terms that are related to ethnonyms, like the term ethnotoponym , that designates a specific toponym (placename) that is formed from an ethnonym. Many names of regions and countries are ethnotoponyms . Anthroponymy Anthroponymy (also anthroponymics or anthroponomastics , from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos / 'human', and ὄνομα onoma / 'name')

140-518: The polysemic term Montenegrins , which was originally used for the inhabitants of the geographical area of the Black Mountain ( Montenegro ), acquired an additional ethnonymic use, designating modern ethnic Montenegrins , who have their own distinct endonyms. Classical geographers frequently used topo-ethnonyms (ethnonyms formed from toponyms) as substitute for ethnonyms in general descriptions, or for unknown endonyms. Compound terminology

160-629: The 1st c. AD ( concilium Regense in 439, civitati Regensi in 990–7, Rietz in 1402) is named after the tribe. The Reii dwelled in the valleys of the Colostre  [ fr ] river and its tributaries, and in the lower Verdon valley up to the Durance in the west. They probably also occupied the valleys of the Asse and the Rancure  [ fr ] . The eastern frontier of their territory

180-501: The Advancement of Colored People. In such contexts, ethnonyms are susceptible to the phenomenon of the euphemism treadmill . In English, ethnonyms are generally formulated through suffixation; most ethnonyms for toponyms ending in -a are formed by adding -n : Bulgaria, Bulgarian ; Estonia, Estonian . In English, in many cases, the name for the dominant language of a group is identical to their English-language ethnonym;

200-557: The French speak French, the Germans speak German. This is sometimes erroneously overgeneralized; it may be assumed that people from India speak "Indian", despite there being no language in India which is called by that name. Generally, any group of people may have numerous ethnonyms, associated with the political affiliation with a state or a province, with geographical landmark, with the language, or another distinct feature. Ethnonym may be

220-407: The Germans call themselves Deutsche , an endonym. The German people are identified by a variety of exonyms across Europe, such as Allemands ( French ), tedeschi ( Italian ), tyskar ( Swedish ) and Niemcy ( Polish ). As a sub-field of anthroponymy , the study of ethnonyms is called ethnonymy or ethnonymics. Ethnonyms should not be confused with demonyms , which designate all

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240-644: The fields of anthropology , history , human geography , sociology , prosopography , and genealogy . Anthroponymists follow certain principles, rules and criteria when researching anthroponyms. The methods used for research are divided into two major categories: the collecting of anthroponymic information and the analysis and interpretation of anthroponyms. The collection of anthroponymic information includes: inscriptions, documents, onomastics -tax records, dictionaries, phone books, monographs , and websites, which are used afterward for mapping purposes. The analysis and interpretation of anthroponyms take into account

260-516: The foot of the hill of Saint-Maxime, at the confluence of the Colostre with its tributary the Auvestre  [ fr ] . The city was located near a main route linking Fréjus with Sisteron and other places further north. From the reign of Augustus , it became known as Iulia Augusta Apollinaris Reiorum . Reiorum is a Latin formation based on the name of the tribe. Alebaece was probably

280-636: The name of the pre-Roman hill-fort on St-Maxime, and it has been connected with the ethnonym Albici , the tribe that helped Massalia in her fight against Caesar in 49 BC. The Council of Reii was held in the city in 439 AD. Another important settlement was located at Gréoux-les-Bains , a Roman spa town where was found a dedication to the Nymphae Griselicae made by Annia Fundania Faustina . Ethnonym An ethnonym (from Ancient Greek ἔθνος ( éthnos )  'nation' and ὄνομα ( ónoma )  'name')

300-509: The people of a geographic territory, regardless of ethnic or linguistic divisions within its population. Numerous ethnonyms can apply to the same ethnic or racial group, with various levels of recognition, acceptance and use. The State Library of South Australia contemplated this issue when considering Library of Congress headings for literature pertaining to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people . Some 20 different ethnonyms were considered as potential Library of Congress headings, but it

320-619: The processing of the collection of the information gathered, which consists of linguistic analysis , comparative-historical method, geographical method, and statistical method. Anthroponymy of individual and family names, and their mutual correlations, includes the study of: Anthroponyms of individuals can also be classified according to gender . Names of human males are called andronyms (from Ancient Greek ἀνήρ / man, and ὄνομα / name), while names of human females are called gynonyms (from Ancient Greek γυνή / woman, and ὄνομα / name). Anthroponymy of group and population names includes

340-415: The study of demonyms (names of localized populations), ethnonyms (names of ethnic groups), as well as tribal names and clan names . Anthroponymy is a socio-cultural tool that can be used to find out about an individual's culture . Through the name of a person, their nationality , as well as their history , can be traced. Anthroponyms have both a national and cultural significance as they guarantee

360-482: Was recommended that only a fraction of them be employed for the purposes of cataloguing. Ethnonyms can change in character over time; while originally socially acceptable, they may come to be considered offensive . For instance, the term gypsy has been used to refer to the Romani . Other examples include Vandal , Bushman , Barbarian , and Philistine . The ethnonyms applied to African Americans have demonstrated

380-508: Was stated "to the Muslims, terms like Negro and colored are labels created by white people to negate the past greatness of the black race". Four decades later, a similar difference of opinion remains. In 2006, one commentator suggested that the term Negro is outdated or offensive in many quarters; similarly, the word "colored" still appears in the name of the NAACP , or National Association for

400-751: Was the boundary between the provinces of Narbonensis and Alpes Maritimae . Their territory was located north of the Verucini and Tritolli (themselves north of the Salyes ), south of the Vocontii , east of the Dexivates , and west of the Sentii , Suetrii and Vergunni . According to historian Guy Barruol , they were part of the Saluvian confederation . Their capital was Alebaece (modern Riez ), located at

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