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28-612: The name "Democratic Party" was never the official name of the party, as the Portuguese Republican Party never ceased to exist. However, the party was de facto different and thus the other parties (that belonged to the PRP before 1910) used the new expression to assert their opposition to the claim of continuation of the PRP by Afonso Costa , the first leader of the Democratic Party. Other names were given to

56-554: A coalition government with the Evolutionist Party called " Sacred Union ", to face the problems of the war. Following the war, discontent grew and the union was eventually dissolved. Sidónio took advantage of this and established a dictatorial government of his National Republican Party . Sidónio Pais was assassinated 14 December 1918. By 1919 the Democratic Party was again in power. After 1919, with Afonso Costa in Paris,

84-513: A foundling at the baby hatch of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia (Holy House of Mercy) of the town of Seia in north-central Portugal . By way of explanation: "The Santa Casa da Misericórdia was founded [in Lisbon] in 1582, by Jose de Anchieta, a Jesuit. It is opened to the poor of every nation and religion, and affords a refuge to foundlings and orphans. The foundlings are deposited in

112-471: A number of other occasions during the First Republic, Costa received invitations to head the government again but he always refused. After the 28 May coup d'état , he strongly opposed the military dictatorship ; he equally opposed the right-wing civilian Catholic Estado Novo (New State) administration led from 1932 by Dr. Salazar . He died in Paris on 11 May 1937. Costa was given up at birth as

140-661: A prominent position over the others. Since the 1820 Liberal Revolution of Porto , liberalism and parliamentarism were installed in the country. In the first liberal period, there were three to six secretaries of state with equal position in the hierarchy, but with the Secretary the Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (usually known by Minister of the Kingdom) continuing to occupy a prominent position. Occasionally there

168-419: A revolving wheel, which is placed perpendicularly in the wall. The wheel is divided into four apartments, one of which opens without. The heartless mother who wishes to part with her infant child, has only to deposit it in the box, and a revolution of the wheel passes it within the walls, never more to be reclaimed." Together with his older brother and sister, he was registered as a son of unknown parents with

196-657: Is not the same as the numbering of prime ministers since the Constitution because, whenever elections for a new parliament take place, a new constitutional government is installed, even if the prime minister remains the same; however, there is also a change of constitutional government when the prime minister is replaced, even if in mid-parliament. So, because some prime ministers managed to remain in office after fresh elections (thus serving as prime ministers under more than one parliament), there are more constitutional governments than there are prime ministers. The colors indicate

224-594: The Carnation Revolution came the prime minister, which replaced the president of the council. The official numbering of the prime ministers starts with the first president of the Council of Ministers of the constitutional monarchy. A second column is added after the establishment of the Republic, numbering the prime ministers from there to the present day. Another column is added for the numbering inside

252-616: The Mayor of the Palace ( Portuguese Mordomo-Mor ), on the Chancellor ( Chanceler-Mor ), on the King's Private Secretary ( Escrivão da Puridade ) and on the Secretary of State ( Secretário de Estado ). In 1736, three offices of secretary of state were created, with the Secretary of State of the Internal Affairs of the Kingdom ( Secretário de Estado dos Negócios Interiores do Reino ) occupying

280-463: The First Republic, the Democratic Party, led by Afonso Costa , managed to hold power despite suffering several revolutionary attempts, both monarchist and republican . Although some of the coups partially succeeded ( Monarchy of the North , Pimenta de Castro , Sidónio Pais ) the Democratic Party always managed to retain power. During World War I , in which Portugal participated , the party entered

308-699: The Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : primeiro-ministro da República Portuguesa ) is the head of the Government of Portugal . The officeholder coordinates the actions of all ministers, represents the Government as a whole, reports their actions and is accountable to the Assembly of the Republic , in addition to keeping the president of the Republic informed. There is no limit to the number of mandates as prime minister. They are appointed by

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336-516: The controversial laws which expelled the Jesuits from Portugal, abolished all the religious orders and established the separation of church and state. These things made him a symbol of the anticlericalism of the First Republic. Also, he was instrumental in the passage of many progressive laws, such as those concerning divorce, family relations, civil registry of marriage, leases of property, judicial reorganization, industrial accidents and censorship of

364-530: The council were clearly the heads of government of the kingdom, holding the executive power that absolute monarchs had, but were restricted by the controlling power of the National Congress. With the advent of the Republic in the 5 October 1910 revolution , the head of government was renamed President of the Ministry ( Presidente do Ministério ). During this period the heads of government were under

392-413: The daughter of Albano Mendes de Abreu, a medical doctor , and his wife, Emília de Barros Coelho de Campos. She was the sister of the writer, José de Barros Mendes de Abreu, who was born at Oleiros , Vilar Barroco, 20 July 1878. Costa's wife is an ancestor of the modern-day actresses, Sofia Sá da Bandeira and Catarina Wallenstein . List of Prime Ministers of Portugal The prime minister of

420-876: The end of the war, Costa led the Portuguese delegation to the Paris Peace Conference from 12 March 1919 and he signed the Treaty of Versailles of 28 June 1919 on behalf of Portugal. He was the Portuguese representative at the first assembly of the League of Nations . On 10 July 1919 he was awarded the Grand Cross of the Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword, of Valour, Loyalty and Merit . On

448-592: The members of the Democratic Party, like the Afonsists, named after Afonso Costa . When the Evolutionists and Unionists seceded from the Portuguese Republican Party in February 1912, the Democratic Party declared itself the latter party's heir. It soon controlled its electoral and propagandistic structure, a fact that would influence the dominance of the Democratic Party during the First Republic. During

476-514: The name Afonso Maria de Ligório. Ten years later, his parents, Sebastião Fernandes da Costa and Ana Augusta Pereira, recognized him and his brother and sister. They married and readopted the children. Costa re-assumed his birth name in order to conceal the circumstances of his birth. He was married in Coimbra on 15 September 1892 to Alzira Coelho de Campos de Barros de Abreu (born at Oliveira do Hospital , 20 April 1876; died at Lisbon , 1970),

504-412: The palace during their full mandate. The origins of present office of prime minister of Portugal fall back to the beginning of the Portuguese monarchy in the 12th century. Typically, a senior official of the king of Portugal prevailed over the others, ensuring the coordination of the administration of the kingdom as a kind of prime minister. Throughout history, the prominent position fell successively on

532-495: The party dominated all political life between 1911 and 1926, that Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa described it as a " multi-party system with a dominant party " and historian Fernando Rosas called it a "political monopoly" and a "democratic dictatorship". Afonso Costa Afonso Augusto da Costa , GCTE , GCL ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈfõsu ˈkɔʃtɐ] ; born in Seia , 6 March 1871; died in Paris, 11 May 1937)

560-614: The party was led by António Maria da Silva . In the next phase of the party's existence, political, popular and syndicalist opposition created a climate of constant revolt. Groups also seceded from the party, with the creation of the Democratic Leftwing Republican Party and the Reformist Party , both on the Left. The identification of the First Republic with the Democratic Party was so close, as

588-517: The president of the Republic, after the legislative elections and after an audience with every leader of a party represented at the Assembly. It is usual for the leader of the party which receives a plurality of votes in the elections to be named prime minister. The official residence of the prime minister is a mansion next to São Bento Palace , which, in confusion, is also often called "São Bento Palace", although many prime ministers did not live in

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616-555: The press. He served as Prime Minister of Portugal three times. The first time, he was called by President Manuel de Arriaga to form a government, as the leader of the Republican Democratic Party . This term of office (which he combined with the role of Finance Minister) lasted from 9 January 1913 to 9 February 1914. He returned to power, as Prime Minister and Finance Minister, from 29 November 1915 to 16 March 1916. Following more political instability Costa

644-559: The provisional governments that existed during the period immediately following the Carnation Revolution of 1974 from the prime ministers that assumed office after the entry into force of Portugal's current democratic Constitution adopted 1976. At the right hand side, a column indicates the official numbering of the Constitutional Governments . The numbering of the Constitutional Governments

672-552: The strong power of the parliament and often fell due to parliamentary turmoils and social instability. With the 28 May 1926 coup d'état , and eventually, after the formation of the Estado Novo quasi- fascist dictatorial regime of António de Oliveira Salazar , the prime minister was again named President of the Council of Ministers, and was nominally the most important figure in the country. First Salazar and then Marcello Caetano occupied this post for almost 42 years. With

700-829: The three regimes: First Republic , the Second Republic and Third Republic, with a fourth column in the Second Republic to mark the numbering of prime ministers since the 1926 revolution that established the National Dictatorship and since the replacement of the National Dictatorship with the Salazarist Estado Novo . In the Third Republic, a fourth column is also used to distinguish the prime ministers of

728-721: Was a Portuguese lawyer, professor and republican politician. Costa was the leader of the Portuguese Republican Party and he was one of the major figures of the Portuguese First Republic . He was a republican deputy in the Chamber of Deputies during the last years of the monarchy. After the proclamation of the republic, he was Minister for Justice during Teófilo Braga 's short-lived provisional government, which lasted from 5 October 1910 to 3 September 1911. During this period, Costa signed

756-550: Was a Minister Assistant to the Dispatch ( Ministro Assistante ao Despacho ), a coordinator of all secretaries of state, and with a post similar to that of a prime minister. After a brief absolutistic restoration, the second liberalism started. With the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy, the office of President of the Council of Ministers ( Presidente do Conselho de Ministros ) was created. The presidents of

784-589: Was yet again Prime Minister, from 25 April 1917 to 8 December 1917, in a national-unity government nicknamed the Sacred Union , to support Portugal's entrance into World War I . After Sidónio Pais 's military coup d'état in December 1917, Costa went into exile in Paris and though he did sometimes return briefly to Portugal, he never again lived there, even after Pais's assassination in 1918. After

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