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47-677: In 1956, the Philippine government passed the “Rizal Law,” requiring that all universities provide mandatory courses on José Rizal and his works. This was opposed by the Catholic Church, which continued to resent its portrayal in Rizal’s novels despite the Filipino clergy’s early association with the nationalist movement. Church leaders accused the bill’s proponent, Senator Recto of being a communist and anti-Catholic. The final bill included

94-582: A "family" to a "movement", reaching almost 4 million people: In 2022, the Congregation of the Mission had 3,099 incorporated members, of whom 2,781 were priests. They have 476 houses, spread over five vice-provinces: Mozambique, Nigeria, Costa Rica and St. Cyril and Methodius (Ukraine), and thirty-seven provinces on five continents. As of 2021, the Vincentians number about 3,100 worldwide, with

141-517: A $ 1-million and two $ 100,000 Humanity prizes to finalist organizations which contributed to solve most persistent social problems: John Adams (of So Others Might Eat which serves the poor and homeless in Washington, DC ); Stan Goetschalckx (founder and director of AHADI International Institute in Tanzania which educates refugees from Congo , Rwanda , and Burundi ); and Bebot Carcellar of

188-403: A bill co-written by both José P. Laurel and Recto, with the only opposition coming from Francisco Soc Rodrigo , Mariano Jesús Cuenco , and Decoroso Rosales . The Archbishop of Manila , Rufino Santos , protested in a pastoral letter that Catholic students would be affected if compulsory reading of the unexpurgated version were pushed through. Arsenio Lacson , Manila's mayor, who supported

235-532: A presence in 95 different countries. Its specific apostolate remains the evangelization of the poor and the formation of the clergy. As of 2017 , Tomaž Mavrič is the incumbent worldwide superior general of the Congregation of the Mission, elected during its general assembly on July 5, 2016. On August 30, 2007, The Catholic University of America , (with the Opus Prize 2004 Foundation, affiliated with The Opus Group), announced that it would award on November 8

282-572: A provision allowing Catholic students to refrain from reading Rizal’s works, citing conscientious objections. In the campaign to oppose the Rizal bill, the Catholic Church urged its adherents to write to their congressmen and senators showing their opposition to the bill; later, it organized symposiums. In one of these symposiums, Fr. Jesus Cavanna argued that the novels belonged to the past and that teaching them would misrepresent current conditions. Radio commentator Jesus Paredes also said that Catholics had

329-542: A publication now in the public domain :  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " Congregation of Priests of the Mission ". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. Philippine languages The Philippine languages or Philippinic are a proposed group by R. David Paul Zorc (1986) and Robert Blust (1991; 2005; 2019) that include all the languages of the Philippines and northern Sulawesi , Indonesia —except Sama–Bajaw (languages of

376-442: A recent state-of-the art on the classification of Philippine languages, he provides multidisciplinary arguments on the field's methodological and theoretical shortcomings since Conant's description in the early 1900s. This includes Malayo-Polynesian archeology (Spriggs, 2003; 2007; 2011), and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses (Gray et al., 2009) substantiating the multiplicity of historical diffusion and divergence of languages across

423-602: A specific "Proto-Philippines" were followed by Matthew Charles in 1974, Teodoro Llamzon in 1966 and 1975, and Llamzon and Teresita Martin in 1976. Blust (1991) two decades later updates this based on Zorc's (1986) inclusion of Yami , and the Sangiric , Minahasan , and Gorontalo groups. The genetic unity of a Philippines group has been rejected particularly by Lawrence Reid . This arose with problems in reconstructing Philippine subgroups within MP (Pawley, 1999; Ross, 2005). In

470-560: A statue of Saint Vincent de Paul. Currently, for the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the Congregation of the Mission, the Vincentians are renovating the Mother House, with the aim of accommodating those seeking spiritual enrichment, especially members of all branches of the Vincentian Family, pilgrims and people of faith. There are people who do not belong to groups or congregations of consecrated life, but who live

517-1052: Is also responsible for the creation of the Vincentian Facilitators, the Academic Social Responsibility, the Academic Social Entrepreneurship, and the Academic Social Journalism at the Vincentian-owned Adamson University. Through the Vincentian Center, the movement towards academic social networking has become a reality in the university. It is also responsible for organizing the First Northville and Southville People's Congress, consisting of around 750,000 relocatees from Metro Manila and

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564-473: Is associated with the Vincentian Family , a loose federation of organizations that look to Vincent de Paul as their founder or patron. Inspired by the "first mission" of Chátillon-les-Dombes and Folleville, where he delivered his first mission sermon, St. Vincent de Paul discovered the need and importance of popular missions and general confessions. His concern to form a group of missionaries for

611-609: Is in Manchester, Connecticut. Members of the congregation include: The religious congregation runs the following institutions of higher education: Institutions formerly run by the Congregation: The Vincentian fathers also run a number of secondary schools, most notably in Dublin, Ireland, where the order is in charge of two such institutions. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

658-401: Is said to have the real intention of instilling the true meaning of nationalism and patriotism in every Filipino, especially the younger generation. It is also said to give learnings needed in facing current societal issues and preserve the contribution of Rizal and other heroes to Philippine independence. The last two sections were focused on making Rizal's works accessible to the general public:

705-530: Is the first Asian to hold the office. In 1991, Carcellar was assigned to Payatas. With his "Planning for a new home, Systemic Change Strategy," he organized Philippine massive home constructions, which he began by a savings program at Payatas dumpsite. Carcellar's "The Homeless Peoples Federation Philippines" provided slum dwellers of Iloilo City and Mandaue City with initiatives to survive poverty. In 2008 it promoted savings in Southeast Asia , since

752-660: The Archdiocese of Ozamiz . The Philippine province has a deacon, 5 incorporated brothers, and 97 priests. A major work is the housing program for hundreds of families, especially those affected by demolitions and relocations along the Philippine North and South Railways tracks. The CBCP Newsletter announced on July 10, 2008, the appointment of the Philippine Marcelo Manimtim as director of Paris-based Centre International de Formation. Manimtim

799-516: The Company of the Daughters of Charity , a group of women dedicated to serving the "poorest of the poor". Prayer and community life were essential elements of their vocation of service, with a characteristic spirit of humility, simplicity and charity. The Congregation has its origin in the successful mission to the common people conducted by Vincent de Paul and five other priests on the estates of

846-644: The Department of Education, Culture and Sports to fully implement the law as there had been reports that it has still not been fully implemented. The debate during the enactment of the Rizal Law has been compared to the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (RH Law) debate in 2011. Akbayan representative Kaka Bag-ao , one of the proponents of the RH Law, said, quoting

893-620: The Gondi family . More immediately it dates from 1624, when the little community acquired a permanent settlement in the Collège des Bons Enfants in Paris , which later became a seminary under the name of St. Firmin . The first missions of the Vincentians were in the suburbs of Paris and in Picardy and Champagne. Archiepiscopal recognition was obtained in 1626. By a papal bull on January 12, 1633,

940-592: The Indonesians used Rizal's books as their Bible on their independence movement; Pedro López , who hails from Cebu, Cuenco's province, in his support for the bill, reasoned out that it was in their province the independence movement started, when Lapu-Lapu fought Ferdinand Magellan . Outside the Senate, the Catholic schools threatened to close down if the bill was passed; Recto countered that if that happened,

987-526: The "Sea Gypsies") and the Molbog language —and form a subfamily of Austronesian languages . Although the Philippines is near the center of Austronesian expansion from Taiwan , there is relatively little linguistic diversity among the approximately 150 Philippine languages, suggesting that earlier diversity has been erased by the spread of the ancestor of the modern Philippine languages . One of

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1034-566: The Adamson University. The center intends to engage the Adamson's academic community more deeply and directly in nation-building and to directly respond to Millennium Development Goals ' poverty alleviation initiatives in the country. De Castro also cited the Adamson University and a Vincentian priest named Atilano "Nonong" Fajardo for their efforts in putting up the Vincentian Center. The Vincentian Center for Social Responsibility

1081-684: The Catholic hierarchy, that "More than 50 years ago, they said the Rizal Law violates the Catholic's right to conscience and religion, interestingly, the same line of reasoning they use to oppose the RH bill." Congregation of the Mission The Congregation of the Mission ( Latin : Congregatio Missionis ), abbreviated CM and commonly called the Vincentians or Lazarists , is a Catholic society of apostolic life of pontifical right for men founded by Vincent de Paul . It

1128-670: The Philippine Federation affiliated with an international network called "Slum/Shack Dwellers International". Another, younger Vincentian was also assigned by Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales as the Coordinator of the Housing Ministry of the Archdiocese of Manila. On September 28, 2007, Philippine Vice President Noli De Castro welcomed the launching of the Vincentian Center for Social Responsibility by

1175-532: The Philippine languages, Alexander Smith (2017) regards the evidence for a Philippine subgroup as weak, and concludes that "they may represent more than one primary subgroup or perhaps an innovation-defined linkage ". Chen et al. (2022) present further arguments for the Philippine languages being a convergence area rather than a unified phylogenetic subgroup. The Philippine group is proposed to have originated from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian and ultimately from Proto-Austronesian . There have been several proposals as to

1222-578: The South American republics, Portugal , Spain , and Russia , some of which were later suppressed. In the same year they had fourteen establishments in the United States of America . The Mother House (Maison Mère) is the successor of the first Mother House which was the former priory of Saint Lazare. This house, located at 95 rue de Sèvres, was the former residence of the Duke of Lorges, and

1269-604: The Vincentian Missionaries Social Development Foundation. On November 8, 2007, David M. O'Connell, president of Catholic University, personally bestowed these Opus Prizes at the university's Edward J. Pryzbyla University Center. In 2008 the Vincentian family marked 150 years in the Philippines, led by the provincial Bienvenido M. Disu, Gregorio L. Bañaga, President of Adamson University , and Archbishop Jesus Dosado of

1316-453: The archipelago. He suggests that the primary branches under this widely acknowledged Philippine group should instead be promoted as primary branches under Malayo-Polynesian . Malcolm Ross (2005) earlier also noted that the Batanic languages , constituting Yami , Itbayat , and Ivatan , should in fact be considered as a primary MP branch. In an evaluation of the lexical innovations among

1363-491: The bill, walked out of Mass when the priest read a circular from the archbishop denouncing the bill. Rizal, according to Cuenco , "attack[ed] dogmas, beliefs and practices of the Church. The assertion that Rizal limited himself to castigating undeserving priests and refrained from criticizing, ridiculing or putting in doubt dogmas of the Catholic Church, is absolutely gratuitous and misleading." Cuenco touched on Rizal's denial of

1410-472: The books of Rizal from the schools would blot out from our minds the memory of the national hero. This is not a fight against Recto but a fight against Rizal", adding that since Rizal is dead, they are attempting to suppress his memory. On May 12, 1956, a compromise inserted by Committee on Education chairman Laurel that accommodated the objections of the Catholic Church was approved unanimously. The bill specified that only college (university) students would have

1457-508: The composition within the group, but the most widely accepted groupings today is the consensus classifications by Blust (1991; 2005) and Reid (2017); however, both disagree on the existence of a Philippine group as a single genetic unit. An earlier classification by Zorc (1979) is presented below. From approximately north to south, a Philippine group according to his analysis of previous reconstructions are divided into two main subgroups, Northern or "Cordilleran" and Southern or "Sulic". Note that

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1504-712: The date of its suppression in 1796 it possessed thirty-five establishments. The Congregation of the Mission was permitted to return in 1816, where it is very active. In Madagascar it had a mission from 1648 until 1674. In 1783 Vincentians were appointed to take the place of the Jesuits in the Levantine and Chinese missions; and in 1874 their establishments throughout the Ottoman Empire numbered sixteen. In addition, they established missions in Persia , Abyssinia , Mexico ,

1551-702: The eastern sea board. The also founded and still run Niagara University along with St. John's University (New York City) . They also has a sub-province in Panama. The Western Province of the USA has a mission in Kenya, where in conjunction with parish ministry water projects have been initiated to provide clean water to the people. The New England Province was founded in 1904 by Vincentians from Poland. They staff parishes in New York and Connecticut. The provincial headquarters

1598-490: The eve of the French Revolution , Saint Lazare was plundered by the mob and the congregation was later suppressed; it was restored by Napoleon in 1804 at the desire of Pius VII , abolished by him in 1809 in consequence of a quarrel with the pope, and again restored in 1816. The Vincentians were expelled from Italy in 1871 and from Germany in 1873. The Vincentian province of Poland was singularly prosperous; at

1645-546: The existence of purgatory , as it was not found in the Bible, and that Moses and Jesus Christ did not mention its existence; Cuenco concluded that a "majority of the Members of this Chamber, if not all [including] our good friend, the gentleman from Sulu" believed in purgatory. The senator from Sulu, Domocao Alonto, attacked Filipinos who proclaimed Rizal as "their national hero but seemed to despise what he had written", saying that

1692-544: The first explicit classifications of a "Philippine" grouping based on genetic affiliation was in 1906 by Frank Blake, who placed them as a subdivision of the "Malay branch" within Malayo-Polynesian (MP), which at that time was considered as a family. Blake however encompasses every language within the geographic boundaries of the Philippine archipelago to be under a single group. Formal arguments in support of

1739-538: The groupings herein no longer reflect widely accepted classifications or naming conventions today. For example South Extension nowadays reflects the widely established Central Luzon , and North Mangyan within Cordilleran is not supported by later reconstructions; the group containing Yami , Ivatan and Itbayat is called " Bashiic " in Zorc (1977) and remains generally accepted. From approximately north to south,

1786-621: The most abandoned areas of France was born in him, and in 1625 he founded the Congregation of the Mission as an apostolic society together with other priests, Anthony Portail, M. Belin, Francis de Coudray and John de la Salle. Years later, this mission found its motto in the passage in Luke's gospel , Evangelizare pauperibus misit me (The Holy Spirit sent me to bring the Good News to the poor, Luke 4:18 ). In 1633, motivated by that same Spirit, St. Vincent de Paul and St. Louise de Marillac founded

1833-538: The option of reading unexpurgated versions of clerically-contested reading material, such as Noli Me Tángere and El Filibusterismo . The bill was enacted on June 12, 1956, Flag Day. Section 2 mandated that the students were to read the novels as they were written in Spanish, although a provision ordered that the Board of National Education create rules on how these should be applied. Republic Act No. 1425 or The Rizal Law

1880-779: The provinces of Cavite, Bulacan and Laguna. The Vincentians travelled to the United States in 1816 and two years later established St. Mary's of the Barrens seminary . They founded Niagara University (1856), St. John's University (1870), and DePaul University (1898). The Eastern Province's headquarters is located in Germantown, PA located next to the Basilica Shrine of the Miraculous Medal. The priests of this province serve in several parishes along

1927-675: The right to refuse to read them as it would "endanger their salvation". Groups such as Catholic Action of the Philippines, the Congregation of the Mission , the Knights of Columbus , and the Catholic Teachers Guild organized opposition to the bill; they were countered by Veteranos de la Revolucion (Spirit of 1896), Alagad ni Rizal, the Freemasons, and the Knights of Rizal . The Senate Committee on Education sponsored

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1974-415: The schools would be nationalized. Recto did not believe the threat, stating that the schools were too profitable to be closed. The schools gave up the threat, but threatened to "punish" legislators in favor of the law in future elections. A compromise was suggested, to use the expurgated version; Recto, who had supported the required reading of the unexpurgated version, declared: "The people who would eliminate

2021-415: The second section mandated the schools to have "an adequate number" of copies in their libraries, while the third ordered the board to publish the works in major Philippine languages . After the bill was enacted into law, there were no recorded instances of students applying for exemption from reading the novels, and there is no known procedure for such exemptions. In 1994, President Fidel V. Ramos ordered

2068-741: The society was constituted a congregation, with Vincent de Paul as its head. About the same time the canons regular of St. Victor handed over to the congregation their priory of Saint Lazare (formerly a lazar-house or leper hospital) in Paris, which led to its members being popularly known as 'Lazarists . Within a few years the Vincentians had acquired another house in Paris and set up other establishments throughout France; missions were also sent to Italy (1638), Tunis (1643), Algiers and Ireland (1646), Madagascar (1648), Poland (1651), and Turkey (1783). A bull of Alexander VII in April 1655 further confirmed

2115-469: The society; this was followed by a brief in September of the same year, regulating its constitution. The rules then adopted, which were framed on the model of those of the Jesuits , were published at Paris in 1668 under the title Regulae seu constitutiones communes congregationis missionis . Its special aims were the religious instruction of the poor, the training of the clergy, and foreign missions. On

2162-482: The spirit of St. Vincent, his spirituality and charism; they are volunteers, they are in parishes, schools, hospitals and so many other places. The spirituality of Vincent de Paul has influenced the foundation of other societies of apostolic life and even of some institutes of consecrated life which, in communion, form today what is called the Vincentian family. There are 170 congregations, with 2 million people involved, and groups of lay people, which have grown from

2209-513: Was made available to the Congregation of the Mission by the French government in 1817. Finally, in 2006, the French State made the Congregation of the Mission the owner of the house and its grounds. The Mother House consists of a series of buildings around a paved courtyard. The entrance is in the central neo-Renaissance style pavilion at the back of the courtyard. In a niche on the façade is

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