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78-637: Richmond Castle in Richmond , North Yorkshire , England, stands in a commanding position above the River Swale , close to the centre of the town of Richmond. It was originally called Riche Mount, 'the strong hill'. The castle was constructed by Alan Rufus from 1071 onwards following the Norman Conquest of England , and the Domesday Book of 1086 refers to 'a castlery' at Richmond. In

156-463: A scheduled ancient monument , although the Act defines only ancient monument and scheduled monument . A monument can be: In Northern Ireland they are designated under separate legislation and are referred to as a scheduled historic monument (for those in private ownership) or a monument in state care (for those in public ownership). The first Act to enshrine legal protection for ancient monuments

234-516: A condensed register nor to any single authority to take care of over the course of the last 130 years. The UK is a signatory to the Council of Europe 's Valletta Treaty which obliges it to have a legal system to protect archaeological heritage on land and under water. The body of designation legislation used for legally protecting heritage assets from damage and destruction is complex, and dates back to 1882. There have been many revisions since, and

312-488: A filming location for a number of television programmes and films including The Fast Show , Century Falls , Earthfasts , A Woman of Substance (1984) and All Creatures Great and Small . The official gallery of Middlesbrough born artist Mackenzie Thorpe is located in town, Richmond local Lucy Pittaway was also chosen as the official artist for the Tour de Yorkshire from 2016 to 2018. Richmondshire Concerts

390-407: A garden and was overlooked by a balcony. A drawing of 1674 suggests there was another longer balcony overlooking the river side of Scolland's Hall, the great hall . Richmond Castle had fallen out of use as a fortress by the end of the 14th century and it did not receive major improvements after that date. A survey of 1538 shows it was partly in ruins, but paintings by Turner and others, together with

468-948: A house in Richmond for the 12-month period ending February 2020 was £241,583 compared to £223,537 for North Yorkshire and the national average of £232,320. Richmond Castle in the town centre overlooks the River Swale and is a major tourist attraction, bringing in close to 40,000 visitors a year. Scolland's Hall is the gatehouse and was staffed by the Lords of Bedale , such as Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan , and Miles Stapleton , Founder KG . Other staff residences were Constable Burton and Thornton Steward . Also, Richmond had an extended Wensleydale castlery initially consisting of Middleham Castle , Ravensworth and Snape ( Baron FitzHugh & Neville Baron Latymer ). The Conyers , Wyville , Gascoigne , Stapleton and Lovell families were all notable gentry. Within walking distance from

546-504: A limited definition of what constitutes a monument. Features such as ritual landscapes , battlefields and flint scatters are difficult to schedule; recent amendment in Scotland (see below) has widened the definition to include "any site... comprising any thing, or group of things, that evidences previous human activity". The wide range of legislation means that the terminology describing how historic sites are protected varies according to

624-719: A new town mayor is elected by the council members each February and taking office in May; meetings are held at Richmond Town Hall . The serving member for Richmond and Northallerton constituency in Westminster is the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , Rishi Sunak of the Conservative Party , who has held the seat since 2015 when he succeeded former party leader and Foreign Secretary William Hague . In modern times it has been an ultra-safe seat for

702-547: A new block providing services and access was added next to the original auditorium. The Richmond Meet is an annual fair taking place every Whit Monday , consisting of a parade and the arrival of amusement rides into the market place, in 2019 it ran for the 127th time, but was cancelled in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . Scheduled monument The various pieces of legislation that legally protect heritage assets from damage and destruction are grouped under

780-673: A scheduled monument lies with the Secretary of State for the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS). The Secretary of State keeps the list, or schedule, of these sites. The designation process was first devolved to Scotland and Wales in the 1970s and is now operated there by the Scottish Government and the Welsh Government respectively. The government bodies with responsibility for archaeology and

858-445: A site, defines a boundary around it and advises the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport of its eligibility for inclusion on the schedule. In Wales Cadw is part of central government and act on behalf of the relevant ministers. In Scotland, since October 2015, Historic Environment Scotland has been a non-departmental public body advising Scottish Ministers. The 1979 Act makes it a criminal offence to: Despite perceptions to

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936-532: A small enclosure around the keep. In 1069 William the Conqueror had put down a rebellion at York which was followed by his "harrying of the North" – an act of ethnic cleansing which depopulated large areas for a generation or more. As a further punishment, he divided up the lands of North Yorkshire among his most loyal followers. Alan Rufus, of Brittany , received the borough of Richmond and began constructing

1014-665: A tourist centre. Richmond in North Yorkshire was the Honour of Richmond of the Earls of Richmond (or comtes de Richemont ), a dignity also held by the Duke of Brittany from 1136 to 1399. Richmond was founded in 1071 by Alan Rufus , a Breton nobleman, on lands granted to him by William the Conqueror , though it was called Hindrelag initially. The name derives from Old French "Riche and Monte", meaning "Strong Hill", which

1092-675: A week round indoor one in the town's 19th-century market hall. The origins of the markets date back as far as 1093 when they were authorised by the Earls, and the first known royal charter was granted in 1155. According to the 2011 United Kingdom census , the economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 37.6% in full-time employment, 15.5% in part-time employment, 10.4% self-employed, 3.4% unemployed, 2.4% students with jobs, 3.6% students without jobs, 20% retired, 2.9% looking after home or family, 2.8% permanently sick or disabled, and 1.4% economically inactive for other reasons. The average price of

1170-553: Is Leeming, about 12 mi (19 km) to the south-east. Temperature extremes have ranged from 33.5 °C (92.3 °F) during August 1990, down to −17.9 °C (−0.2 °F) during December 2010. According to the 2011 United Kingdom census , the parish of Richmond had a total resident population of 8,413, of which 4,374 females and 4,039 males. 95.8% of the population identified as white British , 1.4% as other white , 1.1% as Asian or Asian British , and 0.8% as black, Afro-Caribbean or black British . The place of birth of

1248-580: Is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire , England. It is located at the point where Swaledale , the upper valley of the River Swale , opens into the Vale of Mowbray . The town's population at the 2011 census was 8,413. The town is 13 miles (21 km) north-west of Northallerton , the county town, and 41 miles (66 km) north-west of York . In the Domesday Book of 1086

1326-526: Is a classical music society that puts on six concerts a year, generally of chamber music, at the Influence Church. The society has an average of 250 annual subscribers from North Yorkshire and the North East. Richmond Live was an annual music festival held every August on a riverside venue known as "The Batts", notable headliners included The Lightning Seeds and The Hoosiers . The festival

1404-651: Is a result of the nearby Catterick Garrison . The following table shows historic population changes in the Richmond parish area between 1801 and 2011. As a gateway town to the Yorkshire Dales , tourism is important to the local economy, but the single largest influence is the Catterick Garrison army base, which is rapidly becoming the largest population centre in Richmondshire. National chain retailers such as Lidl , WHSmith , Boots , and

1482-474: Is a smaller, voluntary aided, joint Roman Catholic and Church of England School for boys and girls aged 11–16. There are also three non- sectarian primary schools : Trinity Academy (formerly Richmond C of E), Richmond Methodist School, and St Mary's Roman Catholic School. The town's football club, Richmond Town F.C. was founded in 1945 and they currently play in the Wearside League in level 7 of

1560-416: Is also a Grade I listed building . According to legend, King Arthur and his knights are sleeping in a cave underneath the castle. It is said that they were once discovered by a potter named Thompson, who ran away when they began to awake. Another legend tells that a drummer boy was lost while investigating a tunnel, and that his ghostly drumming is sometimes heard around the castle. The cell block at

1638-449: Is owned by the Influence Church, and also houses a food bank serving the local area. The Georgian Theatre Royal in Richmond, built in 1788, is the UK's most complete 18th century theatre. A decline in the fortunes of theatre led to closure in 1848 and it was used as a warehouse until 1963 when the theatre was restored and reopened, with a museum added in 1979, after renovation in 2003,

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1716-497: Is served by Arriva North East buses to Darlington and Catterick Garrison , as well as links to Barnard Castle and Northallerton provided by Hodgsons and routes to Leyburn and Ripon by Dales & District , along with council run services that serve Richmond's residential areas. The Little White Bus connects Richmond with the villages of Swaledale as far west as Keld and is operated solely by volunteer drivers. Richmond has two four digit A-roads passing through it;

1794-695: Is served by two local newspapers, North Yorkshire editions of the daily Northern Echo and the weekly Darlington & Stockton Times both published by Newsquest . Local news and television programmes are by BBC North East and Cumbria and ITV Tyne Tees . Television signals are received from the Bilsdale TV transmitter. The town is served by both BBC Radio York on 104.3 FM and BBC Radio Tees 95.0 FM. Other radio stations including Greatest Hits Radio York and North Yorkshire on 103.5 FM, Nation Radio North East on 103.2 FM and Sun FM on 102.6 FM. Richmond has been used as

1872-474: Is split between three local government wards, Richmond East, Richmond North, and Richmond West, however the most southerly residential areas including Holly Hill and the area surrounding the former railway station are covered by the Hipswell ward, and as a result these residents are not able to elect members of the town council. The town council consists of 15 councillors elected from the three Richmond wards,

1950-582: Is the unusually named Richmond Out Moor. There are four extant churches within the town, the Church of England 's St Mary the Virgin , the Roman Catholic St Joseph and St Francis Xavier , Richmond Methodist Church and Influence Church, formed in 1950 as Richmond Pentecostal Church. Former religious buildings and structures include Holy Trinity Church, a grade I Listed building in

2028-540: The A6108 is the main entry route from the A1(M) junction at Scotch Corner , and continues west towards Leyburn and then Ripon . The A6136 connects to nearby Catterick Garrison across Mercury Bridge that spans the River Swale . Mercury Bridge is grade II listed , and as its original name of Station Bridge suggests, it was built to give vehicular access to the railway station. In June 2000, heavy flooding resulted in

2106-520: The Co-op , as well as local independent shops, restaurants and pubs, also provide a source of employment. The Gallowfields Trading Estate in the north of the town accommodates several builder's merchants, car garages and showrooms, a Royal Mail delivery office and a veterinarian surgery. A traditional market still operates every Saturday in one of the largest cobbled market places in England, as well as

2184-489: The Covenanter Army led by David Leslie, Lord Newark , took over the castle, and conflict ensued between local Catholics and Scottish Presbyterians. In 1608, Robert Willance became the first alderman of Richmond, two years prior in 1606, whilst hunting on the nearby Whitcliffe Scar, the horse Willance was riding became nervous when thick mist descended, bolting over the edge and falling over 200 feet (61 m) to

2262-461: The Duke of Cumberland's at the Battle of Culloden , after falling into disrepair it was restored in 1981 and now is used a holiday let. Another small folly is Oliver Duckett on the northern outskirts of the town, a rounded bastion tower, built from the same stone as Richmond Castle and now lying on public land. Swale House on Frenchgate, built around 1750, was home to the headmaster and students of

2340-671: The National League System with their games being held at the Earl's Orchard ground, the pavilion was officially opened in March 1975 by then Middlesbrough F.C. manager Jack Charlton . Richmond is also home to Richmondshire Rugby Union Football club, currently playing in Durham/Northumberland 3 . Richmondshire Cricket Club play in the North Yorkshire and South Durham Cricket League , where they have won

2418-508: The Richmond Sixteen were held at the castle after refusing to undertake even non-combatant military duties. After being transported to France , they were court-martialled and formally sentenced to be executed by firing squad , but this sentence was immediately commuted to ten years' penal servitude , and the men were eventually released in 1919. Richmond Castle's 19th-century cell block continued to be used to house prisoners into

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2496-566: The Second World War . In June 1927, Richmond was a centre line of totality during a solar eclipse, the event is marked with a plaque at the top of Reeth Road. Richmond is located in the eponymous district of Richmondshire , created under the Local Government Act 1972 by a merger of the municipal borough of Richmond with the rural districts of Richmond, Aysgarth, Leyburn, Reeth, and part of Croft. The town itself

2574-415: The 12th century, his great-nephew Conan expanded the castle and built the keep. Although it was derelict by 1540, it was restored centuries later. The property is the best-preserved early Norman castle in England and an important tourist attraction. Richmond Castle consists of four main parts: a triangular main enclosure, an outer enclosure to the east, a keep at the northern corner of the main enclosure, and

2652-573: The 14th century. John V, Duke of Brittany , died in 1399, and Henry IV took possession. Richmond is one of a few settlements that was spared from being raided by the Scots during The Great Raid of 1322 by bribing them off. In 1453, the earldom was conferred on Edmund Tudor , and it was merged with the crown when Edmund's son became King Henry VII in 1485. During the Wars of the Three Kingdoms ,

2730-502: The 1882 legislation was guided through Parliament by John Lubbock , who in 1871 had bought Avebury, Wiltshire , to ensure the survival of the stone circle. The first Inspector of Ancient Monuments, as set up by the act, was Augustus Pitt Rivers . At this point, only the inspector, answering directly to the First Commissioner of Works , was involved in surveying the scheduled sites and persuading landowners to offer sites to

2808-491: The 1979 Act was never brought into effect in Scotland. It is a legal requirement to maintain the 'schedule' of monuments. In England the Department for Culture, Media and Sport keeps a register, or schedule, of nationally important sites which receive state protection. The National Heritage List for England now includes about 400,000 heritage sites, including scheduled monuments. This online searchable list can be found on

2886-630: The Conservative Party with them having held it continually since 1910. Situated approximately 16 miles (26 km) north-west of the county town Northallerton , Richmond straddles the eastern border of the Yorkshire Dales National Park , at the edge of a valley or dale known as Swaledale , which takes its name from the river that flows through the town, said to be one of the fastest flowing in England. The nearest official Met Office weather station to Richmond

2964-641: The Historic England web site. The list of Scottish monuments can be searched on the Historic Environment Scotland website, or through Pastmap. For Wales, the National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW), has an online database called "Coflein" which contains the national collection of information about the historic environment of Wales. To be eligible for scheduling, a monument must be demonstrably of (in

3042-659: The Marine (Scotland) Act 2010. It is intended that the marine scheduled monuments will be protected by this new Act. The Historic Environment (Amendment) (Scotland) Act, which amended the 1979 Act, was passed into law in 2011. Wider areas can be protected by designating their locations as Areas of Archaeological Importance (AAI) under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. As of 2011, only five city centres in England have been designated as AAIs (Canterbury, Chester, Exeter, Hereford and York). This part of

3120-634: The UK are also protected as World Heritage Sites . To add to the confusion, some heritage assets can be both listed buildings and scheduled monuments (e.g. Dunblane Cathedral ). World Heritage Sites, conservation areas and protected landscapes can also contain both scheduled monuments and listed buildings. Where a heritage asset is both scheduled and listed, many provisions of the listing legislation are dis-applied (for example those relating to building preservation notices). In England, Scotland and Wales, protection of monuments can also be given by another process, additional to or separate from scheduling, taking

3198-462: The UK government states that it remains committed to heritage protection legislation reform, even though the draft Heritage Protection Bill 2008, which proposed a single 'register' that included scheduled monuments and listed buildings, was abandoned to make room in the parliamentary legislative programme for measures to deal with the credit crunch. The scheduling system has been criticised by some as being cumbersome. In England and Wales it also has

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3276-645: The area was collected under Yorkshire and the town was in the Gilling Wapentake . After the book it became the centre for wapentakes in the Honour of Richmond for the North Riding of Yorkshire . Between 1974 and 2023 the town was the administrative centre of the Richmondshire district of the North Yorkshire non-metropolitan county . Richmond is located near the eastern boundary of the Yorkshire Dales National Park , for which it has become

3354-549: The barracks building was demolished in 1931. The castle was used during the First World War as the base of the Non-Combatant Corps made up of conscientious objectors – conscripts who refused to fight. It was also used to imprison some conscientious objectors who refused to accept army discipline and participate in the war in any way. These included the " Richmond Sixteen " who were taken to France from

3432-576: The bridge suffering considerable structural damage to one side, repairs were made at a cost of approximately £500,000 and the bridge re-opened to traffic in December of the same year. The closest airport is Teesside International Airport just to the east of Darlington approximately 18 miles (29 km) north-east. The town is home to two secondary schools : Richmond School , a large school and sixth form with specialisms in performing arts, science, and mathematics, and St Francis Xavier School , which

3510-501: The castle contains 2,300 examples of graffiti left by those imprisoned there, from the mid-nineteenth century to the 1970s. Perhaps the most significant of the mark makers were the Richmond Sixteen , who were conscientious objectors imprisoned there during the First World War. 54°24′06″N 1°44′15″W  /  54.4017°N 1.7376°W  / 54.4017; -1.7376 Richmond, North Yorkshire Richmond

3588-404: The castle to defend against further rebellions and to establish a personal power base. His holdings, called the Honour of Richmond , covered parts of eight counties and amounted to one of the most extensive Norman estates in England. A 100-foot (30 m)-high keep of honey-coloured sandstone was constructed at the end of the 12th century by Duke Conan IV of Brittany . The Earldom of Richmond

3666-495: The castle, charged under Field Regulations, and then sentenced to death, but their death sentences were commuted to ten years' hard labour. The original 11th-century main gate arch is now in the basement of the later 12th century keep which was built in front of it; the original arch was unblocked in the 19th century. The castle is a scheduled monument , a "nationally important" historic building and archaeological site which has been given protection against unauthorised change. It

3744-475: The centre of the market place, no longer conducting regular services, the 15th century bell tower of the former friary of Greyfriars , stands over an area of public green space, known as the Friary Gardens, and a former United Reformed Church building on Dundas Street. Richmond Railway Station opened in 1846 and closed in 1968, a year before the branch line itself was taken out of service. After

3822-570: The condition of scheduled monuments is also reported through the Heritage at Risk survey. In 2008 this survey extended to include all listed buildings , scheduled monuments, registered parks and gardens, registered battlefields, protected wreck sites and conservation areas. The register is compiled by survey by a range of heritage groups including Natural England, the Forestry Commission, local authorities, national park authorities,

3900-1130: The contrary, only a very small proportion of applications for scheduled monument consent are refused. In Scotland in the ten years from 1995 to 2005, out of 2,156 applications, only 16 were refused. Development close to a scheduled monument which might damage its setting is also a material consideration in the planning system. Historic England, Historic Environment Scotland and Cadw monitor the condition of scheduled monuments. They encourage owners to maintain scheduled monuments in good condition by using sympathetic land uses, for example restricting stock levels or controlling undergrowth which can damage archaeology below ground. Historic Environment Scotland, Cadw, Historic England and Natural England also offer owners advice on how to manage their monuments. There are some grant incentive schemes for owners, including schemes run by Historic England and by Natural England for farmers and land managers. Historic Environment Scotland, Historic England and Cadw, occasionally award grants to support management agreements for monuments, and in some cases can help with major repairs. In England,

3978-406: The drums ceased suddenly and the boy was never seen or located since, a stone marker stands at the point at which the boy's drumming stopped, on a footpath between the town and Easby. The tall market cross or "obelisk" was built in 1771 to replace the medieval cross that stood before it. On the south-west side of the town stands the folly of Culloden Tower , originally built in 1746 to commemorate

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4056-522: The form of a Celtic cross and is dedicated to the losses suffered by the Green Howards regiment during both the First and Second World Wars, the other monument commissioned is located in the friary gardens and commemorates all of the victims of the two World Wars who resided in Richmond. Richmond Falls are a short walk from the town centre and to the west of the town, on the road to Marske ,

4134-651: The historic environment in Britain are: Historic England in England, Cadw in Wales, and Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland. The processes for application and monitoring scheduled monuments is administered in England by Historic England; in Wales by Cadw on behalf of the Senedd (Welsh Parliament); and in Scotland by Historic Environment Scotland on behalf of the Scottish Ministers. In Northern Ireland,

4212-576: The league title a total of five times and the ECB National Club Cricket Championship once, in 2018. Richmond was also the starting point for the third stage of the 2018 Tour de Yorkshire road cycling race. The town's racecourse opened in 1765 and closed in 1891, but the site is still used for horse training and by the public for walking. The poor condition of the grandstand led it to appear on Historic England's Heritage at Risk register in 2019. The town

4290-557: The legislation to include medieval monuments. Pressure grew for stronger legislation. In a speech in 1907, Robert Hunter, chairman of the National Trust, observed that only a further 18 sites had been added to the original list of 68. 'Scheduling' in the modern sense only became possible with the passing of the Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act 1913 . When Pitt Rivers died in 1900 he

4368-662: The monument into state ownership or placing it under guardianship, classifying it as a guardianship monument under the terms of Section 12 of the 1979 Act (as amended by the National Heritage Act 1983 in England, and by the Historic Environment (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2011) (e.g. St Rule's Church in St Andrews). The latter meaning that the owner retains possession, while the appropriate national heritage body maintains it and (usually) opens it to

4446-526: The nearby grammar school, before being used as a hospital for wounded officers in the First World War. For many years, it was the headquarters of Richmondshire District Council, before being closed and sold off in 2013. Millgate House bed & breakfast has received mentions in several national publications for its accompanying gardens. There are two war memorials sited in Richmond, the Gallowgate Memorial stands overlooking Frenchgate, taking

4524-441: The owner's freehold title or other legal interests in the land, nor does it give the general public any new rights of public access. The process of scheduling does not automatically imply that the monument is being poorly managed or that it is under threat, nor does it impose a legal obligation to undertake any additional management of the monument. In England and Wales the authority for designating, re-designating and de-designating

4602-534: The public. All monuments in guardianship on the passing of the 1979 Act were automatically included in the 'schedule'. Scheduling is not usually applied to underwater sites although historic wrecks can be protected under the Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 , although three maritime sites have been designated as scheduled monuments. In Scotland new powers for protection of the marine heritage, better integrated with other maritime conservation powers, have been given by

4680-638: The rise of tourism and an interest in antiquities, led to repairs to the keep in the early 19th century. In 1855 the castle became the headquarters of the North Yorkshire Militia, and a military barracks block was constructed in the great courtyard. For two years, from 1908 to 1910, the castle was the home of Robert Baden-Powell , later founder of the Boy Scouts, while he commanded the Northern Territorial Army but

4758-484: The site including Edward's improvements to the keep interior. In addition to the main circuit of the wall, there was the barbican in front of the main gate which functioned as a sealed entry space, allowing visitors and wagons to be checked before they gained entry to the castle itself. On the other side of the castle, overlooking the river, was another enclosure or bailey called the Cockpit, which may have functioned as

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4836-401: The state. The act also established the concept of guardianship, in which a site might remain in private ownership, but the monument itself become the responsibility of the state, as guardian. However the legislation could not compel landowners, as that level of state interference with private property was not politically possible. The Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1900 extended the scope of

4914-574: The station closed, the building was used for many years as a garden centre. It has now been renovated by the Richmondshire Building Preservation Trust and opened in late 2007, now titled "The Station", a mixed-use space for community and commercial activities. The nearest main line station to Richmond is now Darlington on the East Coast Main Line , 13 miles (21 km) north-east. The town

4992-502: The tens of thousands of scheduled monuments in the UK, most are inconspicuous archaeological sites, but some are large ruins . According to the 1979 Act, a monument cannot be a structure which is occupied as a dwelling, used as a place of worship or a protected shipwreck . Scheduled monuments are defined in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 . In England, Wales and Scotland they are often referred to as

5070-625: The term " designation ". The protection provided to scheduled monuments is given under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 , which is a different law from that used for listed buildings (which fall within the town and country planning system). A heritage asset is a part of the historic environment that is valued because of its historic, archaeological, architectural or artistic interest. Only some of these are judged to be important enough to have extra legal protection through designation. There are about 20,000 scheduled monuments in England representing about 37,000 heritage assets. Of

5148-480: The term "Scheduled Historic Monument" is used. These sites protected under Article 3 of the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (Northern Ireland) Order 1995. The schedule contains over 1,900 sites, and is maintained by the Department for Communities . There is no positive distinction yet for a single method of registering sites of heritage. The long tradition of legal issues did not lead to

5226-498: The terms of the 1979 Act) "national importance". Non-statutory criteria are provided to guide the assessment. In England these are: The Scottish criteria were revised after public consultation between 2006 and 2008. There is no appeal against the scheduling process and adding a monument to the schedule may be a process requiring a great deal of research and consideration. The process can be accelerated for sites under threat, however. In England, Historic England gathers information on

5304-476: The town centre are the ruins of the premonstratensian Easby Abbey , managed by English Heritage , and adjacent Easby Hall , built in 1729. A popular town legend tells the story of the Little Drummer Boy, a young member of an 18th-century regiment who was sent by soldiers to investigate a tunnel leading away from the castle towards Easby, playing his drum to guide the soldiers above ground, however

5382-461: The town's Georgian architecture originates, the most notable examples of which are to be found on Newbiggin and in Frenchgate. One of Europe's first gas works was built in the town in 1830. A permanent military presence was established in the town with the completion of Richmond Barracks in 1877. During the First World War , Richmond's own Green Howards Regiment raised 24 battalions for

5460-406: The town's residents was 93.8% United Kingdom, 3.3% from European Union countries, and 2.5% from elsewhere in the world. 71.7% said they had religious beliefs; 70.4% of those were Christian , 1.3% is made up of all other religions, the largest being Buddhism at 0.8%, 21.4% said they had no religion. A quirk of the demographics in the town is that 2% of the population was born in Germany. This

5538-418: The type of heritage asset. Monuments are "scheduled", buildings are "listed", whilst battlefields, parks and gardens are "registered", and historic wrecks are "protected". Historic urban spaces receive protection through designation as " conservation areas ", and historic landscapes are designated through national park and Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) legislation. In addition, there are areas in

5616-460: The valley floor, Willance survived this fall with a broken leg and erected a monument on top of the cliff as a show of gratitude for his survival. Willance died in 1616. The prosperity of the medieval town and centre of the Swaledale wool industry greatly increased in the late 17th and 18th centuries with the burgeoning lead mining industry in nearby Arkengarthdale . It is from this period that

5694-411: The war effort, the castle assumed a role as a barracks and training camp for new recruits and members of the Non-Combatant Corps , in 1915, the first troops occupied the area south of Richmond in what was to become Catterick Camp , the planning of which was commissioned by Lord Baden Powell during his residence at the town's barracks. In 1916, a group of "absolutist" conscientious objectors known as

5772-568: Was also the name of a village in Normandy . Richmond is one of the most commonly re-used English place names: there are 56 other Richmonds around the world. Richmond Castle was completed in 1086 with a keep and walls encompassing the area now known as the Market Place. Richmond was part of the lands of the earldom of Richmond, which was intermittently held by the Dukes of Brittany until

5850-399: Was cancelled permanently by the organisers following the 2019 event due to a lack of sustainability. Richmond has a two-screen cinema that opened in 2007 in the former railway station the town was also home to the one screen Zetland Cinema, between from 1937 until its closure in 1983, the building was then sold to become a religious centre for the local Pentecostal Church , as of 2020 it

5928-479: Was not immediately replaced as Inspector. Charles Peers, a professional architect, was appointed as Inspector in 1910 in the Office of Works becoming Chief Inspector in 1913. The job title 'Inspector' is still in use. Scheduling offers protection because it makes it illegal to undertake a great range of 'works' within a designated area, without first obtaining 'scheduled monument consent'. However, it does not affect

6006-427: Was seized in 1158 by Henry II of England . It was King Henry II who probably completed the keep which had 11-foot (3.4 m)-thick walls. Modern visitors can climb to the top of the keep for magnificent views of the town of Richmond. At the same time that the keep was probably completed, Henry II considerably strengthened the castle by adding towers and a barbican . Henry III and King Edward I spent more money on

6084-674: Was the Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882 . This identified an initial list of 68 prehistoric sites that were given a degree of legal protection (25 sites in England, three in Wales, 22 in Scotland and 18 in Ireland). This was the result of strenuous representation by William Morris and the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings , which had been founded in 1877. Following various previous attempts,

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