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47-462: Renze consists of 3 towns and 5 townships. Towns: Townships: This Xingtai location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Xingtai Xingtai ( simplified Chinese : 邢 台 ; traditional Chinese : 邢臺 ; pinyin : Xíngtái ; Wade–Giles : Hsing -tʻai ), formerly known as Xingzhou and Shunde , is a prefecture-level city in southern Hebei province, People's Republic of China. It has

94-489: A complete list. In 2007, Handan was the location of China's largest-ever bank robbery . The population at the 2010 census was 941,427 for the 3 urban districts, 2,845,790 for the built up area and 9,174,683 for the entire Prefecture-level city area of 12,068 km (4,659 sq mi). The municipal executive, legislative and judiciary are situated in Congtai District ( 丛台区 , Cóngtái Qū), as well as

141-692: A continental, monsoon -influenced semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSk ). It has hot, humid summers due to the East Asian monsoon, and generally cold, windy, very dry winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone; fall is similar to spring both in temperature and lack of rainfall. In the spring, there are large sandstorms blowing in from the Mongolian steppe, accompanied by rapidly warming, but generally dry, conditions. The annual rainfall, more than half of which falls in July and August alone,

188-521: A growing services sector, with retail, banking and trading making up 40% of the economy. The GDP per capita in Renminbi was estimated at ¥13,449 in 2005. In 2015, the figure was ¥33,554.87 . According to a survey by "Global voices China" in February 2013, Handan was one of China's most polluted cities due to heavy industrial outputs. However the government has made a significant effort to make

235-581: A noble from the state of Yan heard of a particularly elegant manner of walking unique to Handan. Arriving in Handan, he spent weeks trying to master the Handan style of walking on a bridge, only to fail. In the process, however, he had forgotten how to walk normally and had to crawl back to Yan. This story inspired the Chinese expression, "to learn the walk of Handan" ( 邯郸学步 , Hándān xué bù ), which means learning something difficult too intensely, thereby forgetting

282-521: A total area of 12,486 km (4,821 sq mi) and administers 4 districts , 2 county-level cities and 12 counties . At the 2020 census, its population was 7,111,106 inhabitants. It borders Shijiazhuang and Hengshui in the north, Handan in the south, and the provinces of Shandong and Shanxi in the east and west respectively. Xingtai is the oldest city in North China. The history of Xingtai can be traced back 3500 years ago. During

329-669: Is Chinese folk religion , including Taoism and Buddhism . In 2013, there were more than 150,000 Catholics in Handan according to the Catholic Church , in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Yongnian . Mother of Grace Cathedral in Daming County was built in 1918. The most recent church was built in 2007. There are also 300,000 Protestants. The largest Protestant church is on Qianjin Avenue ( 邯郸市西堂 ) and

376-464: Is a transport hub connecting the Eastern , Northern, and Central China . Xingtai is also served by Xingtai Dalian Airport which opened on 18 July 2024. Handan Handan is a prefecture-level city located in the southwest of Hebei province, China. The southernmost prefecture-level city of the province, it borders Xingtai on the north, and the provinces of Shanxi on the west, Henan on

423-451: Is highly variable and not reliable. In the city itself, this amount has averaged to a mere 496.5 mm (19.5 in) per annum. According to a survey made by "Global voices China" in February 2013, 7 cities in Hebei including Xingtai, Shijiazhuang , Baoding , Handan , Langfang , Hengshui and Tangshan , were among China's 10 most polluted cities; Xingtai ranked 1st in the list and had

470-759: Is the most important base for natural resources in North China, producing 20 million metric tonnes of coal annually. It also features the largest power plant in the southern part of this region of China, with an output of 2.06 GW . Located on the Beijing−Guangzhou , the Beijing−Kowloon , the Xingtai-Huanghua and Xingtai-Heshun Railways, as well as the Beijing−Shenzhen , Daqing-Guangzhou, Taihangshan, Xingtai-Hengshui, Qingdao−Yinchuan , and Dongying-Lvliang Expressways and Xingtai Dalian Airport. Xingtai

517-598: The CPC and Public Security bureaux. Handan has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate / semi-arid climate ( Köppen Dwa/BSk ), with strong monsoonal influence, typical of the North China Plain . The normal monthly daily mean temperature ranges from −0.9 °C (30.4 °F) in January to 27.3 °C (81.1 °F) in July, while the annual mean temperature is 14.3 °C (57.7 °F). A majority of

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564-865: The Eighth Route Army ’s 129th Division, also known as the Liu - Deng Army Headquarters, is located in She County , within Handan. Following Japan’s defeat in 1945, Handan was designated a city and served as the seat of the Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu (晋冀鲁豫) Border Region Government. In October 1945, during the Chongqing Negotiations , the National Revolutionary Army advanced north along the railway, passing through Communist-controlled areas. Armed conflict broke out, leading to

611-675: The Handan Campaign . By November, the Communist forces achieved a decisive victory, consolidating the North China Liberated Zone into a unified territory. In 1946, the Chinese Communist Party ’s Central Bureau of the Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu region planned to launch a major official newspaper in Handan. Initially considered names included Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu Daily and Taihang Daily, but Mao Zedong suggested

658-705: The Jin state defeated the Di, and Handan was incorporated into Jin. In 546 BCE, after Wey's restoration, a rebellion forced members of the Wey royal family to flee to Handan for refuge. This event is recorded in The Spring and Autumn Annals (Guliang Commentary). During the Warring States period (5th–3rd centuries BCE), Handan is an important city of the state of Zhao . In 386 BCE, Marquess Jing of Zhao officially relocated

705-612: The Northern Dynasties , spanning a total of 364 years. In 580, the Northern Zhou general Yuchi Jiong , stationed in Ye, launched a rebellion against Yang Jian but was defeated, leading to the destruction of the ancient city of Ye by fire. During the late Sui dynasty , Handan became the center of activities for Dou Jiande 's rebel army in Hebei. Dou Jiande established Guangfu, which is in current Yongnian, Handan , as

752-701: The Shang dynasty , Xingtai functioned as a capital city . During the Zhou dynasty , the State of Xing  – from which the present name derives – was founded in the city. During the Warring States period , the state of Zhao made Xingtai its provisional capital. The city was known as Xindu for most of the Qin dynasty , but after the 207 BC Battle of Julu (within present-day Pingxiang County , not today's Julu County ), it became known as Xiangguo . During

799-749: The Sixteen Kingdoms Period , when the Later Zhao was founded by Shi Le of the Jie , the capital was again at Xiangguo. During the Sui and Tang dynasties , the city was known as Xingzhou . Sui, Tang and Song times saw the zenith of ceramics production in what was the most prolific ceramics center of northern China (rivaling the Yue ware from the South). The white ware and new technologies developed in

846-665: The Warlord Era , Handan became a contested site between the Zhili and Anhui warlords. In 1927, a Communist Party branch was established in Handan, and the region was embroiled in the Central Plains War . By the mid-1940s, Handan had declined to a small commercial town, covering only 1 square kilometer with a population of about 28,000. During the Second Sino-Japanese War , the former headquarters of

893-592: The Xiangtangshan Caves . Handan is served by Handan Airport . Handan has two main train stations: one is Handan railway station which serves for the normal speed train, the other is named Handandong railway station, which serves for the high speed train. According to Handan government in 2007, 40 ethnic groups were present in Handan. Ethnic minorities represent 50,000 people, among which 48,000 Hui. There are 22 Hui schools and 5 Hui junior high schools in Handan. The most widespread religion in Handan

940-629: The Xing kiln mark the transition from proto-porcelain to proper porcelain . More than thirty kiln site have been excavated in different subdivisions of today's Xingtai City and a large high-tech museum have been established in Neiqiu County in 2017. During the Yuan dynasty , Ming , and Qing dynasties , Xingtai was called Shunde ( Shundefu ) and functioned as a prefecture in China. Xingtai has

987-529: The Ming, with the area still called Zhili . Daming Prefecture served as the seat of the Zhili Governor-General, while Handan County remained under Guangping Prefecture, which functioned as the political and economic center of southern Hebei and northern Henan during the Ming and Qing periods. In 1928, Zhili was renamed Hebei Province, and Handan came under direct provincial administration. During

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1034-482: The area suffered from frequent flooding and locust plagues, leaving the population in hardship. In 1368, with the establishment of the Ming dynasty , the Handan area was placed under the jurisdiction of Northern Zhili . It was governed by the prefectures of Guangping and Daming . Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang implemented a resettlement policy, relocating impoverished families from Shanxi to Daming and Guangping, revitalizing

1081-711: The basics in the process. The nearby Xiangtangshan Caves contain massive Buddha statues carved into the mountainside, some dating to the 6th century, many of which were severely damaged by invading Japanese forces during World War II. At that time, Handan was prized by the Japanese invaders for its coal reserves. Many parts of the Buddhist statues are now in museums arouns the world. For example, several parts are currently in Metropolitan Museum of Art , The San Diego Museum of Art , and Penn Museum . See for

1128-429: The capital of State of Zhao , was northern China's political, economic and cultural center, and home to Tai chi and the first compass , made from stones collected in the nearby Mount Ci (magnet mountain). Handan is designated as one of China's National Famous Historical and Cultural Cities . The city's name, Handan (Chinese: 邯 郸 ), has remained unchanged for over 3,000 years. The name first appeared during

1175-591: The capital of the short-lived Xia regime. Under the Tang dynasty , Handan was incorporated into Mingzhou and Cizhou. Meanwhile, Weizhou in the region began to rise in prominence and was later renamed Daming Prefecture, which is the current Daming County in Handan. By 621, Daming had emerged as the central city north of the Yellow River. During the An Lushan rebellion , Ye has been a base for An Qingxu . There

1222-511: The capital to Handan and initiated large-scale construction. It was their second capital, after Zhongmu . It remained the capital for 158 years, until Zhao was conquered by the Qin. King Wuling of Zhao turned Zhao into one of the Qin state's most stalwart foes, pioneering the use of walls to secure new frontiers (which would inspire the eventual construction of the Great Wall of China). The city

1269-528: The city cleaner, which involved closing down many polluting power plants. It is no longer the most polluted city, and, according to a 2016 government survey, the number of good air quality days is 189 days, an increase of 135 days compared with 2013. Handan Prefecture is home to the AAAAA tourist attractions Guangfu Ancient City and the Nüwa Imperial Palace . Handan Prefecture is also home to

1316-712: The city had a population of over one million, with a bustling trade that attracted merchants from as far as the Western Regions . In the late Northern Song period, the Jurchen Jin dynasty invaded the Central Plains . In the Handan region, locals joined Wang Yan’s "Bazijun" guerrilla force in the Taihang Mountains , resisting the Jin for decades until the southern campaign of Wanyan Liang . Due to

1363-664: The current Linzhang County . During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao established his base in Ye, marking the rise of Ye City. After the founding of the Cao Wei state, Ye became the northern capital of Wei, serving as the political center of northern China. The construction of the Wei capital was renowned for its symmetrical design along a central axis, and iconic structures such as the Bronze Bird Terrace . In

1410-519: The discoveries of jade writings in Houma, Shanxi in 1965, where the "Dan" in Handan was spelt " 丹 ", meaning red. This then lead to another explanation that Handan was named so because Mount Han appeared reddish-purple in color. The different spellings of the city's name consolidated into the modern spelling in Qin dynasty . According to the Bamboo Annals , during the late Shang dynasty ,

1457-572: The early morning of March 8, 1966. It was followed by 5 earthquakes above magnitude 6 on the Richter scale that lasted until March 29, 1966. The strongest of these quakes had a magnitude of 7.2 and took place in the southeastern part of Ningjin County on March 22. The earthquake damage included 8,064 dead, 38,000 injured and more than 5 million destroyed houses. Xingtai Economic Development Area and Xingdong New Area belong to Xiangdu District. Xingtai

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1504-583: The founding emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty, raised an army in Hebei, he captured Handan and downgraded it to Handan County, marking the first time the city was demoted from a capital to a county seat. This began Handan's decline. By the late Eastern Han period, Yuan Shao seized control of Hebei and established Ye , which gradually replaced Handan and rose to prominence. Note that Ye is still contained in Handan Prefecture nowadays, located in

1551-539: The kings constructed palaces in the Handan area, with a time span of 3,050 to 3,100 years ago. In the early Western Zhou period, during the reign of King Cheng of Zhou , Handan was part of the Bei state and was inhabited by Wu Geng , the son of the last king of Shang . Later, it came under the control of the state of Wey . In 661 BCE, the Di people conquered Handan and ruled it for over 40 years after destroying Wey. In 588 BCE,

1598-778: The late Western Jin period, northern China fell into chaos during the Upheaval of the Five Barbarians , and Handan was occupied by various non-Han ethnic groups, such as the Xianbei and Jie people , leaving the city in ruins. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Ye City in Linzhang served successively as the capital for Later Zhao , Ran Wei , Former Yan , and later the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi during

1645-410: The late Western Han period, Handan remained one of the five major cities in the country, covering an urban area of 13.6 square kilometers with a population of over 150,000. Its handicrafts, commerce, and iron smelting industries were highly developed. In the late Western Han, a peasant uprising erupted, and Wang Lang launched a rebellion in the Handan area in support of the peasant army. After Liu Xiu ,

1692-511: The many Chinese idioms that the city inspired, such as the road into which Lin Xiangru , courier of the precious Heshibi , backed in order to let his nemesis Lian Po pass first, as well as the location in which Lian Po begged for Lin Xiangru 's forgiveness. Modern-day Congtai Park is located on the site of the historical Zhao court. Next to Congtai Park is the legendary "Xuebu Bridge" ( 学步桥 ), or "Learning to Walk Bridge". Legend has it that

1739-515: The normal annual precipitation of 502 mm (19.8 in) occurs in July and August. Handan has witnessed rapid growth over the past 20 years. Industrial growth in the city has focused on communication and transport activities. Handan is a major producer of coal and steel, with Coal mines at Fengfeng providing power for Handan's iron, steel and textile mills. Chemical and cement plants along with other industries also benefit. Local agriculture produces maize, pomegranates and eggs. Handan also has

1786-530: The prolonged warfare, Handan fell into decline and was eventually submerged by flooding. The ruins of Song-era Handan remain preserved beneath four meters of Yellow River silt. After the Jin dynasty fell to the Mongol Empire , Handan was incorporated into the Mongol realm. During the early Yuan dynasty , it was part of the capital region of Dadu (modern-day Beijing ). However, in the later Yuan period,

1833-719: The region after its decline during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. In the late Ming period, influenced by Li Zicheng , the people of Handan staged uprisings. In 1644, after the Qing army crossed the Great Wall and entered the Central Plains, local resistance, led by Zhang Zhibang, fought against the invaders but was brutally suppressed. Under the Qing, the administrative structure remained similar to that of

1880-442: The reign of King Zhou of Shang , in the chronicle Bamboo Annals . A dictionary from the Tang dynasty explained that "Han" (Chinese: 邯 ) is the name of a nearby mountain ( Hanshan ), and "Dan" (Chinese: 单 ) meant "the terminus of a mountain" with an added radical (Chinese: 阝 ) denoting a city. Together, "Handan" means "the city at the terminus of Mount Han". This explanation has been widely accepted until

1927-483: The south and Shandong on the east. At the 2010 census, its population was 9,174,683 inhabitants whom 2,845,790 lived in the built-up ( or metro ) area made of 5 urban districts. Yongnian District in Handan and Shahe City in Xingtai have largely formed into a single conurbation . Handan is one of the oldest cities in China , first settled around 6500 BC by the Cishan culture . Throughout the city's long history, it contributed significantly to Chinese culture, serving as

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1974-441: The title People's Daily . Although the inaugural issue was printed on May 15, 1946, in Xibaipo , the project originated in Handan, and the publication became known as the “Handan Edition of the People’s Daily (人民日报邯郸版).” On December 22, 1952, Handan was reestablished as a city and became a provincial city in 1954. In 1956, Fengfeng City was merged into Handan, followed by the incorporation of Handan County in 1983. In 1984, Handan

2021-406: The worst air quality. In 2020, the improvement rates of Xingtai's comprehensive air quality index and PM2.5 average concentration ranked first in Hebei Province. The average annual concentration of PM2.5 has successfully withdrawn from the "top ten" in China. A major earthquake, known as the Xingtai earthquake , with magnitude 6.8 on the Richter scale and epicenter in Longyao County occurred in

2068-409: Was again designated a provincial city, and Wu'an (later Wu'an City) was annexed in 1986. Handan maintained a reputation for its fine Cizhou ware well into the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). It was also the birthplace in the 19th century of Yang-style tai chi , one of Tai Chi's five major schools. Though much of Handan's ancient history is no longer visible, it still has some attractions, deriving from

2115-476: Was built in 1997. The oldest church was on Congtai Street and was built in 1920. The church was destroyed in 2009 by the local government. A new church was built in 2011. According to the local government 30,000 Hui Muslims live in the prefecture of Handan. Handan is hailed as the capital of Chinese idioms. As a prosperous city and cultural center during the Warring States period , Handan attracted many scholars. Over 1,500 idioms and proverbs are attributed to

2162-463: Was conquered by the State of Qin after the virtual annexation of Zhao by Qin in 228 BCE, except for the Dai Commandery . The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang , was born in Handan. His father is King Zhuangxiang of Qin , a statesman from the state of Qin, and his mother is Queen Dowager Zhao , who is a Handan native. At the beginning of the Han dynasty , Handan was Liu Bang 's base for suppressing Chen Xi 's rebellion in 197 and 196 BCE. By

2209-445: Was the famous Battle of Ye, after which An Qingxu was killed by Shi Siming . In 923, Li Cunxu ascended the throne in Daming, proclaiming himself emperor and establishing the Later Tang dynasty, known historically as Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang. During the Song dynasty , in response to the Liao invasion, Daming Prefecture was elevated to serve as the auxiliary capital to the main capital (present-day Kaifeng ). At its peak,

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