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48-440: Rizal Shrine may refer to: Rizal Shrine (Calamba) — Laguna, Philippines Rizal Shrine (Intramuros) — Manila, Philippines Rizal Shrine (Dapitan) — Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Rizal Shrine . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

96-487: A bahay na bato but uses wooden wall instead of stone walls covering the bottom floor. These arts were brought by the Visayan settlers to the coastal towns of Mindanao . The Ivatan people of Batanes have a very different style of bahay na bato . As the islands of Batanes were absorbed to the colonial Philippines much later through Spanish conquest, their bahay na bato developed much later as well. Structures combined

144-404: A sala , which leads to three bedrooms: the boys' room (for Jose and Paciano ), the girls' room for his 9 sisters and the master bedroom. The biggest among all the rooms, the master bedroom contains the four-poster bed where Rizal was born. Going beyond the sala is an informal dining room or comedor. Prominent in this room is the punkah, a large rectangular Indian fan. Next to the comedor and

192-745: A National Shrine (Level 1) by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines . It is located along Mercado Street and Rizal Street in Calamba's Poblacion 5 and is in close proximity to St. John the Baptist Parish Church and the City College of Calamba . José Rizal 's father, Francisco Rizal Mercado , took 2 years to build the original Rizal ancestral house. The Spanish authorities confiscated

240-574: A foundation. The posts are placed behind Spanish-style solid stone blocks or bricks, giving the impression of a first floor. Still, the ground level contains storage rooms, cellars, shops, or other business-related functions. The second floor is the elevated residential apartment, as it is with the bahay kubo . The roof materials are either Spanish-style curving clay tiles ( teja de curva ) or thatched with leaves (like nipa , sago palm , or cogon ), with later 19th-century designs featuring galvanization. Roof styles are traditionally high pitched and include

288-860: A two-storey house. The mainland bahay na bato influence is very much clear in the rakuh building. Many convents, monasteries, schools, hospitals, offices, stations, etc. also adapted the bahay kubo architecture to the Spanish colonial style. As a result, many of these buildings end up being a bahay na bato as well. Examples of such buildings include the University of Santo Tomas (Intramuros), Colegio de Santa Rosa Manila campus, San Juan de Dios Educational Foundation , Tutuban station , AMOSUP hospital, Hotel de Oriente in Binondo, Malacañang Palace , and many other church convents which are still standing today. Examples: The Intramuros Register of Styles

336-405: Is a hybrid of Austronesian and Spanish architecture ; and later, with early 20th-century American architecture , supporting the fact that the Philippines is a result of these cultures mixing. Its most common appearance features an elevated, overhanging wooden upper story (with balustrades, ventanillas , and capiz-shell sliding windows ) standing on wooden posts in a rectangular arrangement as

384-513: Is based on the traditional stilt houses of the Austronesian people of Southeast Asia . The first buildings during the early years of Spanish occupation were Bahay kubo which are made of wood and bamboo materials, a type of construction with which the pre-Hispanic indigenous Filipinos had been working expertly since early times known as Austronesian architecture . Bahay kubo roofs were made of nipa palm or cogon grass. In its most basic form,

432-456: Is commonly used in bahay na bato , churches and other constructed buildings, walls, monuments and fortification of the region. Brick was the essential building material in northern Luzon ; houses and churches of brick were also built in scattered areas of the archipelago, all the way down to Jolo, Sulu . Unique designs of the north may include having the façade walls of the second level made up of stone material in many buildings, rather than

480-533: Is entirely different from the material of the same name found in Latin America (adobe in those Hispanic countries refers to mud and straw formed into rectangular blocks which are then dried in the sun). In Manila, the largest, fanciest, and most prestigious companies eventually established themselves along the Escolta ; by the second half of the 19th century it was the most important commercial district in

528-612: Is the agency of the Philippine Government responsible for the implementation of the Register of Styles. Intramuros in Manila is the only locality in the Philippines where, for cultural reasons, the use, height, scale, and aesthetics of all new constructions and development are pre-determined and strictly regulated under the force of a national law. The Register of Styles, as an integral part of Presidential Decree No. 1616,

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576-635: Is the main architectural code of Intramuros , the historic core of the City of Manila , Philippines . The Register of Styles prescribes the Bahay na bato as the default style for new constructions in Intramuros. The Register became part of Presidential Decree No. 1616, as amended, when it was gazetted by the Official Gazette of the Philippines on June 17, 2022. The Intramuros Administration

624-595: Is the main legal document prescribing and guiding the implementation of pre-war architectural colonial styles in Intramuros. The Register of Styles is the first document to detail the historical styles of Intramuros. It was authored by Rancho Arcilla, who was then the Archivist of the Intramural Administration, and under the initiative of Guiller Asido , the former Administrator of Intramuros. Being an integral part of Presidential Decree No. 1616,

672-819: The Centenary of the Philippine Independence in 1998, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts in cooperation with the National Centennial Commission, decided that Rizal's Shrine should focus specifically on his childhood. The house is intended to provide an accurate representation of the home Rizal grew up in until his formal schooling in Biñan . Rizal's anecdotes often reference his childhood home, recounting

720-399: The nipa hut in the garden where he used to sleep and learned to sculpt; the kitchen where he learned the alphabet; the bedroom where he learned to pray; the library where he discovered books and the azotea where he listened to his grandmother's stories of "skeletons, buried treasures and trees that bloomed with diamonds." Near Rizal's home is the church where he was baptised, Saint John

768-595: The American-era Gabaldon school buildings , all with few adjustments. This architecture was still used during the American colonization of the Philippines . After the Second World War , construction of these houses declined and eventually stopped in favor of post-World War II modern architecture . Today, these houses are more commonly called ancestral houses , due to most ancestral homes in

816-494: The Baptist Parish Church . The Rizal Shrine is a typical rectangular Bahay na Bato , reminiscent of upper-class Filipino homes built during the Spanish Colonial era . The lower portion is made of adobe stone and brick, while the upper portion consists of hardwood. The original interior flooring of the house was discovered during reconstruction and utilized. Its windows have sliding window sashes using capiz shells ,

864-613: The Bicol peninsula took advantage of the abundant volcanic stone from nearby volcanoes. One characteristic of houses in Bicol is that ground-floor overhangs are common, considering the region's rainy climate. Decorations tend to be minimal for these houses. Larger towns in Bicol boast many bahay na bato homes. Most bahay na bato in Visayas uses coral stone material though many are still adobe and bricks. Cebu, Bohol, Negros, and Iloilo are famous for their bahay na bato houses. Throughout

912-492: The Jesuit Antonio Sedeño, edifices began to be constructed of stone. Fr. Sedeño built the first stone building, which was the residence of Bishop Salazar. By 1587, Governor General Santiago de Vera required all buildings in Manila to be built of stone. For this purpose, the indigenous Filipinos were taught how to quarry and dress stone, prepare and use mortar, and mould bricks. Thus began what has been called

960-489: The Philippines being of bahay na bato architecture. Though the Filipino term bahay na bato means "house of stone", these houses are not entirely made up of stone; some are dominated more by wooden materials, while some more modern ones use concrete materials, in contrast to the organic materials that make up the bahay kubo . The name was applied to the architecture over generations. Precolonial Philippine architecture

1008-528: The Philippines, has some of the most diverse styles and materials of bahay na bato , ranging from the early period of Spanish colonization to the American era. Many were destroyed by World War II . However, the Metro Manila area still has one of the largest concentrations of bahay na bato houses. Most buildings in Manila and Central Luzon were of adobe, a volcanic tuff quarried from the hills, which

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1056-501: The Register of Styles is the only architectural stylebook in the Philippines with the force and potency of a national law. By form, the urban landscape of Intramuros mostly lacked setbacks, with buildings that were mostly terraced (rowhouses) . Courtyards or backyards were exceptionally well adapted to the climate. By style Intramuros was described as both vernacular and cosmopolitan. While its Church and State buildings were European in orientation, albeit adapted and localized, most of

1104-475: The Visayas, the craft of cutting coral stones was virtually elevated into a fine art, with blocks fitting so precisely into each other that not even a razor blade could be inserted between blocks. The material was so durable that it did not have to be protected with a layer of paletada . Aside from bahay na bato Visayan noble settlements are also dominated by mansion-type payag ( bahay kubo ), which forms like

1152-532: The azotea is an old well, one of the only surviving features of the original house. Built in 1997, a gallery, library, audio-visual room and shop of Rizal memorabilia reside adjacent to the shrine. The shrine has a large lawn with a replica of the nipa hut and a statue depicting young Rizal with his dog. The statue was constructed in 1996 by Dudley Diaz for the centennial celebration commemorating Rizal's death. The remains of Rizal's parents, Francisco Rizal Mercado and Teodora Alonso Realonda , are also located in

1200-549: The basic form, the 19th-century bahay na bato reflected changing tastes by incorporating motifs from the prevalent styles. Houses such as the Vega Ancestral House that have emerging stone works at the bottom part of the house but have almost wooden materials appearance even to the first level walls are still considered bahay na bato ; the name bahay na bato was applied to this architecture over generations, as most of these houses use stone materials, contrary to

1248-471: The buildings enclaved within its walls embraced tropical vernacular constructions as exemplified by the Bahay na bato . Churches, fortifications, and palaces fashioned in European styles, though few, became icons and objects of popular imagination. In contrast, the vernacular Bahay na Bato, which was adopted in majority of buildings, prevailed in terms of number of constructions. Except in certain instances,

1296-478: The characteristics of the bahay kubo of the natives and applied it to Spanish Colonial architecture . This type of construction was soon called bahay na bato or as Jesuit Ignacio Alzina calls it, "arquitectura mestiza" or “mixed architecture”. Under more than three centuries of Spanish initiative, buildings of wood, stone, and brick were constructed all over the archipelago, from the Batanes Islands in

1344-732: The coasts of Luzon , especially in Batangas , used roughly hewn blocks of coral and adobe stone. The bahay na bato in Bulacan and many in Central Luzon are famous for their carvings. The most notable ones are in the Malolos , in its heritage core, where ancestral houses are located. Since adobe lends itself to sculpture, houses in Bulacan had façades decorated with carved flowers, leaves, and religious symbols. Many constructions in

1392-434: The common sinadumparan , which is similar to the mainland bahay na bato , having storage areas below and living quarters above. However, the storage floor is partially underground, acting as a basement, and the first floor serves as living quarters, appearing as a one-story house. The rakuh style, however, upholds the mainland tradition of having the first floor as storage and the second floor as living quarters, appearing as

1440-560: The country. The opening of Manila as a free port encouraged British people , Germans , French people , and other foreigners to set up businesses on the Escolta and adjacent streets, and majestic bahay na bato buildings were built. Northern Luzon has some of the best preserved bahay na bato in the Philippines. The unique style of the north, commonly in the Ilocos Region , usually bases its design on brick materials. This material

1488-632: The exterior walls are painted green (originally white) and the roof is constructed of red ceramic tile. In June 2009, the National Historical Institute (now National Historical Commission of the Philippines ) ordered the shrine's repainting to highlight the meaning of Rizal's surname. The ground floor of the house historically served as a stable for horses and carriages. It contains several exhibits on Rizal's childhood, including exact copies of Rizal's writings, drawings and original baptismal certificate. The upper floor served as

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1536-404: The family's living quarters and consisted of: the living room, dining area, bathroom and library. Containing more than 1000 books, a caida serves as Francisco Mercado's library, the largest private library in Calamba at that time. Adjacent to the library is the family's formal dining room, where Rizal's parents hosted guests and other prominent members of the society. The caida is connected to

1584-651: The first golden age of building in stone. This new community setup made construction using heavier, more permanent materials desirable. Some of these materials included bricks, mortar, tiles, and stone. Glowing accounts of towering palaces and splendid mansions reached the peninsula. However, the ambitious plans of the Spaniards were dashed in 1645 when a terrible earthquake struck Manila. The twin dangers of fire and earthquake gave rise to another type of architecture. Finding European construction styles impractical in local conditions, Spanish and Filipino builders quickly adapted

1632-490: The former style. Its design has evolved throughout the ages, but still maintains the bahay kubo 's architectural principle, which is adapted to the tropical climate , stormy season, and earthquake-prone environment of the whole archipelago of the Philippines, and fuses it with the influence of Spanish colonizers. It is one of the many architecture throughout the Spanish Empire known as Arquitectura mestiza. The style

1680-550: The gable roof, hip roof, and a traditional combination of both (similar to the East Asian hip-and-gable roof ). Horses for carriages are housed in stables called caballerizas . It was popular among the elite or middle-class. The 19th century was the high point of these houses’ construction, when wealthy Filipinos built them all over the archipelago. The same architectural style was used for Spanish-era convents, monasteries, schools, hotels, factories, and hospitals, with some of

1728-455: The house consisted of four walls enclosing one or more rooms, with the whole structure raised above ground on stilts. The Spaniards then quickly introduced Spanish architecture to the idea of building more permanent communities with the church and government as focal points inherited from the Romans . By the mid-1580s, through the efforts of Domingo Salazar, the first bishop of Manila, and of

1776-594: The house in 1891. Paciano Rizal , brother of José, reoccupied the house during the Philippine Revolution , but lost it again to the friars . It was subsequently sold, destroyed in World War II and eventually demolished. The government bought what remained of the Rizal House for ₱ 24,000 . In 1949, President Elpidio Quirino passed Executive Order No. 145, facilitating reconstruction of

1824-414: The house. Filipino school children provided most of the funding for the project while Juan F. Nakpil served as the supervising architect. Staying true to the original home, the reconstructed house occupies the same site and is built from the materials during the time the house was built. On June 19, 1950, the newly built home was inaugurated and now serves as a repository for Rizal's memorabilia. During

1872-402: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rizal_Shrine&oldid=620965128 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Rizal Shrine (Calamba) The house is designated as

1920-453: The mixing of styles and aesthetics of these houses. Many later bahay na bato adapted design styles such as Art Deco during the latter era of American rule, and even through the postwar period of loose restoration. These mixes give the bahay na bato a distinct architectural style reflective of the Philippines' unified cultures and society. The style of bahay na bato may also vary by area. Each region evolved its own building style, which

1968-428: The more common wooden second level façade in the rest of the country. However, buildings built in this style in the region remain faithful to the nipa hut principle. These non-wooden (stone) second level façade walls styles are also present in some of the bahay na bato of other regions besides the north, like the 1730 Jesuit house of Cebu in Visayas . The wooden second level façade bahay na bato are still present in

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2016-572: The north to Tawi-Tawi in the south, from Palawan in the west to Samar in the east. During World War II , the American and Japanese forces destroyed many of these houses. Different styles depend on each house's individual appearance. For example, some bahay na bato do not have ventanillas , some do not have Capiz windows , and some lack both. Some have galvanized roofs, some have tiled roofs, and some have nipa or cogon roofs. Ground-level walls may be made of bricks, adobe, coral, or wood; modern structures typically use concrete. Although retaining

2064-445: The north. In Vigan, the capital of Ilocos Sur , many homeowners built both stories in brick, which was available in large quantities. With the massive walls, the volada (an overhanging balcony) disappeared in many residences, and the kitchen became an extension in stone, with vents piercing the walls to let out smoke. Calabarzon has some of the most thoroughly preserved heritage houses, built mostly using adobe stones. Towns along

2112-420: The pre-colonial Ivatan-style (presumably the jin-jin) and colonial Filipino-style bahay na bato, particularly the northern style from Ilocos and Cagayan, but with the use of thick limestone blocks instead of the bricks traditionally used in the northern mainland. In addition, structures incorporated practical methods suitable to their unique environment prone to destructive typhoons. Their variant styles include

2160-613: The precolonial era that used little to no stones at all. The same principle applies to the nipa hut: not all nipa huts use nipa materials; some use cogon. Though many houses are built in standard design, many houses are also mixed, arranged, patterned and/or coated with varieties of designs from different architectural styles from cultures connected to the Philippines, by any means, including Chinese , Romanesque and Classical etc. These houses could have an unprecedented mixing and matching of architectural styles, such that it can have Neogothic and Neo-Mudéjar or Moorish Revival details in

2208-697: The same corners – that is, on top of the Baroque . Although retaining the basic form, the 19th-century bahay na bato reflected changing tastes through the incorporation of motifs from prevalent styles such as Victorian , Renaissance Revival and Neoclassical decorations which included columns , pilasters , caryatids , atlases and friezes adopted from Greco-Roman architecture, the civilizations from which Spanish culture descend. Classical traditions in these houses also appeared in Beaux-Arts later in history. The dawn of Art Nouveau also greatly influenced

2256-742: The shrine. Bahay na Bato The báhay na bató ( Filipino for "stone house"), also known in Visayan languages as baláy na bató or balay nga bato , is a type of building originating during the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines . It is an updated version of the traditional bahay kubo of the Christianized lowlanders, known for its use of masonry in its construction, using stone and brick materials and later synthetic concrete, rather than just full organic materials of

2304-516: Was in many cases dependent on the materials available. As construction techniques were developed, quarries opened, and kilns constructed, various parts of the country began to show a preference for specific building materials. As a result, bahay na bato have several variations along ethnic lines. The bahay na bato in Cebu, for example, differs from the one in Ilocos and so on. Manila , the capital of

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