A tidal creek or tidal channel is a narrow inlet or estuary that is affected by the ebb and flow of ocean tides . Thus, it has variable salinity and electrical conductivity over the tidal cycle, and flushes salts from inland soils. Tidal creeks are characterized by slow water velocity, resulting in buildup of fine, organic sediment in wetlands . Creeks may often be a dry to muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but with significant depth of water at high tide. Due to the temporal variability of water quality parameters within the tidally influenced zone, there are unique biota associated with tidal creeks which are often specialised to such zones. Nutrients and organic matter are delivered downstream to habitats normally lacking these, while the creeks also provide access to inland habitat for salt-water organisms.
26-871: Reis Magos is a village located on the northern bank of the Mandovi River in Bardez , Goa , opposite to the capital city of Panjim . The village is famous for two of Goa’s famous structures; the Reis Magos Fort, and the Reis Magos Church – the first church in Bardez. "Reis Magos" is the Portuguese name for the Three Wise Men from the Bible . Predating Fort Aguada by half a century,
52-629: A fortress. It was occupied briefly between 1798-1813 by the British Army . It was subsequently abandoned by the military and served as a prison until 1993. The Fort, originated as an armed outpost of the Adil Shah of Bijapur in 1493. When Bardez was conquered by the Portuguese in 1541, the Fort was built along with the church. From 1900, it lost its defensive role and was used as a jail and
78-578: A little distance from it, flows a spring with abundance of excellent water, while at its base rises the church of the Reis Magos, ascended by a beautiful flight of stairs. This edifice was built on the ruins of a pagoda in 1550 by the Franciscans , with the sum allotted to them by the Government, and bears a crown on its façade, and the royal arms on its sanctuary and other places. The pavement
104-651: A second, smaller fort that crowns the headland jutting into the narrowest stretch of the Mandovi , almost facing the capital city Panjim , is the Reis Magos Fort. This Fort, surrounded by sturdy laterite walls studded with typically Portuguese turrets, was erected in 1551 to protect the narrowest point at the mouth of the Mandovi estuary. It was enlarged subsequently on different occasions and finally re-erected in 1707. The fort formerly accommodated viceroys and other dignitaries newly arrived from, or en route to, Lisbon , and in
130-453: A series of indentations within a wide spectrum of sizes (width, length, and depth) and with at least two levels of inundation. Subtypes are tidal rills, tidal grooves, tidal gullies, that normally do not contain water even during neap low tide, and tidal creeks and tidal channels, that have water permanently. A tidal course creates a system for its ecosystem that circulates water, sediments, organic matter, nutrient, and pollutants. A tidal course
156-811: A total length of 81 kilometres (50 miles)—1 kilometre (0.62 miles) in Maharashtra , 35 kilometres (22 miles) in Karnataka , and 45 kilometres (28 miles) in Goa. It originates from a cluster of 30 springs at Bhimgad in the Western Ghats of Belgavi district in Karnataka state. The river has total 2,032 km catchment area of which 1,580 km , 375 km and 77 km catchment area are in Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra respectively. With its cerulean waters, Dudhsagar Falls and Varapoha Falls , it
182-839: Is also known as the Gomati in a few places. The Mandovi enters Goa from the north via the Sattari Taluka and from Uttara Kannada District of Karnataka near the Castle Rock railway station . The Mandovi flows through Belagavi , Uttara Kannada in Karnataka and Cumbarjua , Divar and Chorão in Goa, eventually pouring into the Arabian Sea . The tributaries of Mandovi or Mhadei include Nerul River , St Inez Creek , Rio de Ourém , Mapusa River , Valvanti River , Udnai River , Dudhsagar River , Ragada River and Kotrachi Nadi . The Cumbarjua Canal , which links both rivers, has made
208-424: Is available in the river. Mahadayi Water Disputes Tribunal under Interstate River Water Disputes Act has been constituted to decide the sharing of the river waters by the riparian states. In August 2018, Mahadayi Water Tribunal verdict permitted Goa to use 24 tmcft (excluding the 9.395 tmcft prevailing uses), Karnataka to use 13.42 tmcft of which 5.5 tmcft is meant for use within the river basin and for diversion to
234-486: Is dotted with inscriptions, the most important of which, found in the sanctuary, indicated the spot enclosing the remains of Dom Luís de Ataíde, Count of Athoughia, who twice held the position of Viceroy of Portuguese India and Goa . This Fort stands on the north bank of the Mandovi at Reis Magos, and is very much visible from the Panjim side of the Mandovi river. It was used as a residence for viceroys and later converted to
260-416: Is essential to the surrounding flora and fauna because they provide protection, nutrients, a place to reproduce, and a habitat for juvenile species before they go into the ocean. Whereas areas of coastline that experience high wave activity are usually characterized by beaches , areas sheltered from wave action may develop tidal wetland systems. In these areas, upland creeks drain towards the shore, draining
286-609: Is now converted into a cultural centre, besides being used a tourist attraction. As of 2001 India census , Reis Magos had a population of 8,698. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Reis Magos has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 73%. In Reis Magos, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mandovi River The Mandovi ( IPA : Konkani pronunciation: [maːɳɖɔwĩː] ) or Mahadayi ( IPA : Kannada pronunciation: [məɦəd̪ɑːji] ), formerly known as
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#1732776473501312-685: The Chesapeake Bay , parts of New England , and southern Florida ). In the tidal section of the River Thames in London, the names of the rivers that flow into it all become Creeks for the lower section that is tidal; thus, for example, the River Lea becomes Bow Creek in its tidal section. In parts of southwest England and Wales , the term "pill" is used, and is found in placenames such as Huntspill . A narrow channel between islands in
338-571: The Florida Keys is known there as a creek. On the India and Pakistan borders, the term also applies to the salt water inlets enclosed by mangroves . Creeks are found dispersed all along the Indian coast. A "tidal course" is the more general term for any elongated indentation or valley in a wetland originated by tidal processes along which water flows pumped by tidal influence. It includes
364-660: The Rio de Goa , is a river described as the lifeline of the Indian state of Goa . The Mandovi and the Zuari are the two principal rivers in the state of Goa. The Mandovi joins the Zuari at a common creek at Cabo Aguada, forming the Mormugao harbour. Panaji , the state capital and Old Goa , the former capital of Goa, are both situated on the left bank of the Mandovi. The river has
390-497: The Malaprabha reservoir, and around 8 tmcft for power generation (including 3.9 tmcft for export outside the basin) and Maharashtra to use 1.33 tmcft for consumptive purposes. The tribunal assessed the water generated in the river catchment area of Karnataka and Maharashtra as 32.11 tmcft and 7.21 tmcft respectively at 75% dependability. The tribunal has apportioned only 40.125 tmcft of Mandovi river water for consumptive uses among
416-472: The early eighteenth century proved a linchpin in the wars against the Hindu Marathas , who were never able to take it. The bastion was used as a prison. Though far inferior in size to the fortress of Mormugao , yet standing on an eminence, it commands a splendid view all around. It is in a good state of preservation and is defended by 33 guns and accommodation for a small garrison. Towards the east, at
442-477: The high part of the coast. At some point they become tidal , technically estuarine . As they come closer to shore, they often become very sinuous, due to the flatness of the land. In addition to draining upland fresh water (in many instances) tidal creeks form by the ebb tide seaward flow and downward incision of the water as it flows from inland to the shore. At high tide and spring tide , large areas are covered with water. This huge volume of water retreats at
468-477: The inhabitants between the isles and the mainland. Spanning across the Mandovi River near Panjim are three parallel Mandovi Bridges . The older bridge collapsed in the 1980s before a new bridge was constructed to accommodate heavy transport vehicles. The Mandovi Bridge links the towns of Panjim to Porvorim . On 14 June 2014, the foundation stone for the third bridge, which is the largest bridge in Goa,
494-481: The interiors of the Mandovi accessible to ships carrying iron ore . Iron ore is Goa's prime mineral and it is mined in the eastern hills. Three large freshwater isles — Divar , Chorão and Vanxim are present in the Mandovi near the town of Old Goa. The island of Chorão is home to the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary , named after the renowned ornithologist Salim Ali . A regular ferry transports
520-418: The land level. Deforestation and other human-development-related processes can destabilize the banks of creeks and increase the amount of sediment in them. This slows the velocity of the water, which means that instead of cutting deeper channels, the water flows gently farther inland in shallow channels. Human development in tidal areas often results in diking , which changes the course of the tidal creeks and
546-432: The sides of the creeks. Such tidal creeks will also be connected in networks: a multitude of smaller creeks called first-order creeks will feed into large ones, creating complex patterns of drainage. Especially in areas prone to compaction or subsidence - like peat wetlands - human use of tidal creek flow can lead to the expansion of the creeks. Natural subsidence is compounded by anthropogenic sediment compaction, lowering
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#1732776473501572-567: The start of the ebb tide in a surge. Later on during the ebb tide, water remains only in the creeks and the current is mainly a river (drainage) current and not tidal. Tidal creeks deposit sediment in a process called accretion , during the flood tide, which can maintain a flat plain by counteracting sea level rise or land subsidence . High tidal flow will maintain channels, while slower flow velocity can lead to closure of tidal creeks as they become clogged with sediment. Well-developed wetlands have sharp-banked tidal creeks, with vegetation stabilizing
598-708: The three riparian states. Karnataka approached the Supreme Court alleging injustice is done in allocation of water to the state. Creek (tidal) A "creek" normally refers to a tidal water channel in British English and in other parts of the Anglosphere . This is the case in many countries in the Commonwealth , such as The Bahamas , as well as some parts of the United States (near
624-665: The winter months, the peak tourist season, special dusk cruises on the Mandovi - complete with serenading bands - add to the charm of the river. The sharing of the waters of this river is a cause of dispute between the governments of Karnataka and Goa. The Karnataka government proposes to divert some water from the Mahadayi river to the Malaprabha River basin as part of the Kalasa-Banduri Nala project , as approximately 188 tmcft of water at 75% dependability
650-541: Was finally abandoned in 1993 after which it was at the mercy of the elements, and had begun to crumble. Restoration work on the fort began in 2008 with the funds being provided by the UK-based Helen Hamlyn Trust, INTACH - a non-governmental organisation dealing with restorations of monuments, and the Government of Goa . Renowned architect Gerard da Cunha was hired to restore the fort. The fort
676-471: Was laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It will span 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) and will be 15 metres (49 feet) higher than the existing bridges and will be spaced in between the two. The 3rd Mandovi bridge is named Atal Setu after former Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The bridge was inaugurated on 27 January 2019 at the hands of Union Roads Minister Nitin Gadkari, Goa CM Manohar Parrikar. During
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