The Marne ( French pronunciation: [maʁn] ) is a river in France , an eastern tributary of the Seine in the area east and southeast of Paris . It is 514 kilometres (319 mi) long. The river gave its name to the departments of Haute-Marne , Marne , Seine-et-Marne , and Val-de-Marne .
15-887: The Marne starts in the Langres plateau, runs generally north then bends west between Saint-Dizier and Châlons-en-Champagne , joining the Seine at Charenton just upstream from Paris. Its main tributaries are the Rognon , the Blaise , the Saulx , the Ourcq , the Petit Morin and the Grand Morin . Near the town of Saint-Dizier , part of the flow is diverted through the artificial Lake Der-Chantecoq . This ensures both flood prevention and
30-480: A subprefecture ( French : sous-préfecture ) is the commune which is the administrative centre of a departmental arrondissement that does not contain the prefecture for its department . The term also applies to the building that houses the administrative headquarters for an arrondissement. The civil servant in charge of a subprefecture is the subprefect , assisted by a general secretary . Between May 1982 and February 1988, subprefects were known instead by
45-475: Is known for its rind, which is washed. The town was long known for its cutlery industry. Didier Diderot , father of encyclopedist Denis , was a cutler. A museum called the Denis Diderot House of Enlightenment opened in 2013. This museum, set up in a private mansion from the 16th and 18th centuries, is dedicated to the philosopher Denis Diderot . Langres was the birthplace of: Located in
60-710: The region of Grand Est . As the capital of the Romanized Gallic tribe known as the Lingones , it was called Andematunnum, then Lingones, and now Langres. A hilltop town, Langres was built on a limestone promontory of the same name. This stronghold was originally occupied by the Lingones. At a later date the Romans fortified the town, which they called Andemantunum, located at a strategic crossroads of twelve Roman roads . The first-century Triumphal Gate and
75-405: The 19th century, a " Vauban " citadel was added. Langres has a historic town center surrounded by defensive walls with a dozen towers and seven gates. The cathedral of Saint-Mammès is a late 12th-century structure dedicated to Mammes of Caesarea , a 3rd-century martyr. Langres is home to producers of an AOC -protected cheese of the same name. It is a soft, pungent cow's milk cheese that
90-718: The Marne (September 1914), the military governor of Paris, General Joseph Gallieni , took the initiative in driving the Germans back from the capital, rendering their war-plan inoperative. In the Second Battle of the Marne (July-August 1918), the last major German offensive on the Western Front was defeated by an Allied counter-attack, leading eventually to the Armistice . During the heyday of canal transportation,
105-423: The Marne before swinging away to enter Paris from the north; at one time the two were linked by a "tub-boat" inclined plane near Meaux . During the 19th and 20th centuries the Marne inspired many painters, among whom were: Langres Langres ( French pronunciation: [lɑ̃ɡʁ] ) is a commune in northeastern France . It is a subprefecture of the department of Haute-Marne , in
120-812: The Marne was a major artery connecting Paris and the Seine with major rivers to the east: the Meuse (via the Canal de l'Aisne à la Marne and the Canal des Ardennes ), the Moselle and the Rhine (via the Marne-Rhine Canal ), and the Saône and Rhône (via the Canal de la Marne à la Saône ). To facilitate transportation along the Marne itself, a number of lateral canals were constructed alongside. The most extensive
135-420: The city in 927. The Bishop of Langres was a duke and peer of France . The troubled 14th and 15th centuries caused the town to strengthen its defenses, which still give the old city its fortified character, and Langres entered a period of royal tutelage. The Renaissance , which returned prosperity to the town, saw the construction of numerous fine civil, religious and military buildings that still stand today. In
150-408: The maintenance of minimum river flows in periods of drought. The Marne is famous as the site of two eponymous battles during World War I . The first battle was a turning point of the war, fought in 1914. The second battle was fought four years later, in 1918. The Celts of Gaul worshipped a goddess known as Dea Matrona ("divine mother goddess") who was associated with the Marne. The Marne
165-524: The many artefacts exhibited in the museums are remnants of the town's Gallo-Roman history. After the period of invasions, the town prospered in the Middle Ages , due in part to the growing political influence of its bishops. The diocese covered Champagne , the Duchy of Burgundy , and Franche-Comté , and the bishops obtained the right to coin money in the ninth century and to name the military governor of
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#1732776827137180-508: The north-east quarter of France, Langres is under the influence of both an oceanic climate and a humid continental climate with no dry season. Winters are cold and snowy (33.4 days of snow per year on average) but interspersed with periods of light thaw and summers are mild and even pleasant with average maximum temperatures around 23 °C (73 °F). Langres is twinned with: Subprefectures in France In France ,
195-478: The title Deputy Commissioner of the Republic ( commissaire adjoint de la République ). Where the administration of an arrondissement is carried out from a prefecture, the general secretary to the prefect carries out duties equivalent to those of the subprefect. The municipal arrondissements of Paris , Lyon and Marseille are divisions of the commune rather than the prefecture. They are not arrondissements in
210-628: Was navigable as a free-flowing river until the 19th century. It had one gated 500 m shortcut, the Canal de Cornillon in Meaux, which was built in 1235, the oldest canal in France. Canalisation was started in 1837 and completed to Épernay in 1867. It included a number of canals to bypass the most extravagant meanders. In World War I , the Marne was the scene of two notable battles. In the First Battle of
225-415: Was the Canal latéral à la Marne , which runs 67 km (42 mi) between Vitry-le-François and Dizy . Downstream of this were several more, including the Canal de Meaux à Chalifert , the Canal de Chelles , and the Canal de Saint-Maurice which ended at Charenton-le-Pont near the Marne's confluence with the Seine . Furthermore, a portion of the Canal de l'Ourcq also runs parallel and quite close to
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