60-676: (Redirected from River-class ) River class may refer to: Destroyers [ edit ] River-class destroyer (1903) , ships of the Royal Navy (UK) built in the early 20th century that served in World War I River-class destroyer (1931) , ships of the Royal Canadian Navy that served in World War II River-class destroyer escort , frigates built for
120-681: A combined English and Dutch naval force from the Strait of Hormuz , with Portugal regaining the control of the Persian Gulf . A major joint Portuguese–Spanish naval and military expedition was organized in April 1625 to retake Salvador da Bahia in Brazil from the Dutch, who had captured the city one year before. The Portuguese fleet was commandeered by Manuel de Menezes and counted 22 ships, including
180-660: A flag officer and included divisions of naval artillery, naval infantry and naval artificers, with a total of more than 5000 men. Following the execution of Louis XVI of France by the French revolutionaries, Portugal entered the anti-revolutionary Coalition. In 1793, the Portuguese Navy was tasked with transporting by sea and escorting the Portuguese Expeditionary Army sent to help Spain in the War of
240-740: A fleet to deter the Ottoman advance in the Mediterranean . This expedition would culminate in the battle of Matapan on 19 July 1717, in which the Portuguese fleet, supported by Venetian and Maltese ships, under the command of the Portuguese Admiral Count of Rio Grande, defeated the Ottoman Navy. From 1762 to 1777, the Portuguese naval forces based in Brazil participated in the several conflicts that occurred with
300-415: A raised forecastle rather than an arched turtleback for the hull forward of the bridge , and that the bridge should be placed further aft to keep it clear of spray from waves breaking over the bow. Furthermore, he felt that destroyers should run their speed trials with a more realistic load of fuel and supplies. The "30-knotter" type might have a nominal speed of 30 knots, but even in very good weather this
360-669: A significant deal of its prestige, beginning to decline as other newly emerging European empirical powers began to overtake it. Today, the Portuguese Navy assumes a dual role capacity: naval combat missions to assure Portugal's sovereignty and international commitments, and coast guard operations in its territorial waters and areas of influence. The Portuguese Navy also participates in missions related with international commitments assumed by Portugal (mainly within NATO ), as well as missions of civil interest. The first historically known battle involving Portuguese naval forces happened in 1180, during
420-572: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages River-class destroyer (1903) The River-class destroyer (re-designated in 1913 as the E class ) was a class of torpedo boat destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the first few years of the 20th century, and which saw extensive service in World War I. These 37 vessels (33 formally ordered under three annual construction programmes, plus another three built on speculation and then purchased by
480-624: The A-class in 1913) and "30-knotter" class (redesignated the B , C and, D classes in 1913). De Robeck's specification called for a range of 1,650 nmi (3,056 km) at a sustained speed of 18 knots (33 km/h); the "30-knotter" could only make 1,400 nmi (2,593 km) at its cruising speed of 13 knots (24 km/h). De Robeck also called for various modifications to destroyer design to help make ships more seaworthy , in particular keeping up their speed in adverse weather conditions. The most noticeable change would be to introduce
540-497: The Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries. The result of this technical and scientific discoveries led Portugal to develop advanced ships, including the caravel , new and more sophisticated types of carracks for interoceanic travel and the oceanic galleon , and to find the sea route to the East and routes to South America and Northern North America. Bartolomeu Dias rounded
600-577: The Pacific Ocean leaving from California . In 1618, the first naval infantry regiment was founded ( Portuguese : Terço da Armada da Coroa de Portugal ), origin of both the modern marine corps of Portugal and of Brazil . During 14 days of fighting in February 1625, the Portuguese Navy gained a strategic victory when a squadron of galleons, commanded by Rui Freire de Andrade, and another one of galleys, commanded by Álvaro Botelho, expelled
660-734: The Portuguese Navy was purchased by the Admiralty in 1915 following the outbreak of war. Apart from the Gala and Blackwater (both lost by accidents in 1908 and 1909 respectively), all these ships were re-designated as the 'E' class in 1913 (including Arno in 1915) and saw service during World War 1 , when seven of them were sunk. The 28 ships surviving the war were all sold out of service and scrapped by late 1920. Note: (a) Laird Brothers were taken over by steelmakers Cammell in 1903, and were renamed Cammell Laird & Co. (b) Rother
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#1732772325294720-698: The Portuguese War Navy ( Marinha de Guerra Portuguesa ) or as the Portuguese Armada ( Armada Portuguesa ), is the navy of the Portuguese Armed Forces . Chartered in 1317 by King Dinis of Portugal , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world ; in 2017, the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation. The navy played a key role in Portuguese maritime exploration during
780-597: The Russo-Japanese War had shown that the 6-pounder gun was insufficiently effective, so the five 6-pounders in this class were replaced by three additional 12-pounders, creating an "all big gun" armament. With a general increase in size and more solid construction, the Rivers became the first truly oceangoing and useful torpedo boat destroyers in Royal Navy service. Despite making only 25 knots (previous classes had made 27 to 30 knots (50 to 56 km/h) under
840-589: The Terço da Armada da Coroa de Portugal , and about 4,000 men. On 1 December 1640, the Portuguese revolted and restored the full independence of Portugal after 60 years of Spanish domination. To defend its independence, the Portuguese Restoration War had to be fought against the Spanish forces. Although the threat from the powerful Spanish Navy existed, no major naval engagements occurred, with
900-552: The ad hoc India armadas , dispatched to India on an annual basis. To aid the Christian forces to conquest Tunis in 1535, King John III sent the Portuguese galleon Botafogo , the world's most powerful warship of the time, armed with between 80-200 guns and under the command of the brother of the King, Louis, Duke of Beja . In 1567, a Portuguese naval squadron, under the command of Mem de Sá , took Fort Coligny and expelled
960-557: The reign of Portugal's first king, Afonso I . The battle occurred off Cape Espichel , with a Portuguese naval squadron, commanded by the knight Fuas Roupinho , defeating a Muslim naval squadron. Fuas Roupinho also made two incursions at Ceuta , in 1181 and 1182, and died during the latter of these attempts to conquer the North African city. During the 13th century, in the Reconquista , the Portuguese naval forces helped in
1020-626: The 12 December 1317. This is considered the official date of foundation of the Portuguese Navy, with its 700 years being commemorated on the 12 December 2017. In 1321, the Portuguese Navy successfully attacked Muslim ports in North Africa . Maritime insurance began in 1323 in Portugal. Between 1336 and 1341, the first attempts at maritime expansion were made, with an expedition to the Canary Islands , sponsored by King Afonso IV . In
1080-587: The 1903-04 Programme. A further fourteen orders were projected under the draft 1904-05 Programme, but one vessel built by Palmers on speculation in 1902 was instead purchased for the Navy, and the other intended orders were never placed. Two additional vessels (likewise built on speculation by Cammell Laird in 1904–05) were purchased in December 1909 under the 1908-09 Programme, and a similar vessel building in Genoa for
1140-488: The Admiralty, and a final unit building in Italy for the Portuguese Navy and purchased in 1915) were all constructed to disparate builders' designs, just like the preceding classes. The class introduced new features to destroyer design, placing a greater emphasis on seakeeping and endurance and less on a high maximum speed in good weather. All the ships were named after British, Irish and Portuguese rivers , and as such were
1200-563: The Atlantic, the Indian ocean, and in the Far East , also contributed to the technical and geographical advance of other European navies, such as the first circumnavigation by Ferdinand Magellan (including, in the expedition, other captains, sailors and pilots), sailing across the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean . From the late 15th century until the late 16th century, the Portuguese navy
1260-569: The European discoverer of the sea route to India . In 1500, when leading a second Portuguese Armada of 13 ships to India, Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered and explored Brazil , claiming it for Portugal. In the same year, Diogo Dias , as one of the Captains of the fleet to India of Pedro Álvares Cabral, is separated from the main fleet by a storm while crossing the Cape of Good Hope, and becomes
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#17327723252941320-750: The French from the Guanabara Bay . Following the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580 and having defeated António, Prior of Crato in the War of the Portuguese Succession , the Habsburg Philip II of Spain became King of Portugal as Philip I. Under the Iberian Union , Portugal continued to be formally an independent kingdom with its own Navy, but its foreign and naval policies became increasingly subordinate to and oriented by Spanish interests. The Portuguese Navy
1380-536: The Midshipmen ( Academia Real dos Guardas-Marinhas ) was created in 1792, as a university -level naval academy . This Academy is the origin of the present Naval schools of Portugal and of Brazil . In 1792, the three naval regiments (two of infantry and one of artillery) were reorganized and merged as the Royal Brigade of the Navy ( Portuguese : Brigada Real de Marinha ). This Brigade was commanded by
1440-576: The Navy underwent a large transformation, as warships started being differentiated from merchant ships. In 1705, a squadron of eight ships of the line was sent to help England against the Franco-Spanish forces that were besieging Gibraltar , this expedition culminating in the naval battle of Cabrita Point . At the request of the Republic of Venice and the Pope , in 1716, the Portuguese Navy sent
1500-573: The Portuguese Navy was able to break the Castilian siege of Lisbon and to supply the city, defeating the Castilian Navy in the naval battle of the Tagus . In the beginning of the 15th century, the country entered a period of peace and stability. Europe was still involved in wars and feudal conflicts which allowed Portugal to be the only capable country to methodically and successfully start
1560-610: The Pyrenees against France. This was done by the Transport Squadron organized with four ships of the line, one frigate, four transport ships and 10 merchant ships. To aid United Kingdom to defend itself from a possible French invasion, the Portuguese Navy organized and sent the Channel Squadron, with five ships of the line, two frigates, two brigantines and a hospital-ship. From July 1794 to March 1796, under
1620-531: The Royal Australian Navy post World War II River-class torpedo-boat destroyer , ships of the Royal Australian Navy that served in World War I River-class destroyer (2030s) , ships of the Royal Canadian Navy based off the Royal Navy's Type 26 frigate design Other ships [ edit ] River-class frigate , ships of World War II built for the Royal Navy, Royal Canadian Navy and other navies River-class minesweeper , former ships of
1680-821: The Royal Navy commissioned in the 1980s River-class patrol vessel , ships of the modern Royal Navy River-class submarine , ships of the interwar Royal Navy that saw service in World War II River-class mine hunter , ships of the South African Navy Other [ edit ] River-class ferry , a ferry type used in Sydney, Australia Parramatta River-class ferry , a ferry type used in Sydney, Australia River class locomotive (disambiguation) See also [ edit ] Classification of rivers in Japan International Scale of River Difficulty Topics referred to by
1740-479: The Spanish in South America , but with limited success. From 1770, under the leadership of D. Martinho de Melo e Castro, secretary of State of the Navy, the Portuguese Navy went through large reform and modernization. Incidentally, as part of these reforms, the old procedure of baptizing Portuguese ships with names of Saints was replaced by names of mythical, historical or Royal persons. The Royal Academy of
1800-472: The area of the Strait of Gibraltar , to protect the navigation with North Africa and the Mediterranean ). The first two fleets were mostly made of ships of the line (carracks and galleons ), while the Strait fleet was mostly made of ships powered by oars ( fustas and galleys ). These fleets would subsist until the beginning of the 19th century. Besides the permanent three fleets, the Navy continued to organize
1860-597: The beginning of the Discoveries was the caravel , varying from 50 to 160 tons. The first results came soon when Gonçalves Zarco discovered Porto Santo Island in 1419 and Madeira Island in 1420, and Diogo de Silves discovered the azorean island of Santa Maria in 1427. In 1424, Gil Eanes crosses the Cape Bojador . Diogo Cão and Bartolomeu Dias arrived to the mouth of the Zaire River in 1482. In
River class - Misplaced Pages Continue
1920-495: The bridge. The same change was subsequently retro-fitted into the earlier batches. Note: (c) Stour and Test were not ordered under the 1903-04 Programme but were built concurrently by Cammell Laird on speculation; these were purchased by the Admiralty in December 1909, completed and named Stour and Test . (d) building as Portuguese Liz pre-war, but purchased by the Admiralty in March 1915 prior to completion, and renamed for
1980-585: The coast of Newfoundland was charted by the Corte-Real brothers, sons of João Vaz Corte-Real, in a failed attempt to find the Northwest Passage in 1501. In 1499, João Fernandes Lavrador and Pero de Barcelos arrive in Labrador ( named after João Fernandes Lavrador ) and map its coast. The greatest achievement of these exploration voyages was attained by Vasco da Gama , who in 1498 became
2040-612: The command of António Januário do Valle, the Portuguese Channel Squadron patrolled the English Channel in cooperation with the Royal Navy. The Portuguese Navy ended the 18th century with a fleet that included 13 ships of the line, 16 frigates, three corvettes, 17 brigs and eight support ships. In addition, the Portuguese naval forces also included the Navy of India, based in the Indian Ocean , with
2100-574: The conquest of several coastal Moorish towns, like Alcácer do Sal , Silves and Faro . It was also used in the battles against Castile —through incursions in Galicia and Andalusia —and also in joint actions with other Christian fleets against the Muslims. King Denis gave a permanent organization to his naval forces, appointing Manuel Pessanha of Genoa to be the first Admiral of the Kingdom, on
2160-528: The context of the 1383–85 Crisis , the Portuguese Navy took an active participation in the war against Castile. A Portuguese naval campaign conducted in Galicia led to the conquest of the coastal towns of Baiona , A Coruña and Neda , as well as the destruction of the naval base of Ferrol and of several ships that were on the way to reinforce the Castilian forces that were besieging Lisbon. In July 1384,
2220-631: The exploration of the Atlantic . Portuguese expansion during the 15th century can be divided in: Territorial expansion began in Morocco with the conquest of Ceuta in 1415. Exploration in the west African coast started in 1412 and ended with the crossing of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488. After his return from Ceuta , Henry the navigator founded a school of navigation in Sagres .The vessel employed in
2280-438: The features de Robeck and his colleagues advocated, as well as a heavier and more reliable kind of engine. The trials speed was initially 27 knots (50 km/h), though further requirements for increased strength reduced the speed to 25.5 knots (47.2 km/h). While this speed seemed like a significant reduction, it would be measured with a realistic 95 tons of coal loaded on board, and the better sea-keeping properties meant that
2340-531: The first Royal Navy destroyer class to be named systematically . The concept for the River class began in December 1900, with a request from Commander John Michael de Robeck , then the senior destroyer officer in the Mediterranean Fleet , for a new class of destroyer with a longer range and better sea-keeping qualities than the existing "27-knotter" class (the survivors of which would be redesignated
2400-590: The first European to reach Madagascar . Besides the already existing role of Admiral of Portugal, the Crown creates the role of Admiral of India, whose first holder becomes Vasco da Gama in 1500. With the first established sea route to the Indian Ocean , the Portuguese started to use the carrack ship ( nau in Portuguese). Nevertheless, the Portuguese penetration in the Indian Ocean was not peaceful due to
2460-491: The hull and internal arrangements differed between ships in the class. Nevertheless, the River class can clearly be distinguished from previous destroyers because of its raised forecastle . Previous British designs had a low "turtle-back" forecastle, which, although intended to clear the bows, caused them to dig in to the sea, resulting in a very wet conning position. The bridge was also further back than in previous destroyer models. All ships were coal fired (except Arno which
River class - Misplaced Pages Continue
2520-437: The most favourable conditions), the increased seaworthiness meant that they could maintain this speed into a sea and that they remained workable and fightable at the same time. Notwithstanding a variety of design differences, all ships had either two broad funnels or two pairs of narrow funnels. Thirty-three ships were ordered - ten ships under the 1901-02 Programme, eight ships under the 1902-03 Programme, and fifteen ships under
2580-697: The naval capability and the navigation knowledge of the Portuguese navigators, as well as their courage and determination. In 1520, King Manuel I organized the Portuguese Navy in three permanent armadas (fleets): the Armada of the Coast (for coastal patrol), the Armada of the Islands (based in the Azores, for the protection of the ocean navigation in the North Atlantic) and the Armada of the Strait (operating in
2640-420: The new ships would perform better than a "30-knotter" in any seas except for a flat calm. As with other early British destroyer classes, the Admiralty invited specialist private firms to submit their own designs for destroyers which would meet the specification. The idea was to use the builders' knowledge of building small, fast, ships to help cram powerful machinery into a small hull. For this reason, details of
2700-419: The opposition of the Muslims. However, in 1509 Francisco de Almeida had a tremendous victory over the Muslims in the naval Battle of Diu , and the Portuguese presence and dominance in the area is definitely attained. In Morocco the Portuguese conquests continued and they took over the cities of Safim , Azamor , Mazagão and Mogador . In the Far East , Portuguese navigators continue their progress visiting
2760-478: The river Arno in Portugal. As all of these vessels were designed and constructed by their shipbuilders to their own company designs, they differed in detail and in appearance. Even ships built at different times by the individual builders would differ from year to year, not least the ships built in 1903-04 and later after the deletion of the sponsons from the designs. Portuguese Navy The Portuguese Navy ( Portuguese : Marinha Portuguesa ), also known as
2820-452: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title River class . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=River_class&oldid=1240417798 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Ship disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
2880-447: The same year, the São Jorge da Mina castle was built on the coast of Western Africa, by Diogo de Azambuja , becoming one of the most important Portuguese naval bases. The structure exists to this day and is a robust example of slave trade in this era. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias became the first European to sail around the southernmost tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope . João Vaz Corte-Real arrived at Newfoundland in 1473. Part of
2940-435: The ships of the 1903-04 Programme on the other hand is that the former were completed with the forward pair of 6-pdr guns mounted on sponsons extending outwards from the ship's sides (abreast of the bridge). With the 1903-04 Programme these sponsons were deleted, the high forecastle was extended back as far as the bridge and the two foremost 6-pdr guns were mounted directly on the two sides of the forecastle immediately forward of
3000-437: The southeast of Asia , China in 1517 and Australia in 1522. In the same period they reached Taiwan (baptizing it Formosa ) and Japan where they became the first Europeans to arrive. They entered the Red Sea in 1542 to destroy the Ottoman armada in Suez . In the West the Portuguese visited the coast of New England in 1520, California in 1542 and Hudson Bay in 1588. All of these actions were only possible with
3060-427: The southern tip of Africa and Vasco da Gama reached India , linking Europe and Asia for the first time by ocean route, as well as the Atlantic and the Indian oceans. This led to the discovery of Brazil in the first expeditions that linked Europe, Africa, the New World , and Asia on a single voyage, such as the expedition of Pedro Álvares Cabral , and through the skills and experience of their navigators in
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#17327723252943120-401: The war being fought mainly on land. At the same time, Portugal made peace agreements with England , France and the Netherlands . In the period of the Restoration War, the major engagements of the Portuguese Navy were not against the Spanish but against the Dutch , that—despite having signed a peace agreement with the Portuguese—decided to take advantage of the difficult conditions caused by
3180-419: The war effort of Portugal in Europe and to assault and capture some of its colonies in America , Africa and Asia. Despite some important initial setbacks, the Portuguese were finally able to react, repulsing the Dutch assaults on Mozambique , Goa and Macau and recapturing Northeast Brazil, Angola , São Tomé and Ano Bom , in several naval and military campaigns. During the reign of King John V of Portugal ,
3240-408: Was added to the squadron) and two zabras , and another squadron of four galleys , with a total of 16 vessels and more than 5,800 men. This expedition culminated in the naval battle of Gravelines . Linked to Spain by a dual monarchy , Portugal saw its large Empire being attacked by the English, the French and the Dutch, all enemies of Spain. The reduced Portuguese population (around one million)
3300-436: Was never achieved in service. Other officers serving on Royal Navy destroyers made similar observations about their ships. John de Robeck's commanding officer, Vice-Admiral "Jackie" Fisher , drew a comparison with the German S90 -class torpedo boat , which had impressed Royal Navy officers who had seen it. In July 1901 the Director of Naval Construction worked on sketch designs for future destroyers, which included many of
3360-435: Was not ordered under the 1902-03 Programme; Palmers laid down 3 ships to the same design in early 1903, but only received orders for two ships, the third ship being built on speculation; this was purchased by the Admiralty in 1904 in lieu of one of the 143 orders projected under the 1904-05 Programme, and was named Rother . A major distinction in appearance between the ships on the 1901–02 and 1902-03 Programmes on one hand and
3420-402: Was not sufficient to resist so many enemies, and the Empire started to fall apart. The Portuguese Navy was still involved in several other conflicts and maintained an important role in the fight against pirates . António Saldanha commanding a fleet of 30 carracks defeated an Ottoman fleet in the Mediterranean and conquered Tunis . Meanwhile, João Queirós accomplished a double crossing of
3480-400: Was oil-fired), and all had triple expansion steam engines except for four; Eden , Stour , Test and Arno were powered by steam turbines . Eden was given turbines to test their viability for future destroyer classes, with two propellers on each of her three shafts, to transmit the power at the high revolutions of the direct drive turbines, a feature of the earlier Turbinia . By 1906
3540-419: Was one of the most powerful maritime forces in the world. For most of the 16th century, the Portuguese India Armadas and fleets, then the world leader in shipbuilding and naval artillery and technology, dominated most of the Atlantic Ocean south of the Canary Islands, the Indian Ocean and the access to the western Pacific. Following the Iberian Union , the Portuguese Empire and its maritime power lost
3600-412: Was soon ordered by King Philip to contribute to the Spanish Armada intended to invade England, although England was an old ally of Portugal. Portugal provided the most powerful squadron of ships of the Armada, including its flagship, the galleon São Martinho (called the San Martin by the Spanish). The Portuguese participation included a squadron of nine galleons (a tenth galleon provided by Tuscany
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