A rerun or repeat is a rebroadcast of an episode of a radio or television program . The two types of reruns are those that occur during a hiatus and those that occur when a program is syndicated .
90-462: [REDACTED] Look up repeat in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Repeat may refer to: Rerun , a rebroadcast of an episode of a radio or television program Repeated sequence (DNA) , a pattern of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) that occurs in multiple copies throughout the genome CRISPR The smallest rectangle that can be tiled to form
180-600: A taxi dancer in London. In 1948, Ball was cast as Liz Cooper, a wacky wife in My Favorite Husband , a radio comedy for CBS Radio . (At first, the character's name was Liz Cugat; this was changed because of confusion with real-life bandleader Xavier Cugat , who sued. ) My Favorite Husband was successful, and CBS asked Ball to develop it for television. She agreed, but insisted on working with her real-life husband, Arnaz. CBS executives were reluctant, thinking
270-482: A $ 1,000 hand-sewn sequin dress and how to wear a $ 40,000 sable coat as casually as rabbit." Her acting forays were stilled at an early stage when she became ill with rheumatic fever and was unable to work for two years. In 1932, she moved back to New York City to resume her pursuit of an acting career, where she supported herself by again working for Carnegie and as the Chesterfield cigarette girl . Using
360-404: A 1977 album See also [ edit ] Repetition (disambiguation) Repeater (disambiguation) Do while loop , a control statement in computer programing, sometimes called repeat until Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Repeat . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
450-447: A CBS Radio talk show entitled Let's Talk to Lucy in 1964–65. She also made a few more movies including Yours, Mine, and Ours (1968), and the musical Mame (1974), and two more successful long-running sitcoms for CBS: The Lucy Show (1962–68), which costarred Vivian Vance and Gale Gordon, and Here's Lucy (1968–74), which also featured Gordon, as well as Lucy's real-life children, Lucie Arnaz and Desi Arnaz, Jr. She appeared on
540-550: A Communist "or intended to vote the Communist Party ticket" in 1936 at her socialist grandfather's insistence. She stated she "at no time intended to vote as a Communist". Her testimony was forwarded to J. Edgar Hoover in an FBI memorandum: Ball stated she has never been a member of the Communist Party "to her knowledge" ... [She] did not know whether or not any meetings were ever held at her home at 1344 North Ogden Drive; stated ... [that if she had been appointed] as
630-479: A class at an address identified to her as Ball's home according to her testimony given before the United States House of Representatives ' Special House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), on July 22, 1940. Two years later, Vale affirmed this testimony in a sworn deposition: ... within a few days after my third application to join the Communist Party was made, I received a notice to attend
720-594: A comedy set in a duplex apartment in Hollywood. The play premiered in Princeton, New Jersey , on January 21, 1937, with Ball playing the part of Julie Tucker, "one of three roommates coping with neurotic directors, confused executives, and grasping stars, who interfere with the girls' ability to get ahead". The play received good reviews, but problems existed with star Conway Tearle , who was in poor health. Cormack wanted to replace him, but producer Anne Nichols said
810-482: A delegate to the State Central Committee of the Communist Party of California in 1936 it was done without her knowledge or consent; [and stated that she] did not recall signing the document sponsoring EMIL FREED for the Communist Party nomination to the office of member of the assembly for the 57th District ... A review of the subject's file reflects no activity that would warrant her inclusion on
900-450: A distributor that does not hold syndication rights to the program (such as Shout! Factory ) secures the rights for future DVD releases. TV Guide originally used the term "rerun" to designate rebroadcast programs, but abruptly changed to "repeat" between April and May in 1971. Other TV listings services and publications, including local newspapers, often indicated reruns as "(R)"; since the early 2000s, many listing services only provide
990-656: A long period of time without losing its cultural relevance. Game shows , variety shows , Saturday morning cartoons , and to a lesser extent, newsmagazines , tabloid talk shows , and late-night talk shows (often in edited form) have been seen less commonly in reruns; game shows can quickly become dated because of inflation , while talk shows often draw humor from contemporary events. Tabloid talk shows, with episode archives of thousands of episodes, tend to do well in reruns compared to talk shows without an element of conflict. Newsmagazines, especially those that focus on evergreen stories such as true crime , are easily repackaged for
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#17327766197081080-508: A meeting on North Ogden Drive, Hollywood; although it was a typed, unsigned note, merely requesting my presence at the address at 8 o'clock in the evening on a given day, I knew it was the long-awaited notice to attend Communist Party new members' classes ... on arrival at this address I found several others present; an elderly man informed us that we were the guests of the screen actress, Lucille Ball, and showed us various pictures, books, and other objects to establish that fact, and stated she
1170-606: A model. Shortly thereafter, she began her performing career on Broadway using the stage name Diane (or Dianne) Belmont. She later appeared in films in the 1930s and 1940s as a contract player for RKO Radio Pictures , being cast as a chorus girl or in similar roles, with lead roles in B-pictures and supporting roles in A-pictures. During this time, she met Cuban bandleader Desi Arnaz , and they eloped in November 1940. In
1260-506: A new series, Here's Lucy , with Gordon, frequent show guest Mary Jane Croft , and Lucie and Desi Jr.; this program ran until 1974. Ball did not retire from acting completely, and in 1985 she took on a dramatic role in the television film Stone Pillow . The next year, she starred in Life with Lucy , which, unlike her other sitcoms, was not well-received; it was canceled after three months. She did not appear in film or television roles for
1350-555: A notation if an episode is new -"(N)", with reruns getting no notation. Reruns are often carried by Canadian broadcasters in much the same way as they are in the United States, especially on specialty television channels that rely largely on off-network or library rights to programs (and in many cases, may originate little to no first run programming of their own). Reruns of a broadcaster's own library programs are often used to comply with Canadian content regulations enforced by
1440-639: A number of methods still in use in TV production today, such as filming before a live studio audience with more than one camera, and distinct sets , adjacent to each other. During this time, Ball taught a 32-week comedy workshop at the Brandeis-Bardin Institute . She was quoted as saying, "You cannot teach someone comedy; either they have it or they don't." Desilu produced several other popular shows, such as The Untouchables , Star Trek , and Mission: Impossible . Ball sold her shares of
1530-924: A program more than once. Seasonal programming such as How the Grinch Stole Christmas , The Ten Commandments , It's A Wonderful Life , or the Charlie Brown television specials are normally reshown each year, for the appropriate holiday season . A television program goes into syndication when many episodes of the program are sold as a package. Generally, the buyer is either a cable channel or an owner of local television stations. Often, programs are not particularly profitable until they are sold for syndication. Since local television stations often need to sell more commercial airtime than network affiliates , syndicated shows are usually edited to make room for extra commercials. Often, about 100 episodes (four to five seasons' worth) are required for
1620-412: A puritanical Swedish couple who banished all mirrors from the house except one over the bathroom sink. When Lucy was caught admiring herself in it, she was severely chastised for being vain. She later said that this period of time affected her deeply, and it lasted seven or eight years. When Lucy was 12, her stepfather encouraged her to audition for his Shriners organization that needed entertainers for
1710-546: A rights fee. Free ad-supported streaming television (FAST) relies on the barter model for its revenue. With the growing availability of cable and satellite television channels, as well as over-the-air digital subchannels , combined with a growing body of available postsyndication programming, a handful of specialty channels have been built solely or primarily to run former network programming, which otherwise would no longer be in syndication. Branded as "classic television", these often carry reruns of programming dating back to
1800-721: A season similar to the American format. As in the U.S., fewer new episodes are made during the summer. Until recently, the BBC , ITV and Channel 4 commonly repeated classic shows from their archives, but this has more or less dried up in favor of newer (and cheaper) formats such as reality shows, except on the BBC, where older BBC shows, especially sitcoms , including Dad's Army and Fawlty Towers , are frequently repeated. Syndication did not exist as such in United Kingdom until
1890-432: A single episode; "rerun" or "rerunning" is the preferred term for an entire series/season. A "repeat" is a single episode of a series that is broadcast outside its original timeslot on the same channel/network. The episode is usually the "repeat" of the scheduled episode that was broadcast in the original timeslot earlier the previous week. It allows viewers who were not able to watch the show in its timeslot to catch up before
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#17327766197081980-460: A summer resort village on Chautauqua Lake . Their home was at 59 West 8th Street (later renamed to 59 Lucy Lane). Also living in the house were Ball's aunt and uncle, Lola and George Mandicos, and their daughter, Lucy's first cousin Cleo. Having grown up with Lucy, Cleo would later work as a producer on several of Lucy's radio and television programs, and Lucy also introduced Cleo to her second husband,
2070-475: A time slot for a year without rerunning any episode more than once) in the 1970s. Specials typically pad out the remainder of the schedule. Often, if a television special such as Peter Pan or a network television broadcast of a classic film such as The Wizard of Oz is especially well received, it will be rerun from time to time. Before the VCR era, this would be the only opportunity audiences had of seeing
2160-412: A weekly series to be rerun in daily syndication (at least four times a week). Very popular series running more than four seasons may start daily reruns of the first seasons, while production and airings continue of the current season's episodes; until around the early 1980s, shows that aired in syndication while still in production had the reruns aired under an alternate name (or multiple alternate names, as
2250-611: Is "Lucy Is Enceinte", borrowing the French word for pregnant; however, episode titles never appeared on-screen. The episode aired on the evening of January 19, 1953, with 44 million viewers watching Lucy Ricardo welcome little Ricky, while in real life Ball delivered her second child, Desi Jr., that same day in Los Angeles. The birth made the cover of the first issue of TV Guide for the week of April 3–9, 1953. In October 1956, Ball, Arnaz, Vance, and William Frawley all appeared on
2340-452: Is a weekly rerun that is broadcast on a Sunday afternoon on the original channel/network. It only broadcasts the past week's episodes back-to-back. When used to refer to the rebroadcast of a single episode, Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz are generally credited as the inventors of the rerun. It was first used for the American television series I Love Lucy (1951–57) during Ball's pregnancy. Prior to I Love Lucy rerunning its episodes during
2430-616: The Los Angeles Times critic Cecil Smith . Ball loved Celoron Park, a popular amusement area at the time. Its boardwalk had a ramp to the lake that served as a children's slide, the Pier Ballroom, a roller-coaster, a bandstand, and a stage where vaudeville concerts and plays were presented. Four years after Henry Ball's death, DeDe married Edward Peterson. While they looked for work in another city, Peterson's parents cared for Lucy and Fred. Ball's step-grandparents were
2520-628: The Baptist church . Her ancestors were mostly English, but a few were Scottish, French, and Irish. Some were among the earliest settlers in the Thirteen Colonies , including Elder John Crandall of Westerly, Rhode Island , and Edmund Rice , an early emigrant from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony . Her father's Bell Telephone career frequently required the family to move during Lucy's early childhood. The first
2610-473: The CRTC , requiring that a minimum of the broadcaster's programming be dedicated to programming that is produced by Canadians. In the United Kingdom, most drama and comedy series run for shorter seasons – typically six, seven, or thirteen episodes – and are then replaced by others. An exception is soap operas , which are either on all year-round (for example, EastEnders and Coronation Street ), or are on for
2700-625: The Communist Party 's 1936 candidate for the California State Assembly 's 57th District , Ball signed a certificate stating, "I am registered as affiliated with the Communist Party." The same year, the Communist Party of California appointed her to the state's Central Committee , according to records of the Secretary of State of California . In 1937, Hollywood writer Rena Vale , a self-identified Communist, attended
2790-1057: The Dick Cavett show in 1974 and discussed her work on I Love Lucy , and reminisced about her family history, the friends she missed from show business, and how she learned to be happy while married. She also told a story about how she helped discover an underground Japanese radio signal after accidentally picking up the signal on the fillings in her teeth. Ball's close friends in the business included perennial co-star Vivian Vance and film stars Judy Garland , Ann Sothern , and Ginger Rogers , and comedic television performers Jack Benny , Barbara Pepper , Ethel Merman , Mary Wickes , and Mary Jane Croft ; all except Garland appeared at least once on her various series. Former Broadway co-stars Keith Andes and Paula Stewart also appeared at least once on her later sitcoms, as did Joan Blondell , Rich Little , and Ann-Margret . Ball mentored actress and singer Carole Cook , and befriended Barbara Eden , when Eden appeared on an episode of I Love Lucy . Ball
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2880-1386: The Hallmark Channel . Equity Media Holdings had been using low-power television stations to carry its own Retro Television Network in various markets; those stations were, as a result of Equity going bankrupt, sold to religious broadcaster Daystar Television Network . Since the early 2010s, the growth of digital subchannel networks has allowed for increasing specialization of these classic networks: in addition to general-interest program networks such as MeTV , MeTV+ , getTV , Antenna TV and Rewind TV , there exist networks solely for comedies ( Catchy Comedy and Laff ), game shows ( Buzzr ), ethnic-oriented programs ( Bounce TV and TheGrio ), lifestyle and reality programming ( Story Television , TBD , TrueReal , Defy TV , Twist , and Quest ), westerns ( Grit , and Heroes & Icons ), music programming ( Circle ), sports programming ( Stadium and SportsGrid ), sci-fi and action programming ( Comet and Charge! ), true crime and court programming ( True Crime Network , Court TV , Ion Mystery , and Start TV ), news programming ( Newsy ), and feature films ( Movies! , and This TV ). Traditionally, shows most likely to be rerun in this manner are scripted comedies and dramas. Such shows are more likely to be considered evergreen content that can be rerun for
2970-649: The Rodgers and Hart stage hit Too Many Girls . They connected immediately, and eloped on November 30, 1940, two months after the film opened. Although Arnaz was drafted into the Army in 1942, he was classified for limited service due to a knee injury. He stayed in Los Angeles, organizing and performing USO shows for wounded G.I.s brought back from the Pacific. Ball filed for divorce in 1944, obtaining an interlocutory decree; however, she and Arnaz reconciled, precluding
3060-469: The West Coast . These kinescopes, along with previously filmed shows, and later, videotape , paved the way for extensive reruns of syndicated television series. In the United States, currently running shows rerun older episodes from the same season to fill the time slot with the same program during the "off-season" period when no new episodes are being made. Shows tend to start rerunning episodes after
3150-654: The black-and-white television era and are promoted as nostalgia. The corresponding radio format would be that of an oldies , classic rock , classic hits , or adult standards station. Depending on the programs chosen for a classic network, running the format can be very inexpensive, due to many shows beginning to fall into the public domain . On cable and satellite, channels that devote at least some of their program schedule to postsyndication reruns include Nick at Nite , TV Land , TBS , USA Network , WGN America , Logo TV , Pop , Discovery Family , Game Show Network , Boomerang , Nicktoons , INSP , fetv , RFD-TV , and
3240-416: The tango , in the episode "Lucy Does The Tango", evoked the longest recorded studio audience laugh in the history of the show — so long that the sound editor had to cut that section of the soundtrack in half. During the show's production breaks, Lucy and Desi starred together in two feature films: The Long, Long Trailer (1954) and Forever, Darling (1956). After I Love Lucy ended its run in 1957,
3330-574: The 1930s as a contract player for RKO Radio Pictures , including a two-reel comedy short with The Three Stooges ( Three Little Pigskins , 1934) and a movie with the Marx Brothers ( Room Service , 1938). Her first credited role came in Chatterbox in 1936. She also appeared in several Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers RKO musicals: as one of the featured models in Roberta (1935), as
3420-486: The 1940s, but never achieved major stardom there. She was known in Hollywood circles as "Queen of the B's (B-movies)" – a title previously held by Fay Wray and later more closely associated with Ida Lupino and Marie Windsor – starring in a number of B-movies , such as Five Came Back (1939). In 1942, Ball starred opposite Henry Fonda in The Big Street . MGM producer Arthur Freed purchased
3510-906: The 1950s, Ball ventured into television, where she and Arnaz created the sitcom I Love Lucy . She gave birth to their first child, Lucie , in 1951, followed by Desi Arnaz Jr. in 1953. They divorced in March 1960, and she married comedian Gary Morton in 1961. Ball produced and starred in the Broadway musical Wildcat from 1960 to 1961. In 1962, she became the first woman to run a major television studio, Desilu Productions , which produced many popular television series, including Mission: Impossible and Star Trek . After Wildcat , she reunited with I Love Lucy co-star Vivian Vance for The Lucy Show , which Vance left in 1965. The show continued, with Ball's longtime friend and series regular Gale Gordon , until 1968. Ball immediately began appearing in
3600-442: The 1980s and beyond, it is still expensive to repeat archive television series on British terrestrial television , as new contracts have to be drawn up and payments made to the artists concerned. Repeats on multichannel television are cheaper, as are reshowings of newer programs covered by less strict repeat clauses. However, programs are no longer destroyed, as the historical and cultural reasons for keeping them have now been seen and
3690-510: The 1990s made preservation far more economical) and the Copyright Act of 1976 extended copyright terms to much longer lengths, eliminating the need for renewal. Once a series is no longer performing well enough to be sold in syndication, it may still remain in barter syndication, in which television stations are offered the program for free in exchange for a requirement to air additional advertisements (without compensation) bundled with
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3780-477: The Best Sitcoms ever. In 2019, the series was ranked 6th on The Guardian ' s list of the 100 best TV shows of the 21st century. Early on in the history of British television, agreements with the actors' union Equity and other trade bodies limited the number of times a single program could be broadcast, usually only twice, and these showings were limited to within a set time period such as five years. This
3870-528: The Broadway hit musical play Du Barry Was a Lady (1943) especially for Ann Sothern , but when she turned down the part, that role went to Ball, Sothern's real-life best friend. In 1943, Ball portrayed herself in Best Foot Forward . In 1946, Ball starred in Lover Come Back and the film noir The Dark Corner . In 1947, she appeared in the murder mystery Lured as Sandra Carpenter,
3960-420: The November sweeps period (the ratings that determine the cost of a commercial run during that time slot), and usually show only reruns from mid-December until mid-January or even February sweeps . This winter (or "mid-season") phase is also used to try out new shows that did not make it onto the fall schedule to see how they fare with the public. These series usually run six to 13 episodes. If they do well with
4050-511: The Security Index. Immediately before the filming of episode 68 ("The Girls Go Into Business") of I Love Lucy , Desi Arnaz, instead of his usual audience warm-up, told the audience about Lucy and her grandfather. Reusing the line he had first given to Hedda Hopper in an interview, he quipped: The only thing red about Lucy is her hair, and even that is not legitimate. In 1940, Ball met Cuban-born bandleader Desi Arnaz while filming
4140-593: The UK (for example, Gold ) repackage and rebroadcast "classic" programming from both sides of the Atlantic. Some of these channels, like their U.S. counterparts, make commercial timing cuts; others get around this by running shows in longer time slots, and critics of timing cuts see no reason why all channels should not do the same. It has been common practice by networks, notably the BBC, to rerun some series after they have not fared particularly well on their original run. This
4230-515: The arrival of satellite , cable, and later, from 1998 on, digital television, although many ITV programs up to the early 1990s, particularly imported programming, were syndicated in the sense that each ITV region bought some programs independently of the ITV Network, and in particular many programs out of primetime made by smaller ITV stations were "part-networked" where some regions would show them and others would not. Nowadays, many channels in
4320-471: The chorus line of its next show. While Ball was onstage, she realized that performing was a great way to gain praise. In 1927, her family was forced to move to a small apartment in Jamestown after their house and furnishings were sold to settle a legal judgment . In 1925, Ball, then only 14, started dating Johnny DeVita, a 21-year-old local hoodlum. Her mother was unhappy with the relationship, and hoped
4410-444: The copyright expired; many shows did not even have their copyrights renewed and others were systematically destroyed , such was the lack of awareness of the potential for revenue from them. This situation went unchanged until the mid-1970s, when contracts for new shows extended residual payments for the performers, regardless of the number of reruns, while tape recycling effectively came to an end (rapid advancements in digital video in
4500-457: The cost to maintain archives is now far less, even if the programs have little or no repeat value. Lucille Ball Lucille Désirée Ball (August 6, 1911 – April 26, 1989) was an American actress, comedian, producer, and studio executive. She was recognized by Time in 2020 as one of the most influential women of the 20th century for her work in all four of these areas. She was nominated for 13 Primetime Emmy Awards , winning five, and
4590-438: The couple offered to take a pay cut to finance filming on better-quality 35 mm film, on the condition that Desilu would retain the rights of each episode once it aired. CBS agreed to relinquish the post-first-broadcast rights to Desilu, not realizing they were giving up a valuable and enduring asset. In 1957, CBS bought back the rights for $ 1,000,000 ($ 10.8 million in today's terms), financing Ball and Arnaz's down payment for
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#17327766197084680-425: The entry of a final decree. On July 17, 1951, less than three weeks prior to her 40th birthday, Ball gave birth to daughter Lucie Désirée Arnaz . A year and a half later, she gave birth to Desiderio Alberto Arnaz IV , known as Desi Arnaz, Jr. Before he was born, I Love Lucy was a solid ratings hit, and Ball and Arnaz wrote the pregnancy into the show. Ball's necessary and planned caesarean section in real life
4770-562: The fault lay with the character and insisted the part needed to be rewritten. Unable to agree on a solution, the play closed after one week in Washington, D.C., when Tearle became gravely ill. Like many budding actresses, Ball picked up radio work to supplement her income and gain exposure. In 1937, she appeared regularly on The Phil Baker Show . When its run ended in 1938, Ball joined the cast of The Wonder Show starring Jack Haley . There began her 50-year professional relationship with
4860-553: The first run as people who had missed the first airing a month prior tuned in to catch the reairing. In the United States , most television shows from the late 1940s and early 1950s were performed live, and in many cases, they were never recorded. However, television networks in the United States began making kinescope recordings of shows broadcast live from the East Coast . This allowed the show to be broadcast later for
4950-588: The flower shop clerk in Top Hat (1935), and in a brief supporting role at the beginning of Follow the Fleet (1936). Ball played a larger part as an aspiring actress alongside Ginger Rogers, who was a distant maternal cousin, and Katharine Hepburn in the film Stage Door (1937). In 1936, she landed the role she hoped would lead her to Broadway, in the Bartlett Cormack play Hey Diddle Diddle ,
5040-522: The free program during other shows (barter syndication is far more common, if not the norm, in radio, where only the most popular programs charge rights fees). The Program Exchange was once the most prominent barter syndicator in United States television, offering mostly older series from numerous network libraries. Barter syndicated series may be seen on smaller, independent stations with small budgets or as short-term filler on larger stations; they tend not to be as widely syndicated as programs syndicated with
5130-406: The late 1990s primarily due to lack of demand, which had only a DVD set of the first and second seasons released due to the expensiveness of relicensing songs used in later seasons of the series that are performed by the show's two lead characters . In some cases, series whose later season releases have been held up for these reasons may have the remaining seasons made available on DVD, often after
5220-474: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Repeat&oldid=1181649459 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Rerun In the United Kingdom , the word "repeat" refers only to
5310-441: The main cast continued to appear in occasional hour-long specials under the title The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour until 1960. Along the way, Ball created a television dynasty and achieved several firsts. She was the first woman to head a TV production company, Desilu, which she had formed with Arnaz. After their divorce in 1960, she bought out his share and became a very actively engaged studio head. Desilu and I Love Lucy pioneered
5400-575: The name Diane (sometimes spelled Dianne) Belmont, she started getting chorus work on Broadway, but it did not last. Ball was hired — but then quickly fired — by theater impresario Earl Carroll from his Vanities , and by Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. from a touring company of Rio Rita . After an uncredited stint as a Goldwyn Girl in Roman Scandals (1933), starring Eddie Cantor and Gloria Stuart , Ball moved permanently to Hollywood to appear in films. She had many small movie roles in
5490-464: The next episode is broadcast. The term "rerun" can also be used in some respects as a synonym for " reprint ", the equivalent term for print items; this is especially true for print items that are part of ongoing series such as comic strips . ( Peanuts , for instance, has been in reruns since the retirement and death of creator Charles M. Schulz ). In South Africa , reruns of the daily soap opera 7de Laan and others are called an omnibus. The omnibus
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#17327766197085580-442: The prior season between the end of that season and the beginning of the next. Some television programs that are released on DVD (particularly those that have been out of production for several years) may not have all of the seasons released, either due to poor overall sales or prohibitive costs for obtaining rights to music used in the program; one such incidence is Perfect Strangers , which has seldom been in wide syndication since
5670-475: The public would not accept an Anglo-American redhead and a Cuban as a couple. CBS was initially unimpressed with the pilot episode, produced by the couple's Desilu Productions company. The pair went on the road with a vaudeville act, in which Lucy played the zany housewife, who wants to get into a Cuban band leader's (Arnaz's) show. The tour was a hit, and CBS put I Love Lucy into their lineup. I Love Lucy ran on CBS from October 15, 1951, to May 6, 1957, and
5760-407: The public, they may get a renewal for a half (13 weeks) or full season in the new schedule. Shows that are already popular return from February sweeps until the end of the season (which sometimes ends before May sweeps) with only limited reruns used. The number of episodes per season, originally well over 30 episodes during the 1950s and 1960s, dropped below 26 (the number of episodes required to fill
5850-586: The purchase of the former RKO Pictures studios, which they turned into Desilu Studios. I Love Lucy dominated U.S. ratings for most of its run. An attempt was made to adapt the show for radio using the "Breaking the Lease" episode (in which the Ricardos and Mertzes argue, and the Ricardos threaten to move, but find themselves stuck in a firm lease) as the pilot. The resulting radio audition disc has survived, but never aired. A scene in which Lucy and Ricky practice
5940-622: The rest of her career and died in 1989 from an abdominal aortic aneurysm and arteriosclerotic heart disease at the age of 77. After her death, the American Comedy Awards were officially dubbed "The Lucy" after her. Lucille Désirée Ball was born on Sunday, August 6, 1911, at 69 Stewart Avenue in Jamestown, New York , the first child and only daughter of Henry Durrell "Had" Ball, a lineman for Bell Telephone , and Désirée Evelyn "DeDe" (née Hunt) Ball. Her family belonged to
6030-639: The romance, which she was unable to influence, would burn out. After about a year, her mother tried to separate them by exploiting Ball's desire to be in show business. Despite the family's meager finances, in 1926, she enrolled Ball in the John Murray Anderson School for the Dramatic Arts, in New York City, where Bette Davis was a fellow student. Ball later said about that time in her life, "All I learned in drama school
6120-474: The same issues reality shows face, have found a niche on multichannel television and free ad-supported streaming television. With the rise of the DVD video format, box sets featuring season or series runs of television series have become an increasingly important retail item. Some view this development as a rising new idea in the industry of reruns as an increasingly major revenue source in themselves instead of
6210-457: The show's announcer, Gale Gordon . The Wonder Show lasted one season, with the final episode airing on April 7, 1939. In 1940, Ball starred in Dance, Girl, Dance and appeared as the lead in the musical Too Many Girls , where she met and fell in love with Cuban band leader Desi Arnaz , who played one of her character's four bodyguards in the movie. Ball signed with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in
6300-545: The show. In 1983, Lucille Ball and Gary Morton partnered to set up a film and television production house at 20th Century Fox that encompassed film and television productions as well as plans to produce plays. Ball starred in a 1985 dramatic made-for-TV film about an elderly homeless woman, Stone Pillow , which received mixed reviews, but had strong viewership. Her 1986 sitcom comeback Life with Lucy , costarring her longtime foil Gale Gordon and co-produced by Ball, Gary Morton, and prolific producer Aaron Spelling ,
6390-401: The standard business model as a draw for audiences for advertising. While there were videotape releases of television series before DVD, the format's limited content capacity, large size and reliance on mechanical winding made it impractical as a widespread retail item. Many series which continue to air first-run episodes (such as Modern Family and Grey's Anatomy ) may release DVD sets of
6480-480: The studio to Gulf+Western in 1967 for $ 17,000,000 ($ 155 million in today's dollars), and it was renamed Paramount Television . The 1960 Broadway musical Wildcat ended its run early when producer and star Ball could not recover from a virus and continue the show after several weeks of returned ticket sales. The show was the source of the song she made famous, "Hey, Look Me Over", which she performed with Paula Stewart on The Ed Sullivan Show . Ball hosted
6570-442: The summer, shows typically went on a summer hiatus and were replaced with summer replacements, generally lower-priority programs; this strategy has seen increased use in the 21st century as fewer episodes have been produced each season and in-season reruns have increased. Rod Serling 's 1955 teleplay Patterns was credited with proving reruns' viability. Buoyed by strong word of mouth , the rerun of Patterns drew more viewers than
6660-574: The syndication market, which (along with much lower residuals compared to a scripted series with star talent) can also make them cheaper than a first-run program or scripted reruns. Most variants of reality television have proven to be a comparative failure in reruns, due to a number of factors (high cast turnover, loss of the element of surprise, overall hostility toward the format , and lack of media cross-promotion among them); some self-contained and personality-driven reality shows have been successfully rerun. Reruns of sports broadcasts, which face many of
6750-427: The whole pattern of a wallpaper Music [ edit ] "Repeat" (song) , a 2011 song by David Guetta "Repeat", a 2021 song by Luke Hemmings from When Facing The Things We Turn Away From Repeat sign , in sheet music, notation that a section should be repeated Repeat Records , a British independent record label Repeat , a 1993 EP by This Heat Repeat – The Best of Jethro Tull – Vol II ,
6840-432: The younger performer reciprocated by appearing on The Lucy Show . Ball was rumored to have offered Burnett a chance to star on her own sitcom, but in truth, Burnett was offered (and declined) Here's Agnes by CBS executives. She instead chose to create her own variety show due to a stipulation that was on an existing contract she had with CBS. The two women remained close friends until Ball's death on April 26, 1989, which
6930-451: Was Carol's birthday. Ball sent flowers every year on Burnett's birthday. Aside from her acting career, Ball became an assistant professor at California State University, Northridge in 1979. During the 1980s, Ball attempted to resurrect her television career. In 1982, she hosted a two-part Three's Company retrospective , showing clips from the show's first five seasons, summarizing memorable plotlines, and commenting on her love of
7020-572: Was aired as part of an agreement. Ball was the lead actress in a number of comedy television specials to about 1980, including Lucy Calls the President , which featured Vivian Vance, Gale Gordon, and Mary Jane Croft, and Lucy Moves to NBC , a special depicting a fictionalization of her move to the NBC television network. In 1959, Ball became a friend and mentor to Carol Burnett . She guested on Burnett's highly successful CBS-TV special Carol + 2 and
7110-636: Was canceled less than two months into its run by ABC . In February 1988, Ball was named the Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year. In May 1988, Ball was hospitalized after suffering a mild heart attack. Her last public appearance, just one month before her death, was at the 1989 Academy Awards telecast, in which she and fellow presenter Bob Hope received a standing ovation. When Ball registered to vote in 1936, she listed her party affiliation as Communist, as did her brother and mother. To sponsor
7200-403: Was due to the unions' fear that the channels filling their schedules with repeats could put actors and other production staff out of work as fewer new shows would be made. It also had the unintentional side effect of causing many programs to be junked after their repeat rights had expired, as they were considered to be of no further use by the broadcasters. Although these agreements changed during
7290-666: Was glad to loan her home for a Communist Party new members' class; ... In a 1944 Pathé News newsreel titled "Fund Raising for Roosevelt", Ball was featured prominently among several stage and film stars at events in support of President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's fundraising campaign for the March of Dimes . She stated that in the 1952 United States presidential election , she voted for Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower . On September 4, 1953, Ball met voluntarily with HUAC investigator William A. Wheeler in Hollywood and gave him sealed testimony. She stated that she had registered to vote as
7380-516: Was how to be frightened." Ball's instructors felt she would not be successful in the entertainment business, and were unafraid to directly state this to her. In the face of this harsh criticism, Ball was determined to prove her teachers wrong and returned to New York City in 1928. That same year, she began working for Hattie Carnegie as an in-house model. Carnegie ordered Ball to bleach her brown hair blond, and she complied. Of this time in her life, Ball said: "Hattie taught me how to slouch properly in
7470-424: Was not only a star vehicle for Lucille Ball, but also a potential means for her to salvage her marriage to Arnaz. Their relationship had become badly strained, in part because of their hectic performing schedules, which often kept them apart, but mostly due to Desi's attraction to other women. For the production of I Love Lucy , Ball and Arnaz wanted to remain in their Los Angeles home, but prime time in Los Angeles
7560-576: Was originally considered by Frank Sinatra for the role of Mrs. Iselin in the Cold War thriller The Manchurian Candidate . Director/producer John Frankenheimer , however, had worked with Angela Lansbury in a mother role in All Fall Down , and insisted on having her for the part. In 1979, she had signed a deal with NBC under Fred Silverman 's watch after 28 years of working with CBS in order to deal with new comedy specials, but only one
7650-413: Was particularly common with sitcoms such as The Office , which had very low ratings in its first series, as well as a poor reception from both critics and focus groups and was almost cancelled. The series started to gain traction once the BBC decided to repeat it in a different timeslot and The Office went on to be an award-winning and critically acclaimed show which has regularly featured in lists of
7740-466: Was scheduled for the same date that her television character gave birth. CBS insisted that a pregnant woman could not be shown on television, nor could the word "pregnant" be spoken on-air. After approval from several religious figures, the network allowed the pregnancy story line, but insisted that the word "expecting" be used instead of "pregnant". (Arnaz garnered laughs when he deliberately mispronounced it as "spectin ' ".) The episode's official title
7830-399: Was the case with Death Valley Days ) to differentiate the reruns from the first-run episodes. Few people anticipated the long life that a popular television series would eventually have in syndication, so most performers signed contracts that limited residual payments to about six repeats. After that, the actors received nothing and the production company would keep 100% of any income until
7920-857: Was the recipient of several other accolades, such as the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award and two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . She earned many honors, including the Women in Film Crystal Award , an induction into the Television Hall of Fame , a Kennedy Center Honor , and the Governors Award from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences . Ball's career began in 1929 when she landed work as
8010-659: Was to Anaconda, Montana , and later to Trenton, New Jersey . On February 28, 1915, while living in Wyandotte, Michigan , Lucy's father died of typhoid fever aged 27, when Lucy was only three years old. At that time, DeDe was pregnant with her second child, Fred Ball (1915–2007). Lucille recalled little from the day her father died, except a bird getting trapped in the house, which caused her lifelong ornithophobia . Ball's mother returned to New York, where maternal grandparents helped raise Lucy and her brother Fred in Celoron ,
8100-499: Was too late to air a major network series live on the East Coast; broadcasting live from California would have meant giving most of the TV audience an inferior kinescope picture, delayed by at least a day. Sponsor Philip Morris pressured the couple into relocating, not wanting day-old kinescopes airing in major East Coast markets, nor did they want to pay the extra cost that filming, processing, and editing would require. Instead,
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